Pausanias, Description of Greece, ed. Friedrich Spiro, 6.13

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[1] Ἀστύλος δὲ Κροτωνιάτης Πυθαγόρου μέν ἐστιν ἔργον, τρεῖς δὲ ἐφεξῆς Ὀλυμπίασι σταδίου τε καὶ διαύλου νίκας ἔσχεν. ὅτι δὲ ἐν δύο ταῖς ὑστέραις ἐς χάριν τὴν Ἱέρωνος τοῦ Δεινομένους ἀνηγόρευσεν αὑτὸν Συρακούσιον, τούτων ἕνεκα οἱ Κροτωνιᾶται τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ δεσμωτήριον εἷναι κατέγνωσαν καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα καθεῖλον παρὰ τῇ Ἥρᾳ τῇ Λακινίᾳ κειμένην.

[2]
ἀνάκειται δὲ τῇ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ στήλη λέγουσα τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίου Χιόνιδος τὰς νίκας. εὐηθείας μὲν δὴ μετέχουσι καὶ ὅσοι Χίονιν αὐτὸν ἀναθεῖναι τὴν στήλην, ἀλλʼ οὐ Λακεδαιμονίων ἥγηνται τὸ δημόσιον· ἔστω γὰρ δήπου, ὡς ἐν τῇ στήλῃ, οὐκ εἶναί πω τοῦ 0 ὅπλου τὸν δρόμον· πῶς ἂν οὖν ἐπίσταιτο ὁ Χίονις εἰ αὖθίς ποτε προσνομοθετήσουσιν Ἠλεῖοι; τούτων δὲ ἔτι ἐς πλέον ἥκουσιν εὐηθείας οἳ τὸν ἑστηκότα ἀνδριάντα παρὰ τῇ στήλῃ φασὶν εἰκόνα εἶναι Χιόνιδος, ἔργον ὄντα τοῦ Ἀθηναίου Μύρωνος.

[3]
ἐοικότα δὲ Χιόνιδι τὰ ἐς δόξαν καὶ ἀνὴρ Λύκιος παρέσχετο Ἑρμογένης Ξάνθιος, ὃς τὸν κότινον ἐν τρισὶν Ὀλυμπιάσιν ἀνείλετο ὀκτάκις ἐπίκλησίν τε ἔσχεν Ἵππος ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων· ποιήσαιο δʼ ἂν καὶ Πολίτην ἐν μεγάλῳ θαύματι. ὁ Πολίτης δʼ ἦν οὗτος ἐκ Κεράμου τῆς ἐν τῇ Θρακίᾳ Καρίᾳ, ἀνέφηνε δὲ ἀρετὴν ποδῶν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πᾶσαν· ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ μηκίστου καὶ διαρκεστάτου διʼ ὀλιγίστου δὴ καιροῦ μεθηρμόσατο ἐπὶ τὸ βραχύτατον ὁμοῦ καὶ ὤκιστον, καὶ δολίχου τε ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ καὶ παραυτίκα σταδίου λαβὼν νίκην προσέθηκε δὲ διαύλου σφίσι τὴν τρίτην.

[4] Πολίτης μὲν δὴ ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας καὶ τέσσαρας, ὡς ἂν ἕκαστοι συνταχθῶσιν ὑπὸ τοῦ κλήρου, καὶ οὐκ ἀθρόους ἀφιᾶσιν ἐς τὸν δρόμον· οἳ δʼ ἂν ἐν ἑκάστῃ τάξει κρατήσωσιν, ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν αὖθις θέουσι τῶν ἄθλων· καὶ οὕτω σταδίου δύο ὁ στεφανούμενος ἀναιρήσεται νίκας. τὰ μέντοι ἐπιφανέστατα ἐς δρόμον Λεωνίδᾳ Ῥοδίῳ ἐστίν· ἐπὶ γὰρ τέσσαρας Ὀλυμπιάδας ἀκμάζων τε τῇ ὠκύτητι ἀντήρκεσε, καὶ γεγόνασιν αὐτῷ δρόμου νῖκαι δύο ἀριθμὸν καὶ δέκα.

