561-886.
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561-886. Third Episode. Io and Prometheus. The myth of Io is connected with that of Prometheus by the person of Heracles, the libera- tor of Prometheus, who is descended from
paphus, the son of Zeus and Io (see on 774). The appearance of Io therefore prepares the way for the introduction of Heracles in the
Προ-
μηθεὺς
λυόμενος. But the immediate significance of this scene consists in the present relation of Zeus and Io. Io appears as innocent and yet perse- cuted; her sufferings, superficially considered, put Zeus in the worst possible light. Accordingly the in- dignation of Prometheus rises more and more, till at last, carried away by passion, he vaunts his secret in such terms that the interposition of Zeus becomes inevitable. So the transition to the catastrophe is pre- pared. The geographical part of this episode, with its description of marvels, like the scene of Heracles in the
Προμηθεὺς
λυόμενος (see below, Frg. VII. and VIII.), doubtless had a peculiar charm for the Athenians of the period. On the origin of the myth of Io, see Introd. p. 9, footnote. Io appears as a horned maiden (588, 674; so indi- cated by her mask). In early Greek art, especially in
vase-paintings, she has the figure of a cow outright. On the throne of the Amyclaean Apollo, a work of the sculptor Bathycles (about Ol. 60), Hera was represented as glaring at Io, 'who is already a cow' (Paus. iii. 18. 7). On an archaic
black-figured vase of the Munich collection (No. 573; see Panofka, Argos Panoptes, plate 5), Argus is seen, seated on the ground, a fero- cious figure with long hair and beard, and a huge eye in his shaggy breast; he holds in his hand a long cord, attached to the horns of a cow. Near by stands Hermes, grasping the cord near the horns with his left hand, and about to draw his sword with his right. Argus's dog
stands at bay in front of his master. Through the influence of this trag- edy, Io came later to be depicted in art as a maiden with horns. So, for instance, on a
red-figured vase of the Berlin Museum (Panofka, l.c., plate 3). The stinging gadfly' of the legend (cp. Suppl. 306
BΑ.
τί
οὖν
ἔτευξεν
ἄλλο
δυσπότμῳ
βοΐ;
ΧΟ.
βοη-
λάτην
μύωπα
κινητήριον, Verg. Georg. iii. 147 cui nomen asilo Ro- manum est, oestrum Graii vertere vocantes), which is mentioned in Io's narrative, 675 be- low, had also to be omitted in the scenic representation. The difficulty was met by a figurative conception of
οἶστρος; the maddening sting was interpreted as the reminiscence of the crafty eye of Argos (567). — On account of the unusual manner of Io's entrance and exit, the anapaests which commonly accompany the ar- rival and departure of a personage are here and at 877 given to the actor, not to the chorus. So above, at the entrance of the chorus (120 ff.).
742.
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745.
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745.
τῇδε: belongs to
λοιπόν.
746.
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746. Cp. Sept. 758
κακῶν
δ᾽
ὥσπερ
θάλασσα
κῦμ᾽
ἄγει·
τὸ
μὲν
πίτνον,
ἄλλο
δ᾽
ἀείρει
τρίχαλον
κτἑ., Suppl. 470
ἄτης
ἄβυσσον
πέλαγος ...
ἐσβέβηκα
κοὐδα-
μοῦ
λιμὴν
κακῶν.
747.
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747. Cp. Eur. Med. 145
τί
δέ
μοι
ζῆν
ἔτι
κέρδος; 798
ἴτω·
τί
μοι
ζῆν
κέρδος;
στυφελόν·
τραχύ,
σκληρόν. Cp. Pers. 303
στύφλους
παρ᾿
ἀκτάς, 964
στυφελοῦ
ἐπ᾿
ἀκτᾶς.
749.
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749 f.
ὅπως
ἀπηλλάγην : see on 157.
753.
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753.
θανεῖν
μέν : as if
τέρμα
δὲ
μό-
χθων
οὐδέν
ἐστι
προκείμενον followed.
754.
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754. For the thought cp. Soph. Trach. 1173
τοῖς
γὰρ
θανοῦσι
μόχθος
οὐ
προσγίγνεται,
Εl. 1170
τοὺς
γὰρ
θανόν-
τας
οὐχ
ὁρῶ
λυπουμένους.
755.
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755.
