Persians. W. S. Teuffel. ed. N. Wecklein. . .
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Commentary (W. S. Teuffel; revised by N. Wecklein, 1886; German; OCR draft) (German) (Persians, explanatory commentary pp. 43–97. Single-witness OCR; source readings and all reference placements require scan review.)
Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.
Editions (7)
Πέρσαι First1KGreek (Aeschyli Tragoediae. Sidgwick, Arthur, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902.) — 1-64 focus
Χορος
Τάδε μὲν Περσῶν τῶν οἰχομένων
1
Ἑλλάδ᾽ ἐς αἶαν πιστὰ καλεῖται,
καὶ τῶν ἀφνεῶν καὶ πολυχρύσων
ἑδράνων φύλακες, κατὰ πρεσβείαν
οὓς αὐτὸς ἄναξ Ξέρξης βασιλεὺς
5
Δαρειογενὴς
1
εἵλετο χώρας ἐφορεύειν.
ἀμφὶ δὲ νόστῳ τῷ βασιλείῳ
καὶ πολυχρύσου
2
στρατιᾶς ἤδη
κακόμαντις ἄγαν ὀρσολοπεῖται
10
θυμὸς ἔσωθεν.
πᾶσα γὰρ ἰσχὺς Ἀσιατογενὴς
ᾤχωκε,
3
νέον δ᾽ ἄνδρα βαΰζει,
κοὔτε τις ἄγγελος οὔτε τις ἱππεὺς
ἄστυ τὸ Περσῶν ἀφικνεῖται:
15
οἵτε τὸ Σούσων ἠδ᾽ Ἀγβατάνων
4
καὶ τὸ παλαιὸν Κίσσιον
5
ἕρκος
προλιπόντες ἔβαν, τοὶ
6
μὲν ἐφ᾽ ἵππων,
τοὶ δ᾽ ἐπὶ ναῶν, πεζοί τε βάδην
πολέμου στῖφος παρέχοντες:
20
οἷος Ἀμίστρης ἠδ᾽ Ἀρταφρένης
7
καὶ Μεγαβάτης
8
ἠδ᾽ Ἀστάσπης,
ταγοὶ Περσῶν,
βασιλῆς βασιλέως ὕποχοι μεγάλου,
σοῦνται, στρατιᾶς πολλῆς ἔφοροι,
25
τοξοδάμαντές τ᾽ ἠδ᾽ ἱπποβάται,
φοβεροὶ μὲν ἰδεῖν, δεινοὶ δὲ μάχην
ψυχῆς εὐτλήμονι
9
δόξῃ:
Ἀρτεμβάρης θ᾽ ἱππιοχάρμης
καὶ Μασίστης,
10
ὅ τε τοξοδάμας
30
ἐσθλὸς Ἰμαῖος, Φαρανδάκης θ᾽,
ἵππων τ᾽ ἐλατὴρ Σοσθάνης.
ἄλλους δ᾽ ὁ μέγας καὶ πολυθρέμμων
Νεῖλος ἔπεμψεν: Σουσισκάνης,
Πηγασταγὼν Αἰγυπτογενής,
35
ὅ τε τῆς ἱερᾶς Μέμφιδος ἄρχων
μέγας Ἀρσάμης, τάς τ᾽ ὠγυγίους
Θήβας ἐφέπων Ἀριόμαρδος,
καὶ ἑλειοβάται ναῶν ἐρέται
δεινοὶ πλῆθός τ᾽ ἀνάριθμοι.
40
41
ἁβροδιαίτων δ᾽ ἕπεται Λυδῶν
ὄχλος, οἵτ᾽ ἐπίπαν ἠπειρογενὲς
κατέχουσιν ἔθνος, τοὺς Μιτρογαθὴς
11
Ἀρκτεύς τ᾽ ἀγαθός, βασιλῆς δίοποι,
καὶ πολύχρυσοι Σάρδεις ἐπόχους
45
πολλοῖς ἅρμασιν ἐξορμῶσιν,
δίρρυμά τε καὶ τρίρρυμα
12
τέλη,
φοβερὰν ὄψιν προσιδέσθαι.
ζυγὸν ἀμφιβαλεῖν δούλιον
15
Ἑλλάδι,
50
Μάρδων, Θάρυβις, λόγχης ἄκμονες,
καὶ ἀκοντισταὶ Μυσοί: Βαβυλὼν δ᾽
ἡ πολύχρυσος πάμμικτον ὄχλον
πέμπει σύρδην, ναῶν τ᾽ ἐπόχους
καὶ
16
τοξουλκῷ λήματι πιστούς:
55
τὸ μαχαιροφόρον τ᾽ ἔθνος ἐκ πάσης
Ἀσίας ἕπεται
δειναῖς βασιλέως ὑπὸ πομπαῖς.
τοιόνδ᾽ ἄνθος Περσίδος αἴας
οἴχεται ἀνδρῶν,
60
θρέψασα πόθῳ στένεται μαλερῷ,
τοκέες τ᾽ ἄλοχοί θ᾽ ἡμερολεγδὸν
τείνοντα χρόνον τρομέονται.
Πέρσαι Perseus (Aeschylus, Volume 1. Smyth, Herbert Weir, editor. London; New York: William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1922.) — 1-64 focus
Χορός
Τάδε μὲν Περσῶν τῶν οἰχομένων
1
Ἑλλάδʼ ἐς αἶαν πιστὰ καλεῖται,
καὶ τῶν ἀφνεῶν καὶ πολυχρύσων
ἑδράνων φύλακες, κατὰ πρεσβείαν
οὓς αὐτὸς ἄναξ Ξέρξης βασιλεὺς
5
Δαρειογενὴς
εἵλετο χώρας ἐφορεύειν.
