Strabo, Geography, Hans Claude Hamilton (Translator), William Falconer (Translator), 12.3.38

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[38] There remain to be described the parts of Pontus, situated between this country and the districts of Amisus, and Sinope, extending towards Cappadocia, the Galatians, and the Paphlagonians.

Next to the territory of the Amiseni is Phazemonitis,¹ which extends as far as the Halys, and which Pompey called Neapolitis. He raised the village Phazemon to the rank of a city, and increasing its extent gave to it the name of Nea, polls.² The northern side of this tract is bounded by the Gazelonitis, and by the country of the Amiseni; the western side by the Halys; the eastern by Phanaroea; the remainder by the territory of Amasis, my native country, which surpasses all the rest in extent and fertility.

The part of Phazemonitis towards Phanaroea is occupied by a lake, sea-like in magnitude, called Stiphane,³ which abounds with fish, and has around it a large range of pasture adapted to all kinds of animals. Close upon it is a strong fortress, Cizari, [Icizari,] at present deserted, and near it a royal seat in ruins. The rest of the country in general is bare, but produces corn.

Above the district of Amasis are the hot springs⁴ of the Phazemonitee, highly salubrious, and the Sagylium,⁵ a stronghold situated on a lofty perpendicular hill, stretching upwards and terminating in a sharp peak. In this fortress is a reservoir well supplied with water, which is at present neglected, but was useful, on many occasions, to the kings. Here the sons of Pharnaces the king captured and put to death Arsaces, who was governing without the authority of the Roman generals, and endeavouring to produce a revolution in the state. The fortress was taken by Polemo and Lycomedes, both of them kings, by famine and not by storm. Arsaces, being prevented from escaping into the plains, fled to the mountains without provisions. There he found the wells choked up with large pieces of rock. This had been done by order of Pompey, who had directed the fortresses to be demolished, and to leave nothing in them that could be serviceable to robbers, who might use them as places of refuge. Such was the settlement of the Phazemonitis made by Pompey. Those who came afterwards divided this district among various kings.

Geography. Strabo. Hans Claude Hamilton (Translator), William Falconer (Translator). London. 1854-1857.

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Current edition Perseus

Geography (English) (Strabo. The Geography of Strabo, Vols. 1-3. Hamilton, Hans Claude, translator; Falconer, William, translator. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854-1857.)

Editions (1)

Γεωγραφικά Perseus (Strabo. Strabonis Geographica, Vols. 1-3. Meineke, August, editor. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877.) — 12.3.38 focus

