Pausanias, Description of Greece, ed. Friedrich Spiro, 6.3

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[1]
Δαμίσκου δὲ ἐγγύτατα ἕστηκεν ἀνὴρ ὅστις δή, τὸ γὰρ ὄνομα οὐ λέγουσιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, Πτολεμαίου δὲ ἀνάθημά ἐστι τοῦ Λάγου· Μακεδόνα δὲ αὑτὸν ὁ Πτολεμαῖος ἐν τῷ ἐπιγράμματι ἐκάλεσε, βασιλεύων ὅμως Αἰγύπτου. Χαιρέᾳ δὲ Σικυωνίῳ πύκτῃ παιδὶ ἐπίγραμμά ἐστιν ὡς νικήσειεν ἡλικίαν νέος καὶ ὡς πατρὸς εἴη Χαιρήμονος, γέγραπται δὲ καὶ ὁ τὸν ἀνδριάντα 0 εἰργασμένος Ἀστερίων Αἰσχύλου.

[2] μετὰ δὲ τὸν Χαιρέαν Μεσσήνιός τε παῖς Σόφιος καὶ ἀνὴρ Ἠλεῖος ἀνάκειται Στόμιος, καὶ τῷ μὲν τοὺς συνθέοντας τῶν παίδων παρελθεῖν, Στομίῳ δὲ πενταθλοῦντι ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ Νεμείων τρεῖς ὑπῆρξεν ἀνελέσθαι νίκας. τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ καὶ τάδε ἐπιλέγει, τῆς ἵππου τε Ἠλείοις αὐτὸν ἡγούμενον ἀναστῆσαι τρόπαια καὶ ἄνδρα τοῖς πολεμίοις στρατηγοῦντα ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Στομίου, μονομαχήσαντά οἱ κατὰ πρόκλησιν·

[3] εἶναι δὲ αὐτὸν ἐκ Σικυῶνος οἱ Ἠλεῖοί φασι καὶ ἄρχειν Σικυωνίων, στρατεῦσαι δὲ ἐπὶ Σικυῶνα αὐτοὶ φιλίᾳ Θηβαίων ὁμοῦ τῇ ἐκ Βοιωτίας δυνάμει. φαίνοιτο ἂν οὖν ἡ ἐπὶ Σικυῶνα Ἠλείων καὶ Θηβαίων στρατεία γεγενῆσθαι μετὰ τὸ ἀτύχημα Λακεδαιμονίων τὸ ἐν Λεύκτροις.

[4]
ἐφεξῆς δὲ ἀνάκειται μὲν πύκτης ἐκ Λεπρέου τοῦ Ἠλείων, Λάβαξ Εὔφρονος, ἀνάκειται δὲ καὶ ἐξ αὐτῆς Ἤλιδος παλαιστὴς ἀνὴρ Ἀριστόδημος Θράσιδος· γεγόνασι δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ Πυθοῖ δύο νῖκαι, ἡ δὲ εἰκών ἐστι τοῦ Ἀριστοδήμου τέχνη Δαιδάλου τοῦ Σικυωνίου, μαθητοῦ καὶ πατρὸς Πατροκλέους.

[5] Ἵππον δὲ Ἠλεῖον πυγμῇ παῖδας κρατήσαντα ἐποίησε Δαμόκριτος Σικυώνιος, ὃς ἐς πέμπτον διδάσκαλον ἀνῄει τὸν Ἀττικὸν Κριτίαν· Πτόλιχος μὲν γὰρ ἔμαθεν ὁ Κορκυραῖος παρʼ αὐτῷ Κριτίᾳ, Πτολίχου δὲ ἦν μαθητὴς Ἀμφίων, Πίσων δὲ ἀνὴρ ἐκ Καλαυρείας ἐδιδάχθη παρʼ Ἀμφίονι, ὁ δὲ παρὰ τῷ Πίσωνι Δαμόκριτος.

