Sophocles Electra 23

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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EL
Full well I feel that too impatiently
145
I seem to multiply the sounds of woe.
145
Yet suffer me, dear women! Mighty force
145
Compels me. Who that had a noble heart
145
And saw her father’s cause, as I have done,
145
By day and night more outraged, could refrain?
145
Are my woes lessening? Are they not in bloom?—
145
My mother full of hate and hateful proved,
145
Whilst I in my own home must dwell with these,
My father’s murderers, and by them be ruled,
Dependent on their bounty even for bread.
And then what days suppose you I must pass,
When I behold Aegisthus on the throne
That was my father’s; when I see him wear
Such robes, and pour libations by the hearth
Where he destroyed him; lastly, when I see
Their crowning insolence,—our regicide
Laid in my father’s chamber beside her,
My mother—if she still must bear the name
When resting in those arms? Her shame is dead.
She harbours with blood-guiltiness, and fears
No vengeance, but, as laughing at the wrong,
She watches for the hour wherein with guile
She killed our sire, and orders dance and mirth
That day o’ the month, and joyful sacrifice
Of thanksgiving. But I within the house
Beholding, weep and pine, and mourn that feast
Of infamy, called by my father’s name,
All to myself; for not even grief may flow
As largely as my spirit would desire.
That so-called princess of a noble race
O’ercrows my wailing with loud obloquy:
‘Hilding! are you alone in grief? Are none
Mourning for loss of fathers but yourself?
‘Fore the blest Gods! ill may you thrive, and ne’er
Find cure of sorrow from the powers below!’
So she insults: unless she hear one say
‘Orestes will arrive’: then standing close,
She shouts like one possessed into mine ear,
‘These are your doings, this your work, I trow.
150
You stole Orestes from my gripe, and placed
150
His life with fosterers; but you shall pay
150
Full penalty.’ So harsh is her exclaim.
150
And he at hand, the husband she extols,
150
Hounds on the cry, that prince of cowardice,
150
From head to foot one mass of pestilent harm.
150
Tongue-doughty champion of this women’s-war.
150
I, for Orestes ever languishing
To end this, am undone. For evermore
Intending, still delaying, he wears out
All hope, both here and yonder. How, then, friends,
Can I be moderate, or feel the touch
Of holy resignation? Evil fruit
Cannot but follow on a life of ill.

Electra. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 23 focus
ὦ φίλτατ᾿ ἀνδρῶν προσπόλων, ὥς μοι σαφῆ
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 1-120 focus
Translations (4)
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 23 focus
bester Diener, liebster Mann, wie legst du mir
Der Treue Zeichen gegen uns so deutlich dar!
Denn wie das Noß aus edler Art, obschon betagt,
25
In keiner Schreckniß und Gefahr den Muth verliert,
Nein, stolz das Ohr aufrichtet: also du, der uns
Zum Kampfe treibt und selbst der Ersten Einer folgt.
Drum will ich offenbaren, was ich ausgedacht;
Doch du vergönne meinem Wort ein scharfes Ohr,
30
Und traf ich nicht das Rechte, gib mir andern Rath.
Nachdem ich angekommen war bei'm pythischen
Orakel, dort zu fragen, wie des Vaters Tod
Ich rächen mög' an jenen, die ihn mordeten,
Gebot mir Phöbos also, wie du gleich vernimmst:
35
Den Streich gerechter Rache mit geheimer List
Allein zu führen, nicht bewehrt mit Schild und Heer.
Nun, da mir solcher Gottesspruch verkündet ward,
Tritt du, sobald die Stunde dich gelegen führt,
Zu diesem Haus ein, auszuspäh'n, was hier geschieht,
40
Auf daß du klar uns meldest, was du wohl erforscht.
Unkenntlich schuf dich Alter und die lange Zeit,
Und vor Verdacht bewahrt dich dieser Blumenschmuck. 1
Doch also sprich zu jenen, daß ein Fremdling du,
Ein Phoker seiest, abgesandt von Phanoteus; 2
45
Denn dieser Mann ist ihres Hauses bester Freund.
Mit Eid betheuernd, melde dann, Orestes sei
Dahingeschieden durch ein unerbittlich Loos,
Bei Kämpfen Pytho's aus dem raschhinrollenden 3
Rennwagen stürzend. Also sei der Rede Sinn.
50
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 23 focus
Chorus
233
Things of moment
Require deliberation and delay.
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 23 focus
Electra
Have then my ills a bound? Say, can the heart
Feel a just sense of virtue, and forget
A murder'd parent? Nature at the thought
Is shock'd. From them no honour would I have;
Nor, were I wedded to some worthy man,
Would I live with him hushing all my griefs
To peace, and checking their shrill-sounding flight,
My father so disgracing. If the dead,
As earth, and nothing more, neglected lies,
And if no vengeance waits their crimes, farewell
To shame, farewell to piety 'mongst men.
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 1-120 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-84-1 νήπιος 1