[38] λείπεται δὲ τοῦ Πόντου τὰ μεταξὺ ταύτης τε τῆς χώρας καὶ τῆς Ἀμισηνῶν καὶ Σινωπέων, πρός τε τὴν Καππαδοκίαν συντείνοντα καὶ Γαλάτας καὶ Παφλαγόνας. μετὰ μὲν οὖν τὴν Ἀμισηνῶν μέχρι τοῦ Ἅλυος ἡ Φαζημωνῖτις ἔστιν, ἣν Πομπήιος Νεαπολῖτιν ὠνόμασε κατὰ Φαζημῶνα κώμην, πόλιν ἀποδείξας τὴν κατοικίαν καὶ προσαγορεύσας Νεάπολιν. ταύτης δὲ τῆς χώρας τὸ μὲν προσάρκτιον πλευρὸν ἡ Γαζηλωνῖτις συγκλείει καὶ ἡ τῶν Ἀμισηνῶν, τὸ δὲ ἑσπέριον ὁ Ἅλυς, τὸ δʼ ἑῷον ἡ Φανάροια, τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ἡ ἡμετέρα χώρα ἡ τῶν Ἀμασέων, πολὺ πασῶν πλείστη καὶ ἀρίστη. τὸ μὲν οὖν πρὸς τῇ Φαναροίᾳ μέρος τῆς Φαζημωνίτιδος λίμνη κατέχει πελαγία τὸ μέγεθος ἡ Στιφάνη καλουμένη, πολύοψος καὶ κύκλῳ νομὰς ἀφθόνους ἔχουσα καὶ παντοδαπάς· ἐπίκειται δʼ αὐτῇ φρούριον ἐρυμνὸν ἔρημον νῦν Ἰκίζαρι, καὶ πλησίον βασίλειον κατεσκαμμένον· ἡ δὲ λοιπὴ ψιλὴ τὸ πλέον καὶ σιτοφόρος χώρα. ὑπέρκειται δὲ τῆς τῶν Ἀμασέων τά τε θερμὰ ὕδατα τῶν Φαζημωνιτῶν ὑγιεινὰ σφόδρα, καὶ τὸ Σαγύλιον ἐπὶ ὄρους ὀρθίου καὶ ὑψηλοῦ πρὸς ὀξεῖαν ἀνατείνοντος ἄκραν ἔρυμα ἱδρυμένον ἔχον καὶ ὑδρεῖον δαψιλές, ὃ νῦν ὠλιγώρηται, τοῖς δὲ βασιλεῦσιν ἦν χρήσιμον εἰς πολλά. ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἑάλω καὶ διεφθάρη ὑπὸ τῶν Φαρνάκου τοῦ βασιλέως παίδων Ἀρσάκης, δυναστεύων καὶ νεωτερίζων, ἐπιτρέψαντος οὐδενὸς τῶν ἡγεμόνων· ἑάλω δὲ οὐ βίᾳ τοῦ ἐρύματος ληφθέντος ὑπὸ Πολέμωνος καὶ Λυκομήδους, βασιλέων ἀμφοῖν, ἀλλὰ λιμῷ· ἀνέφυγε γὰρ εἰς τὸ ὄρος παρασκευῆς χωρὶς εἰργόμενος τῶν πεδίων, εὗρε δὲ καὶ τὰ ὑδρεῖα ἐμπεφραγμένα πέτραις ἠλιβάτοις· οὕτω γὰρ διετέτακτο Πομπήιος, κατασπᾶν κελεύσας τὰ φρούρια καὶ μὴ ἐᾶν χρήσιμα τοῖς ἀναφεύγειν εἰς αὐτὰ βουλομένοις λῃστηρίων χάριν. ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὖν οὕτω διέταξε τὴν Φαζημωνῖτιν, οἱ δʼ ὕστερον βασιλεῦσι καὶ ταύτην ἔνειμαν.

Translations (1)

Geography (Books 6-14) Perseus (Strabo. The Geography of Strabo, Vols. 3-6. Jones, Horace Leonard, translator. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1924-1929 (printing).) — 12.3.38 focus

[38] There remain to be described the parts of the Pontus which lie between this country and the countries of the Amisenians and Sinopeans, which latter extend towards Cappadocia and Galatia and Paphlagonia. Now after the territory of the Amisenians, and extending to the Halys River, is Phazemonitis, which Pompey named Neapolitis, proclaiming the settlement at the village Phazemon a city and calling it Neapolis.¹ The northern side of this country is bounded by Gazelonitis and the country of the Amisenians; the western by the Halys River; the eastern by Phanaroea; and the remaining side by my country, that of the Amaseians, which is by far the largest and best of all. Now the part of Phazemonitis towards Phanaroea is covered by a lake which is like a sea in size, is called Stephane, abounds in fish, and has all round it abundant pastures of all kinds. On its shores lies a strong fortress, Icizari, now deserted; and, near by, a royal palace, now in ruins. The remainder of the country is in general bare of trees and productive of grain. Above the country of the Amaseians are situated the hot springs of the Phazemonitae, which are extremely good for the health, and also Sagylium, with a strong hold situated on a high steep mountain that runs up into a sharp peak. Sagylium also has an abundant reservoir of water, which is now in neglect, although it was useful to the kings for many purposes. Here Arsaces, one of the sons of Pharnaces, who was playing the dynast and attempting a revolution without permission from any of the prefects, was captured and slain.² He was captured, however, not by force, although the stronghold was taken by Polemon and Lycomedes, both of them kings, but by starvation, for he fled up into the mountain without provisions, being shut out from the plains, and he also found the wells of the reservoir choked up by huge rocks; for this had been done by order of Pompey, who ordered that the garrisons be pulled down and not be left useful to those who wished to flee up to them for the sake of robberies. Now it was in this way that Pompey arranged Phazemonitis for administrative purposes, but the later rulers distributed also³ this country among kings.

Notes on the current edition

Geography

1. On the S. W. of the ridge of Tauschan Dagh.

2. Mersivan. The text is corrupt. Groskurd’s emendation is followed in the translation.

3. Ladik-Gol.

4. Kawsa.

5. Ijan (Tauschan) Kalessi.

Strabo Geography 12.3.38

Hans Claude Hamilton (Translator), William Falconer (Translator)

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