ὦ φίλτατ᾿ ἀνδρῶν προσπόλων, ὥς μοι σαφῆ
Electra. Sophocles. ed. Lewis Campbell. Oxford. 1879.
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Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 1-120 focus
Παιδαγωγός
ὦ τοῦ στρατηγήσαντος ἐν Τροίᾳ ποτὲ
1
Ἀγαμέμνονος παῖ, νῦν ἐκεῖνʼ ἔξεστί σοι
παρόντι λεύσσειν, ὧν πρόθυμος ἦσθʼ ἀεί.
τὸ γὰρ παλαιὸν Ἄργος οὑπόθεις τόδε,
τῆς οἰστροπλῆγος ἄλσος Ἰνάχου κόρης·
5
αὕτη δʼ, Ὀρέστα, τοῦ λυκοκτόνου θεοῦ
ἀγορὰ Λύκειος· οὑξ ἀριστερᾶς δʼ ὅδε
Ἥρας ὁ κλεινὸς ναός· οἷ δʼ ἱκάνομεν,
φάσκειν Μυκήνας τὰς πολυχρύσους ὁρᾶν
πολύφθορόν τε δῶμα Πελοπιδῶν τόδε,
10
ὅθεν σε πατρὸς ἐκ φονῶν ἐγώ ποτε
πρὸς σῆς ὁμαίμου καὶ κασιγνήτης λαβὼν
ἤνεγκα κἀξέσωσα κἀξεθρεψάμην
τοσόνδʼ ἐς ἥβης, πατρὶ τιμωρὸν φόνου.
νῦν οὖν, Ὀρέστα καὶ σὺ φίλτατε ξένων
15
Πυλάδη, τί χρὴ δρᾶν ἐν τάχει βουλευτέον·
ὡς ἡμὶν ἤδη λαμπρὸν ἡλίου σέλας
ἑῷα κινεῖ φθέγματʼ ὀρνίθων σαφῆ
μέλαινά τʼ ἄστρων ἐκλέλοιπεν εὐφρόνη.
πρὶν οὖν τινʼ ἀνδρῶν ἐξοδοιπορεῖν στέγης,
20
ξυνάπτετον λόγοισιν· ὡς ἐνταῦθʼ ἐμέν,
ἵνʼ οὐκέτʼ ὀκνεῖν καιρός, ἀλλʼ ἔργων ἀκμή.
23
ὦ τοῦ στρατηγήσαντος ἐν Τροίᾳ ποτὲ
1
Ἀγαμέμνονος παῖ, νῦν ἐκεῖνʼ ἔξεστί σοι
παρόντι λεύσσειν, ὧν πρόθυμος ἦσθʼ ἀεί.
τὸ γὰρ παλαιὸν Ἄργος οὑπόθεις τόδε,
τῆς οἰστροπλῆγος ἄλσος Ἰνάχου κόρης·
5
αὕτη δʼ, Ὀρέστα, τοῦ λυκοκτόνου θεοῦ
ἀγορὰ Λύκειος· οὑξ ἀριστερᾶς δʼ ὅδε
Ἥρας ὁ κλεινὸς ναός· οἷ δʼ ἱκάνομεν,
φάσκειν Μυκήνας τὰς πολυχρύσους ὁρᾶν
πολύφθορόν τε δῶμα Πελοπιδῶν τόδε,
10
ὅθεν σε πατρὸς ἐκ φονῶν ἐγώ ποτε
πρὸς σῆς ὁμαίμου καὶ κασιγνήτης λαβὼν
ἤνεγκα κἀξέσωσα κἀξεθρεψάμην
τοσόνδʼ ἐς ἥβης, πατρὶ τιμωρὸν φόνου.
νῦν οὖν, Ὀρέστα καὶ σὺ φίλτατε ξένων
15
Πυλάδη, τί χρὴ δρᾶν ἐν τάχει βουλευτέον·
ὡς ἡμὶν ἤδη λαμπρὸν ἡλίου σέλας
ἑῷα κινεῖ φθέγματʼ ὀρνίθων σαφῆ
μέλαινά τʼ ἄστρων ἐκλέλοιπεν εὐφρόνη.
πρὶν οὖν τινʼ ἀνδρῶν ἐξοδοιπορεῖν στέγης,
20
ξυνάπτετον λόγοισιν· ὡς ἐνταῦθʼ ἐμέν,
ἵνʼ οὐκέτʼ ὀκνεῖν καιρός, ἀλλʼ ἔργων ἀκμή.
Ὀρέστης
ὦ φίλτατʼ ἀνδρῶν προσπόλων, ὥς μοι σαφῆ
σημεῖα φαίνεις ἐσθλὸς εἰς ἡμᾶς γεγώς.
ὥσπερ γὰρ ἵππος εὐγενής, κἂν ᾖ γέρων,
25
ἐν τοῖσι δεινοῖς θυμὸν οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν,
ἀλλʼ ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησιν, ὡσαύτως δὲ σὺ
ἡμᾶς τʼ ὀτρύνεις καὐτὸς ἐν πρώτοις ἕπει.
