ὅπου φρενῶν
,
where in the heart it lies.
mvp-sidgwick-154-1-1
A bloodless victim she calls Orestes, consistently with the threat (
ll. 264, 267
),
I will drain thee dry and carry thee below.
δαιμόνων
is
the powers below, i, e. both the Furies who will drink his blood and Hades (
l. 274
) who ordains and directs the vengeance.
σκιάν
,
a shadow, not a ghost, for he was to be carried off below yet living (
l. 267
): but all the vigour sucked out of him with his blood. [Schol. reads σκιά with MSS., and takes it voc. Unlikely.]
mvp-sidgwick-155-1-1
Orestes maintains a patient and scornful silence: which rouses the Chorus to still greater fury. There would be a dramatic pause before this line; then the furious threat
l. 305
. There is no need to divide the speech between different speakers, as Hartung, Paley, and others, following M. G.
ὕμνον δέσμιον σέθεν
,
the song that binds thee, the choric song acting as an infernal spell to make Orestes their prey: and perhaps accompanied by mysterious
binding gestures.
δεδόκηκεν
,
'tis our resolve, poetic form for regular δέδοκται.
λάχη
might be the
office of the Furies, as
Cho. 360
: but with ἐπινωμᾷ it makes better sense to refer it to ἀνθρώπους.
How our troop assigns the lots of men.
στάσις
, as
Choeph. 114, 458
.
mvp-sidgwick-159-1-1
I take Hermann's original correction προνέμοντα,
that puts forth for all to see: opposed to the action of the guilty man who
hides (
l. 317
) his bloody hands.
mvp-sidgwick-160-1-1
I take Hermann's corr. εὐθυδίκαιοι (justified by
ὀρθοδίκαιοι
l. 994
) and H. L. Ahrens' οἰόμεθ'.
πράκτορες
,
avengers, from πράσσειν in the special sense
to exact a debt. So
τὸν πατρὸς φόνον πράξαντα
l. 624
,
χερὶ πράκτορι
Ag. 111
. For the masc. form πράκτωρ with fem. substantive cf. line 186.
τελέως
,
unfailingly: it goes with παραγιγ. πρακ. and expresses the persistent and complete vengeance.
ἀλαοῖσι καὶ δεδορκόσιν
,
the sightless and the seeing, i. e. the
dead and the living. So
δερκομένοισι καὶ δυσομμάτοις
l. 388
.
ματρῷον ἅγνισμα κύριον φόνου
,
rightful atonement for a mother's blood ματρῷον poetically transferred from φόνου to ἄγνισμα, as the thought comes naturally in that order
expiation for a mother for her blood. ...
αὐονά
is also found (Simon. Iamb. vii. 20) in the sense of
cry, [from root αϝ,
shout] and it may be so taken here by joining it with
ἀφόρμικτος
,
a cry unmusical to men: but the other sense from
αὐαίνω
,
to wither or waste, is more forcible, and so the Schol. Med. takes it:
ὁ ξηραίνων τοὺς βροτούς.
διανταία
,
piercing,
deadly, a favourite word of Aeschylus, usually of wounding:
δ. πεπλαγμένους [πλαγάν]
Theb. 894
,
δ. βέλει
Cho. 184
, and again
δ. οὐτῷ
ib. 640
.
mvp-sidgwick-166-2-1
This is far more Aeschylean and forcible than the common rendering
all pervading (Lin. Pal. Hart. Mors. etc., following Schol.).
mvp-sidgwick-167-1-1
Taking the old corrections of the corrupt text, which are much the simplest and best, we get a good sense:
To those mortals who light upon sinful deeds of blood,
He [the guilty man] pass beneath the earth:
And [even] in death he is not over-free.
ξυμπέσωσιν
is suspected by some edd.: why, they ask, should Furies pursue those whom murder
falls in with, i. e. who are accidentally guilty of murder?
ξυμπέσωσι
,
befall, for a deliberate murder, we have μάταιοι (lit.
vain,
foolish,) for wicked: ὁμαρτεῖν (lit.
to attend on), for the relentless pursuit of the Furies: οὐκ ἄγαν ἐλεύθερος meaning he is never quit of us.
τοῖσιν
for relative, so, e. g.
Ag. 526, 642
,
Cho. 604
, Eum. 918,
Theb. 519
, etc.: (2)
ξυμπέσωσιν
, indef. subj. with no ἄν attached to the relative,-both common survivals in tragedy : and (3)
ὄφρα ἄν
for
until.
λάχη
. here, as
l. 334
,
office.