ἀμφὶ δὲ νόστῳ τῷ βασιλείῳ
καὶ πολυχρύσου στρατιᾶς ἤδη
κακόμαντις ἄγαν ὀρσολοπεῖται
10
θυμὸς ἔσωθεν.
πᾶσα γὰρ ἰσχὺς Ἀσιατογενὴς
ᾤχωκε, νέον δʼ ἄνδρα βαΰζει,
κοὔτε τις ἄγγελος οὔτε τις ἱππεὺς
ἄστυ τὸ Περσῶν ἀφικνεῖται·
15
οἵτε τὸ Σούσων ἠδʼ Ἀγβατάνων
καὶ τὸ παλαιὸν Κίσσιον ἕρκος
προλιπόντες ἔβαν, τοὶ μὲν ἐφʼ ἵππων.
τοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ ναῶν, πεζοί τε βάδην
πολέμου στῖφος παρέχοντες·
20
οἷος Ἀμίστρης ἠδʼ Ἀρταφρένης
καὶ Μεγαβάτης ἠδʼ Ἀστάσπης,
ταγοὶ Περσῶν,
βασιλῆς βασιλέως ὕποχοι μεγάλου,
σοῦνται, στρατιᾶς πολλῆς ἔφοροι,
25
τοξοδάμαντές τʼ ἠδʼ ἱπποβάται,
φοβεροὶ μὲν ἰδεῖν, δεινοὶ δὲ μάχην
ψυχῆς εὐτλήμονι δόξῃ·
Ἀρτεμβάρης θʼ ἱππιοχάρμης
καὶ Μασίστρης, ὅ τε τοξοδάμας
30
ἐσθλὸς Ἰμαῖος, Φαρανδάκης θʼ,
ἵππων τʼ ἐλατὴρ Σοσθάνης.
ἄλλους δʼ ὁ μέγας καὶ πολυθρέμμων
Νεῖλος ἔπεμψεν· Σουσισκάνης,
Πηγασταγὼν Αἰγυπτογενής,
35
ὅ τε τῆς ἱερᾶς Μέμφιδος ἄρχων
μέγας Ἀρσάμης, τάς τʼ ὠγυγίους
Θήβας ἐφέπων Ἀριόμαρδος,
καὶ ἑλειοβάται ναῶν ἐρέται
δεινοὶ πλῆθός τʼ ἀνάριθμοι.
40
41
Χορός
ἁβροδιαίτων δʼ ἕπεται Λυδῶν
ὄχλος, οἵ τʼ ἐπίπαν ἠπειρογενὲς
κατέχουσιν ἔθνος, τοὺς Μητρογαθὴς
Ἀρκτεύς τʼ ἀγαθός, βασιλῆς δίοποι,
καὶ πολύχρυσοι Σάρδεις ἐπόχους
45
πολλοῖς ἅρμασιν ἐξορμῶσιν,
δίρρυμά τε καὶ τρίρρυμα τέλη,
φοβερὰν ὄψιν προσιδέσθαι.
στεῦται δʼ ἱεροῦ Τμώλου πελάται
ζυγὸν ἀμφιβαλεῖν δούλιον Ἑλλάδι,
50
Μάρδων, Θάρυβις, λόγχης ἄκμονες,
καὶ ἀκοντισταὶ Μυσοί· Βαβυλὼν δʼ
ἡ πολύχρυσος πάμμικτον ὄχλον
πέμπει σύρδην, ναῶν τʼ ἐπόχους
καὶ τοξουλκῷ λήματι πιστούς·
55
τὸ μαχαιροφόρον τʼ ἔθνος ἐκ πάσης
Ἀσίας ἕπεται
δειναῖς βασιλέως ὑπὸ πομπαῖς.
τοιόνδʼ ἄνθος Περσίδος αἴας
οἴχεται ἀνδρῶν,
60
οὓς πέρι πᾶσα χθὼν Ἀσιῆτις
θρέψασα πόθῳ στένεται μαλερῷ,
τοκέες τʼ ἄλοχοί θʼ ἡμερολεγδὸν
τείνοντα χρόνον τρομέονται.
Πέρσαι (OCR draft) Experimental (Πέρσαι. Guilielmus Dindorfius, 1882.) — 41 focus
ἁβροδιαίτων δ᾽ ἕπεται Λυδῶν
ὄχλος, οἵτ᾽ ἐπίπαν ἠπειρογενὲς
κατέχουσιν ἔθνος, τοὺς Μιτρογάθης
Ἀρκτεύς τ᾽ ἀγαθὸς, βασιλῆς δίοποι,
καὶ πολύχρυσοι Σάρδεις ἐπόχους
45
πολλοῖς ἅρμασιν ἐξορμῶσιν,
δίρρυμά τε καὶ τρίρρυμα τέλη,
φοβερὰν ὄψιν προσιδέσθαι.
στεῦται δ᾽ ἱεροῦ Τμώλου πελάται
ζυγὸν ἀμφιβαλεῖν δούλιον Ἑλλάδι,
50
Μάρδων, θάρυβις, λόγχης ἄκμονες,
καὶ ἀκουτισταὶ Μυσοί· Βαβυλὼν δ᾽
ἡ πολύχρυσος πάμμικτον ὄχλου
πέμπει σύρδην, ναῶν τ᾽ ἐπόχους·
τοξουλκῷ λήματι πιστούς·
55
Πέρσαι (OCR draft) Experimental (Πέρσαι. Gottfried Hermann, 1852.) — 41 focus
Χορὸς Γερόντων.
