Aeschylus Eumenides 5

Anna Swanwick (Translator)

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Ghost
Sleep would ye! How! what need of sleepers here?
But I, by you dishonoured thus and scorned,
Among the other dead no lack of blame,
For his sake whom I slew, must needs endure.
In deep disgrace I wander ;-hear ye this,
Reproach among the shades forsakes me not;
100
Dire evil I have borne from those most dear,
And yet for me, by matricidal hands
Ruthlessly slain, no god is moved to wrath.
Behold these direful heart-wounds, whence they came,
For clear in sleep the vision of the mind,
Though unforeseen by day the fate of men.
My off'rings many a time have ye lapped up,
Wineless libations, sober, soothing gifts,
The hallowed feast around the altar-fire,
At night's dread hour, shared by no other god.
110
All these down-trampled now I must behold.
But gone is he, escaping like a fawn,
And, lightly bounding o'er the hunter's net,
At you he mocked, with many a scornful jeer.
Hear ye, how, pleading for my life, I speak.
Awake, dread demons of the lower world;
For Clytemnestra calls you, I, a dream.

Eumenides. Aeschylus. Anna Swanwick (Translator). London. 1886.

Sponsored by University of Leipzig.

Funding provided by European Social Fund Saxony.

Current edition Experimental

Eumenides (OCR draft) (English) (Eumenides. Anna Swanwick, 1886.)

