Sophocles Electra 558

ed. Francis Storr

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Electra. Sophocles. ed. Francis Storr. London. 1913.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The Annenberg CPB/Project.

Current edition Experimental

Ἠλέκτρα (Greek) (Sophocles, Volume 2. Storr, Francis, editor. London; New York: William Heinemann Ltd.; The Macmillan Company, 1913.)

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (1)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 558 focus
καὶ δὴ λέγω σοι, πατέρα φὴς κτεῖναι. τίς ἂν
τούτου λόγος γένοιτ' ἂν αἰσχίων ἔτι ἐτ΄...? ἔτ᾽ ἂν L. ἔτι AFL2.,
εἴτ᾿ οὖν δικαίως εἴτε μή; λέξω δέ σοι,
560
ὡς οὐ οὖν L. δίκῃ γ᾽ ἔκτεινας, ἀλλά σ᾽ ἔσπασεν
πειθὼ πιθὼ L Pal. κακοῦ πρὸς ἀνδρός, ᾧ τανῦν ξύνει.
ἐροῦ δὲ τὴν κυναγὸν Ἄρτεμιν, τίνος
ποινὰς ποινῆς A. ποινὰς 13. ποινᾶς Γ Pal. V. τὰ πολλὰ πνεύματ᾽ ἔσχεν gl. ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐπέσχεν ἐν τῇ V'. Αὐλίδι ηὐδίωι L. αὐλίδι C.·
Translations (5)
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 558 focus
Then I will speak. You say you slew him. Where
Could there be found confession more depraved,
Even though the cause were righteous? But I’ll prove
No rightful vengeance drew thee to the deed,
But the vile bands of him you dwell with now.
Or ask the huntress Artemis, what sin
She punished, when she tied up all the winds
Round Aulis.—I will tell thee, for her voice
Thou ne’er may’st hear! ’Tis rumoured that my sire,
Sporting within the goddess’ holy ground,
His foot disturbed a dappled hart, whose death
Drew from his lips some rash and boastful word.
Wherefore Latona’s daughter in fell wrath
Stayed the army, that in quittance for the deer
My sire should slay at the altar his own child.
So came her sacrifice. The Achaean fleet
Had else no hope of being launched to Troy
560
Nor to their homes. Wherefore, with much constraint
560
And painful urging of his backward will,
560
Hardly he yielded;—not for his brother’s sake.
560
But grant thy speech were sooth, and all were done
560
In aid of Menelaüs; for this cause
560
Hadst thou the right to slay him? What high law
560
Ordaining? Look to it, in establishing
560
Such precedent thou dost not lay in store
Repentance for thyself. For if by right
One die for one, thou first wilt be destroyed
If Justice find thee.—But again observe
The hollowness of thy pretended plea.
Tell me, I pray, what cause thou dost uphold
In doing now the basest deed of all,
Chambered with the blood-guilty, with whose aid
Thou slewest our father in that day. For him
You now bear children—ousting from their right
The stainless offspring of a holy sire.
How should this plead for pardon? Wilt thou say
Thus thou dost ’venge thy daughter’s injury?
O shameful plea? Where is the thought of honour,
If foes are married for a daughter’s sake?—
Enough. No words can move thee. Thy rash tongue
With checkless clamour cries that we revile
Our mother. Nay, no mother, but the chief
Of tyrants to us! For my life is full
Of weariness and misery from thee
And from thy paramour. While he abroad,
Orestes, our one brother, who escaped
Hardly from thy attempt, unhappy boy!
Wears out his life, victim of cross mischance.
Oft hast thou taunted me with fostering him
To be thy punisher. And this, be sure,
Had I but strength, I had done. Now for this word,
Proclaim me what thou wilt,—evil in soul,
Or loud in cursing, or devoid of shame:
For if I am infected with such guilt,
Methinks my nature is not fallen from thine.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 558 focus
Wohlan, so red' ich. Du bekennst des Vaters Mord.
Wo gibt's ein grauenvoll'res Wort, als dieses ist,
Du möchtest Recht thun oder nicht? Doch sag' ich dir,
Es war ein Unrecht, dieser Mord! Dich hat verlockt,
545
Beschwazt der Frevler, dem du jezt als Weib gehörst.
Frag' Artemis, die Jägerin, um welche Schuld
Sie zürnend aller Winde Macht in Aulis band.