Ασίας ἕπεται
δειναῖς βασιλέως ὑπὸ πομπαῖς.
τοιόνδ᾽ ἄνθος Περσίδος αἴας
60
οἴχεται ἀνδρῶν·
οὓς πέρι πᾶσα χθὼν Ασιῆτις
θρέψασα πόθῳ στένεται μαλερῷ,
τοκέες δ᾽ ἄλοχοί θ' ἡμερολεγδὸν
τείνοντα χρόνον τρομέονται.
65
ΠΕΡΣΑΙ (OCR draft) Experimental (ΠΕΡΣΑΙ. Paul Mazon, 1920-1925.) — 41 focus
ἁβροδιαίτων δ' ἕπεται Λυδῶν
ὄχλος, οἵτ' ἐπίπαν ἠπειρογενὲς
κατέχουσιν ἔθνος, τοὺς
Μητρογάθης
μιτρο-
μιθρο-
μιστρο-
μιτρα-
μητραγαθής
Ἀρκτεύς
ἀρκεύς τ' ἀγαθός, βασιλῆς δίοποι,
καὶ πολύχρυσοι Σάρδεις ἐπόχους
45
πολλοῖς ἅρμασιν ἐξορμῶσιν,
δίρρυμά τε καὶ τρίρρυμα τέλη,
φοβερὰν ὄψιν προσιδέσθαι·
στεῦται
στεῦνται δ' ἱεροῦ Τμώλου πελάται
ζυγὸν ἀμφιβαλεῖν
δούλιον
δούλειον Ἑλλάδι,
50
Μάρδων, θάρυβις, λόγχης ἄκμονες,
καὶ ἀκοντισταὶ Μυσοί· Βαβυλὼν δ'
ΧΟΡΟΣ
ἡ πολύχρυσος
πάμμεικτον
πάμμικτον ὄχλον
πέμπει σύρδην, ναῶν τ' ἐπόχους
καὶ τοξουλκῷ λήματι πιστούς·
55
τὸ μαχαιροφόρον τ' ἔθνος ἐκ πάσης
Ἀσίας ἕπεται
δειναῖς βασιλέως ὑπὸ πομπαῖς.
Τοιόνδ' ἄνθος Περσίδος αἴας
οἴχεται ἀνδρῶν, οὓς πέρι πᾶσα
60
χθὼν Ἀσιῆτις θρέψασα πόθῳ
στένεται μαλερῷ, τοκέες τ' ἄλοχοί θ'
ἡμερολεγδὸν
τείνοντα χρόνον τρομέονται.
Πέρσαι (OCR draft) Experimental (Πέρσαι. N. Wecklein, 1885.) — 41 focus
Aeschyli Persae (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschyli Persae. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, 1914.) — 41 focus
Testim.:
Apparatus Criticus
᾿Αγβατάνων ᾿Εκβατάνων corr. Brunck. Κίσσιον κίσσιον Blomfield κίσσινον καὶ τὸ παλαιὸn γρ. καὶ παλαιόν ναῶν ναῶν νηών Αμίστρης ἀμνίστρης Αρταφρένης ἀρταφέρνης Μεγαβάτης μεταβάτης μεγαβάζης Αστάσπης ἀστάσπης ἀστάπης ἀστάσπις τ' om δ’ εὐτλήμονι εὐτλήμονι ἐν τλ. Φαρανδάκης φαρενδάκης τ' om Σοσθάνης σοσθ. σωσθ. σουσθ. σολωσθένης πολυθρέμμων γρ. πολυθέμων ὁ πολλὰ θέματα ἔχων Πηγαστάγων πηγὰς ταγών sed Αγρ non ΑΡ Αἰγυπτογενής Αἰγυπτογενής αἰγυπτιογ. ὠγυγίους ὠγυγίας ἀνάριθμοι ἀνάριθμον
ΧΟ.
κατέχουσιν ἔθνος, τοὺς Μητρογαθής
᾿Αρκτεύς τ᾽ ἀγαθός, βασιλῆς δίοποι,
καὶ πολύχρυσοι Σάρδεις ἐπόχους
45
πολλοῖς ἅρμασιν ἐξορμῶσιν,
δίρρυμά τε καὶ τρίρρυμα τέλη,
φοβερὰν ὄψιν προσιδέσθαι.
στεῦται δ᾽ ἱεροῦ Τμώλου πελάται
Ζυγὸν ἀμφιβαλεῖν δούλιον ῾Ελλάδι,
50
Μάρδων, θάρυβις, λόγχης ἄκμονες,
καὶ ἀκοντισταὶ Μυσοί· Βαβυλών
δ᾽ ἡ πολύχρυσος πάμμεικτον ὄχλον
πέμπει σύρδην, ναῶν τ᾽ ἐπόχους
καὶ τοξουλκῶι λήματι πιστούς·
55
τὸ μαχαιροφόρον τ᾽ ἔθνος ἐκ πάσης
᾿Ασίας ἕπεται
δειναῖς βασιλέως ὑπὸ πομπαῖς.
τοιόνδ᾽ ἄνθος Περσίδος αἴας
οἴχεται ἀνδρῶν,
60
οὓς πέρι πᾶσα χθὼν ᾿Ασιῆτις
θρέψασα πόθωι στένεται μαλερῶι
τοκέης τ᾽ ἄλοχοί θ᾽ ἡμερολεγδὸν
τείνοντα χρόνον τρομέονται.