[6] Κρατῖνος δὲ ἐξ Αἰγείρας 0 τῆς Ἀχαιῶν τότε ἐγένετο κάλλιστος τῶν ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ σὺν τέχνῃ μάλιστα ἐπάλαισε, καταπαλαίσαντι δὲ αὐτῷ τοὺς παῖδας προσαναστῆσαι καὶ τὸν παιδοτρίβην ὑπὸ Ἠλείων ἐδόθη· τὸν δὲ ἀνδριάντα ἐποίησε Σικυώνιος Κάνθαρος, Ἀλέξιδος μὲν πατρός, διδασκάλου δὲ ὢν Εὐτυχίδου.

[7]
Εὐπολέμου δὲ Ἠλείου τὴν μὲν εἰκόνα Σικυώνιος εἴργασται Δαίδαλος· τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ μηνύει σταδίου μὲν ἀνδρῶν Ὀλυμπίασι νίκην ἀνελέσθαι τὸν Εὐπόλεμον, εἶναι δὲ καὶ δύο Πυθικοὺς αὐτῷ πεντάθλου στεφάνους καὶ ἄλλον Νεμείων. λέγεται δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ Εὐπολέμῳ καὶ τάδε, ὡς ἐφεστήκοιεν τρεῖς ἐπὶ τῷ δρόμῳ τῷ πέρατι Ἑλλανοδίκαι, νικᾶν δὲ τῷ μὲν Εὐπολέμῳ δύο ἐξ αὐτῶν δοῖεν, ὁ τρίτος δὲ Ἀμβρακιώτῃ Λέοντι, καὶ ὡς χρημάτων καταδικάσαιτο ὁ Λέων ἐπὶ τῆς Ὀλυμπικῆς βουλῆς ἑκατέρου τῶν Ἑλλανοδικῶν οἳ νικᾶν τὸν Εὐπόλεμον ἔγνωσαν.

[8]
Οἰβώτα δὲ τὸν μὲν ἀνδριάντα Ἀχαιοὶ κατὰ πρόσταγμα ἀνέθεσαν τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς Ἀπόλλωνος ἐπὶ Ὀλυμπιάδος ὀγδοηκοστῆς· ἡ δὲ τοῦ σταδίου νίκη τῷ Οἰβώτᾳ γέγονεν Ὀλυμπιάδι ἕκτῃ. πῶς ἂν οὖν τήν γε ἐν Πλαταιαῖς μάχην μεμαχημένος ὁ Οἰβώτας εἴη μετὰ Ἑλλήνων; πέμπτῃ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῇ ἑβδομηκοστῇ Ὀλυμπιάδι τὸ πταῖσμα ἐγένετο τὸ ἐν Πλαταιαῖς Μαρδονίῳ καὶ Μήδοις. ἐμοὶ μὲν οὖν λέγειν μὲν τὰ ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων λεγόμενα ἀνάγκη, πείθεσθαι δὲ πᾶσιν οὐκέτι ἀνάγκη. τὰ δὲ ἄλλα ὁποῖα τὰ συμβάντα ἦν ἐς τὸν Οἰβώταν, τῇ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς προσέσται μοι συγγραφῇ. 0

[9]
Ἀντιόχου δὲ ἀνδριάντα ἐποίησε μὲν Νικόδαμος, γένος δὲ ὁ Ἀντίοχος ἦν ἐκ Λεπρέου· παγκρατίῳ δὲ ἄνδρας ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ μὲν ἐκράτησεν ἅπαξ, ἐν Ἰσθμῷ δὲ καὶ Νεμέᾳ δὶς πεντάθλῳ ἐν ἑκατέρῳ τῷ ἀγῶνι. οὐ γάρ τι Ἰσθμίων Λεπρεάταις δεῖμα ὥσπερ γε αὐτοῖς ἐστιν Ἠλείοις, ἐπεὶ Ὕσμωνί γε τῷ Ἠλείῳ—πλησίον δὲ τοῦ Ἀντιόχου καὶ Ὕσμων οὗτος ἕστηκε—τούτῳ τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἀθλήσαντι πένταθλον ἥ τε Ὀλυμπικὴ νίκη καὶ Νεμείων γέγονεν ἡ ἑτέρα, Ἰσθμίων δὲ δῆλα ὡς καὶ οὗτος κατὰ ταὐτὰ Ἠλείοις τοῖς ἄλλοις εἴργετο.