Nein, sag' ich's selbst; denn sie zu fragen ziemt sich nicht.
Mein Vater (also ward mir kund) erging sich einst
550
Im Hain der Göttin und erjagt' in raschem Lauf
Den bunten hochgehörnten Hirsch, und als er ihn
Erlegt, entfiel ihm prahlerisch ein stolzes Wort.
Drob zürnte Leto's Tochter ihm und hielt zurück 1
Das Heer Achäa's, bis der Vater als Ersaz
555
Des Wildes ihr die eigne Tochter opferte.
So wurde sie das Opfer; Nichts vermochte sonst
Heimwärts das Heer zu fördern oder Troja zu.
Hiefür, nach vielem Sträuben und gezwungen, gab
Er sie zum Opfer, aber für Menelaos nicht.
560
Doch wenn er denn nun red' ich auch in deinem Sinn -
Um ihm zu helfen, solches that: verdient' er wohl
Deßhalb den Tod von deiner Hand? Nach welchem Recht?
Bedenke, wenn du dies Gesez den Menschen gibst,
Ob du dir selbst nicht herbes Leid und Reue schaffst.
565
Denn wenn der Mord des Einen büßt des Andern Mord,
Stirbst du zuerst wohl, wenn es nach dem Rechte geht.
Doch siehe nur: welch eitlen Vorwand schaffst du dir!
Denn sage, (wenn es dir gefällt) warum du jezt
Der grauenvollsten Thaten dich erkühnen magst,
570
Du, die des Mörders Lager theilt, mit welchem du
Verbunden meinen Vater mir vordem erschlugst,
Mit dem du Kinder zeugest, und die ächten, einst 2
Aus ächter Eh' entspross'nen, ausgetrieben hast.
Wie könnt' ich dieses loben? Oder wirst du hier
575
Auch sagen, daß du Rache für die Tochter nahmst?
Schmach, es nur zu sagen! Denn nie ziemt es sich,
Der Tochter wegen einem Feind sich anzutrau'n.
Doch dich zurechtzuweisen ist mir nicht vergönnt;
Denn tausendfältig russt du, daß wir ungescheut
580
Die Mutter lästern; freilich dünkt es mich, du seist
Viel mehr die Herrin, als die Mutter, gegen uns:
In solcher Mühsal leb' ich, so durch deine Schuld
Und deines Buhlen duld' ich stets vielfache Noth.
So schleppt Orestes, deinen Händen kaum entfloh'n,
585
Auswärts in Jammer ein verlor'nes Leben hin,
Er, welchen ich dir, wie du mich schon oft gezieh'n,
Als Rachegeist erziehe: traun, vermöcht' ich das,
Ich thät' es, sei versichert! So verrufe mich
Vor aller Welt denn immerhin als arggesinnt,
590
Als zungenfrech, als ledig alles Schamgefühls.
Denn wenn ich dieser Laster wohlerfahren bin,
Gereich' ich deinem Stamme doch zur Schande nicht.
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 558 focus
Hast thou not confessed
That thou didst slay my father ? Whether justice
Approve or not, 'twas horrid to confess it :
But justice never could persuade thee — no !
I'll tell thee who it was, it was ^gisthus.
The wretch wdth whom thou liv'st. Go ask the goddess.
The immortal huntress, why the winds were stayed
So long at Aiilis. But thou must not ask
The chaste Diana ! Take it, then, from me.
My father once, as for the chase prepared,
Cai'eless he wandered through her wecret grove,
Forth from its covert roused a spotted hind
Of fairest form, with towering antlers graced,
Pursued and slew her. Of the deity
Something with pride elate he uttered then
Disdainful. Quick resenting the affront,
Latona's daughter stayed the Grecian fleet,
Nor would forgive, till for her slaughtered beast
560
Th' offending father sacrificed his child.
560
Thus Iphigenia fell ; and but for her
560
Greece ne'er had seen or Ilion's lofty towers,
560
Or her own native soil. The father strove
560
In vain to save, and not for Menelaus
560
He gave her up at last, but for his country.
560
Suppose a brother's fondness had prevailed,
560
And she was given for him, would that excuse
560
Thy horrid deed? What laAv required it of thee ?
That law alone by w^hich thyself must fall ;
If blood for blood be due, thy doom is fixed.
Plead not so poorly then, but tell me why
Thou liv'st adultrous thus with a vile ruflian,
Thy base assistant ? Why are those who sprung
From thy first nuptials cast unkindly forth
For his new race ? Was this thy piety ?
Was this, too, to revenge thy daughter's death ?
In pure revenge to wed her deadhest foe