[5]
Χιόνιδος δὲ οὐ πόρρω τῆς ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ στήλης Σκαῖος ἕστηκεν ὁ Δούριος Σάμιος, κρατήσας πυγμῇ 0 παῖδας· τέχνη δὲ ἡ εἰκών ἐστι μὲν Ἱππίου τοῦ , τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα δηλοῖ τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, νικῆσαι Σκαῖον ἡνίκα ὁ Σαμίων δῆμος ἔφευγεν ἐκ τῆς νήσου, τὸν δὲ καιρὸν ἐπὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα τὸν δῆμον.

[6] παρὰ δὲ τὸν τύραννον Δίαλλος ὁ Πόλλιδος ἀνάκειται, γένος μὲν Σμυρναῖος, Ἰώνων δὲ πρῶτος λαβεῖν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ φησὶν οὗτος ὁ Δίαλλος παγκρατίου στέφανον ἐν παισίν. Θερσίλοχον δὲ Κορκυραῖον καὶ Ἀριστίωνα Θεοφίλους Ἐπιδαύριον, τὸν μὲν ἀνδρῶν πυγμῆς, Θερσίλοχον δὲ λαβόντα ἐν παισὶ στέφανον, Πολύκλειτος ἐποίησε σφᾶς ὁ Ἀργεῖος.

[7] Βύκελος δέ, ὃς Σικυωνίων πρῶτος πὺξ ἐκράτησεν ἐν παισίν, ἔστιν ἔργον Σικυωνίου Κανάχου παρὰ τῷ Ἀργείῳ Πολυκλείτῳ διδαχθέντος. παρὰ δὲ τὸν Βύκελον ὁπλίτης ἀνὴρ ἐπίκλησιν Λίβυς Μνασέας Κυρηναῖος ἕστηκε· Πυθαγόρας δὲ ὁ Ῥηγῖνος ἐποίησε τὴν εἰκόνα. Κυζικηνῷ δὲ Ἀγεμάχῳ τῶν ἐκ τῆς Ἀσιανῆς ἠπείρου γενέσθαι ἐν Ἄργει τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ μηνύει.

[8] Νάξου δὲ οἰκισθείσης ποτὲ ἐν Σικελίᾳ ὑπὸ Χαλκιδέων τῶν ἐπὶ Εὐρίπῳ, τῆς πόλεως μὲν οὐδὲ ἐρείπια ἐλείπετο ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι, ὄνομα δὲ καὶ ἐς τοὺς ἔπειτα εἶναι τῆς Νάξου Τίσανδρος ὁ Κλεοκρίτου μάλιστα αἰτίαν ἐχέτω· τετράκις γὰρ δὴ ἐν ἀνδράσι κατεμαχέσατο ὁ Τίσανδρος πύκτας ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ, τοσαῦται δὲ καὶ Πυθοῖ γεγόνασιν αὐτῷ νῖκαι, καὶ Κορινθίοις δὲ οὐκ ἦν πω τηνικαῦτα οὐδὲ Ἀργείοις ἐς ἅπαντας ὑπομνήματα τοὺς Νέμεια καὶ Ἴσθμια νικήσαντας. 0

[9]
ἡ δὲ ἵππος ἡ τοῦ Κορινθίου Φειδώλα ὄνομα μέν, ὡς οἱ Κορίνθιοι μνημονεύουσιν, ἔχει Αὔρα, τὸν δὲ ἀναβάτην ἔτι ἀρχομένου τοῦ δρόμου συνέπεσεν ἀποβαλεῖν αὐτήν· καὶ οὐδέν τι ἧσσον θέουσα ἐν κόσμῳ περί τε τὴν νύσσαν ἐπέστρεφε, καὶ ἐπεὶ τῆς σάλπιγγος ἤκουσεν, ἐπετάχυνεν ἐς πλέον τὸν δρόμον, φθάνει τε δὴ ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἑλλανοδίκας ἀφικομένη καὶ νικῶσα ἔγνω καὶ παύεται τοῦ δρόμου. Ἠλεῖοι δὲ ἀνηγόρευσαν ἐπὶ τῇ νίκῃ τὸν Φειδώλαν καὶ ἀναθεῖναί οἱ τὴν ἵππον ταύτην ἐφιᾶσιν.