[10] λέγεται δὲ παιδὶ ἔτι ὄντι τῷ Ὕσμωνι κατασκῆψαι ῥεῦμα ἐς τὰ νεῦρα, καὶ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τούτῳ μελετῆσαι πένταθλον, ἵνα δὴ ἐκ τῶν πόνων ὑγιής τε καὶ ἄνοσος ἀνὴρ εἴη· τῷ δὲ ἄρα τὸ μάθημα καὶ νίκας ἔμελλεν ἐπιφανεῖς οὕτω παρασκευάσειν. ὁ δὲ ἀνδριὰς αὐτῷ Κλέωνος μέν ἐστιν ἔργον, ἔχει δὲ ἁλτῆρας ἀρχαίους.

[11] μετὰ δὲ Ὕσμωνα παλαιστὴς παῖς ἐξ Ἡραίας ἀνάκειται τῆς Ἀρκάδων, Νικόστρατος Ξενοκλείδου· Παντίας δὲ αὐτῷ τὴν εἰκόνα ἐποίησεν, ὃς ἀπὸ Ἀριστοκλέους τοῦ Σικυωνίου καταριθμουμένῳ τοὺς διδαχθέντας ἕβδομος ἀπὸ τούτου ἦν μαθητής.
Δίκων δὲ ὁ Καλλιβρότου πέντε μὲν Πυθοῖ δρόμου νίκας, τρεῖς δὲ ἀνείλετο Ἰσθμίων, τέσσαρας δὲ ἐν Νεμέᾳ, καὶ Ὀλυμπικὰς μίαν μὲν ἐν παισί, δύο δὲ ἄλλας ἀνδρῶν· καί οἱ καὶ ἀνδριάντες ἴσοι ταῖς νίκαις εἰσὶν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ. παιδὶ μὲν δὴ ὄντι αὐτῷ Καυλωνιάτῃ, καθάπερ γε καὶ ἦν, ὑπῆρξεν ἀναγορευθῆναι· τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ 0 τούτου Συρακούσιον αὑτὸν ἀνηγόρευσεν ἐπὶ χρήμασι.

[12] Καυλωνία δὲ ἀπῳκίσθη μὲν ἐς Ἰταλίαν ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν, οἰκιστὴς δὲ ἐγένετο αὐτῆς Τύφων Αἰγιεύς· Πύρρου δὲ τοῦ Αἰακίδου καὶ Ταραντίνων ἐς τὸν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους πόλεμον καταστάντων ἄλλαι τε τῶν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ πόλεων ἐγένοντο αἱ μὲν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, αἱ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἠπειρωτῶν ἀνάστατοι, κατέλαβε δὲ ἐς ἅπαν ἐρημωθῆναι καὶ τὴν Καυλωνίαν ἁλοῦσαν ὑπὸ Καμπανῶν, οἳ Ῥωμαίοις μεγίστη τοῦ συμμαχικοῦ μοῖρα ἦσαν.

[13]
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ Δίκωνι ἀνάκειται μὲν Ξενοφῶν Μενεφύλου παγκρατιαστὴς ἀνὴρ ἐξ Αἰγίου τῆς Ἀχαιῶν, ἀνάκειται δὲ Πυριλάμπης Ἐφέσιος λαβὼν δολίχου νίκην. τοῦ μὲν δὴ τὴν εἰκόνα ἐποίησεν Ὄλυμπος, Πυριλάμπει δὲ ὁμώνυμος καὶ ὁ πλάστης, γένος δὲ οὐ Σικυώνιος, ἀλλὰ ἐκ Μεσσήνης τῆς ὑπὸ τῇ Ἰθώμῃ.

[14]
Λύσανδρον δὲ τὸν Ἀριστοκρίτου Σπαρτιάτην ἀνέθεσαν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ Σάμιοι, καὶ αὐτοῖς τὸ μὲν πρότερον τῶν ἐπιγραμμάτων ἐστὶν

ἐν πολυθαήτῳ τεμένει Διὸς ὑψιμέδοντος

ἕστηκʼ ἀνθέντων δημοσίᾳ Σαμίων·

τοῦτο μὲν δὴ τοὺς τὸ ἀνάθημα ἀναθέντας μηνύει, τὸ δʼ ἐφεξῆς ἐς αὐτὸν ἔπαινός ἐστι Λύσανδρον·

ἀθάνατον πάτρᾳ καὶ Ἀριστοκρίτῳ κλέος ἔργων,

Λύσανδρʼ, ἐκτελέσας δόξαν ἔχεις ἀρετᾶς.