Was noble, was it not ? But I forget :
You are my mother — so it seems you say —
And I must hold my peace. But I deny it ;
I say your are my mistress, not my mother —
A cruel mistress that afliicts my soul,
And makes this weary life a burthen to me.
Orestes too, the hapless fugitive.
Who once escaped thy fatal hand, now drags
A loathsome being. Him, thou sayst, I looked for
To join in my revenge, and so I did ;
T would have been revenged, I tell thee so.
Say, I am base, malicious, impudent,
Abusive, what thou wilt ; for if I am
It speaks my birth, and I resemble thee.
Chob. Kesentment deep hath fired the virgin's
breast ;
Whether with truth and justice on her side
She speak, I know not.
Cly. Can they plead for her ?
What care, what love, or tenderness is due
To an abandoned child, who shameless thus
Keviles a pai-ent ? I*-tttere, iifteF^isT^
A criTQft in nature shajgould blush to act ?
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 558 focus
Then I will speak. My father by thy hand
Was slain: thou freely dost avow the deed.
And can there be a deed of blacker stain,
E'en though he justly died? But I will say
That not with justice didst thou strike the blow.
No: the persuasions of that wicked man,
Thy base compeer in guilt, allured thee. Ask
The huntress queen Diana, why so long
At Aulis vengeful she restrain'd the winds;
Or I will tell thee; her thou may'st not ask!
My father, sporting in her sacred grove,
Once roused a dappled Hart, that bore aloft.
His branching horns; and glorying in the prize
Utter'd some vaunting words: at these incensed
The daughter of Latona in that port
Detain'd the fleet of Greece, that for her Hart,
A recompense my father might present...
His daughter: to the goddess thus she fell
A victim; else the fleet had been detain'd
560
Moor'd in that bay, and not a gale had 'swell'd
560
Their sails for Troy, or to the ports of Greece.
560
For this, reluctant and by sad constraint,
560
He sacrificed his daughter, just to Greece,
560
Not for his brother's sake. But (to allow
560
Thy plea) to grace the Spartan had his wille
560
Been to the deed assenting, for that cause
560
Behoved it thee to slay him? By what fight?
Take heed thou givest not sanction to a law
'Mongst mortals, which with vengeance will recoil
On thine own head. If blood must be repaid
With blood, if justice doth her office, thou: A
The first must die. Take heed, nor urge a plea
Of no avail. But tell me, if thy will
Assents to tell me, why dost thou persist
In actions most disgraceful to thy fame?
Why with a blood-stain'd murderer share thy couch,
Thy vile associate in my father's death?
How canst thou bear him children, and expose .TYD
As outcasts those, who from an hallow'd bed
Sprung hallow'd? How can I approve these things?
Or wilt thou say that for thy daughter's death/
These deeds are done to satiate thy revenge?
Shame on thee if thou say'st so; for to wedi
An hostile ruffian for a daughter's sake, d
Throws a foul stain on honour. But thy soul
Rejects monition: ever on thy tongue
Is this complaint, that we with rudé reproach({
Insult our mother: Am I then thy child?
Rather thy slave, and lead a servile life, fina
Ever beneath the yoke of ills oppress'd TI
By thee and thy compeer. Thy other child,
The poor Orestes, scarce escaped thy handjofT TVD
With misery, exiled from his country, lives
Oft dost thou taunt me that I train the Youth
To vengeance on thee: be thou well assured
This I had done, had I the pow'r. Now go,
Proclaim me to the world as base of soul, O
As insolent of tongue, as lost to shamed wo
If in these arts I am expert, they showlon is
That nor thy nature I disgrace, nor thee.
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 558 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-328-1 Clytaemnestra has argued that she was justified in slaying Agamemnon, because he had slain Iphigeneia. The topics of Electra's reply are as follows.