τοιγὰρ τὰ μὲν δόξαντα δηλώσω, σὺ δὲ
ὀξεῖαν ἀκοὴν τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις διδούς,
30
εἰ μή τι καιροῦ τυγχάνω, μεθάρμοσον.
ἐγὼ γὰρ ἡνίχʼ ἱκόμην τὸ Πυθικὸν
μαντεῖον, ὡς μάθοιμʼ ὅτῳ τρόπῳ πατρὶ
δίκας ἀροίμην τῶν φονευσάντων πάρα,
χρῇ μοι τοιαῦθʼ ὁ Φοῖβος ὧν πεύσει τάχα·
35
ἄσκευον αὐτὸν ἀσπίδων τε καὶ στρατοῦ
δόλοισι κλέψαι χειρὸς ἐνδίκους σφαγάς.
ὅτʼ οὖν τοιόνδε χρησμὸν εἰσηκούσαμεν,
σὺ μὲν μολών, ὅταν σε καιρὸς εἰσάγῃ,
δόμων ἔσω τῶνδʼ, ἴσθι πᾶν τὸ δρώμενον,
40
ὅπως ἂν εἰδὼς ἡμὶν ἀγγείλῃς σαφῆ.
οὐ γάρ σε μὴ γήρᾳ τε καὶ χρόνῳ μακρῷ
γνῶσʼ, οὐδʼ ὑποπτεύσουσιν ὧδʼ ἠνθισμένον.
λόγῳ δὲ χρῶ τοιῷδʼ, ὅτι ξένος μὲν εἶ
Φωκέως παρʼ ἀνδρὸς Φανοτέως ἥκων· ὃ γὰρ
45
μέγιστος αὐτοῖς τυγχάνει δορυξένων.
ἄγγελλε δʼ ὅρκον προστιθεὶς ὁθούνεκα
τέθνηκʼ Ὀρέστης ἐξ ἀναγκαίας τύχης,
ἄθλοισι Πυθικοῖσιν ἐκ τροχηλάτων
δίφρων κυλισθείς· ὧδʼ ὁ μῦθος ἑστάτω.
50
51
ὦ φίλτατʼ ἀνδρῶν προσπόλων, ὥς μοι σαφῆ
σημεῖα φαίνεις ἐσθλὸς εἰς ἡμᾶς γεγώς.
ὥσπερ γὰρ ἵππος εὐγενής, κἂν ᾖ γέρων,
25
ἐν τοῖσι δεινοῖς θυμὸν οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν,
ἀλλʼ ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησιν, ὡσαύτως δὲ σὺ
ἡμᾶς τʼ ὀτρύνεις καὐτὸς ἐν πρώτοις ἕπει.
τοιγὰρ τὰ μὲν δόξαντα δηλώσω, σὺ δὲ
ὀξεῖαν ἀκοὴν τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις διδούς,
30
εἰ μή τι καιροῦ τυγχάνω, μεθάρμοσον.
ἐγὼ γὰρ ἡνίχʼ ἱκόμην τὸ Πυθικὸν
μαντεῖον, ὡς μάθοιμʼ ὅτῳ τρόπῳ πατρὶ
δίκας ἀροίμην τῶν φονευσάντων πάρα,
χρῇ μοι τοιαῦθʼ ὁ Φοῖβος ὧν πεύσει τάχα·
35
ἄσκευον αὐτὸν ἀσπίδων τε καὶ στρατοῦ
δόλοισι κλέψαι χειρὸς ἐνδίκους σφαγάς.
ὅτʼ οὖν τοιόνδε χρησμὸν εἰσηκούσαμεν,
σὺ μὲν μολών, ὅταν σε καιρὸς εἰσάγῃ,
δόμων ἔσω τῶνδʼ, ἴσθι πᾶν τὸ δρώμενον,
40
ὅπως ἂν εἰδὼς ἡμὶν ἀγγείλῃς σαφῆ.
οὐ γάρ σε μὴ γήρᾳ τε καὶ χρόνῳ μακρῷ
γνῶσʼ, οὐδʼ ὑποπτεύσουσιν ὧδʼ ἠνθισμένον.
λόγῳ δὲ χρῶ τοιῷδʼ, ὅτι ξένος μὲν εἶ
Φωκέως παρʼ ἀνδρὸς Φανοτέως ἥκων· ὃ γὰρ
45
μέγιστος αὐτοῖς τυγχάνει δορυξένων.
ἄγγελλε δʼ ὅρκον προστιθεὶς ὁθούνεκα
τέθνηκʼ Ὀρέστης ἐξ ἀναγκαίας τύχης,
ἄθλοισι Πυθικοῖσιν ἐκ τροχηλάτων
δίφρων κυλισθείς· ὧδʼ ὁ μῦθος ἑστάτω.