νῦν
δέ: nunc vero; follow- ing the thought
εἰ
θανεῖν
πεπρωμένον
ἦν,
αὕτη
ἦν
ἂν
πημάτων
ἀπαλλαγή. – Cp. 257.. - 748.
στύφλου: Hesych.
στύφλον
ἢ
756.
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756.
πρὶν
ἂν
ἐκπέσῃ
τυραννίδος : unlike the statement made in 258.
Prometheus at last lifts slightly the veil of the secret so often hinted at, and defines somewhat the danger threatening Zeus. But the former statement,
πλὴν
ὅταν
κείνῳ
δοκῇ, is really more exact. For
ἐκπεσεῖν
τυ-
ραννίδος is only a possibility, which in the end is not fulfilled.
760.
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760.
ὄντων: sc.
τῶνδε, as Soph. Ai. 981
ὡς
ὧδ᾽
ἐχόντων ...
πάρα
στενάζειν, Ant. 1179
ὡς
ὧδ᾽
ἐχόντων
τἄλλα
βου-
λεύειν
πάρα. GMT. 848 and 917.
761.
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761.
τύραννα
σκήπτρα: cp. Soph. Ant. 1169
τύραννον
σχῆμα, Eur. Andr. 3
τύραννον
ἑστίαν,
Ηipp. 843
τύραννον
δῶμα. Like
δοῦλος,
κασίγνητος,
γέρων, and gentile nouns,
τύραννος is a word which hovers between substantive and adjective. Cp. Ag. 750
γέρων
λόγος, Frg. 317
γέρον
γράμμα (Catull. lxviii. 46 charta loquaturanus), Frg. 338
κάπηλα
τεχνήματα.
σκήπτρα is accusative. G. 197,
Ν. 2; H. 724 a.
762.
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762.
πρὸς
αὐτὸς
αὐτοῦ: the metre would permit
αὐτὸς
πρὸς
αὐτοῦ, but the juxtaposition of
αὐτὸς
αὑτοῦ adds point to the expression and sharpens its irony. See on 19; and cp.
Ag. 836
τοῖς
τ᾽
αὐτὸς
αὑτοῦ
πήμασιν
βαρύνεται, Soph. Ai. 1132
τοὺς
γ᾽
αὐτὸς
αὐτοῦ
πολεμίους,
Ο. C. 929
σὺ
δ᾽
ἀξίαν
οὐκ
οὖσαν
αἰσχύνεις
πόλιν
τὴν
αὐτὸς
αὐτοῦ, 1356
τὸν
αὐτὸς
αὑτοῦ
πατέρα
τόνδ᾽
ἀπή-
λασας, Timocles, Meineke Com. III. p. 593
τὰς
αὐτὸς
αὑτοῦ
συμφορὰς
ῥᾷον
φέρει, Philemon, Meineke Com. IV. p. 50
τοὺς
αὐτὸς
αὑτοῦ
βούλεθ᾽
ὑγιαί-
νειν
φίλους; also the verse quoted by Macarius VIII. 18 (Paroemiogr. Graec. II. p. 216 ed. Leutsch)
τὴν
αὐτὸς
αὑτοῦ
(νῦν)
θύραν
κρούεις
λίθῳ, Babr. 56, 9
τά
γ᾽
αὐτὸς
αὑτοῦ
πᾶς
τις
εὐπρεπῆ
κρίνει. In prose, Aeschin.
ΙΙΙ. 233
καταλέλυκεν
τὴν
αὐτὸς
αὐτοῦ
δυναστείαν (where some mss. have the usual order
αὐτὸς
τὴν), [Plat.] Alc. II. 144 c
οὐδὲ
τὴν
ὁτουοῦν
μητέρα
διενοεῖτο
ἀποκτεῖναι,
ἀλλὰ
τὴν
αὐτὸς
αὑτοῦ, Nicostrat. in Stob. Flor. 70, 12
εἰ
γε
μέλλει
τις ...
