Aristotle Poetics 21.18

Theodore Alois Buckley (Translator)

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And the masculine, indeed, are such as end in v, and p,

Poetics. Aristotle. Theodore Alois Buckley (Translator). London. 1857.

Current edition Experimental

The Poetic of Aristotle (Theodore Alois Buckley) (OCR draft) (English) (Theodore Alois Buckley's English translation, first published in 1850 and represented from the Henry G. Bohn 1857 printing; corrected against a second OCR and aligned to the Kassel reference passage sequence.)

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (4)
Περὶ ποιητικῆς (OCR draft) (Aristotle, Poetics. Immanuel Bekker, editor, Aristotelis Opera, volume 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1837.) — 21 focus
Περὶ ποιητικῆς (OCR draft) Perseus (Aristotle, De arte poetica liber. Rudolf Kassel, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965. Reference edition for passage alignment.) — 21 focus
Poetics, Greek text (Ingram Bywater, 1909) (OCR draft) Experimental (Ingram Bywater's Greek text of Aristotle's Poetics, published in 1909.) — 21 focus
Poetics, Greek text (Franz Ritter, 1839) (OCR draft) Experimental (Franz Ritter's 1839 Greek edition, corrected against OCR of the represented copy and aligned to the conventional Perseus chapter-and-subchapter sequence.) — 21 focus
Translations (13)
Poetics (W. H. Fyfe) (OCR draft) Perseus (William Hamilton Fyfe's English translation of Aristotle's Poetics, Loeb Classical Library, 1939 printing.) — 21 focus
Arabic Poetics (Badawī edition, 1953) (OCR draft) (The ancient Arabic translation of Aristotle's Poetics in ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī's 1953 edition.) — 21 focus
Poetics (S. H. Butcher, 1911) (OCR draft) Experimental (S. H. Butcher's English translation from Aristotle's Theory of Poetry and Fine Art, fourth edition, 1911.) — 21 focus
Aristotle on the Art of Poetry (Ingram Bywater, 1909) (OCR draft) Experimental (Ingram Bywater's English translation of Aristotle's Poetics, published in 1909.) — 21 focus
Poetics (Thomas Twining, 1789) (OCR draft) Experimental (Thomas Twining's English translation of Aristotle's Poetics, published in 1789 and aligned to the Kassel reference passage sequence.) — 21.18 focus
A word is EXTENDED, when for the proper vowel a longer is substituted, or a syllable is inserted. A word is CONTRACTED, when some part of it is retrenched. Thus, ποληος, for πολεος, and Πηληιαδεω for Πηλειδεω, are extended words:
The Poetic of Aristotle (Henry James Pye, revised 1792) (OCR draft) Experimental (Henry James Pye's revised 1792 English translation, corrected against the 1788 first edition, aligned to the Kassel reference edition, and supplied with a selective apparatus of substantive 1788 readings.) — 21.18 focus
or the additional syllable. Πόληος for Πόλεος
Poetica Latine conversa (Franciscus Ritter, 1839) (OCR draft) Experimental (Franz Ritter's Latin translation, corrected against OCR of the represented copy and aligned to the conventional Perseus chapter-and-subchapter sequence.) — 21 focus
La poëtique d'Aristote (André Dacier, 1692) (OCR draft) Experimental (André Dacier's French translation of Aristotle's Poetics, published in 1692.) — 21.18 focus
Les noms alongez ſont ceux, où l'on met une voyelle longue au lieu d'une breve,
Poetica d'Aristotile (Bernardo Segni, 1549) (OCR draft) Experimental (Bernardo Segni's 1549 Florentine Italian translation, aligned to the Kassel reference passage sequence.) — 21 focus
De poetica (Antonio Riccobono, 1587) (OCR draft) Experimental (Antonio Riccobono's Latin translation, first published in 1587; text represented from Immanuel Bekker's 1831 edition.) — 21 focus
De arte poetica liber (William of Moerbeke, ca. 1277) (OCR draft) Experimental (William of Moerbeke's medieval Latin translation, represented by the 1953 Aristoteles Latinus edition.) — 21 focus
Arabic Poetics (Abū Bishr Mattā; Tkatsch edition) (OCR draft) Experimental (The Arabic translation attributed to Abū Bishr Mattā, edited by Jaroslaus Tkatsch in 1928 and aligned to the Kassel reference passage sequence.) — 21 focus
Arabic Poetics (Abū Bishr Mattā; Tkatsch edition, unaligned) (OCR draft) Experimental (Tkatsch's edition of the medieval Arabic translation in its original, unaligned segmentation.) — 21 focus

Commentary

Commentary on the Poetics (Ingram Bywater, 1909) (OCR draft) (Ingram Bywater's English commentary on Aristotle's Poetics.) focus