50
Ὀρέστης
ἡμεῖς δὲ πατρὸς τύμβον, ὡς ἐφίετο,
λοιβαῖσι πρῶτον καὶ καρατόμοις χλιδαῖς
στέψαντες εἶτʼ ἄψορρον ἥξομεν πάλιν,
τύπωμα χαλκόπλευρον ἠρμένοι χεροῖν,
ὃ καὶ σὺ θάμνοις οἶσθά που κεκρυμμένον,
55
ὅπως λόγῳ κλέπτοντες ἡδεῖαν φάτιν
φέρωμεν αὐτοῖς, τοὐμὸν ὡς ἔρρει δέμας
φλογιστὸν ἤδη καὶ κατηνθρακωμένον.
τί γάρ με λυπεῖ τοῦθʼ, ὅταν λόγῳ θανὼν
ἔργοισι σωθῶ κἀξενέγκωμαι κλέος;
60
δοκῶ μέν, οὐδὲν ῥῆμα σὺν κέρδει κακόν.
ἤδη γὰρ εἶδον πολλάκις καὶ τοὺς σοφοὺς
λόγῳ μάτην θνῄσκοντας· εἶθʼ, ὅταν δόμους
ἔλθωσιν αὖθις, ἐκτετίμηνται πλέον·
ὡς κἄμʼ ἐπαυχῶ τῆσδε τῆς φήμης ἄπο
65
δεδορκότʼ ἐχθροῖς ἄστρον ὣς λάμψειν ἔτι.
ἀλλʼ, ὦ πατρῴα γῆ θεοί τʼ ἐγχώριοι,
δέξασθέ μʼ εὐτυχοῦντα ταῖσδε ταῖς ὁδοῖς,
σύ τʼ, ὦ πατρῷον δῶμα· σοῦ γὰρ ἔρχομαι
δίκῃ καθαρτὴς πρὸς θεῶν ὡρμημένος·
70
καὶ μή μʼ ἄτιμον τῆσδʼ ἀποστείλητε γῆς,
ἀλλʼ ἀρχέπλουτον καὶ καταστάτην δόμων.
εἴρηκα μέν νυν ταῦτα· σοὶ δʼ ἤδη, γέρον,
τὸ σὸν μελέσθω βάντι φρουρῆσαι χρέος.
νὼ δʼ ἔξιμεν· καιρὸς γάρ, ὅσπερ ἀνδράσιν
75
μέγιστος ἔργου παντός ἐστʼ ἐπιστάτης.
77
ἡμεῖς δὲ πατρὸς τύμβον, ὡς ἐφίετο,
λοιβαῖσι πρῶτον καὶ καρατόμοις χλιδαῖς
στέψαντες εἶτʼ ἄψορρον ἥξομεν πάλιν,
τύπωμα χαλκόπλευρον ἠρμένοι χεροῖν,
ὃ καὶ σὺ θάμνοις οἶσθά που κεκρυμμένον,
55
ὅπως λόγῳ κλέπτοντες ἡδεῖαν φάτιν
φέρωμεν αὐτοῖς, τοὐμὸν ὡς ἔρρει δέμας
φλογιστὸν ἤδη καὶ κατηνθρακωμένον.
τί γάρ με λυπεῖ τοῦθʼ, ὅταν λόγῳ θανὼν
ἔργοισι σωθῶ κἀξενέγκωμαι κλέος;
60
δοκῶ μέν, οὐδὲν ῥῆμα σὺν κέρδει κακόν.
ἤδη γὰρ εἶδον πολλάκις καὶ τοὺς σοφοὺς
λόγῳ μάτην θνῄσκοντας· εἶθʼ, ὅταν δόμους
ἔλθωσιν αὖθις, ἐκτετίμηνται πλέον·
ὡς κἄμʼ ἐπαυχῶ τῆσδε τῆς φήμης ἄπο
65
δεδορκότʼ ἐχθροῖς ἄστρον ὣς λάμψειν ἔτι.
ἀλλʼ, ὦ πατρῴα γῆ θεοί τʼ ἐγχώριοι,
δέξασθέ μʼ εὐτυχοῦντα ταῖσδε ταῖς ὁδοῖς,
σύ τʼ, ὦ πατρῷον δῶμα· σοῦ γὰρ ἔρχομαι
δίκῃ καθαρτὴς πρὸς θεῶν ὡρμημένος·
70
καὶ μή μʼ ἄτιμον τῆσδʼ ἀποστείλητε γῆς,
ἀλλʼ ἀρχέπλουτον καὶ καταστάτην δόμων.
εἴρηκα μέν νυν ταῦτα· σοὶ δʼ ἤδη, γέρον,
τὸ σὸν μελέσθω βάντι φρουρῆσαι χρέος.
νὼ δʼ ἔξιμεν· καιρὸς γάρ, ὅσπερ ἀνδράσιν
75
μέγιστος ἔργου παντός ἐστʼ ἐπιστάτης.
Ἠλέκτρα
ἰώ μοί μοι δύστηνος.
ἰώ μοί μοι δύστηνος.
Παιδαγωγός
καὶ μὴν θυρῶν ἔδοξα προσπόλων τινὸς
ὑποστενούσης ἔνδον αἰσθέσθαι, τέκνον.
καὶ μὴν θυρῶν ἔδοξα προσπόλων τινὸς
ὑποστενούσης ἔνδον αἰσθέσθαι, τέκνον.