ἡδέως
εἰς
τὴν
οἰκίαν
τὴν
αὐτὸς
αὐτοῦ
εἰσελεύσεσθαι, Parthen. 3
πρὸς
τῆς
αὐτὸς
αὐτοῦ
γενεᾶς
τρωθείς, Aristid. i. p. 128
σαγηνεύων
τὴν
ἀρχὴν
τὴν
αὐτὸς
αὐτοῦ, ii. p. 148
ὁ
δ᾽
ἀφ᾿
ἑστίας
ἀρξάμενος
τῆς
αὐτὸς
αὑτοῦ
τὸ
σύμμετρον
ᾑρεῖτο
πρὸ
τοῦ
πλέονος. Also Ovid. Am. i. 7, 26 valui poenam fortis in ipse meam, Ars Amat. iii. 668 indicio prodor ab ipse meo.
763.
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763.
εἰ
μή
τις
βλάβη: cp. 196.
764.
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764.
ἀσχαλᾷ: for the tense see on 171. Krüger II. § 53, 1, 1. Ср. Eur. Phoen. 633
οὐ
γὰρ
οἶδ᾽
εἴ
μοι
προσειπεῖν
αὖθις
ἔσθ᾽
ὑμᾶς
ποτε.
765.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-487
766.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-488
766.
τί
δ᾽
ὅντινα: cp. Soph. O. T. 1056
τί
δ᾽
ὅντιν᾿
εἶπε;
ὅντινα refers to the question
θέορτον
ἢ
βρότειον: in full
τί
δ' ("why ask")
ὅντινα
γάμον
γαμεῖ; -
γάρ: because
τί
δ᾽
ὅντιν implies a refusal. —
ῥητὸν
αὐδᾶσθαι : cp. Ar. Av. 1713
οὐ
φατὸν
λέγειν, Orph. Arg. 931
οὐ
φατὸν
εἰπεῖν, also Eur. Bacch. 472
ἄρρητ᾽
ἀβακχεύτοισιν
εἰδέναι
βροτῶν.
767.
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767.
ἐξανίσταται: for the present tense see note on 513.
768.
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768. See Introd. p. 17. The word
φέρτερον recalls the passage of Pindar in question (quoted in note to 924).
770.
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770.
ἄν: peradventure. The un- certainty implied in av refers solely to the possible alternative that Zeus, unwarned by Prometheus, shall enter into the fatal union.
Perhaps
verbis
suppressed
wittiwhich
is
showed
80.
ε.δ.
αποστρόφουμι
771.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-492
771 f.
ὁ
λύσων:
see on 27. The object is easily supplied; cp.
27, 176, 337, 721, 783, 785. - Io's words, "who shall free thee against Zeus's will?" imply "no one can free thee." Ac- cordingly Prometheus, without regard
το
ἄκοντος
Διός, answers, to Io's aston- ishment, "from thy offspring my de- liverer shall come." In point of fact the deliverance, in the following drama, does not come about
ἄκοντος
Διός, but rather, as in Hesiod Theog. 529,
οὐκ
ἀέκητι
Ζηνὸς
Ὀλυμπίου
ὑψιμέ-
δοντος.
774.
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774.
ἀπὸ
Ἰοῦς
Ἔπαφος,
οὗ
Λιβύη,
ἧς
Βῆλος,
οὗ
Δαναός,
οὗ
῾Υπερμνήστρα
ἡ
μὴ
κτείνασα
τὸν
Λυγκέα
τὸν
ὁμόζυγον,
ἧς
῎Αβας,
οὗ
Προῖτος,
οὗ
᾿Ακρίσιος,
οὗ
Δα-
νάη,
ἧς
Περσεύς,
οὗ
Ηλεκτρυών,
οὗ
᾿Αλκμήνη,
ἧς
Ἡρακλῆς, Schol.
775.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-494
775.
οὐκέτι: no longer, in contrast to the foregoing revelations. -
εὐ-
ξύμβλητος : cp. Soph. Trach. 694
ἀξύμ-
βλητον
ἀνθρώπῳ
μαθεῖν, Cho. 170
εὐξύμ-
βολον
τόδ᾽
ἐστὶ
παντὶ
δοξάσαι.
776.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-495
776
f.
καὶ
μηδὲ
σαυτής : and thine own sufferings, too, seek not to learn; that is, "thou understandest not my prophecy; shouldst thou ask to know it, thine own sufferings also would be revealed to thee; the explanation of the prophecy involves the prediction of thy woes."
προτείνων : not
προ-
τείνας; "do not hold it forth and at
the same moment deprive me of it."
778.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-496
778.
On this construction of
δωρεῖ-
σθαι (accus. of person and dat. of thing) see Krüger II. § 48, 7, 4.