mvp-comment-328-2 (1) 558—562. The wife who slew her husband would be a criminal, even if the motive had been just retribution; but the real motive was her love for Aegisthus. (2) 563—576. Agamemnon was not a free agent in slaying Iphigeneia; the act was forced upon him by Artemis. (3) 577—583. Suppose, however, that he was a free agent, and wished to please his brother; still she was not justified in taking his life. (4) 584—594. And in any case her plea does not excuse her for living with the man who helped to slay her husband.—The speech then closes in a strain of reproach and defiance (595 —609).

mvp-comment-328-3 καὶ δὴ λέγω σοι 1 πατέρα 2 φὴς 3

mvp-comment-329-1 εἴτ’ οὖν … εἴτε 4

mvp-comment-329-2 λέξω 5 δείξω 6

mvp-comment-330-1 ὡς οὐ δίκῃ γ’ 7 ἔσπασεν 8 πειθὼ 9

mvp-comment-331-1 κυναγὸν 10

mvp-comment-331-2 ποινὰς 11

mvp-comment-331-3 τὰ πολλὰ πνεύματ’ ἔσχ’ 12 τὰ πολλὰ 13 ἔσχε 14

mvp-comment-331-4 Acc. to Aesch. ( Aesch. Ag. 149 f., Aesch. Ag. 192 ), the Greeks were detained by adverse winds, blowing from the N.E. : and this seems to have been the account given in the Cypria ( c. 776 B.C.), Proclus Chrest. p. 455:

ἐπέσχεν αὐτοὺς τοῦ πλοῦ χειμῶνας ἐπιπέμπουσα
. But other authorities speak of a calm. Thus I. A. 9 ff.
οὔκουν φθόγγος γ’ οὔτ’ ὀρνίθων
|
οὔτε θαλάσσης· σιγαὶ δ’ ἀνέμων
|
τόνδε κατ’ Εὔριπον ἔχουσιν
. Schol. Eur. Or. 647
ἐπειράθη τῆς θεοῦ ὀργιζομένης καὶ κατεχούσης τοὺς ἀνέμους
. Tzetzes on Lycophron 183
χολωθεῖσα δ’ ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἡ θεὸς τοὺς ἀνέμους κατέσχεν
. Ovid ( Met. 13. 183 ) combines both versions:
exspectata diu, nulla aut contraria classi | Flamina sunt.

mvp-comment-331-5 It has been objected that vessels provided with oars need not have been detained by a calm. But the ships of the Greek fleet were not light craft. Each carried from 50 to 120 armed men, besides

σκεύη πολεμικά
: and the warriors were also the rowers (cp. Thuc. 1. 10 ). It is intelligible, then, that they should await the aid of wind before attempting the passage of the Aegaean. We must remember, too, the strong and shifting currents in the Euripus (
στονόεντα πορθμόν
, Soph. Ant. 1145 :
παλιρρόχθοις ἐν Αὐλίδος τόποις
, Aesch. Ag. 191 ).

mvp-comment-331-6 We cannot well render:—(1)‘He suffered those tedious winds,’—supplying

ὁ πατήρ
from v. 558. Nor: (2) ‘She directed those tedious winds at Aulis,’—a version which would at least require
ἐπ’ Αὐλίδι
. Cp. Ph. 1119
ἔχε
|
δύσποτμον ἀρὰν ἐπ’ ἄλλοις
.

mvp-comment-331-7 The conjecture πλοῖα 15

mvp-comment-331-8 Αὐλίδι 16

mvp-comment-332-1 ἢ )γὼ φράσω 17 κείνης 18

mvp-comment-333-1 ὡς ἐγὼ κλύω 19

mvp-comment-333-2 θεᾶς … κατ’ ἄλσος 20

mvp-comment-333-3 παίζων 21

mvp-comment-333-4 ποδοῖν 22

mvp-comment-334-1 ἔλαφον 23

mvp-comment-334-2 στικτὸν 24

mvp-comment-334-3 κεράστην 25

mvp-comment-334-4 οὗ κατὰ σφαγὰς 26

mvp-comment-335-1 ἐκκομπάσας ἔπος τι τυγχάνει 27 βαλών 28

mvp-comment-335-2 This is the reason against taking

τυγχάνει
with
βαλών
, as=‘he shoots and hits’; cp. Il. 15. 581
θηρητὴρ ἐτύχησε βαλών
: Her. 3. 35
εἰ...τοῦ παιδὸς...βαλὼν τύχοιμι
. The vaunt must then precede the hit.

