Messenger
Help!
1
ho! To the rescue all who near the palace stand! She hath hung herself, our queen, the wife of Theseus.
Chorus
Woe worth the day! the deed is done; our royal mistress is no more, dead she hangs in the dangling noose.
Messenger
Haste!
2
some one bring a two-edged knife wherewith to cut the knot about her neck!
780
1st Half Chorus
Friends, what shall we do? think you we should enter the house, and loose the queen from the tight-drawn noose?
2nd Half Chorus
Why should we? Are there not young servants here?
To do too much is not a safe course in life.
785
Messenger
Lay
3
out the hapless corpse, straighten the limbs. This was a bitter way to sit at home and keep my master’s house!
[Exit Messenger.
Chorus
She is dead, poor lady, so I hear. Already are they laying out the corpse.
Theseus
Ladies, can ye tell me what the uproar in the palace means? There came the sound of servants weeping bitterly to mine ear. None of my household deign to open wide the gates and give me glad welcome as a traveller from prophetic shrines.
790
Hath aught befallen old Pittheus?
No. Though he be well advanced in years, yet should I mourn, were he to quit this house.
795
Chorus
’Tis not against the old, Theseus, that fate, to strike thee, aims this blow; prepare thy sorrow for a younger corpse.
Theseus
Woe is me! is it a child’s life death robs me of?
Chorus
They live; but, cruellest news of all for thee, their mother is no more.
800
Theseus
What! my wife dead? By what cruel mischance?
Chorus
About her neck she tied the hangman’s knot.
Theseus
Had grief so chilled her blood? or what had befallen her?
Chorus
I know but this, for I am myself but now arrived at the house
to mourn thy sorrows, O Theseus.
805
Theseus
Woe is me! why have I crowned my head with woven garlands, when misfortune greets my embassage? Unbolt the doors, servants,
loose their fastenings, that I may see the piteous sight,
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my wife, whose death is death to me.
[The palace opens, disclosing the corpse.
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811
Chorus
Woe! woe is thee for thy piteous lot! thou hast done thyself a hurt deep enough to overthrow this family. Ah! ah! the daring of it! done to death by violence and unnatural means, the desperate effort
of thy own poor hand! Who cast the shadow o’er thy life, poor lady?
815
Theseus
Ah me, my cruel lot! sorrow hath done her worst on me. O fortune, how heavily hast thou set thy foot on me and on my house,
by fiendish hands inflicting an unexpected stain? Nay, ’tis complete effacement of my life, making it impossible; for I see, alas! so wide an ocean of grief that I can never swim to shore again, nor breast the tide of this calamity.
820
How shall I speak of thee, my poor wife, what tale of direst suffering tell? Thou art vanished like a bird from the covert of my hand, taking one headlong leap from me to Hades’ halls.
Alas, and woe! this is a bitter, bitter sight! This must be a judgment sent by God for the sins of an ancestor, which from some far source I am bringing on myself.
830
834
Chorus
My prince, ’tis not to thee alone such sorrows come;
thou hast lost a noble wife, but so have many others.
835
Theseus
Fain would I go hide me ’neath earth’s blackest depth, to dwell in darkness with the dead in misery, now that I am reft of thy dear presence! for thou hast slain me than thyself e’en more.
Who can tell me what caused the fatal stroke that reached thy heart, dear wife? Will no one tell me what befell?
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doth my palace all in vain give shelter to a herd of menials? Woe, woe for thee, my wife! sorrows past speech, past bearing, I behold within my house; myself a ruined man, my home a solitude, my children orphans!
845
Chorus
Gone
4
and left us hast thou, fondest wife and noblest of all women
’neath the sun’s bright eye or night’s star-lit radiance.
5
850
Chorus
Poor house, what sorrows are thy portion now! My eyes are wet with streams of tears to see thy fate;
but the sequel to this tragedy has long with terror filled me.
855
856
Theseus
Ha! what means this letter? clasped in her dear hand it hath some strange tale to tell. Hath she, poor lady, as a last request, written her bidding as to my marriage and her children?
Take heart, poor ghost; no wife henceforth shall wed thy Theseus or invade his house. Ah! how yon seal of my dead wife stamped with her golden ring affects my sight! Come, I will unfold the sealed packet
860
and read her letter’s message to me.
865
Chorus
Woe unto us! Here is yet another evil in the train by heaven sent. Looking to what has happened, I should count my lot in life no longer worth one’s while to gain.
6
My master’s house,
alas! is ruined, brought to naught, I say.
7
Spare it, O Heaven, if it may be. Hearken to my prayer, for I see, as with prophetic eye, an omen boding mischief.
870
874
Theseus
O horror! woe on woe!
and still they come, too deep for words, too heavy to bear. Ah me!
875
Chorus
What is it? speak, if I may share in it.
Theseus
This letter loudly tells a hideous tale! where can I escape my load of woe? For I am ruined and undone, so awful are the words I find here written clear
as if she cried them to me; woe is me!
880
Chorus
Alas! thy words declare themselves the harbingers of woe.
Theseus
I can no longer keep the cursed tale within the portal of my lips, cruel though its utterance be. Ah me!