[10] ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ τοῦ Φειδώλα τοῖς παισὶν ἐπὶ κέλητι ἵππῳ νίκη, καὶ ὅ τε ἵππος ἐπὶ στήλῃ πεποιημένος καὶ ἐπίγραμμά ἐστιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ·

ὠκυδρόμας Λύκος Ἴσθμιʼ ἅπαξ, δύο δʼ ἐνθάδε νίκαις

Φειδώλα παίδων ἐστεφάνωσε δόμους.

οὐ μὴν τῷ γε ἐπιγράμματι καὶ τὰ Ἠλείων ἐς τοὺς Ὀλυμπιονίκας ὁμολογεῖ γράμματα· ὀγδόῃ γὰρ Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ ἑξηκοστῇ καὶ οὐ πέρα ταύτης ἐστὶν ἐν τοῖς Ἠλείων γράμμασιν ἡ νίκη τῶν Φειδώλα παίδων·

[11] ταῦτα μὲν δὴ οὕτως ἔχοντα ἴστω τις· Ἠλείοις δὲ ἀνδράσιν Ἀγαθίνῳ τε τῷ Θρασυβούλου καὶ Τηλεμάχῳ, Τηλεμάχῳ μὲν ἐπὶ ἵππων νίκῃ γέγονεν ἡ εἰκών, Ἀγαθῖνον δὲ ἀνέθεσαν Ἀχαιοὶ Πελληνεῖς. ἀνέθηκε δὲ καὶ ὁ Ἀθηναίων δῆμος Ἀριστοφῶντα Λυσίνου, παγκρατιαστὰς ἐν τῷ ἀγῶνι τῷ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ κρατήσαντα ἄνδρας.

Description of Greece. Pausanias. ed. Friedrich Spiro. Leipzig. 1903.

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Current edition Perseus

Ἑλλάδος Περιηγήσεως (Greek) (Pausanias. Pausaniae Graeciae descriptio, Volumes 1-3. Spiro, Friedrich, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.)

Translations (2)

Description of Greece Perseus (Pausanias. Pausanias Description of Greece, Volumes 1-4. Jones, W.H.S. (William Henry Samuel), translator; Ormerod, Henry Arderne, translator. London, New York: W. Heinemann, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1918-1935.) — 6.13 focus

[1]
The statue of Astylus of Crotona is the work of Pythagoras; this athlete won three successive victories at Olympia , in the short race and in the double race. But because on the two latter occasions he proclaimed himself a Syracusan, in order to please Hiero the son of Deinomenes, the people of Crotona for this condemned his house to be a prison, and pulled down his statue set up by the temple of Lacinian Hera.

[2]
There is also set up in Olympia a slab recording the victories of Chionis the Lacedaemonian. They show simplicity who have supposed that Chionis himself dedicated the slab, and not the Lacedaemonian people. Let us assume that, as the slab says, the race in armour had not yet been introduced; how could Chionis know whether the Eleans would at some future time add it to the list of events? But those are simpler still who say that the statue standing by the slab is a portrait of Chionis, it being the work of the Athenian Myron.

[3]
Similar in renown to Chionis was Hermogenes of Xanthus , a Lydian, who won the wild olive eight times at three Olympic festivals, and was surnamed Horse by the Greeks. Polites also you will consider a great marvel. This Polites was from Ceramus in Caria , and showed at Olympia every excellence in running. For from the longest race, demanding the greatest stamina, he changed, after the shortest interval, to the shortest and quickest, and after winning a victory in the long race and immediately afterwards in the short race, he added on the same day a third victory in the double course.