ἐκράνθη
,
assigned: so
Suppl. 943
ψῆφος κέκρανται,
fixed,
settled.
ἀθανάτων δ᾽ ἀπέχειν χέρας
,
but from the immortals to keep away. The ἀθανάτων δέ is opposed to the θνατῶν of the previous stanza
l. 336
. Their
office is to pursue the guilty man, but they have nothing to do with gods.
mvp-sidgwick-170-1-1
This line does not correspond to the antistrophic line,
Ζεὺς γὰρ αἱματοσταγὲς ἀξιόμισον ἔθνος τόδε λέσχας,
but both make good sense, and there is no specially suspicious word in either. Under these circumstances it is quite easy to make them correspond in numerous different ways, by changing one, or the other, or both. But the best correction is to read ἀνέορτον for ἄμοιρον here, and in the antistrophe to read δ' αἱμοσταγές for γὰρ αἱματοσταγές.
In pure white robes I have no festal part.
mvp-sidgwick-170-2-1
The Eumenides as nether and evil powers had
no lot nor part in the festivals of gods where white robes were worn: they were μελανεί- μονες,
black-robed,
l. 376
,
μέλαιναι,
l. 52
, φαιοχίτωνες,
dusky in garb,
Cho. 1048
, as became daughters of Night.
mvp-sidgwick-171-1-1
Whenever the Wargod is tamed and slays a friend, an imaginative phrase, obscure from its very boldness: he means
when Strife in the house sheds a kinsman's blood.
διόμεναι
, Epic word,
pursuing. Homer has it always transitive: here it seems best to take it intrans. with prep.
pursuing after him. [It might be tmesis for ἐπιδιόμεναι : but ὦ makes this less likely. Perhaps E. A. Ahrens' ὧδ' ἱέμεναι, which is certainly very ingenious, is the true reading.]
τόν
, Epic demonst. use. [Others read ἐπιτόνως: but Schol. had our reading, for he remarks on the position of ὦ.]
mvp-sidgwick-172-3-1
ll. 358-359
are read in the MSS. :
μαυροῦμεν ὑφ᾽ [or ἐφ᾽] αἵματος νέου,
and in the antistrophe :
The best emendation seems to be Weil's:
κρατερὸν ὄνθ᾽ ὅμως ἀμαυρ-
and in the antistrophe:
mvp-sidgwick-172-4-1
The meaning of the passage before us will then be:
Mighty though he be, we waste him away
For the new deed of blood.
mvp-sidgwick-172-5-1
The genitive will then be a genitive of the cause (like θράσους τοῦδ᾽ οὐκ ἀλύξεις Soph. Εl. 627,
for this daring thou shalt not escape) or perhaps the more special gen. of the charge (like ἁλῶναι κλοπῆς, διώκειν φόνου, etc.).
mvp-sidgwick-172-6-1
For a fuller discussion see Appendix.
mvp-sidgwick-173-1-1
Again an obscure passage. MSS. read :
σπευδόμεναι δ᾽ ἀφελεῖν τινὰ τάσδε μερίμνας
θεῶν δ᾽ ἀτέλειαν ἐμαῖσι λιταῖς ἐπικραίνειν
Ζεὺς γὰρ αἱματοσταγὲς ἀξιόμισον ἔθνος τόδε λέσχας
And then should follow what has got displaced in the MSS.:
μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα, κ.τ.λ.
mvp-sidgwick-173-2-1
Where the general drift seems to be:
[I pursue the guilty] and am eager to relieve another (the gods) of this charge, and set the gods free, and prevent the crime from coming to trial-for Zeus has banished the guilty from his sight, etc.
mvp-sidgwick-173-3-1
This seems to make a fair sense, and it is best with most editors to suppose the nom. pendens σπευδόμεναι to be taken up again by μάλα γὰρ οὖν, so that the sentence is only grammatically completed when we reach καταφέρω.
mvp-sidgwick-173-4-1
[This anacoluthon is rather harsh: Wecklein and Kirchhoff take Döderlein's suggestion σπεύδομεν αΐδ',
we here are eager. But the phrase is then abrupt and unnatural.]
mvp-sidgwick-173-5-1
The points that remain are:
mvp-sidgwick-173-6-1
(1) 362 ἐμαῖσι λιταῖς, which, if right, must be referred to the prayer of the Eumenides to Apollo not to interfere. But the passage is too general to refer specially to Orestes, though he is of course in their minds. So that perhaps ἐμαῖς μελέταις is better, and
by my labour to set the gods free (lit.
to bring about the freedom or immunity of the gods, i. e. freedom from the duty of punishing the criminal).