mvp-comment-335-3 Others take βαλὼν 29 ἔπος 30

mvp-comment-335-4 Monk, with Musgrave, took σφαγὰς 31

mvp-comment-336-1 ἐκ τοῦδε 32

mvp-comment-336-2 μηνίσασα 33

mvp-comment-336-3 Λητῴα κόρη 34

mvp-comment-337-1 ὡς 35 ἀντίσταθμον 36

mvp-comment-337-2 ἐκθύσειε 37

mvp-comment-338-1 ὧδ’ ἦν 38

mvp-comment-338-2 τὰ … θύματ’ 39

mvp-comment-338-3 λύσις 40

mvp-comment-338-4 πρὸς οἶκον 41

mvp-comment-339-1 πολλὰ 42

mvp-comment-339-2 ἀντιβὰς 43

mvp-comment-339-3 μόλις 44

mvp-comment-340-1 εἰ δ’ οὖν 45

mvp-comment-340-2 ἐρῶ γὰρ καὶ τὸ σόν 46

mvp-comment-341-1 τούτου … οὕνεκ’ 47

mvp-comment-341-2 νόμῳ 48

mvp-comment-342-1 ὅρα 49 μὴ … τιθῇς 50 τίθης 51

mvp-comment-342-2 Here, either

τίθης
or
τιθῇς
would be suitable. (1) With
τίθης
:—‘See that, in making this rule, you are not making woe for yourself.’ This means that to make the rule (as she is doing) is at once (logically) to make the woe. (2) With
τιθῇς
: —‘See lest, in making this rule, you make woe for yourself’: i.e., the rule may have the woe as a consequence. The woe is a future contingency (583
εἰ δίκης γε τυγχάνοις
), against which Electra warns her. On the whole, I now prefer
τιθῇς
. Cp. 1003
ὅρα κακῶς πράσσοντε μὴ μείζω κακὰ
|
κτησώμεθ’
: fr. 82
ἀλλ’ ὅρα μὴ κρεῖσσον ᾖ
.

mvp-comment-342-3 τιθεῖσα … νόμον 52

mvp-comment-343-1 εἰ γὰρ κτενοῦμεν 53

mvp-comment-343-2 πρώτη 54

mvp-comment-344-1 εἰσόρα 55

mvp-comment-344-2 οὐκ οὖσαν 56

mvp-comment-344-3 τίθης 57

mvp-comment-344-4 εἰ … θέλεις 58

mvp-comment-345-1 τῷ παλαμναίῳ 59

mvp-comment-345-2 πρόσθεν ἐξαπώλεσας 60

mvp-comment-346-1 παιδοποιεῖς 61

mvp-comment-346-2 Erigonè, daughter of Aegisthus and Clytaemnestra (Tzetzes on Lyc. 1374 ), was mentioned by the early cyclic poet Cinaethon ( Paus. 2. 18. 6 ), and was the theme of Sophocles in his

Ἠριγόνη
. Hyginus ( Hyg. Fab. 122 ) notices a son of Aegisthus named Aletes, who gives his name to a play by Sophocles, but does not record the mother: see p. xliii note 4.

mvp-comment-346-3 εὐσεβεῖς 62

mvp-comment-346-4 κἀξ εὐσεβῶν 63

mvp-comment-346-5 By

τοὺς...πρόσθεν εὐσεβεῖς
Electra means Orestes and herself. Both are ‘cast out’ of their just rights. Cp. O.T. 611
φίλον ...ἐσθλὸν ἐκβαλεῖν
. Eur. El. 62
τεκοῦσα δ’ ἄλλους παῖδας Αἰγίσθῳ πάρα
|
πάρεργ’ Ὀρέστην κἀμὲ ποιεῖται δόμων.