δῆλοι οὖν εἰσιν οἵ τε Σάμιοι καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι Ἴωνες,

[15] κατὰ τὸ λεγόμενον ὑπʼ αὐτῶν Ἰώνων, τοὺς τοίχους τοὺς δύο ἐπαλείφοντες. Ἀλκιβιάδου μέν γε τριήρεσιν 0 Ἀθηναίων περὶ Ἰωνίαν ἰσχύοντος ἐθεράπευον αὐτὸν Ἰώνων οἱ πολλοί, καὶ εἰκὼν Ἀλκιβιάδου χαλκῆ παρὰ τῇ Ἥρᾳ τῇ Σαμίων ἐστὶν ἀνάθημα· ὡς δὲ ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς ἑάλωσαν αἱ ναῦς αἱ Ἀττικαί, Σάμιοι μὲν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν τὸν Λύσανδρον, Ἐφέσιοι δὲ ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν ἀνετίθεσαν τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος Λύσανδρόν τε αὐτὸν καὶ Ἐτεόνικον καὶ Φάρακα καὶ ἄλλους Σπαρτιατῶν ἥκιστα ἔς γε τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν γνωρίμους.

[16] μεταπεσόντων δὲ αὖθις τῶν πραγμάτων καὶ Κόνωνος κεκρατηκότος τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ περὶ Κνίδον καὶ ὄρος τὸ Δώριον ὀνομαζόμενον, οὕτω μετεβάλλοντο οἱ Ἴωνες, καὶ Κόνωνα ἀνακείμενον χαλκοῦν καὶ Τιμόθεον ἐν Σάμῳ τε ἔστιν ἰδεῖν παρὰ τῇ Ἥρᾳ καὶ ὡσαύτως ἐν Ἐφέσῳ παρὰ τῇ Ἐφεσίᾳ θεῷ. ταῦτα μέν ἐστιν ἔχοντα οὕτω τὸν ἀεὶ χρόνον, καὶ Ἴωσιν ὡσαύτως οἱ πάντες ἄνθρωποι θεραπεύουσι τὰ ὑπερέχοντα τῇ ἰσχύι.

Description of Greece. Pausanias. ed. Friedrich Spiro. Leipzig. 1903.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The Annenberg CPB/Project.

Current edition Perseus

Ἑλλάδος Περιηγήσεως (Greek) (Pausanias. Pausaniae Graeciae descriptio, Volumes 1-3. Spiro, Friedrich, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.)

Translations (2)

Description of Greece Perseus (Pausanias. Pausanias Description of Greece, Volumes 1-4. Jones, W.H.S. (William Henry Samuel), translator; Ormerod, Henry Arderne, translator. London, New York: W. Heinemann, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1918-1935.) — 6.3 focus

[1]
Nearest to Damiscus stands a statue of somebody; they do not give his name, but it was Ptolemy son of Lagus who set up the offering. In the inscription Ptolemy calls himself a Macedonian, though he was king of Egypt . On Chaereas of Sicyon , a boy boxer, is an inscription that he won a victory when a young man, and that his father was Chaeremon; the name of the artist who made the statue is also written, Asterion son of Aeschylus.

[2] After Chaereas are statues of a Messenian boy Sophius and of Stomius, a man of Elis . Sophius outran his boy competitors, and Stomius won a victory in the pentathlum at Olympia and three at the Nemean games. The inscription on his statue adds that, when commander of the Elean cavalry, he set up trophies and killed in single combat the general of the enemy, who had challenged him.

[3] The Eleans say that the dead general was a native of Sicyon in command of Sicyonian troops, and that they themselves with the force from Boeotia attacked Sicyon out of friendship to the Thebans. So the attack of the Eleans and Thebans against Sicyon apparently took place after the Lacedaemonian disaster at Leuctra.