Translations (9)
Persians Perseus (Aeschylus, Volume 1. Smyth, Herbert Weir, translator. London; New York: William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1922. (Modernized by Perseus.)) — 1-60 focus
Chorus
Here we are, the faithful Council of the Persians, who have gone to the land of
Hellas
, we who serve as warders of the royal abode, rich in bountiful store of gold,
1
we whom Xerxes, our King, Darius’ royal son, himself selected, by virtue of our rank and years, to be the guardians of his realm.
Yet as regards the return of our King and of his host, so richly decked out in gold,
5
the soul within my breast is distressed and presages disaster. For the whole populace of the Asian nation has come and murmurs against its youthful King, nor does any courier or horseman
10
arrive at the city of the Persians, who left behind them the walled defence of
Susa
and
Agbatana
and Cissa’s ancient ramparts, and went forth, some on horseback, some in galleys, others on foot
15
presenting a dense array of war.
Such are Amistres and Artaphrenes and Megabates and Astaspes, marshals of the Persians; kings themselves, yet vassals of the Great King,
20
they press on, commanders of an enormous host, skilled in archery and horsemanship, formidable to look upon and fearful in battle through the valiant resolve of their souls. Artembares, too, who fights from his chariot,
25
and Masistres, and noble Imaeus, skilled with the bow, and Pharandaces, and Sosthanes, who urges on his steeds. Others in addition the mighty, fecund
Nile
sent forth — Susiscanes,
30
Pegastagon of Egyptian lineage, mighty Arsames, lord of sacred
Memphis
, Ariomardus, governor of ancient
Thebes
, and the marsh-dwelling oarsmen,
35
well-skilled and countless in number.
40
41
Behind them follows a throng of luxurious Lydians and those
1
who hold in subjection all the people of the mainland, whom Metrogathes and brave Arcteus, their regal commanders,
and
Sardis
rich in gold sent forth, riding in many a chariot, in ranks with three and four steeds abreast, a spectacle terrible to behold. They too who live by sacred Tmolus pledge themselves
45
to cast the yoke of slavery upon Hellas—Mardon, Tharybis, anvils of the lance, and the Mysians, hurlers of the javelin.
Babylon
, also, teeming with gold, sends a mixed host arrayed in a long line, both mariners borne in galleys
50
and those who rely on their skill in archery. The nation too which wears the sabre follows from every part of
Asia
in the fearful procession of the King.
Such are the warriors, the flower of the Persian land,
55
who have departed, and in fierce longing for them the whole land of
Asia
, their foster-nurse, laments, while parents and wives, as they count the days, shudder at the lengthening delay.
60
Yet as regards the return of our King and of his host, so richly decked out in gold,
Such are Amistres and Artaphrenes and Megabates and Astaspes, marshals of the Persians; kings themselves, yet vassals of the Great King,
Such are the warriors, the flower of the Persian land,
The Persians. (OCR draft) Experimental (The Persians.. Theodore Alois Buckley, 1849.) — 41 focus
LES PERSES (OCR draft) Experimental (LES PERSES. Paul Mazon, 1920-1925.) — 41 focus
Derrière suit la foule des Lydiens délicats, qui dominent tous les peuples de leur continent
1
. Les preux Métrogathès,
Arcteus, connétables rois, et Sardes, la cité de l'or, les envoient au combat sur des milliers de chars à quatre et six chevaux rangés en escadrons, spectacle de terreur.
Les voisins du Tmôlos sacré se flattent aussi de jeter sur
la Grèce le joug de l'esclavage, Mardôn, Tharybis, enclumes de la lance
2
, avec leurs Mysiens, lanceurs de javelots. Et de Babylone, autre cité de l'or, arrive en torrent une foule
Arcteus, connétables rois, et Sardes, la cité de l'or, les envoient au combat sur des milliers de chars à quatre et six chevaux rangés en escadrons, spectacle de terreur.
la Grèce le joug de l'esclavage, Mardôn, Tharybis, enclumes de la lance 2 , avec leurs Mysiens, lanceurs de javelots. Et de Babylone, autre cité de l'or, arrive en torrent une foule
LE CORYPHÉE
confuse, marins sur des nefs, soldats pleins de foi dans l'arc
qu'ils bandent d'une main résolue. Et, derrière eux, accourant de l'Asie entière, vient le peuple à la courte épée, docile aux mandements terribles du Roi.
Ainsi s'en est allée la fleur des guerriers du pays de
Perse, et sur eux la terre d'Asie, qui fut leur nourrice, gémit toute d'un regret ardent, cependant que parents, épouses, en comptant les jours, frémissent du temps qui s'allonge.
Large et languissant.
qu'ils bandent d'une main résolue. Et, derrière eux, accourant de l'Asie entière, vient le peuple à la courte épée, docile aux mandements terribles du Roi.
Perse, et sur eux la terre d'Asie, qui fut leur nourrice, gémit toute d'un regret ardent, cependant que parents, épouses, en comptant les jours, frémissent du temps qui s'allonge.
LE CHŒUR
Sans
Sans
The Persians (OCR draft) Experimental (The Persians. Robert Potter, 1779.) — 41 focus
Drawn from their watry marſhes numbers train'd
45
To the ſtout oar.
Next theſe the Lycian troops,
Soft ſons of luxury; and thoſe that dwell
Amidſt the inland foreſts, from the ſea
Far diſtant; theſe Metragathes commands,
50
And virtuous Arceus, royal chiefs, that ſhine
In burniſh'd gold, and many' a whirling car
Drawn by ſix generous ſteeds from Sardis lead,
A glorious, and a dreadful ſpectacle.