Hippolytus hath dared by brutal force to violate my honour, recking naught of Zeus, whose awful eye is over all. O father Poseidon, once didst thou promise to fulfil three prayers of mine ; answer one of these and slay my son, let him not escape this single day,
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if the prayers thou gavest me were indeed with issue fraught.
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Chorus
O king, I do conjure thee, call back that prayer; hereafter thou wilt know thy error. Hear, I pray.
Theseus
Impossible! Moreover I will banish him from this land, and by one of two fates shall he be struck down;
either Poseidon, out of respect to my prayer, will cast his dead body into the house of Hades; or exiled from this land, a wanderer to some foreign shore, shall he eke out a life of misery.
895
Chorus
Lo! where himself doth come, thy son Hippolytus, in good time;
dismiss thy hurtful rage, King Theseus, and bethink thee what is best for thy family.
900
Hippolytus
I heard thy voice, father, and hasted to come hither; yet know I not the cause of thy present
8
sorrow, but would fain learn of thee.
Ha! what is this? thy wife a corpse I see; this is passing strange; ’twas but now I left her; a moment since she looked upon the light.
905
How came she thus? the manner of her death?
this would I learn of thee, father. Art dumb? silence availeth not in trouble; nay, for the heart that fain would know all must show its curiosity even in sorrow’s hour. Be sure it is not right, father,
910
to hide misfortunes from those who love, ay, more than love thee.
915
Theseus
O ye sons of men, victims of a thousand idle errors, why teach your countless crafts, why scheme and seek to find a way for everything, while one thing ye know not nor ever yet have made your prize,
a way to teach them wisdom whose souls are void of sense?
920
Hippolytus
A very master in his craft the man, who can force fools to be wise! But these ill-timed subtleties of thine, father, make me fear thy tongue is running riot through trouble.
Theseus
Fie upon thee! man needs should have some certain test set up to try his friends, some touchstone of their hearts, to know each friend whether he be true or false; all men should have two voices, one the voice of honesty, expediency’s the other,
925
so would honesty confute its knavish opposite, and then we could not be deceived.
930
Hippolytus
Say, hath some friend been slandering me and hath he still thine ear? am I, though guiltless, banned? I am amazed indeed;
thy random, frantic words fill me with wild alarm.
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936
Theseus
O the mind of mortal man! to what lengths will it proceed? What limit will its bold assurance have? for if it goes on growing as man’s life advances, and each successor outdo the man before him
in villainy, the gods will have to add another sphere unto the world, which shall take in the knaves and villains.
940
Behold this man; he, my own son, hath outraged mine honour, his guilt most clearly proved
by my dead wife. Now, since thou hast dared this loathly crime, come, look thy father in the face. Art thou the man who dost with gods consort, as one above the vulgar herd? art thou the chaste and sinless saint?
945
Thy boasts will never persuade me to be guilty of attributing ignorance to gods. Go then, vaunt thyself, and drive1
9
thy petty trade in viands formed of lifeless food; take Orpheus for thy chief and go a-revelling, with all honour for the vapourings of many a written scroll,
950
seeing thou now art caught. Let all beware, I say, of such hypocrites! who hunt their prey with fine words, and all the while are scheming villainy. She is dead; dost think that this will save thee? Why this convicts thee more than all, abandoned wretch!
955
What oaths, what pleas can outweigh this letter, so that thou shouldst ’scape thy doom? Thou wilt assert she hated thee, that ’twixt the bastard and the true-born child nature has herself put war; it seems then by thy showing she made a sorry bargain with her life,
960
if to gratify her hate of thee she lost what most she prized. ’Tis said, no doubt, that frailty finds no place in man but is innate in woman; my experience is, young men are no more secure than women, whenso the Queen of Love excites a youthful breast;
965
although their sex comes in to help them.
10
Yet why do I thus bandy words with thee, when before me lies the corpse, to be the clearest witness? Begone at once, an exile from this land, and ne’er set foot again in god-built Athens
970
nor in the confines of my dominion. For if I am tamely to submit to this treatment from such as thee, no more will Sinis,
11
robber of the Isthmus, bear me witness how I slew him, but say my boasts are idle, nor will those rocks Scironian, that fringe the sea,
975
call me the miscreants’ scourge.
980
Chorus
I know not how to call happy any child of man; for that which was first has turned and now is last.
983
Hippolytus
Father, thy wrath and the tension of thy mind are terrible; yet this charge, specious though its arguments appear,
becomes a calumny, if one lay it bare. Small skill have I in speaking to a crowd, but have a readier wit for comrades of mine own age and small companies. Yea, and this is as it should be; for they, whom the wise despise, are better qualified to speak before a mob.