Ὀρέστης
ἆρʼ ἐστὶν ἡ δύστηνος Ἠλέκτρα· θέλεις
80
μείνωμεν αὐτοῦ κἀπακούσωμεν γόων;
ἆρʼ ἐστὶν ἡ δύστηνος Ἠλέκτρα· θέλεις
80
μείνωμεν αὐτοῦ κἀπακούσωμεν γόων;
Παιδαγωγός
ἥκιστα· μηδὲν πρόσθεν ἢ τὰ Λοξίου
πειρώμεθʼ ἔρδειν κἀπὸ τῶνδʼ ἀρχηγετεῖν,
πατρὸς χέοντες λουτρά· ταῦτα γὰρ φέρει
νίκην τʼ ἐφʼ ἡμῖν καὶ κράτος τῶν δρωμένων.
85
86
ἥκιστα· μηδὲν πρόσθεν ἢ τὰ Λοξίου
πειρώμεθʼ ἔρδειν κἀπὸ τῶνδʼ ἀρχηγετεῖν,
πατρὸς χέοντες λουτρά· ταῦτα γὰρ φέρει
νίκην τʼ ἐφʼ ἡμῖν καὶ κράτος τῶν δρωμένων.
85
Ἠλέκτρα
ὦ φάος ἁγνὸν
καὶ γῆς ἰσόμοιρʼ ἀήρ, ὥς μοι
πολλὰς μὲν θρήνων ᾠδάς,
πολλὰς δʼ ἀντήρεις ᾔσθου
στέρνων πληγὰς αἱμασσομένων,
90
ὁπόταν δνοφερὰ νὺξ ὑπολειφθῇ·
τὰ δὲ παννυχίδων ἤδη στυγεραὶ
ξυνίσασʼ εὐναὶ μογερῶν οἴκων,
ὅσα τὸν δύστηνον ἐμὸν θρηνῶ
πατέρʼ, ὃν κατὰ μὲν βάρβαρον αἶαν
95
φοίνιος Ἄρης οὐκ ἐξένισεν,
μήτηρ δʼ ἡμὴ χὠ κοινολεχὴς
Αἴγισθος ὅπως δρῦν ὑλοτόμοι
σχίζουσι κάρα φονίῳ πελέκει,
κοὐδεὶς τούτων οἶκτος ἀπʼ ἄλλης
100
ἢ ʼμοῦ φέρεται, σοῦ, πάτερ, οὕτως
αἰκῶς οἰκτρῶς τε θανόντος.
103
ὦ φάος ἁγνὸν
καὶ γῆς ἰσόμοιρʼ ἀήρ, ὥς μοι
πολλὰς μὲν θρήνων ᾠδάς,
πολλὰς δʼ ἀντήρεις ᾔσθου
στέρνων πληγὰς αἱμασσομένων,
90
ὁπόταν δνοφερὰ νὺξ ὑπολειφθῇ·
τὰ δὲ παννυχίδων ἤδη στυγεραὶ
ξυνίσασʼ εὐναὶ μογερῶν οἴκων,
ὅσα τὸν δύστηνον ἐμὸν θρηνῶ
πατέρʼ, ὃν κατὰ μὲν βάρβαρον αἶαν
95
φοίνιος Ἄρης οὐκ ἐξένισεν,
μήτηρ δʼ ἡμὴ χὠ κοινολεχὴς
Αἴγισθος ὅπως δρῦν ὑλοτόμοι
σχίζουσι κάρα φονίῳ πελέκει,
κοὐδεὶς τούτων οἶκτος ἀπʼ ἄλλης
100
ἢ ʼμοῦ φέρεται, σοῦ, πάτερ, οὕτως
αἰκῶς οἰκτρῶς τε θανόντος.
Ἠλέκτρα
ἀλλʼ οὐ μὲν δὴ
λήξω θρήνων στυγερῶν τε γόων,
ἔστʼ ἂν παμφεγγεῖς ἄστρων
105
ῥιπάς, λεύσσω δὲ τόδʼ ἦμαρ,
μὴ οὐ τεκνολέτειρʼ ὥς τις ἀηδὼν
ἐπὶ κωκυτῷ τῶνδε πατρῴων
πρὸ θυρῶν ἠχὼ πᾶσι προφωνεῖν.
ὦ δῶμʼ Ἀΐδου καὶ Περσεφόνης,
110
ὦ χθόνιʼ Ἑρμῆ καὶ πότνιʼ Ἀρὰ
σεμναί τε θεῶν παῖδες Ἐρινύες,
αἳ τοὺς ἀδίκως θνῄσκοντας ὁρᾶθʼ,
αἳ τοὺς εὐνὰς ὑποκλεπτομένους,
ἔλθετʼ, ἀρήξατε, τίσασθε πατρὸς
115
φόνον ἡμετέρου,
καί μοι τὸν ἐμὸν πέμψατʼ ἀδελφόν·
μούνη γὰρ ἄγειν οὐκέτι σωκῶ
λύπης ἀντίρροπον ἄχθος.