[4] Polites then in the second ... and four, as they are grouped together by lot, and they do not start them all together for the race. The victors in each heat run again for the prize. So he who is crowned in the foot-race will be victorious twice. However, the most famous runner was Leonidas of Rhodes . He maintained his speed at its prime for four Olympiads, and won twelve victories for running.

[5]
Not far from the slab of Chionis at Olympia stands Scaeus, the son of Duris, a Samian, victor in the boys' boxing-match. The statue is the work of Hippias, the son of ... and the inscription on it states that Scaeus won his victory at the time when the people of Samos were in exile from the island, but the occasion ... the people to their own.

[6] By the side of the tyrant is a statue of Diallus the son of Pollis, a Smyrnean by descent, and this Diallus declares that he was the first Ionian to receive at Olympia a crown for the boys' pancratium. There are statues of Thersilochus of Corcyra and of Aristion of Epidaurus , the son of Theophiles, made by Polycleitus the Argive ; Aristion won a crown for the men's boxing, Thersilochus for the boys'.

[7] Bycelus, the first Sicyonian to win the boys' boxing-match, had his statue made by Canachus of Sicyon , a pupil of the Argive Polycleitus. By the side of Bycelus stands the statue of a man-at-arms, Mnaseas of Cyrene , surnamed the Libyan; Pythagoras of Rhegium made the statue. To Agemachus of Cyzicus from the mainland of Asia ... the inscription on it shows that he was born at Argos .

[8] Naxos was founded in Sicily by the Chalcidians on the Euripus. Of the city not even the ruins are now to be seen, and that the name of Naxos has survived to after ages must be attributed to Tisander, the son of Cleocritus. He won the men's boxing-match at Olympia four times; he had the same number of victories at Pytho , but at this time neither the Corinthians nor the Argives kept complete records of the victors at Nemea and the Isthmus.

[9]
The mare of the Corinthian Pheidolas was called, the Corinthians relate, Aura (breeze), and at the beginning of the race she chanced to throw her rider. But nevertheless she went on running properly, turned round the post, and, when she heard the trumpet, quickened her pace, reached the umpires first, realized that she had won and stopped running. The Eleans proclaimed Pheidolas the winner and allowed him to dedicate a statue of this mare.

[10] The sons also of Pheidolas were winners in the horse-race, and the horse is represented on a slab with this inscription :—

The swift Lycus by one victory at the Isthmus and two here

Crowned the house of the sons of Pheidolas.

But the inscription is at variance with the Elean records of Olympic victors. These records give a victory to the sons of Pheidolas at the sixty-eighth Festival but at no other. You may take my statements as accurate.

[11] There are statues to Agathinus, son of Thrasybulus, and to Telemachus, both men of Elis . Telemachus won the race for four-horse chariots; the statue of Agathinus was dedicated by the Achaeans of Pellene . The Athenian people dedicated a statue of Aristophon, the son of Lysinus, who won the men's pancratium at Olympia .

English (Jones and Ormerod; retranslated Gregory Nagy, CHS, 2018) (OCR draft) Experimental (CHS Pausanias Reader retranslation by Gregory Nagy, based on Jones and Ormerod, with marked Greek terms, notes, quotations, and bibliographic attributions preserved.) — 6.13 focus

[1] The statue of Astylos of Kroton is the work of Pythagoras; this athlete won three successive victories at Olympia, in the short race and in the double race. But because on the two latter occasions he proclaimed himself a Syracusan, in order to please Hieron, the son of Deinomenes, the people of Kroton for this condemned his house to be a prison, and pulled down his statue set up by the temple of Lacinian Hērā.

[2] There is also set up in Olympia a slab recording the victories of Khionis the Lacedaemonian. They show simplicity who have supposed that Khionis himself dedicated the slab, and not the Lacedaemonian people. Let us assume that, as the slab says, the race in armor had not yet been introduced; how could Khionis know whether the Eleians would at some future time add it to the list of events? But those are simpler still who say that the statue standing by the slab is a portrait of Khionis, it being the work of the Athenian Myron.