And from the foot of Tmolus, ſacred mount,
55
Eager to bind on Greece the ſervile yoke,
Mardon and Tharybis the maſſy ſpear
Graſp with unwearied vigor;
Eschilo, I Persiani: traduzione italiana di Ettore Romagnoli (OCR draft) Experimental (Eschilo, I Persiani: traduzione italiana di Ettore Romagnoli. Ettore Romagnoli, 1922.) — 41 focus
E Mardonio e Taríbide, incudini
delle lance al cozzar, che dimorano
presso a Tmolo santissima, e i Misî
55
lanciator' di zagaglie, minacciano
pure all'Ellade il giogo servile.
Babilonia che sfolgora d'oro,
inviò lunghe turbe commiste,
e su navi i guerrieri sicuri
60
nell'ardire che lancia le frecce.
E ogni gente che stringa la spada,
dall'Asia universa
segue gli ordini fieri del Re.
Tale fiore di giovani mosse
65
dalle plaghe di Persia.
E per essi
tutta or piange la terra asïàna
che nutriali, ch'or n'arde di brama.
Ed il tempo che tanto prolungasi
70
i padri e le spose
giorno a giorno misurano, e tremano.
Aeschylus, Persae: versio Latina Ioannis Sanravii (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Persae: versio Latina Ioannis Sanravii. Ioannes Sanravius, 1555.) — 41 focus
Chorus
Continent gentem, hoc Metragates
Arcas bonus, reges præfecți,
Et diuites Sardij uectores,
Multis curribus impellunt,
Duplicem triplicem ordinem
45
Terribile fpectaculum uiſu,
Pollicentur facri Tmoli clientes,
Iugum feruile inijcere Græciæ.
Mardon, Arybis, baſte indefeſsi,
Et iaculatores Myfi.Babylon
50
Verò locuples permixtam turbam
Mittit impetuose, er nauium infeffores,
Et iaculatoria arte audaces.
Ensifera natio ex tota
Aſia ſequitur
55
Graues regis apparatus:
Talis flos uirorum Perſide terre proficifcitur,
Quos omnis terra Aſiatica
Alens, luget amore feruido.
Parentes uxores numcratum
60
Tempus productum timent.
The Persians (OCR draft) Experimental (The Persians. Anna Swanwick, 1886.) — 20 focus
ATOSSA
Dreadful thy words to parents whose sons to war are sped.
CHORUS
But soon, if I mistake not, thou the whole truth shalt learn,
For here a courier speedeth whose gait proclaimeth him
250
Persian, and he will bring us clear news of weal or woe.
MESSENGER
O fenced homes of all the Asian earth,
O soil of Persia, haven of vast wealth,
How by one stroke our full prosperity
Hath shatter'd been, and blighted Persia's flower.
Woeful his office first who heralds woe!
Yet all our sorrow must I needs unfold.—
Persians! the whole barbaric host is lost.
CHORUS
STROPHE I.
Grievous, O grievous woe,
260
Strange, dismal overthrow,
Weep, Persians, hearing of this dreadful blow.
STROPHE I.
MESSENGER
Yonder our all is ruined utterly
Myself, past hope returning, view the light.
CHORUS
ANTISTROPHE I.
Oppressed by weight of years,
Too long our life appears,
When this unlooked-for woe assails our ears.
ANTISTROPHE I.
MESSENGER
Present myself, not hearing others' words,
Persians! I can report what ills befel.
CHORUS
STROPHE II.
In vain, alas, in vain,
270
That many-nationed, diverse-weaponed band,
Against illustrious Hellas' land,
From Asia sped amain.
STROPHE II.
MESSENGER
Corpses of men ill-fated choke the coasts
Of Salamis, and all the region near.
CHORUS
ANTISTROPHE II.
Woe for their end forlorn!
The bodies, thou dost say, of dear ones lost,
Full oft immersed, in death are tost,
By floating robes upborne.
*
ANTISTROPHE II.
MESSENGER
Nothing our bows availed; but all our host
280
Perished, by shock o'ercome of naval prows.
CHORUS
STROPHE III.
Shriek out a bitter wail
For those in death laid low;
How have the gods in all things wrought us bale!
†
Woe for the perished army! woe!
STROPHE III.
MESSENGER
O, Salamis, most hateful name to hear!
Athens, alas! remembering thee I groan.
CHORUS
ANTISTROPHE III.
O Athens, name of dread
To foes! For we recall
How many wives of Persia vainly wed,
290
By her are widows made, bereft of all.
ANTISTROPHE III.
ATOSSA
Long have I silence kept, struck down by ills,
Wretched:—for so transcendent this mischance,
Our grief may be nor told nor questioned of.
Yet mortals needs must bear calamities
Sent by the gods; wherefore, our sum of loss
Unfolding, though thou groanest at our ills,
Yet in well-ordered narrative rehearse
Who hath from death escaped; whom must we wail
Of princely leaders that the truncheon held
300
Who now, by death hath left his post unmanned.
MESSENGER
Xerxes himself still lives and sees the light.
ATOSSA
Great light, in sooth, thou speakest to my house,
And day clear shining, after murky night.
MESSENGER
But Artembares, lord of myriad horse,
'Gainst the Sileni's rugged shores is dashed;
And Dadaces, the chiliarch, spear-struck,
Forth from his galley leapt with nimble bound.
And Tenagon, of Bactria's true stock
Bravest, the sea-lash'd isle of Ajax haunts.
310
Lilaios, Arsames, Argestes, these
Round the dove-nurturing island overpowered,
On the hard coast lay butting to and fro.
Neighbour to Egypt's Nile-springs, Arkteus too,
Adeues, Pheresseues, Pharnuchos,
All these together from one vessel fell.
Chrysian Matallos, captain of vast hosts,
Leader of thrice ten thousand sable horse,
In death his ruddy beard, bushy and thick,
With purple gore distaining, changed its hue.