120
ἀλλʼ οὐ μὲν δὴ
λήξω θρήνων στυγερῶν τε γόων,
ἔστʼ ἂν παμφεγγεῖς ἄστρων
105
ῥιπάς, λεύσσω δὲ τόδʼ ἦμαρ,
μὴ οὐ τεκνολέτειρʼ ὥς τις ἀηδὼν
ἐπὶ κωκυτῷ τῶνδε πατρῴων
πρὸ θυρῶν ἠχὼ πᾶσι προφωνεῖν.
ὦ δῶμʼ Ἀΐδου καὶ Περσεφόνης,
110
ὦ χθόνιʼ Ἑρμῆ καὶ πότνιʼ Ἀρὰ
σεμναί τε θεῶν παῖδες Ἐρινύες,
αἳ τοὺς ἀδίκως θνῄσκοντας ὁρᾶθʼ,
αἳ τοὺς εὐνὰς ὑποκλεπτομένους,
ἔλθετʼ, ἀρήξατε, τίσασθε πατρὸς
115
φόνον ἡμετέρου,
καί μοι τὸν ἐμὸν πέμψατʼ ἀδελφόν·
μούνη γὰρ ἄγειν οὐκέτι σωκῶ
λύπης ἀντίρροπον ἄχθος.
120
Translations (5)
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 23 focus
EL
Full well I feel that too impatiently
145
I seem to multiply the sounds of woe.
145
Yet suffer me, dear women! Mighty force
145
Compels me. Who that had a noble heart
145
And saw her father’s cause, as I have done,
145
By day and night more outraged, could refrain?
145
Are my woes lessening? Are they not in bloom?—
145
My mother full of hate and hateful proved,
145
Whilst I in my own home must dwell with these,
My father’s murderers, and by them be ruled,
Dependent on their bounty even for bread.
And then what days suppose you I must pass,
When I behold Aegisthus on the throne
That was my father’s; when I see him wear
Such robes, and pour libations by the hearth
Where he destroyed him; lastly, when I see
Their crowning insolence,—our regicide
Laid in my father’s chamber beside her,
My mother—if she still must bear the name
When resting in those arms? Her shame is dead.
She harbours with blood-guiltiness, and fears
No vengeance, but, as laughing at the wrong,
She watches for the hour wherein with guile
She killed our sire, and orders dance and mirth
That day o’ the month, and joyful sacrifice
Of thanksgiving. But I within the house
Beholding, weep and pine, and mourn that feast
Of infamy, called by my father’s name,
All to myself; for not even grief may flow
As largely as my spirit would desire.
That so-called princess of a noble race
O’ercrows my wailing with loud obloquy:
‘Hilding! are you alone in grief? Are none
Mourning for loss of fathers but yourself?
‘Fore the blest Gods! ill may you thrive, and ne’er
Find cure of sorrow from the powers below!’
So she insults: unless she hear one say
‘Orestes will arrive’: then standing close,
She shouts like one possessed into mine ear,
‘These are your doings, this your work, I trow.
150
You stole Orestes from my gripe, and placed
150
His life with fosterers; but you shall pay
150
Full penalty.’ So harsh is her exclaim.
150
And he at hand, the husband she extols,
150
Hounds on the cry, that prince of cowardice,
150
From head to foot one mass of pestilent harm.
150
Tongue-doughty champion of this women’s-war.
150
I, for Orestes ever languishing
To end this, am undone. For evermore
Intending, still delaying, he wears out
All hope, both here and yonder. How, then, friends,
Can I be moderate, or feel the touch
Of holy resignation? Evil fruit
Cannot but follow on a life of ill.
Full well I feel that too impatiently
145
I seem to multiply the sounds of woe.
145
Yet suffer me, dear women! Mighty force
145
Compels me. Who that had a noble heart
145
And saw her father’s cause, as I have done,
145
By day and night more outraged, could refrain?
145
Are my woes lessening? Are they not in bloom?—
145
My mother full of hate and hateful proved,
145
Whilst I in my own home must dwell with these,
My father’s murderers, and by them be ruled,
Dependent on their bounty even for bread.
And then what days suppose you I must pass,
When I behold Aegisthus on the throne
That was my father’s; when I see him wear
Such robes, and pour libations by the hearth
Where he destroyed him; lastly, when I see
Their crowning insolence,—our regicide
Laid in my father’s chamber beside her,
My mother—if she still must bear the name
When resting in those arms? Her shame is dead.
She harbours with blood-guiltiness, and fears
No vengeance, but, as laughing at the wrong,
She watches for the hour wherein with guile
She killed our sire, and orders dance and mirth
That day o’ the month, and joyful sacrifice
Of thanksgiving. But I within the house
Beholding, weep and pine, and mourn that feast
Of infamy, called by my father’s name,
All to myself; for not even grief may flow
As largely as my spirit would desire.
That so-called princess of a noble race
O’ercrows my wailing with loud obloquy:
‘Hilding! are you alone in grief? Are none
Mourning for loss of fathers but yourself?
‘Fore the blest Gods! ill may you thrive, and ne’er
Find cure of sorrow from the powers below!’