985
Yet am I constrained under the present circumstances to break silence. And at the outset will I take the point which formed the basis of thy stealthy attack on me, designed to put me out of court unheard; dost see yon sun, this earth? These do not contain,
990
for all thou dost deny it, chastity surpassing mine. To reverence God I count the highest knowledge, and to adopt as friends not those who attempt injustice, but such as would blush to propose to their companions aught disgraceful or pleasure them by shameful services;
995
to mock at friends is not my way, father, but I am still the same behind their backs as to their face. The very crime thou thinkest to catch me in, is just the one I am untainted with, for to this day have I kept me pure from women. Nor know I aught thereof, save what I hear
1000
or see in pictures, for I have no wish to look even on these, so pure my virgin soul. I grant my claim to chastity may not convince thee; well, ’tis then for thee to show the way I was corrupted. Did this woman exceed in beauty
1005
all her sex? Did I aspire to fill the husband’s place after thee and succeed to thy house?
12
That surely would have made me out a fool, a creature void of sense. Thou wilt say,
Your chaste man loves to lord it. No, no! say I, sovereignty pleases only those
1010
whose hearts are quite corrupt. Now, I would be the first and best at all the games in Hellas, but second in the state, for ever happy thus with the noblest for my friends. For there one may be happy, and the absence of danger
1015
gives a charm beyond all princely joys.
1020
One thing I have not said, the rest thou hast. Had I a witness to attest my purity, and were I pitted ’gainst her still alive, facts would show thee on enquiry who the culprit was.
Now by Zeus, the god of oaths, and by the earth, whereon we stand, I swear to thee I never did lay hand upon thy wife nor would have wished to, or have harboured such a thought Slay me, ye gods! rob me of name and honour, from home and city cast me forth, a wandering exile o’er the earth!
1025
nor sea nor land receive my bones when I am dead, if I am such a miscreant! I cannot say if she through fear destroyed herself, for more than this am I forbid. With her discretion took the place of chastity,
1030
while I, though chaste, was not discreet in using this virtue.
13
1035
Chorus
Thy oath by heaven, strong security, sufficiently refutes the charge.
Theseus
A wizard or magician must the fellow be, to think he can first flout me, his father,
then by coolness master my resolve.
1040
Hippolytus
Father, thy part in this doth fill me with amaze; wert thou my son and I thy sire, by heaven! I would have slain, not let thee off with banishment, hadst thou presumed to violate my honour.
Theseus
A just remark! yet shalt thou not die by the sentence thine own lips pronounce upon thyself; for death, that cometh in a moment, is an easy end for wretchedness. Nay, thou shalt be exiled from thy fatherland,
and wandering to a foreign shore drag out a life of misery;
1045
for such are the wages of sin.
14
1050
Hippolytus
Oh! what wilt thou do? Wilt thou banish me, without so much as waiting for Time’s evidence on my case?
Theseus
Ay, beyond the sea, beyond the bounds of Atlas, if I could, so deeply do I hate thee.
Hippolytus
What! banish me untried, without even testing my oath, the pledge I offer, or the voice of seers?
1055
Theseus
This letter here, though it bears no seers’ signs, arraigns thy pledges; as for birds that fly o’er our heads, a long farewell to them.
1060
Hippolytus
(aside). Great gods! why do I not unlock my lips, seeing that I am ruined by you, the objects of my reverence? No, I will not; I should nowise persuade those whom I ought to, and in vain should break the oath I swore.
1060
Theseus
Fie upon thee! that solemn air of thine is more than I can bear.
Begone from thy native land forthwith!
1065
Hippolytus
Whither shall I turn? Ah me! whose friendly house will take me in, an exile on so grave a charge?
Theseus
Seek one who loves to entertain as guests and partners in his crimes corrupters of men’s wives.
Hippolytus
Ah me! this wounds my heart and brings me nigh to tears to think that I should appear so vile, and thou believe me so.
1070
Theseus
Thy tears and forethought had been more in season when thou didst presume to outrage thy father’s wife.
Hippolytus
O house, I would thou couldst speak for me and witness if I am so vile!
Theseus
Dost fly to speechless witnesses? This deed, though it speaketh not, proves thy guilt clearly.
Hippolytus
Alas! Would I could stand and face myself, so should I weep to see the sorrows I endure.
Theseus
Ay, ’tis thy character to honour thyself far more than reverence thy parents, as thou shouldst.
1080
Hippolytus
Unhappy mother! son of sorrow! Heaven keep all friends of mine from bastard birth!
Theseus
Ho! servants, drag him hence! You heard
my proclamation long ago condemning him to exile.
1085
Hippolytus
Whoso of them doth lay a hand on me shall rue it; thyself expel me, if thy spirit move thee, from the land.
Theseus
I will, unless my word thou straight obey; no pity for thy exile steals into my heart.
[Exit Theseus.
Hippolytus
The sentence then, it seems, is passed. Ah, misery I How well I know the truth herein, but know no way to tell it! O daughter of Latona, dearest to me of all deities, partner, comrade in the chase, far from glorious Athens must I fly. Farewell, city
1090
and land of Erechtheus; farewell, Troezen, most joyous home wherein to pass the spring of life; ’tis my last sight of thee, farewell!
1095
Come, my comrades in this land, young like me, greet me kindly and escort me forth,
for never will ye behold a purer soul, for all my father’s doubts.
[Exit Hippolytus.
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Hippolytus. Euripides. Edward P. Coleridge (Translator). London. 1906.
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