320
The Magian Arabos, and Artames,
From Bactria, settler on a rugged soil,
There perished. Wielder of no idle spear,
Amphistreus, and the doughty Ariomard,
By Sardis mourned; Amistris, Seisames,
The Mysian;—of five times fifty ships
Commander, Tharybis, in Lyrna born,
A comely man, no mark for envy now,
Prone lies in death. Foremost in valour too,
Syennesis, Cilicia's host who led,
330
Whose single prowess wrought the foe most bale,
A glorious end hath found. I of such chiefs
Now make report; but mid the throng of ills
Which overwhelm us, I relate but few.
ATOSSA
Woe! woe! The very crown of ills, I hear,
To Persians shame and matter for shrill wail;
But on thy track returning, tell me this,
How great the number of the Hellenès' fleet,
That they with Persia's armament should dare
Battle to join in shock of naval prows?
MESSENGER
Had conquest waited upon numbers, queen,
Then Persia's ships were victor, for the fleet
340
Of Hellas counted but three hundred ships,
*
And other ten selected, in reserve.
But Xerxes, this I know, led fifty score,
While those for swiftness most pre-eminent
Two hundred were and seven: such the tale.
Seem we to thee the weaker in this battle?
Rather some power divine destroyed the host,
The scale depressing with unequal fortune.
Gods save the city of the goddess, Pallas.
ATOSSA
Is then the Athenians' city still unsack'd?
†
350
MESSENGER
Her sons surviving, she firm bulwark hath.
ATOSSA
What the commencement of the sea-fight? Say.
Did the Hellenès first the onset lead,
Or did my son, proud of innumerous ships?
MESSENGER
All our disaster, Queen! from spirit of ill
Or vengeful power, none knoweth whence, began.
For a Hellene from out the Athenian host
Came to thy son, to Xerxes, with this tale,
*
That when the gloom of dusky night set in,
The Hellenès would not stay, but, springing straight
360
On to the benches of their ships, would seek,
Some here, some there, safety by secret flight.
But he, when he had heard, perceiving not
The Hellenic guile, or envy of the gods,
To all his captains issues this command;
When with his beams the sun to scorch the earth
Should cease, and darkness hold the expanse of sky,
Their squadrons they should marshal in three lines,
Guarding the outlets and the billowy straits,
And others station around Aias' isle:—
370
For did the Hellenès 'scape a wretched fate,
Finding by stealth an outlet for their ships,
Stern was the warning,-every head should fall.—
*
Such words he spake from mind infatuate,
For what impended from the gods he knew not.
And they, without disorder, but with minds
Obedient to command, their meal prepared,
And round true-fitting lock each mariner
Strapp'd well his oar. But when the sunlight waned
And night came on, each master of an oar
‡
380
Went to his ship, and each one versed in arms;
Of the long galleys line still cheering line,
Forth sail they, as to each had been prescribed.
And through the live-long night the admirals,
With naval force entire, cruised to and fro.
Darkness advanced, yet not in secret flight
Ionia's host was minded to escape;
But when white-steeded Day, bright to behold,
Held the wide earth, from the Hellenes first,
Like joyous chant, rang out their battle-cry,
390
And forthwith Echo, from the island rocks,
Sent back responsive an inspiring shout.
On all the Persians, cheated in their hopes,
Fell terror; for by no means as in flight
Their solemn pæan did th' Hellenes sing,
395
But with stout courage speeding to the fray.
The trumpet's blare fired all their ranks, and straight,
With simultaneous dip of sounding oar,
They at the signal smote the surging brine,
And instant all conspicuous were to sight.
400
First the right wing, well marshall'd, took the lead:
Then their whole naval force in fair array
Bore down against us. All at once was heard
A mighty shout: "Sons of Hellenès, on,
Your country free, your children free, your wives,
The temples of your fathers' deities,
Your tombs ancestral; for your all ye fight."
And from our side clamour of Persian speech
In answer rose; no time was then for pause,
But instant galley against galley dashed
410
Her armature of brass. A ship of Hellas
Led the encounter, and from Punic barque
Sheared her high crest. Thereon as fortune led,
Ship drave on ship; at first the Persian host,
A mighty flood, made head; but soon their ships
Thronged in the strait, of mutual aid bereft,
Each against other dashed with brazen beak,
Crushing the oar-banks of their proper fleet;
While the Hellenès ships, not without skill,
Circling around them smote: dead hulks of ships
420
Floated keel-upwards, and, with wrecks o'erstrewn
And slaughtered men, lost was the sea from sight,
Ay, shores and reefs were crowded with the dead.
In flight disordered every ship was rowed,
Poor remnant of the Persian armament.
Then as men strike at tunnies, or a haul
Of captured fishes, the Hellenès, armed
With splint of oar, or fragment from the wreck,
Batter'd, and clave with dislocating blows.
Shrieks and loud wailing filled the ocean brine,
Till all 'neath eye of swarthy night was lost.
430
But all our losses, though for ten whole days
I told them over, could I not recount.
Of this be sure, that never in one day
Perished of men so vast a multitude.
ATOSSA
Woe! Woe! Of ills a mighty sea hath burst
On Persia, and on all the Asian race.
MESSENGER
Be thou assured, but half our loss thou knowest;
Upon them came calamity so vast
As twice to overweigh the ills yet told.
ATOSSA
What Fortune could than this more hostile be?
440
Say, what this woe which came, as thou dost state,
Upon the host, charged with still heavier bale?
MESSENGER
All Persia's sons, in fairest bloom of life,
Bravest of soul, pre-eminent by birth,
And to the king himself still first in trust,—
These died ignobly, by inglorious doom.