So she insults: unless she hear one say
‘Orestes will arrive’: then standing close,
She shouts like one possessed into mine ear,
‘These are your doings, this your work, I trow.
150
You stole Orestes from my gripe, and placed
150
His life with fosterers; but you shall pay
150
Full penalty.’ So harsh is her exclaim.
150
And he at hand, the husband she extols,
150
Hounds on the cry, that prince of cowardice,
150
From head to foot one mass of pestilent harm.
150
Tongue-doughty champion of this women’s-war.
150
I, for Orestes ever languishing
To end this, am undone. For evermore
Intending, still delaying, he wears out
All hope, both here and yonder. How, then, friends,
Can I be moderate, or feel the touch
Of holy resignation? Evil fruit
Cannot but follow on a life of ill.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 23 focus
bester Diener, liebster Mann, wie legst du mir
Der Treue Zeichen gegen uns so deutlich dar!
Denn wie das Noß aus edler Art, obschon betagt,
25
In keiner Schreckniß und Gefahr den Muth verliert,
Nein, stolz das Ohr aufrichtet: also du, der uns
Zum Kampfe treibt und selbst der Ersten Einer folgt.
Drum will ich offenbaren, was ich ausgedacht;
Doch du vergönne meinem Wort ein scharfes Ohr,
30
Und traf ich nicht das Rechte, gib mir andern Rath.
Nachdem ich angekommen war bei'm pythischen
Orakel, dort zu fragen, wie des Vaters Tod
Ich rächen mög' an jenen, die ihn mordeten,
Gebot mir Phöbos also, wie du gleich vernimmst:
35
Den Streich gerechter Rache mit geheimer List
Allein zu führen, nicht bewehrt mit Schild und Heer.
Nun, da mir solcher Gottesspruch verkündet ward,
Tritt du, sobald die Stunde dich gelegen führt,
Zu diesem Haus ein, auszuspäh'n, was hier geschieht,
40
Auf daß du klar uns meldest, was du wohl erforscht.
Unkenntlich schuf dich Alter und die lange Zeit,
Und vor Verdacht bewahrt dich dieser Blumenschmuck.
1
Doch also sprich zu jenen, daß ein Fremdling du,
Ein Phoker seiest, abgesandt von Phanoteus;
2
45
Denn dieser Mann ist ihres Hauses bester Freund.
Mit Eid betheuernd, melde dann, Orestes sei
Dahingeschieden durch ein unerbittlich Loos,
Bei Kämpfen Pytho's aus dem raschhinrollenden
3
Rennwagen stürzend. Also sei der Rede Sinn.
50
bester Diener, liebster Mann, wie legst du mir
Der Treue Zeichen gegen uns so deutlich dar!
Denn wie das Noß aus edler Art, obschon betagt,
25
In keiner Schreckniß und Gefahr den Muth verliert,
Nein, stolz das Ohr aufrichtet: also du, der uns
Zum Kampfe treibt und selbst der Ersten Einer folgt.
Drum will ich offenbaren, was ich ausgedacht;
Doch du vergönne meinem Wort ein scharfes Ohr,
30
Und traf ich nicht das Rechte, gib mir andern Rath.
Nachdem ich angekommen war bei'm pythischen
Orakel, dort zu fragen, wie des Vaters Tod
Ich rächen mög' an jenen, die ihn mordeten,
Gebot mir Phöbos also, wie du gleich vernimmst:
35
Den Streich gerechter Rache mit geheimer List
Allein zu führen, nicht bewehrt mit Schild und Heer.
Nun, da mir solcher Gottesspruch verkündet ward,
Tritt du, sobald die Stunde dich gelegen führt,
Zu diesem Haus ein, auszuspäh'n, was hier geschieht,
40
Auf daß du klar uns meldest, was du wohl erforscht.
Unkenntlich schuf dich Alter und die lange Zeit,
Und vor Verdacht bewahrt dich dieser Blumenschmuck.
1
Doch also sprich zu jenen, daß ein Fremdling du,
Ein Phoker seiest, abgesandt von Phanoteus;
2
45
Denn dieser Mann ist ihres Hauses bester Freund.
Mit Eid betheuernd, melde dann, Orestes sei
Dahingeschieden durch ein unerbittlich Loos,
Bei Kämpfen Pytho's aus dem raschhinrollenden
3
Rennwagen stürzend. Also sei der Rede Sinn.
50
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 23 focus
Chorus
233
Things of moment
Require deliberation and delay.
Things of moment
Require deliberation and delay.
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 23 focus
Electra
Have then my ills a bound? Say, can the heart
Feel a just sense of virtue, and forget
A murder'd parent? Nature at the thought
Is shock'd. From them no honour would I have;
Nor, were I wedded to some worthy man,
Would I live with him hushing all my griefs
To peace, and checking their shrill-sounding flight,
My father so disgracing. If the dead,
As earth, and nothing more, neglected lies,
And if no vengeance waits their crimes, farewell
To shame, farewell to piety 'mongst men.