mvp-comment-346-6 βλαστόντας 64

mvp-comment-346-7 ἐκβαλοῦσ’ ἔχεις 65

mvp-comment-347-1 πῶς ταῦτ’ ἐπαινέσαιμ’ ἄν 66

mvp-comment-347-2 ἢ 67 ἦ 68 καὶ τοῦτ’ 69 ἄποινα 70

mvp-comment-348-1 αἰσχρῶς δ’ 71 δ’ 72

mvp-comment-348-2 ἐάν περ καὶ λέγῃς 73

mvp-comment-348-3 ἐχθροῖς γαμεῖσθαι 74

mvp-comment-348-4 These two verses, though not indispensable, seem genuine. Were they omitted, the transition from 592 to 595 would be somewhat abrupt.

mvp-comment-349-1 ἀλλ’ οὐ γὰρ 75

mvp-comment-349-2 πᾶσαν ἵης γλῶσσαν 76

mvp-comment-350-1 κακοστομοῦμεν 77

mvp-comment-350-2 καί σ’ ἔγωγε δεσπότιν 78

mvp-comment-350-3 εἰς ἡμᾶς 79 ἣ 80

mvp-comment-351-1 βίον μοχθηρόν 81

mvp-comment-351-2 ἔκ τε σοῦ 82 κακοῖς … ξυνοῦσα 83

mvp-comment-351-3 συννόμου 84

mvp-comment-352-1 ὁ δ’ ἄλλος 85

mvp-comment-352-2 χεῖρα σὴν 86

mvp-comment-352-3 τρίβει βίον 87

mvp-comment-352-4 603 The reason for writing δή με σοὶ 88 δή μέ σοι 89

mvp-comment-352-5 μιάστορα 90

mvp-comment-353-1 τοῦδέ γ’ οὕνεκα 91

mvp-comment-354-1 εἰς ἅπαντας 92

mvp-comment-354-2 χρῇς 93

mvp-comment-354-3 στόμαργον 94

mvp-comment-355-1 τῶνδε τῶν ἔ|ργων ἴδρις 95

mvp-comment-355-2 σχεδόν τι 96

mvp-comment-355-3 οὐ καταισχύνω 97

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

561. mvp-comment-251-1 δίκῃ] 'As moved thereto by Justice:'-dative of the cause.

563-564. mvp-comment-252-1 τίνος .. Αὐλίδι] ‘In requital for what' either (1) He endured that mighty wind at Aulis?' or (2) That great tempest fell upon Aulis?' or (3) She directed (ἐπέσχεν) that mighty wind at Aulis? It may be objected to (1), that if Agamemnon is the subject of ἔσχε, the words πατὴρ οὐμός in 566 are unnecessary. For (3) requiring ἔσχεν to be equivalent to ἐπέσχεν, see Essay on L. § 55. p. 101, 4, and L. and S., s. v. ἔχω, Α. ii. 7, and cp. Il. 14. 57, οἱ δ᾽ ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσι μάχην ἀλίαστον ἔχουσιν: 11.271, (εἰλειθυῖαι) πικρὰς ὠδῖνας ἔχουσai.

565. mvp-comment-253-1 κείνης.. μαθεῖν] ‘For you may not learn from her;' i. e. Artemis will not hold communication with one so polluted. Clytemnestra notwithstanding appeals to Artemis, infr. 626.

566-569. mvp-comment-254-1 Electra's point is that Agamemnon's fault which provoked Artemis was a light and all but involuntary offence.

567. mvp-comment-255-1 ἐξεκίνησεν ποδοῖν] ‘Startled by his tread.' The language is softened so as to convey the impression that Agamemnon put up the stag accidentally.

569. mvp-comment-256-1 He chanced to let fall some word of boasting.' There is a stress on the participle ἐκκομπάσας.

571-572. mvp-comment-257-1 Electra does not raise the question whether the will of Artemis was just or not. She is contented with shifting the responsibility from Agamemnon.

575. mvp-comment-258-1 The words πολλὰ καὶ ἀντιβάς form a separate clause, unless πολλά be joined to βιασθείς, which is improbable. For which cause, and not for Menelaus'sake, under compulsion, -ay, after many a struggle, he reluctantly sacrificed her.' After making this elaborate statement of the immediate cause, it occurs to Electra that everything connected with the expedition was in one sense done on Menelaus' account. Hence she resumes, with εἰ δ' οὖν, by admitting this, as if for the sake of argument.