ATOSSA
Ah wretched me, my friends, for deadly chance!
But say, what form of ruin these o'erwhelm'd?
MESSENGER
An isle there is that fronteth Salamis,
Small, with bad anchorage, whose sea-washed beach
450
Dance-loving Pan doth haunt; thither the King
Sendeth these chiefs, that, when the worsted foe
Should in the isle seek safety, Persia's sons
Might slay the host of Hellas, easy prey,
And from the briny channels save their friends,
Ill-guessing the to-come: for when the god
The Hellenès crowned with glory of the fight,
On that same day, with shields of well-wrought brass
Fencing their bodies, from their ships they leapt,
And the whole isle encompassed; so our men
460
Knew not which way to turn; oft time by stones
Pelted from foeman's hand, while arrows keen,
Thick raining from the bow-string, smote them down;
Rushing at last with simultaneous shout,
The Hellenès hacked and carved the victims' limbs,
Till they, poor wretches, all of life were reaved.
But Xerxes groaned, seeing the depth of ills;
For on a lofty height, hard by the sea,
His seat he held, o'erlooking all the host.
His garments rending, a shrill cry he raised,
470
To his land troops forthwith dispatch'd command,
And sped in flight disordered. Thine it is
To wail this sorrow added to the first.
ATOSSA
O hateful Demon, how thou hast belied
The hopes of Persians! Bitter punishment
'Gainst famous Athens hath my son devised;
Nor did the deaths suffice of Asia's host
Whom Marathon destroyed; for them my son
Thought to exact requital, but instead,
Upon himself hath drawn this host of ills.
480
But speak, the ships that have destruction 'scaped,—
Where didst thou leave them? This canst clearly tell?
MESSENGER
Of the surviving ships the captains straight
Before the wind took flight in disarray.
But of the host the remnant met their death
In the Bœotians' land. Some pressed with thirst
Round sparkling fount, some breathless, spent by toil.
*
Thence crossed we over to the Phocian land,
To soil of Doris and the Melian gulf,
Whose plain Spercheios' stream with kindly draught
Waters; thereafter the Achaian soil,
490
And cities of Thessalians us received,
Straitened for food; there died the greater part
Of thirst and hunger, for both ills befel.
Magnesia and the Macedonian land
Traversed we then, far as to Axios' ford,
To Bolbe's marshy reed, and to the height
Of Mount Pangaios and the Edonian land;
But on that night, winter, out of due time,
Some god aroused, who Strymon's holy stream
Through its whole course congealed; then who before
The gods had held for nought, with fervent prayers
500
Invoked them now, bowing to earth and sky.
When from their frequent orisons the host
Had ceased, the stream's firm crystal straight they cross;
Then those among us who their march began,
Ere the god darted forth his rays, were saved;
For, flaming with his beams, the sun's bright orb
Pierced the mid river, warming with his blaze;
Then each on other fell, and blest was he
Whoever earliest snapt the breath of life.
But the poor remnant, they who safety found,
510
With toil and many a hardship crossing Thrace,
Rescued, arrive, not many, to a land
Of hearths domestic. Now let Susa groan,
Sore yearning for our country's much-loved youth.
True are these things, but many ills untold
I leave, which God upon the Persians hurled.
1
CHORUS
O baleful Demon! with what heavy weight
Thy feet have trampled on all Persia's race!
ATOSSA
Ah, woe is me for ruin of the host!
Oh nightly vision manifest in dreams,
520
To me how surely didst thou ills portend!
To the Chorus.
But ye too lightly did interpret it. Nathless, since your response did sanction this, First, I desire to supplicate the gods; Then, bringing from my house libations, gifts To Earth and to the Manes, I will come; Too late, I know, for evils past recall, But more auspicious may the future prove! Meanwhile 'tis meet that, touching these events, Ye faithful counsel with the faithful hold.
530
My son, ere my return, should he arrive, Console ye, and escort him to his home, Lest to these ills some further ill accrue.
CHORUS
O sovereign Zeus, who Persia's host
Countless and boasting loud
Hast now destroyed,
Lo! Susa and Agbatana
By thee are wrapt in sorrow's murky shroud.
And many a maid her mantling vest
With tender hands now teareth;
540
While drenching tears bedew her breast,
The general grief that shareth.
And Persia's women, delicate in woe,
Longing their new-wed lords to see again,
Their bridal couch with dainty covers dight,
Abandon'd now, their tender youth's delight,
With sateless moan complain;
While I, in fitting strain,
Wail for the fates of those in death laid low.
STROPHE I.
548
For now all Asia moans, left desolate.
550
Xerxes led forth, woe! woe!
Xerxes hath all laid low!
Xerxes hath wrought malignant overthrow
To many a sea-borne raft.
Why did Darius rule unharmed the state,
Lord of the archers' craft,
Susa's beloved leader?
ANTISTROPHE I.
558
Landmen and seamen flax-winged galleys bare:
*
560
Galleys led forth; woe! woe!
Galleys wrought overthrow,
Galleys, by deadly crash of blue-faced prow,
But through Ionian hands.
The king hath 'scaped, we hear, by fortune rare,
Through Thracia's wide-spread lands;
Paths swept by storms of winter.
2
STROPHE II..
568
The first, alas! laid low,
570
Perforce unurned, woe! woe!
Around Kychreia's shores spray-drenchèd lie.
Pour the lament, uplift on high
To heaven deep notes of pain;
Raising the dismal cry,
Your voices strain.
ANTISTROPHE II.
576
By eddying currents torn,
Gnawed are their limbs, woe! woe!
By voiceless children of the unsullied deep.