Have then my ills a bound? Say, can the heart
Feel a just sense of virtue, and forget
A murder'd parent? Nature at the thought
Is shock'd. From them no honour would I have;
Nor, were I wedded to some worthy man,
Would I live with him hushing all my griefs
To peace, and checking their shrill-sounding flight,
My father so disgracing. If the dead,
As earth, and nothing more, neglected lies,
And if no vengeance waits their crimes, farewell
To shame, farewell to piety 'mongst men.
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 1-120 focus
Paedagogus
Son of him who once commanded our forces at
Troy
, son of Agamemnon!—now you may survey all that your heart has desired for so long. There is the ancient
Argos
of your yearning,
1
that consecrated land from which the gad-fly drove the daughter of Inachus; there, Orestes, is the Lycean market place, named from the wolf-slaying god; there on the left is Hera’s famous temple; and in this place to which we have come, know that you see
Mycenae
, the rich in gold,
5
and here the house of Pelops’ heirs, so often stained with bloodshed. Long ago from here, away from the murder of your father, I carried you for her whose blood is yours, your sister, and saved you and reared you up to manhood to be the avenger of your murdered father.
10
Now, therefore, Orestes, and you, best of allies, Pylades, our plan of action must be quickly laid; for look, already the sun’s bright ray is stirring the birds’ songs into clarity, and the kindly darkness of the stars is spent.
15
Before, then, anyone comes out from the house, we must make our plans, since we are at the point where it is no longer opportune to hesitate, but it is the moment for action.
20
23
Son of him who once commanded our forces at
Troy
, son of Agamemnon!—now you may survey all that your heart has desired for so long. There is the ancient
Argos
of your yearning,
1
that consecrated land from which the gad-fly drove the daughter of Inachus; there, Orestes, is the Lycean market place, named from the wolf-slaying god; there on the left is Hera’s famous temple; and in this place to which we have come, know that you see
Mycenae
, the rich in gold,
5
and here the house of Pelops’ heirs, so often stained with bloodshed. Long ago from here, away from the murder of your father, I carried you for her whose blood is yours, your sister, and saved you and reared you up to manhood to be the avenger of your murdered father.
10
Now, therefore, Orestes, and you, best of allies, Pylades, our plan of action must be quickly laid; for look, already the sun’s bright ray is stirring the birds’ songs into clarity, and the kindly darkness of the stars is spent.
15
Before, then, anyone comes out from the house, we must make our plans, since we are at the point where it is no longer opportune to hesitate, but it is the moment for action.
20
Orestes
True friend and follower, how well you prove your loyalty to our house!
Just as a thoroughbred mount, even if advanced in years, does not lose courage in danger, but pricks up his ears, so you speed us forward and follow in the first ranks. I will tell you, then, what I have determined.
25
Listen closely to my words and correct me, if I miss the mark in any way.
When I went to the Pythian oracle to learn how I might avenge my father on his murderers,
30
Phoebus gave me the commandment which you will now hear: that alone, and by stealth, without the aid of arms or large numbers, I should carry off my right hand’s just slaughters. Accordingly, since I received this divine declaration, you must go into that house there
35
when opportunity gives you entrance, and learn all that is happening, so that you may report to us out of sure knowledge. Your age and the lapse of time will prevent them from recognizing you; they will never suspect who you are with that silvered hair. Let your story be that you are a Phocian stranger
40
sent by Phanoteus, since he is the greatest of their allies. Tell them, and affirm it with your oath, that Orestes has perished by a fatal chance, hurled at the Pythian games
45
from his speeding chariot. Let that be the substance of your message. Meanwhile, we will first crown my father’s tomb as the god ordered with libations and the luxuriant tribute of a severed lock; then we will return here, bearing in our hands an urn of hammered bronze
50
—now hidden, as you no doubt know, in the brushwood—so that we may gladden them with the false tidings that this body of mine exists no more, but has been consumed with fire and reduced to ashes. How does it hurt me, when by feigned death
55
I find true life and win renown? No word is ill-omened, I trust, if it yields gain. For often before now I have seen clever men die in false report; then, when they return home, they are held in greater honor.
60
And so for myself I trust that as a result of this rumor I, too, shall live, shining down like a star upon my enemies.
But you, O my fatherland and native gods of my soil, receive me with good fortune in this journey, and you also, house of my ancestors,
65
since I come by divine mandate to cleanse you as justice demands. Do not dismiss me from this land in dishonor, but grant that I may rule over my possessions and restore my house!
I have said enough. Go now, old one, and take care to watch over your task.
70
The two of us will depart; for so opportunity bids, chief ruler of every enterprise for men.
75
77
Within.
True friend and follower, how well you prove your loyalty to our house!
Just as a thoroughbred mount, even if advanced in years, does not lose courage in danger, but pricks up his ears, so you speed us forward and follow in the first ranks. I will tell you, then, what I have determined.
25
Listen closely to my words and correct me, if I miss the mark in any way.