579. mvp-comment-259-1 ποίῳ νόμῳ] 'On what principle?' Cp. Ant. 908, τίνος νόμου δὴ ταῦτα πρὸς χάριν λέγω;

584. mvp-comment-260-1 οὐκ οὖσαν] 'Unreal;' i.e. οὐκ ἀληθῆ. Cp. Τhuc. 6. 16, προσποίησίν τε ξυγγενείας .. καὶ μὴ οὖσαν.

589. mvp-comment-261-1 τοὺς δὲ πρόσθεν] Sc. παΐδας, understood πρὸς τὸ σημαινόμενον from παιδοποιεῖς. Essay on L. § 36. p. 64.

590. mvp-comment-262-1 εὐσεβῶν] i. e. ᾿Αγαμέμνονος. Poetical plural. ἐκβαλοῦσ᾽ ἔχεις] «You have cast out from favour. Electra is virtually an outcast, and Orestes, although not banished by his mother's act, durst not return openly to his home.

591. mvp-comment-263-1 πῶς.. ἄν] «Do you expect me to approve of this?'-referring to supr. 550.

591-592. mvp-comment-264-1 ἢ.. λαμβάνεις] « Or will you say that in this, too, you are vindicating your daughter?' τοῦτο, accusative in apposition with τῆς θ. α. λ.

593. mvp-comment-265-1 αἰσχρῶς] Sc. ἐρεῖς. οὐ γὰρ καλόν, κ. τ. λ.]. There is little virtue in,' etc. See on Aj. 1132, 1349.

595-597. mvp-comment-266-1 ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γὰρ . . κακοστομοῦμεν 'But then one may not even reason with you, since you reply with all your vehemence that I am reviling my mother.' For ἀλλ᾽ οὐ .. γάρ without apodosis, cp. O. C. 988 foll., ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γὰρ οὔτ᾽ ἐν τοῖσδ᾽ ἀκούσομαι κακὸς | γάμοισιν, κ.τ.λ. πᾶσαν ἵης γλῶσσαν = πᾶσαν γλῶσσαν ἱεῖσα λέγεις. Cp. Plat. Legg. 10. p. 890 D, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν, τὸ λεγόμενον, φωνὴν ἱέντα τῷ παλαιῷ νόμῳ ἐπίκουρον γίγνεσθαι λόγῳ.

597. mvp-comment-267-1 νέμω] ·And truly I account thee rather my mistress than my mother.' καί has a sarcastic tone as in interrogation, and is nearly = καί τοι, - as in Aj. 92 it may be said to have the force of καὶ μήν.

601. mvp-comment-268-1 ὁ δ᾽ ἄλλος ἔξω] 'And he, moreover, in a foreign land. The article is demonstrative, and ἄλλοs is predicative or adverbial. See Essay on L. § 21. pp. 33, 5. χεῖρα . . φυγών] Electra implies that Clytemnestra would have killed Orestes

601-602. mvp-comment-269-1 if she could, either at the time of Agamemnon's murder, or afterwards.

603. mvp-comment-270-1 σοὶ .. μιάστορα] ‘An avenger of blood against thee.' μιάστωρ is properly one who stains others with his own guilt; here it is one who fixes the stain of guilt by executing vengeance for it. Compare the use of the verb 'to stain' in Elizabethan English: e.g. Shaksp. Ant. and Cleo. 3. 4, 'I'll raise the preparation of a War | Shall stain your brother.'

606. mvp-comment-271-1 εἴτε † χρή) ‘Whether you must call me,' etc. Here, as in Aj. 1373, the reading of the MSS, which is possibly idiomatic, is preferred το χρῇς = χρήζεις, which is a doubtful emendation.

608. mvp-comment-272-1 τῶνδε τῶν ἔργων] ‘Of actions which have this character.' Cp. O. T. 864, 5, τὰν εὔσεπτον ἁγνείαν λόγων ἔργων τε πάντων, ὧν, κ.τ.λ., and note.

609. mvp-comment-273-1 καταισχύνω] Cp. Aj. 1304, 5. ἆρ᾽ ὧδ᾽ ἄριστος ἐξ ἀριστέοιν δυοῖν | βλαστὼν ἂν αἰσχύνοιμι τοὺς πρὺς αἵματος;