[3] Similar in renown to Khionis was Hermogenes of Xanthos, a Lydian, who won the wild olive eight times at three Olympic festivals, and was surnamed Horse by the Greeks. Polites also you will consider a great marvel. This Polites was from Keramos in Caria, and showed at Olympia every excellence in running. For from the longest race, demanding the greatest stamina, he changed, after the shortest interval, to the shortest and quickest, and after winning a victory in the long race and immediately afterwards in the short race, he added on the same day a third victory in the double course.

[4] Polites then in the second […] and four, as they are grouped together by lot, and they do not start them all together for the race. The victors in each heat run again for the prize. So he who is garlanded in the foot race will be victorious twice. However, the most famous runner was Leonidas of Rhodes. He maintained his speed at its prime for four Olympiads, and won twelve victories for running.

[5] Not far from the slab of Khionis at Olympia stands Scaios, the son of Douris, a Samian, victor in the boys’ boxing match. The statue is the work of Hippias, the son of […] and the inscription on it states that Scaios won his victory at the time when the people of Samos were in exile from the island, but the occasion […] the people to their own.

[6] By the side of the tyrant is a statue of Diallos, the son of Pollis, a Smyrnean by descent, and this Diallos declares that he was the first Ionian to receive at Olympia a garland for the boys’ pankration. There are statues of Thersilokhos of Corcyra and of Aristion of Epidaurus, the son of Theophiles, made by Polycleitus the Argive; Aristion won a garland for the men’s boxing, Thersilokhos for the boys’.

[7] Bykelos, the first Sikyonian to win the boys’ boxing match, had his statue made by Kanakhos of Sikyon, a pupil of the Argive Polycleitus. By the side of Bykelos stands the statue of a man-at-arms, Mnaseas of Cyrene, surnamed the Libyan; Pythagoras of Rhēgion made the statue. To Agemakhos of Kyzikos from the mainland of Asia […] the inscription on it shows that he was born at Argos.

[8] Naxos was founded in Sicily by the people of Khalkis-on-the-Euripos. Of the city not even the ruins are now to be seen, and that the name of Naxos has survived to after ages must be attributed to Tisandros, the son of Kleokritos. He won the men’s boxing match at Olympia four times; he had the same number of victories at Pythō, but at this time, neither the Corinthians nor the Argives kept complete records of the victors at Nemeā and the Isthmus.

[9] The mare of the Corinthian Pheidolas was called, the Corinthians relate, Aura ‘breeze’, and at the beginning of the race, she chanced to throw her rider. But nevertheless, she went on running properly, turned round the post, and, when she heard the trumpet, quickened her pace, reached the umpires first, realized that she had won, and stopped running. The Eleians proclaimed Pheidolas the winner and allowed him to dedicate a statue of this mare.

[10] The sons also of Pheidolas were winners in the horse race, and the horse is represented on a slab with this inscription:

“The swift Lykos by one victory at the Isthmus and two here
Garlanded the house of the sons of Pheidolas.”

But the inscription is at variance with the Eleian records of Olympic victors. These records give a victory to the sons of Pheidolas at the sixty-eighth Festival but at no other. You may take my statements as accurate.

[11] There are statues to Agathinos, son of Thrasyboulos, and to Telemakhos, both men of Elis. Telemakhos won the race for four-horse chariots; the statue of Agathinos was dedicated by the Achaeans of Pellene. The Athenian people dedicated a statue of Aristophon, the son of Lysinos, who won the men’s pankration at Olympia.

New Alexandria Commentaries

Gregory Nagy, Editors: Angelia Hanhardt and Keith DeStone, Web producer: Noel Spencer, Consultant for images: Jill Curry Robbins, \[\[Noel gives this a separate URN\]\]

Pausanias Description of Greece 6.13

ed. Friedrich Spiro

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