When I went to the Pythian oracle to learn how I might avenge my father on his murderers,
30
When I went to the Pythian oracle to learn how I might avenge my father on his murderers,
Phoebus gave me the commandment which you will now hear: that alone, and by stealth, without the aid of arms or large numbers, I should carry off my right hand’s just slaughters. Accordingly, since I received this divine declaration, you must go into that house there
35
when opportunity gives you entrance, and learn all that is happening, so that you may report to us out of sure knowledge. Your age and the lapse of time will prevent them from recognizing you; they will never suspect who you are with that silvered hair. Let your story be that you are a Phocian stranger
40
sent by Phanoteus, since he is the greatest of their allies. Tell them, and affirm it with your oath, that Orestes has perished by a fatal chance, hurled at the Pythian games
45
from his speeding chariot. Let that be the substance of your message. Meanwhile, we will first crown my father’s tomb as the god ordered with libations and the luxuriant tribute of a severed lock; then we will return here, bearing in our hands an urn of hammered bronze
50
—now hidden, as you no doubt know, in the brushwood—so that we may gladden them with the false tidings that this body of mine exists no more, but has been consumed with fire and reduced to ashes. How does it hurt me, when by feigned death
55
I find true life and win renown? No word is ill-omened, I trust, if it yields gain. For often before now I have seen clever men die in false report; then, when they return home, they are held in greater honor.
60
And so for myself I trust that as a result of this rumor I, too, shall live, shining down like a star upon my enemies.
But you, O my fatherland and native gods of my soil, receive me with good fortune in this journey, and you also, house of my ancestors,
65
But you, O my fatherland and native gods of my soil, receive me with good fortune in this journey, and you also, house of my ancestors,
since I come by divine mandate to cleanse you as justice demands. Do not dismiss me from this land in dishonor, but grant that I may rule over my possessions and restore my house!
I have said enough. Go now, old one, and take care to watch over your task.
70
I have said enough. Go now, old one, and take care to watch over your task.
The two of us will depart; for so opportunity bids, chief ruler of every enterprise for men.
75
Electra
ah, me, ah, joyless me!
ah, me, ah, joyless me!
Paedagogus
Listen, my son; from the doors of the house, I think, came the sound of some serving girl moaning inside.
Listen, my son; from the doors of the house, I think, came the sound of some serving girl moaning inside.
Orestes
Can it be my joyless Electra? Shall we remain here and listen to her cries?
80
Can it be my joyless Electra? Shall we remain here and listen to her cries?
80
Paedagogus
No, no; before all else, let us strive to obey the commands of Loxias and from them make a fair beginning by pouring libations to your father. For such actions bring
victory within our grasp and give us mastery in all our doings.
Exeunt Paedagogus on the spectators left, Orestes and Pylades on the right.
85
86
Enter Electra, from the house.
No, no; before all else, let us strive to obey the commands of Loxias and from them make a fair beginning by pouring libations to your father. For such actions bring
victory within our grasp and give us mastery in all our doings.
Exeunt Paedagogus on the spectators left, Orestes and Pylades on the right.
85
Electra
O you pure sunlight, and you air, light’s equal partner over earth, how often have you heard the chords of my laments
and the thudding blows against this bloodied breast at the time of gloomy night’s leaving off! My accursed bed in that house of suffering there knows well already how I observe my night-long rites—how often I bewail my miserable
90
father, whom bloody Ares did not welcome with deadly gifts in a foreign land, but my mother and her bedfellow Aegisthus split his head with murderous axe, just as woodmen chop an oak.
95
And for this crime no pitying cry bursts from any lips but mine, when you, Father, have died a death so cruel and so deserving of pity!
100
103
O you pure sunlight, and you air, light’s equal partner over earth, how often have you heard the chords of my laments
and the thudding blows against this bloodied breast at the time of gloomy night’s leaving off! My accursed bed in that house of suffering there knows well already how I observe my night-long rites—how often I bewail my miserable
90
father, whom bloody Ares did not welcome with deadly gifts in a foreign land, but my mother and her bedfellow Aegisthus split his head with murderous axe, just as woodmen chop an oak.
95
And for this crime no pitying cry bursts from any lips but mine, when you, Father, have died a death so cruel and so deserving of pity!
100
But never will I end from cries and bitter lamentation,
while I look on the stars’ glistening flashes or on this light of day. No, like the nightingale, slayer of her offspring, I will wail without ceasing, and cry aloud to all here at the doors of my father.
105
O House of Hades and Persephone! O Hermes of the shades! O potent Curse, and you fearsome daughters of the gods, the Erinyes, who take note when a life is unjustly taken, when a marriage-bed is thievishly dishonored,
110
come, help me, bring vengeance for the murder of my father and send me my brother. I no longer have the strength to hold up alone against
115
the load of grief that crushes me.
120
But never will I end from cries and bitter lamentation,
while I look on the stars’ glistening flashes or on this light of day. No, like the nightingale, slayer of her offspring, I will wail without ceasing, and cry aloud to all here at the doors of my father.
105
O House of Hades and Persephone! O Hermes of the shades! O potent Curse, and you fearsome daughters of the gods, the Erinyes, who take note when a life is unjustly taken, when a marriage-bed is thievishly dishonored,
110
come, help me, bring vengeance for the murder of my father and send me my brother. I no longer have the strength to hold up alone against
115
the load of grief that crushes me.
120