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (12)
Εὐμενίδες First1KGreek (Aeschyli Tragoediae. Sidgwick, Arthur, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902.) — 1-142 focus
Εὐμενίδες Perseus (Aeschylus, Volume 2. Smyth, Herbert Weir, editor. London; New York: William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1926.) — 1-142 focus
Εὐμενίδες (1518 edition; OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Eumenides, 1518 edition. VLM-assisted OCR with native lineation and automated correspondence to the Smyth edition.) — 1 focus
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Εὐμενίδες. Guilielmus Dindorfius, 1882.) — 1 focus
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Εὐμενίδες. Gottfried Hermann, 1852.) — 1 focus
ΕΥΜΕΝΙΔΕΣ (OCR draft) Experimental (ΕΥΜΕΝΙΔΕΣ. Paul Mazon, 1920-1925.) — 1 focus
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Εὐμενίδες. Arthur Sidgwick, 1887.) — 1 focus
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Εὐμενίδες. N. Wecklein, 1885.) — 1 focus
Πρῶτον μὲν εὐχῇ τῇδε πρεσβεύω θεῶν
1
τὴν πρωτόμαντιν Γαῖαν· ἐκ δὲ τῆς θέμιν,
ἣ δὴ τὸ μητρὸς δευτέρα τόδ᾽ ἕζετο
μαντεῖον, ὡς λόγος τις· ἐν δὲ τῷ τρίτῳ
λάχει, θελούσης οὐδὲ πρὸς βίαν τινός,
5
Τιτανὶς ἄλλη παῖς χθονὸς καθέζετο
Φοίβη, δίδωσι δ᾽ ἣ γενέθλιον δόσιν
Φοίβῳ· τὸ Φοίβης δ᾽ ὄνομ᾽ ἔχει παρώνυμον.
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Εὐμενίδες. Martin L. West, 1990.) — 1 focus
Aeschyli Eumenides (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschyli Eumenides. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, 1914.) — 1 focus
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek text of Aeschylus' Eumenides, edited by F. A. Paley, 1885.) — 1 focus
Πρῶτον μὲν εὐχῇ τῇδε πρεσβευω θεῶν
1
τὴν πρωτόμαντιν Γαῖαν· ἐκ δὲ τῆς Θέμιν,
ἢ δὴ τὸ μητρὸς δευτέρα τόδ᾽ ἕζετο
μαντεῖον, ὡς λόγος τις· ἐν δὲ τῷ τρίτῳ
λάχει, θελούσης, οὐδὲ πρὸς βίαν τινὸς,
5
Τιτανὶς ἄλλη παῖς χθονὸς καθέζετο
Φοίβη· δίδωσι δ᾽ ἣ γενέθλιον δόσιν
Φοίβῳ· τὸ Φοίβης δ᾽ ὄνομ᾽ ἔχει παρώνυμον.
λιπὼν δὲ λίμνην Δηλίαν τε χοιράδα,
κέλσας ἐπ᾿ ἀκτὰς ναυπόρους τὰς Παλλάδος,
10
ἐς τήνδε γαῖαν ἦλθε Παρνησσοῦ θ᾽ ἕδρας.
πέμπουσι δ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ σεβίζουσιν μέγα
κελευθοποιοὶ παῖδες Ηφαίστου, χθόνα
ἀνήμερον τιθέντες ἡμερωμένην.
μολόντα δ᾽ αὐτὸν κάρτα τιμαλφεῖ λεώς,
15
Δελφός τε χώρας τῆσδε πρυμνήτης ἄναξ.
τέχνης δέ νιν Ζεὺς ἔνθεον κτίσας φρένα,
ἵζει τέταρτον τόνδε μάντιν ἐν θρόνοις·
Διὸς προφήτης δ᾽ ἐστὶ Λοξίας πατρός.
τούτους ἐν εὐχαῖς φροιμιάζομαι θεούς.
20
Παλλὰς προναία δ᾽ ἐν λόγοις πρεσβεύεται.
σέβω δὲ νύμφας, ἔνθα Κωρυκὶς πέτρα
κοίλη, φίλορνις, δαιμόνων ἀναστροφή·
Βρόμιος δ᾽ ἔχει τὸν χῶρον, οὐδ᾽ ἀμνημονῶ,
ἐξ οὗτε Βάκχαις ἐστρατήγησεν θεὸς,
25
λαγὼ δίκην Πενθεῖ καταρράψας μόρον·
Πλειστοῦ τε πηγὰς, καὶ Ποσειδώνος κράτος
καλοῦσα, καὶ Τέλειον ὕψιστον Δία.
ἔπειτα μάντις εἰς θρόνους καθιζάνω.
καὶ νῦν τυχεῖν με τῶν πρὶν εἰσόδων μακρῷ
30
ἄριστα δοῖεν· κεἰ παρ᾿ Ἑλλήνων τινὲς,
ἴτων πάλῳ λαχόντες, ὡς νομίζεται·
μαντεύομαι γὰρ ὡς ἂν ἡγῆται θεός.
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek text of Aeschylus' Eumenides, edited by Friedrich Blass, 1907.) — 1 focus
Πρῶτον μὲν εὐχῆι τῆιδε πρεσβεύω θεῶν
1
τὴν πρωτόμαντιν Γαῖαν· ἐκ δὲ τῆς Θέμιν,
ἢ δὴ τὸ μητρὸς δευτέρα τόδ᾽ ἔζετο
μαντεῖον, ὡς λόγος τις· ἐν δὲ τῶι τρίτωι
λάχει, θελούσης, οὐδὲ πρὸς βίαν τινός,
5
Τιτανὶς ἄλλη παῖς Χθονὸς καθέζετο
Φοίβη· δίδωσιν δ᾽ ἡ γενέθλιον δόσιν
Φοίβωι, τὸ Φοίβης δ᾽ ὄνομ᾽ ἔχει παρώνυμον.
λιπὼν δὲ λίμνην Δηλίαν τε χοιράδα,
κέλσας ἐπ᾿ ἀκτὰς ναυπόρους τὰς Παλλάδος,
10
ἐς τήνδε γαῖαν ἦλθε Παρνησοῦ θ᾽ ἕδρας.
πέμπουσι δ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ σεβίζουσιν μέγα
κελευθοποιοί παῖδες Ἡφαίστου, χθόνα
ἀνήμερον τιθέντες ἡμερωμένην.
μολόντα δ᾽ αὐτὸν κάρτα τιμαλφεῖ λεώς,
15
Δελφὸς τε χώρας τῆσδε πρυμνήτης ἄναξ.
τέχνης δέ νιν Ζεὺς ἔνθεον κτίσας φρένα
ἵζει τέταρτον τοῖσδε μάντιν ἐν θρόνοις·
Διὸς προφήτης δ᾽ ἐστὶ Λοξίας πατρός.
Παλλὰς προνάια δ᾽ εὐλόγως πρεσβεύεται.
σέβω δὲ νύμφας, ἔνθα Κωρυκὶς πέτρα
κοίλη, φίλορνις, δαιμόνων ἀναστροφαί·
Βρόμιος ἔχει τὸν χῶρον, οὐδ᾽ ἀμνημονῶ,
ἐξ οὗτε Βάκχαις ἐστρατήγησεν θεός,
25
λαγὼ δίκην Πενθεῖ καταρράψας μόρον.
τούτους ἐν εὐχαῖς φροιμιάζομαι θεούς,
20
Πλειστοῦ τε πηγὰς καὶ Ποσειδῶνος κράτος
καλοῦσα καὶ τέλειον ύψιστον Δία,
ἔπειτα μάντις ἐς θρόνους καθιζάνω.
καὶ νῦν τυχεῖν μοι τῶν πρὶν εἰσόδων μακρῶι
30
ἄριστα δοῖεν· κεὶ πάρ᾽ Ἑλλήνων τινές,
ἴτων πάλωι λαχόντες, ὡς νομίζεται·
μαντεύομαι γάρ, ὡς ἂν ἡγῆται θεός.
Translations (10)
Eumenides Perseus (Aeschylus, Volume 2. Smyth, Herbert Weir, translator. London; New York: William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1926. (Modernized by Perseus.)) — 1-140 focus
The Eumenides (OCR draft) Experimental (The Eumenides. Theodore Alois Buckley, 1849.) — 1 focus
First indeed with these prayers I honor Earth the first-prophetess of the Deities: and after her 1