[4]
Next stands the statue of a boxer from Lepreus in Elis , whose name was Labax son of Euphron, and also that of Aristodemus, son of Thrasis, a boxer from Elis itself, who also won two victories at Pytho . The statue of Aristodemus is the work of Daedalus of Sicyon , the pupil and son of Patrocles.

[5] The statue of Hippus of Elis, who won the boys' boxing-match, was made by Damocritus of Sicyon , of the school of Attic Critias, being removed from him by four generations of teachers. For Gritias himself taught Ptolichus of Corcyra , Amphion was the pupil of Ptolichus, and taught Pison of Calaureia, who was the teacher of Damocritus.

[6] Cratinus of Aegeira in Achaia was the most handsome man of his time and the most skilful wrestler, and when he won the wrestling-match for boys the Eleans allowed him to set up a statue of his trainer as well. The statue was made by Cantharus of Sicyon , whose father was Alexis, while his teacher was Eutychides.

[7]
The statue of Eupolemus of Elis was made by Daedalus of Sicyon . The inscription on it informs us that Eupolemus won the foot-race for men at Olympia , and that he also received two Pythian crowns for the pentathlum and another at the Nemean games. It is also said of Eupolemus that three umpires stood on the course, of whom two gave their verdict in favour of Eupolemus and one declared the winner to be Leon the Ambraciot. Leon , they say, got the Olympic Council to fine each of the umpires who had decided in favour of Eupolemus.

[8]
The statue of Oebotas was set up by the Achaeans by the command of the Delphic Apollo in the eightieth Olympiad¹, but Oebotas won his victory in the footrace at the sixth Festival². How, therefore, could Oebotas have taken part in the Greek victory at Plataea ? For it was in the seventy-fifth Olympiad³ that the Persians under Mardonius suffered their disaster at Plataea . Now I am obliged to report the statements made by the Greeks, though I am not obliged to believe them all. The other incidents in the life of Oebotas I will add to my history of Achaia .⁴

[9]
The statue of Antiochus was made by Nicodamus. A native of Lepreus, Antiochus won once at Olympia the pancratium for men, and the pentathlum twice at the Isthmian games and twice at the Nemean. For the Lepreans are not afraid of the Isthmian games as the Eleans themselves are. For example, Hysmon of Elis , whose statue stands near that of Antiochus, competed successfully in the pentathlum both at Olympia and at Nemea , but clearly kept away, just like other Eleans, from the Isthmian games.

[10] It is said that when Hysmon was still a boy he was attacked by a flux in his muscles, and it was in order that by hard exercise he might be a healthy man free from disease that he practised the pentathlum. So his training was also to make him win famous victories in the games. His statue is the work of Cleon, and he holds jumping-weights of old pattern.

[11] After Hysmon comes the statue of a boy wrestler from Heraea in Arcadia , Nicostratus the son of Xenocleides. Pantias was the artist, and if you count the teachers you will find five between him and Aristocles of Sicyon .
Dicon, the son of Callibrotus, won five footraces at Pytho , three at the Isthmian games, four at Nemea , one at Olympia in the race for boys besides two in the men's race. Statues of him have been set up at Olympia equal in number to the races he won. When he was a boy he was proclaimed a native of Caulonia , as in fact he was. But afterwards he was bribed to proclaim himself a Syracusan.

[12] Caulonia was a colony in Italy founded by Achaeans, and its founder was Typhon of Aegium. When Pyrrhus son of Aeacides and the Tarentines were at war with the Romans, several cities in Italy were destroyed, either by the Romans or by the Epeirots, and these included Caulonia , whose fate it was to be utterly laid waste, having been taken by the Campanians, who formed the largest contingent of allies on the Roman side.

[13]
Close to Dicon is a statue of Xenophon, the son of Menephylus, a pancratiast of Aegium in Achaia , and likewise one of Pyrilampes of Ephesus after winning the long foot-race. Olympus made the statue of Xenophon; that of Pyrilampes was made by a sculptor of the same name, a native, not of Sicyon , but of Messene beneath Ithome .

[14]
A statue of Lysander, son of Aristocritus, a Spartan, was dedicated in Olympia by the Samians, and the first of their inscriptions runs:

In the much-seen precinct of Zeus, ruler on high,

I stand, dedicated at public expense by the Samians.