mvp-sidgwick-173-7-1
(2) 363 μηδ' εἰς ἄγκρισιν ἐλθεῖν: i. e. to take the guilty into my own hands and prevent the matter from being tried by the gods;the very thing they feared was going to be done with Orestes. ἄγκρισις or ἀνάκρισις is the technical term for the preliminary investigation by a magistrate.
mvp-sidgwick-173-8-1
(3)
Bloody hateful race, i.e. as Schol. explains,
the race of murderers: the whole passage from
l. 348
being a general description of the office of the Furies and their relation to the gods. [H. P. and others refer ἔθνοs to Furies: but they would hardly call themselves ἀξιώμισον.]
mvp-sidgwick-173-9-1
The whole passage may then be translated as follows:
And eager to lighten another of this charge,
And by our care to set free the gods,
And that [it] come not to trial:
For with this bloody hateful troop
Zeus deigns not to commune.
μάλα
with
ἁλομένα
:
For mightily indeed leaping from on high
I bring down the weighty power of my foot-
Limbs which trip even the swiftest runner, -
The emendation adopted [
ὅμως
inserted and
μάταν
, see above
l. 359
] is almost necessary to give the right sense,
even though they fly swiftly.
ὑπ᾿ αἰθέρι
,
beneath the sky, i.e. when they are living on earth.
κατὰ γᾶν
,
on earth, is the MS. reading: but as Hermann said, the sense
below the earth, κατὰ γᾶs, is required in antithesis to ὑπ᾿ αἰθέρι. The same mistake occurs again
ll. 838, 871
.
ll. 375, 376
. Bold and imaginative expressions :
Before our black-robed assault,
And the vengeful measures of our foot;
i.e. [their human glories come to naught] when we the Furies attack them and weave these magic dances which make them our captive (as we are doing to Orestes).
mvp-sidgwick-177-1-1
After this line in the MSS. comes μάλα γὰρ οὖν . . . μάταν (
ll. 367-371
). It is possible that the words are repeated as a refrain both here and after
l. 380
.
λυμή
is the destruction which attacks his mind, and blinds him to the threatening evil;
τόδε
is best taken (not of the fall as many edd., which would be simply
πίπτων οὐκ οἶδεν
, but) of the presence and power of the Furies.
κνέφας
. is in apposition to
μύσος
, and is predicative: we should say,
So dark a cloud of pollution hovereth over him.
ἐπί
, Epic adverbial use (tmesis) of the preposition, going with the verb.
mvp-sidgwick-180-1-1
Again a highly imaginative and picturesque phrase which needs no alteration:
And the voice of many a groan
Proclaims against the house a mist of gloom.
The groans of the past victims are heard as it were making a horror of gloom about the house of wickedness.
μένει γάρ
,
for the law abides: so
μίμνει
Ag. 1563
. But it is obscure and abrupt: and possibly corrupted.
ἐσμέν
is easily understood:
Crafty are we, and unfailing to accomplish.
διόμεναι
is rather a strange word (though the English
to pursue a task or charge exactly illustrates it): hence Heath ingeniously suggested διέπο- μεν. But διόμεναι was read by Schol. and the MS. may stand.
ἀνηλίῳ λάμπᾳ
, lit.
in sunless light, an oxymoron, meaning
in a light which is no light,
where no sunlight shines. [Others translate
λάμπᾳ
,
filth,
mould; for there is a very late word λάμπη, 'scum; and Dind. adopts Wieseler's conj. λάπᾳ in the same sense. But the strain of meaning is very harsh, and the word in the last degree unlikely.]
δυσοδοπαίπαλα
is suspicious, as the metaphor is rather harsh (though perhaps continued from διόμεναι): the metre does not correspond with the antistrophe (καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα); and the double compound with δυσis unusual, indeed unique.
mvp-sidgwick-184-3-1
There are many suggestions to cure the metrical fault, δυσποροπ., δυσποδοπ., δυσμολοπ., δυσβατοπ., etc. But it is best to leave it.
mvp-sidgwick-185-1-1
Compare
ἀλαοῖσι καὶ δεδορκόσιν
l. 322
.
δοθέντα τέλεον
, adj. used proleptically,
granted for sure accomplishment.
mvp-sidgwick-187-1-1
Two syllables are wanting to make the metre correspond: and they are usually supplied among the iambics of
l. 394
, with adoption of Hermann's κύρω for κῠρῶ; but possibly
l. 394
is all right, and the loss is in
l. 395
.
mvp-sidgwick-187-2-1
[Enter Athena from above in the air.]