18. mvp-aristotle-comment-782

ἐπεκτεταμένον κτέ. The three kinds of word remaining for consideration are abnormal only in form. As they are substantially the same as the usual words, they are said to be intelligible to all (22, 1458b 4), i. e. they do not require explanation as a γλῶττα might do. The ἐπεκτεταμένον ὄνομα is the ordinary word lengthened out in one or other of two ways, either through the lengthening of a syllable normally short, or through the insertion of an extra syllable. Aristotle's standard being Attic, he regards πόληος for instance as a lengthened form of πόλεως. ἐπεκτείνειν has this same sense in Metaph. Δ 4, 1014 b 17
εἴ τις ἐπεκτείνας λέγοι τὸ υ (in the word φύσις)
.
4 1458 a 4 Πηλείδου. The reading of A c, Πηλέος, is retained by Vahlen, who marks a lacuna after the word. M. Schmidt fills up the assumed gap by the following restoration: τὸ Πηλέος (Πηλῆος καὶ τὸ Πηλείδου) Πηληιάδεω. It is quite as easy, however, to suppose Πηλέος to have got in by assimilation to the preceding πόλεως (or πόλεος, as it is in A c); and it must be admitted that a second instance of this sort of lengthening is hardly wanted. As regards Πηληιάδεω for Πηλείδου, Aristotle's view apparently is that the -ā- in it is epenthetic, συλλαβὴ ἐμβεβλημένη (v. on 20, 1456b 34). Its other deviations from the normal word ( -ηι = -ει-, and -εω = -ου) would be, according to ancient theory, instances of διαίρεσις, 'resolution', with a lengthening of vowels in the resolved diphthongs.

18. mvp-aristotle-comment-783

ἀφῃρημένον. As the ἀφῃρημένον is the opposite of the ἐπεκτεταμένον ὄνομα (v. supra 1), we may take the term to include (1) a word with a shortened vowel, and (2) a word shortened by the omission of a syllable, whether in the beginning, middle, or end of it, i. e. a word which in the terminology of the grammarians has suffered ἀφαίρεσις, συγκοπή, or ἀποκοπή. Aristotle's examples, however, κρῖ, δῶ, [blank], are all instances of ἀποκοπή — the term he himself uses with reference to this class of words in 22, 1458 b 2; comp. Strabo's (364 Cas.) explanation of Μέσση in Il. 2. 582 :
ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ κατ᾿ ἀποκοπὴν δέχονται τὴν Μεσσήνην· παραδείγμασι δὲ χρῶνται τοῦ μὲν ποιητοῦ τῷ κρῖ καὶ δῶ καὶ μάψ, καὶ ἔτι ‘ἥρως δ᾽ Αὐτομέδων τε καὶ Ἀλκιμος’ ἀντὶ τοῦ Ἀλκιμέδων . . παρ᾿ Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ δὲ ‘μία γίνεται ἀμφοτέρων ὄψ’, ἡ ὄψις
. It is clear that Aristotle's ἀφῃρημένον ὄνομα covers a wider ground than the ἀφαίρεσις of the grammarians, and that it must include their ἀποκοπή and συγκοπή. In the preliminary statement in 21, 1457b 2 the shortened word is termed the ὑφῃρημένον, not the ἀφῃρημένον ὄνομα. In the interests of uniformity—which one can hardly suppose Aristotle to have ignored in a matter so technical as this—one must either read ἀφῃρημένον in 21, 1457 b 2 (with Spengel), or restore ὑφῃρημένον throughout the present section. Some of the grammarians seem to have used ὑφαίρεσις (v. HSt. s. v.) for the dropping of a letter in the middle of a word.

Remarques sur la poëtique d'Aristote (André Dacier, 1692) (OCR draft) (André Dacier's French commentary on Aristotle's Poetics.) focus

22. mvp-aristotle-comment-506

21.18 22. Les noms alongez ſont ceux, où l'on met une voyelle longue, au lieu d'une breve.] 1

Commentarius in Aristotelis Poeticam (Franciscus Ritter, 1839) (OCR draft) (Ritter's Latin commentary, extracted from the 1839 volume, divided by Ritter's chapters and sections, and linked to the corresponding Perseus reference subsections.) focus

10. mvp-aristotle-comment-156

Ritter, cap. 21 § 10

ἀφηρημένον δὲ οἷον τὸ κρῖ καὶ τὸ δῶ: stirpes illae nominum δῶμα et κριθή saepius apud Homerum ceterosque poetas epicos reperiuntur. nomina sunt imperfecta potius quam mutilata, quatenus terminos non tam amiserunt quam omnino non receperunt. conf. Strabo VIII. p. 364 (p. 560): παραδείγμασι δὲ χρῶνται τοῦ μὲν ποιητοῦ τῷ κρῖ καὶ δῶ καὶ μάψ, καὶ ἔτι (Il. Τ. 392) “ ἵππους δ᾽ Αὐτομέδων · τε καὶ Αλκιμος᾽ ἀντὶ τοῦ ᾿Αλκιμέδων, Ἡσιόδου δέ, ὅτι τὸ ῥᾴδιον ῥᾶ, Ἐπίχαρμος δὲ τὸ λίαν λί, Συρακὼ δὲ τὰς Συρακούσας. παρ' Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ δὲ “ μία γίνεται ἀμφοτέρων ὄψ” ἡ ὄψις. καὶ παρ' ᾿Αντιμάχῳ “ Δήμητρός τοι Ἐλευσινίης ἱερὴ ὄψ,” καὶ τὸ ἄλφιτον ἄλφι. paulo post Empedoclis hemistichium (Empedoclis esse Strabo nos docet) totum ab Aristotele transcriptum est, ut lectores vocem ὄψ pro decurtata ὄψις, non pro foramine, acciperent.