So this inscription informs us who dedicated the statue; the next is in praise of Lysander himself:

Deathless glory by thy achievements, for fatherland and for Aristocritus,

Lysander, hast thou won, and art famed for valour.

[15] So plainly “the Samians and the rest of the Ionians,” as the Ionians themselves phrase it, painted both the walls. For when Alcibiades had a strong fleet of Athenian triremes along the coast of Ionia , most of the Ionians paid court to him, and there is a bronze statue of Alcibiades dedicated by the Samians in the temple of Hera. But when the Attic ships were captured at Aegospotami ⁵, the Samians set up a statue of Lysander at Olympia , and the Ephesians set up in the sanctuary of Artemis not only a statue of Lysander himself but also statues of Eteonicus, Pharax and other Spartans quite unknown to the Greek world generally.

[16] But when fortune changed again, and Conon had won the naval action off Cnidus and the mountain called Dorium⁶, the Ionians likewise changed their views, and there are to be seen statues in bronze of Conon and of Timotheus both in the sanctuary of Hera in Samos and also in the sanctuary of the Ephesian goddess at Ephesus . It is always the same; the Ionians merely follow the example of all the world in paying court to strength.

English (Jones and Ormerod; retranslated Gregory Nagy, CHS, 2018) (OCR draft) Experimental (CHS Pausanias Reader retranslation by Gregory Nagy, based on Jones and Ormerod, with marked Greek terms, notes, quotations, and bibliographic attributions preserved.) — 6.3 focus

[1] Nearest to Damiskos stands a statue of somebody; they do not give his name, but it was Ptolemy, son of Lagos, who set up the offering. In the inscription, Ptolemy calls himself a Macedonian, though he was king of Egypt. On Khaireas of Sikyon, a boy boxer, is an inscription that he won a victory when a young man, and that his father was Khairemon; the name of the artist who made the statue is also written, Asterion, son of Aeschylus.

[2] After Khaireas are statues of a Messenian boy Sophios and of Stomios, a man of Elis. Sophios outran his boy competitors, and Stomios won a victory in the pentathlon at Olympia and three at the Nemean Games. The inscription on his statue adds that, when commander of the Eleian cavalry, he set up trophies and killed in single combat the general of the enemy, who had challenged him.

[3] The Eleians say that the dead general was a native of Sikyon in command of Sikyonian troops, and that they themselves with the force from Boeotia attacked Sikyon out of friendship to the Thebans. So the attack of the Eleians and Thebans against Sikyon apparently took place after the Lacedaemonian disaster at Leuktra.

[4] Next stands the statue of a boxer from Lepreus in Elis, whose name was Labax, son of Euphron, and also that of Aristodemos, son of Thrasis, a boxer from Elis itself, who also won two victories at Pythō. The statue of Aristodemos is the work of Daidalos of Sikyon, the pupil and son of Patrokles.

[5] The statue of Hippos of Elis, who won the boys’ boxing-match, was made by Damokritos of Sikyon, of the school of Attic Critias, being removed from him by four generations of teachers. For Critias himself taught Ptolikhos of Corcyra, Amphion was the pupil of Ptolikhos, and taught Pison of Kalaureia, who was the teacher of Damokritos.

[6] Kratinos of Aigeira in Achaea was the most handsome man of his time and the most skillful wrestler, and when he won the wrestling-match for boys, the Eleians allowed him to set up a statue of his trainer as well. The statue was made by Kantharos of Sikyon, whose father was Alexis, while his teacher was Eutykhides.

[7] The statue of Eupolemos of Elis was made by Daidalos of Sikyon. The inscription on it informs us that Eupolemos won the foot-race for men at Olympia, and that he also received two Pythian garlands for the pentathlon and another at the Nemean Games. It is also said of Eupolemos that three umpires stood on the course, of whom two gave their verdict in favor of Eupolemos and one declared the winner to be Leon the Ambraciot. Leon, they say, got the Olympic Council to fine each of the umpires who had decided in favor of Eupolemos.