mvp-comment-84-2 γονέων 2

mvp-comment-85-1 ἐμέ γ’ … ἄραρεν 3

mvp-comment-85-2 φρένας 4

mvp-comment-86-1 αἰὲν Ἴτυν 5

mvp-comment-87-1 ὄρνις 6

mvp-comment-87-2 ἀτυζομένα 7

mvp-comment-87-3 Διὸς ἄγγελος 8

mvp-comment-88-1 Νιόβα, σὲ δ’ 9 θεόν 10

mvp-comment-88-2 ἅτ’ 11

mvp-comment-88-3 ἐν τάφῳ πετραίῳ 12

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

86-250. mvp-comment-59-1 In this long lament there are two principal movements, each of which admits of subdivision. First, the monody of Electra, consisting of two anapaestic systems, of which one (ll. 86-102) is retrospective, and the other (ll. 103-120) is prospective. Secondly, there is the commatic parodos :-the chorus on their entrance address Electra with lyric strains, to which she responds also in lyric measures. This movement consists of three strophes and antistrophes. In στρ. and ἀντ. α' (ll. 121-152), the chorus gently, but gloomily, expostulate with Electra, who is inconsolable. In στρ. and ἀντ. β΄ (ll. 153-192), they vainly try to cheer her. In στρ. and ἀντ. γ΄ (ll. 193- 232), they remind her of her past and present troubles, and exhort her not to add to them. All this is followed by a ῥῆσις of Electra (ll. 254-309) in reply to the coryphaeus, who, at l. 324, again speaks to call attention to Chrysothemis' approach.

86-250. mvp-comment-59-2 Metres. The anapaests in 86-120, although for the most part regular are in so far of the freer kind which belong to laments as to admit the spondaic paroemiacs near the commencement of each system in ll. 88, 9, 105, 6, which, with the opening half line, have a strange effect of heaviness and of struggle and pain. The two systems so nearly correspond, both in this respect and in the number of the lines, that one is tempted to believe that the half line that would complete the antistrophic effect has been lost somewhere between 113 and 117. But anapaestic systems are seldom exactly antistrophic, and the pause after the (dactylic) invocation in l. 115 may be intentional.

146. mvp-comment-91-1 ἐμέ γ᾽ ὁ στονόεσσ᾽ ἄραρεν φρένας] That creature of lament is congenial to my soul.' Is the swallow or the nightingale the bird intended here? The nightingale was mentioned above (l. 107), and is spoken of by Sappho, quoted by the Scholiast on this passage, as the messenger of Spring-ἦρος ἄγγελος ἰμερόφωνος ἀηδών. On the other hand, the swallow is more generally represented in this way, and the lines of Horace, Od. 4. 12. 5 foll., Nidum ponit, Ityn flebiliter gemens,' etc., certainly refer to Procne, who was usually thought to have been changed into a swallow. But of the legend of Tereus there seem to have been many conflicting modifications. The word ἀτυζομένα may be fancifully suggestive of the uncertain, 'bewildered' flight of the swallow. But the mention of song, both here and in the passage of Horace, agrees better with the thought of the nightingale. In any case the Scholiast is probably right in explaining Διὸς ἄγγελος of the intimation of Spring and the beginning of the Διὸς μεγάλου ἐνιαυτός. The nightingale or swallow, thus distinguished with Divine favour, is also the most sorrowful of birds.

150. mvp-comment-92-1 σὲ δ᾽ ἔγωγε νέμω θεόν] I count thee Divine,' i.e. blessed, -μακαρίζω σέ.

151-152. mvp-comment-93-1 Cp. Ant. 823-32. The prehistoric colossal figure cut out of the rock on a northward crag of Mount Sipylus, so as to be visible from the plain below Sardes, is supposed by Prof. Sayce, who has examined it, to have originally represented some elemental deity, possibly Cybele, but uncertain whether male or female. It was from an early period identified by the Greek settlers with the Niobe of Theban and Argive legend. The limestone drippings from the over-hanging rock have produced an incrustation about face, chest, and lap (the image is in a sitting posture)-that, quite apart from poetical description, is wonderfully suggestive of a flood of tears. This πετραία βλάστα (Ant. 827) must have been apparent before the time of Sophocles. It is less distinctly suggested by the words in Homer, Il. 24. 617, θεῶν ἐκ κήδεα πέσσει. Prof. Sayce adds that the θεάων · εὐναὶ νυμφάων of Il. 1. c. (in reality prehistoric tombs) are still distinctly recognisable in the crags on either side: also that just below the Niobe was a large lake, which was drained some forty years ago, when the columns of a Greek temple were found at the bottom. This, Mr. Sayce thinks, must have been the site of the city of Sipylus, which was overthrown by an earthquake in the time of Tiberius, and the ruins covered by the waters of a lake. All that now remains of the lake is a small pool at the foot of the crag on which the figure of Niobe is carved, along with a stream. Both stream and pool are fed by a number of springs, some of which are warm and saline; and the pool is called by the modern Greeks the tears of Niobe.'