580
Mourneth each dwelling, left forlorn;
Parents bereaved, and elders mourn
These heaven-sent griefs, and weep
Their sum of woe.
STROPHE III.
584
Already through all Asia's land
None owneth Persia's sway;
None, at their sovereign lord's command,
Henceforth will tribute pay:
Nor, falling prostrate, own his right
590
Them to enthrall; for kingly might
Hath passed away.
ANTISTROPHE III.
591
No more the tongue is guarded now
By mortals; from this hour,
Free are the throng to speak, I trow,
Since loosed the yoke of power;
And Aias' sea-encircled isle,
In blood-stained fields holds whaterewhile
Was Persia's flower.
STROPHE I.
ANTISTROPHE I.
STROPHE II..
ANTISTROPHE II.
STROPHE III.
ANTISTROPHE III.
ATOSSA
My friends, whoso is versed in sorrow, knows
600
That when on mortals comes a surge of ills,
Prone are they then to fear; but when the tide
Of fortune smoothly glides, fondly they trust
That the same fortune still will waft them on.
So now to me are all things full of fear;
Woes sent of Heaven are present to mine eyes;
Rings in mine ear a cry, no pæan strain:
Such terror from these evils scares my soul.
Wherefore without my car and wonted pomp,
Once more I issue from my home, and bring
610
To my son's royal sire, libations kind,
Whate'er is soothing to the honoured dead.
White milk, sweet draught from heifer undefiled;
The flower-distiller's dew, translucent honey,
And crystal water drawn from virgin spring;
Here joyance too I bring of ancient vine,
Draught unadulterate from mother wild;
From pale green olive-tree, that while it lives
With constant leafage blooms, this odorous fruit;
And wreathèd flowers, brood of all-teeming Earth.
620
But, O my friends, chant ye well-omened hymns
O'er these libations offered to the dead;
Darius' mighty ghost do ye invoke,
While I, these honours, which the earth shall drink,
Myself will send to deities below.
English (E. D. A. Morshead, 1908) (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Persians — Morshead translation. Wikisource transcription; speech corresp and card milestones aligned to Smyth perseus-grc2.) — 41 focus
And next, the dainty Lydians went—
Soft rulers of a continent—
Mitragathes and Arcteus bold
In twin command their ranks controlled,
And Sardis town, that teems with gold,
50
Sent forth its squadrons to the war—
Horse upon horse, and car on car,
Double and triple teams, they rolled,
In onset awful to behold.
From Tmolus' sacred hill there came
55
The native hordes to join the fray,
And upon Hellas' neck to lay
The yoke of slavery and shame;
Mardon and Tharubis were there,
Bright anvils for the foemen's spear!
60
The Mysian dart-men sped to war,
And the long crowd that onward rolled
From Babylon enriched with gold—
Captains of ships and archers skilled
To speed the shaft, and those who wield
65
The scimitar;—the eastern band
Who, by the great king's high command,
Swept to subdue the western land!
Gone are they, gone—ah, welladay!
The flower and pride of our array;
70
And all the Eastland, from whose breast
Came forth her bravest and her best,
Craves longingly with boding dread—
Parents for sons, and brides new-wed
For absent lords, and, day by day,
75
Shudder with dread at their delay!
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1854; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylos. Deutsch in den Versmaßen der Urschrift. Stuttgart: Hoffmann, 1854. Native Donner line citations, Smyth card correspondence, selected textual readings and metrical facsimiles. Remaining OCR differences and unattributed reading notes are documented in the linked review inventory.) — 41 focus
Ein üppiger Schwarm aus Lydia folgt
Mit den Völkern, die rings auf dem Festland hier
Anbauen das Feld, die Mitrogathes führt
Und Arkteus, Könige, waltend mit Macht;
45
Auch Sardes, die Goldstadt, sendet zum Kampf
Viel reisiges Volk auf Wagen daher,
Vierspännige Reih'n, sechsspännige Reih'n,
Ein grausenerregender Anblick!
Und die Schleudererschaar aus mysischen Gau'n
50
Und das Volk am heiligen Tmolos droht,
Will Hellas umfah'n mit der Knechtschaft Joch,
Von Mardon geführt, von Tharybis auch,
Ambossen des Speers. Auch Babylon schickt
Aus dem goldenen Sik in rauschendem Zug
55
Buntwimmelndes Volk, hier Kämpfer zu Schiff,
Dort Meister, der Kunst des Geschosses gewiß.
Aus Asia folgt, was im weiten Gebiet
Sich mit Schwertern bewehrt,
Dem gewaltigen Rufe des Königs.
60
Solch blühendes Volk aus Persis' Reich
Zog fern in den Kampf:
Ganz Asia seufzt als die Mutter um sie
In der Sehnsucht heißem, zermalmendem Schmerz,
Und es ängstigen sich um die schleichende Zeit
65
Tagzählende Frauen und Mütter.
Erste Strophe.
Notes on the current edition
Persians
Commentary
Critical apparatus to The Persians (OCR draft) (Latin and Greek critical apparatus to Gottfried Hermann's 1852 edition of The Persians.) focus
50.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg002-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-42
51.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg002-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-43
52.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg002-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-44
53.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg002-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-45
55.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg002-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-46
Commentary (W. S. Teuffel; revised by N. Wecklein, 1886; German; OCR draft) (Persians, explanatory commentary pp. 43–97. Single-witness OCR; source readings and all reference placements require scan review.) focus
1-64.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg002-teuffel-wecklein1886-com-ger1-1
21-58.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg002-teuffel-wecklein1886-com-ger1-5
49-55.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg002-teuffel-wecklein1886-com-ger1-9