[8] The statue of Oibotas was set up by the Achaeans by the command of the Delphic Apollo in the eightieth Olympiad, but Oibotas won his victory in the foot-race at the sixth Festival. How, therefore, could Oibotas have taken part in the Greek victory at Plataea? For it was in the seventy-fifth Olympiad that the Persians under Mardonios suffered their disaster at Plataea. Now I am obliged to report the statements made by the Greeks, though I am not obliged to believe them all. The other incidents in the life of Oibotas I will add to my history of Achaea.

[9] The statue of Antiokhos was made by Nikodamos. A native of Lepreus, Antiokhos won once at Olympia the pankration for men, and the pentathlon twice at the Isthmian Games and twice at the Nemean. For the Lepreans are not afraid of the Isthmian Games as the Eleians themselves are. For example, Hysmon of Elis, whose statue stands near that of Antiokhos, competed successfully in the pentathlon both at Olympia and at Nemeā, but clearly kept away, just like other Eleians, from the Isthmian Games.

[10] It is said that when Hysmon was still a boy, he was attacked by a flux in his muscles, and it was in order that by hard exercise, he might be a healthy man free from disease that he practiced the pentathlon. So his training was also to make him win famous victories in the Games. His statue is the work of Kleon, and he holds jumping-weights of old pattern.

[11] After Hysmon comes the statue of a boy wrestler from Heraia in Arcadia, Nikostratos, the son of Xenokleides. Pantias was the artist, and if you count the teachers, you will find five between him and Aristokles of Sikyon. Dikon, the son of Kallibrotos, won five foot-races at Pythō, three at the Isthmian Games, four at Nemeā, and one at Olympia in the race for boys besides two in the men’s race. Statues of him have been set up at Olympia equal in number to the races he won. When he was a boy, he was proclaimed a native of Kaulonia, as in fact he was. But afterwards, he was bribed to proclaim himself a Syracusan.

[12] Kaulonia was a colony in Italy founded by Achaeans, and its founder was Typhon of Aigion. When Pyrrhos son of Aiakidēs and the people of Tarentum were at war with the Romans, several cities in Italy were destroyed, either by the Romans or by the people of Epeiros, and these included Kaulonia, whose fate it was to be utterly laid waste, having been taken by the Campanians, who formed the largest contingent of allies on the Roman side.

[13] Close to Dikon is a statue of a man who won in the pankration: he was Xenophon, the son of Menephylos, from Aigion in Achaea; there was likewise a statue of Pyrilampes of Ephesos after winning the long foot-race. Olympus made the statue of Xenophon; that of Pyrilampes was made by a sculptor of the same name, a native, not of Sikyon, but of Messene beneath Ithome.

[14] A statue of Lysander, son of Aristokritos, a Spartan, was dedicated in Olympia by the Samians, and the first of their inscriptions runs:

“In the much-seen precinct of Zeus, ruler on high,
I stand, dedicated at public expense by the Samians.”

So this inscription informs us who dedicated the statue; the next is in praise of Lysander himself:

“Deathless glory by your achievements, for fatherland and for Aristokritos,
Lysander, have you won, and are famed for valor.”

[15] So plainly “the Samians and the rest of the Ionians,” as the Ionians themselves phrase it, painted both the walls. For when Alcibiades had a strong fleet of Athenian triremes along the coast of Ionia, most of the Ionians paid court to him, and there is a bronze statue of Alcibiades dedicated by the Samians in the temple of Hērā. But when the Attic ships were captured at Aigospotamoi, the Samians set up a statue of Lysander at Olympia, and the Ephesians set up in the sanctuary of Artemis not only a statue of Lysander himself but also statues of Eteonikos, Pharax, and other Spartans quite unknown to the Greek world generally.

[16] But when fortune changed again, and Konon had won the naval action off Knidos and the mountain called Dorion, the Ionians likewise changed their views, and there are to be seen statues in bronze of Konon and of Timotheus both in the sanctuary of Hērā in Samos and also in the sanctuary of the Ephesian goddess at Ephesos. It is always the same; the Ionians merely follow the example of all the world in deferring to power .

New Alexandria Commentaries

Gregory Nagy, Editors: Angelia Hanhardt and Keith DeStone, Web producer: Noel Spencer, Consultant for images: Jill Curry Robbins, \[\[Noel gives this a separate URN\]\]

Pausanias Description of Greece 6.3

ed. Friedrich Spiro

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