Themis, who then next sat on this, her mother's, oracular seat, as a certain legend runs. But in the third turn, [Themis] being willing, and not in despite of any one, Titanian Phoebe, another child of Earth took the seat, and she gives it to Phoebus as a birth-gift. And he has his name derived from Phoebe. But having left the lake and the Delian rock, having landed on the ship-receiving shores of Pallas, he came into this land and to the seats of Parnassus. And the road-making sons of Vulcan 2
attend on 3
, and greatly worship him, rendering the rough earth smooth. But the people honor exceedingly him having come, and Delphus who sways the helm 1
of this land. And Jove having made him inspired in mind with the art, seats him here the fourth seer on the throne; and Loxias 2
is the prophet of his father Jove. To these deities I prelude my address with prayers. And Pronaean Pallas is celebrated in story. And I venerate the nymphs, where is the Corician hollow grot, bird-loved, the haunt of Deities. Bromius too possesses the realm, nor am I forgetful of it, from the time that the god led on his Bacchants, having plotted death for Pentheus like a hare; and invoking the fountains of Plistus, and the might of Neptune, and perfect highest Jove. I then sit down a prophetess on the throne; and now may the gods grant that I obtain by far the best of former entrances, and if any from the Greeks are present, let them advance having obtained their turn by lot, as is the custom; for I prophesy as the god may direct. (She enters the temple, and suddenly returns.)
LES EUMÉNIDES (OCR draft) Experimental (LES EUMÉNIDES. Paul Mazon, 1920-1925.) — 1 focus
Ma prière, parmi les dieux, fait une place à part en premier lieu à la première prophétesse, à la Terre; après elle, à Thémis, qui s'assit la seconde au siège prophétique laissé par sa mère, comme l'affirme un vieux
récit. La troisième, à son tour, avouée de Thémis, sans violence faite à personne, une autre Titanide, fille de la Terre, s'y assit ensuite, Phoibé, et c'est elle qui l'offre, en don de joyeuse naissance, à Phoibos — Phoibos, qui doit à Phoibé ce surnom. Délaissant donc Délos, son lac
et sa croupe rocheuse, il s'en vient aborder aux rives de Pallas, familières aux nefs 1 , pour gagner cette terre et le Parnasse, son nouveau séjour. Il y trouve une escorte et d'éclatants honneurs; les enfants d'Héphaistos 2 lui ouvrent son chemin, apprivoisant pour lui le sol sauvage. Il arrive
et reçoit ici le franc hommage du peuple et de son roi, Delphos, pilote du pays. Et Zeus, lui emplissant le cœur de divine science, l'assied sur ce siège, quatrième prophète : Loxias, ici, parle pour Zeus son père. Voilà donc par
quels dieux commenceront mes prières. (Elle se retourne et porte les yeux successivement dans chacune des directions où elle peut saluer un des dieux qu'elle invoque). Mais Pal- las Pronaia 3 , dans nos vieux récits, tient également une place à part. Et je salue aussi les Nymphes de l'antre Corycien, asile des oiseaux, retraite d'un dieu : là règne Bromios — je me garde de l'oublier! — depuis le
jour où sa divinité conduisit au combat les Bacchantes et à Penthée trama la mort d'un lièvre. J'invoque enfin et les eaux du Pleistos, et Poseidon puissant, et Zeus Suprê- me, sans qui rien ne s'achève, avant de prendre place,
prophétesse, sur mon siège. Daignent ces dieux bénir, au- jourd'hui plus encore que jamais, mon entrée au saint lieu. Si quelques pèlerins nous sont venus de Grèce, qu'ils s'ap- prochent, ainsi qu'il est de règle, dans l'ordre indiqué par le sort : je prophétise, moi, dans celui que me dicte le dieu.
The Furies (OCR draft) Experimental (The Furies. Robert Potter, 1779.) — 1 focus
WITH reverence firſt to the Earth I pay theſe vows,
1
The firſt prophetic pow'r:
to Themis next,
Who next her mother held, they ſay, this ſeat
Oracular:
5
Titanian Phœbe then,
She too the daughter of the Earth, unforc'd
Aſſum'd this ſeat; to Phœbus at his birth
Rich
Eschilo, Le Eumenidi: traduzione italiana di Ettore Romagnoli (OCR draft) Experimental (Eschilo, Le Eumenidi: traduzione italiana di Ettore Romagnoli. Ettore Romagnoli, 1922.) — 1 focus
Prega dinanzi al tempio.
1
Prima con questa prece onoro Gea
che profetessa fu prima: indi Tèmide
che seconda ebbe sede in questo oracolo,
dopo sua madre, com'è fama; e terza,
5
né già per forza, ma piacendo a Tèmide,
vi salí Febe, prole dei Titani,
figliuola anch'essa della terra; e dono
natale a Febo ella ne fece: e il nome
serba ancora dell'ava.
10
E il Dio, lasciate
le scogliere di Delo e la palude,
alle acclivi approdò spiagge di Pallade
e a questo suolo, ed al Parnaso giunse.
Scorta gli fanno, e grande onore, e innanzi
15
gli schiudono la via, gli Atenïesi
figli d'Efesto, e la selvaggia terra
rendono pervia.
E come ei giunge, il popolo
Aeschylus, Eumenides: versio Latina Ioannis Sanravii (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Eumenides: versio Latina Ioannis Sanravii. Ioannes Sanravius, 1555.) — 1 focus
PRIMO quidem prece hac deorum honoro
1
Terram primiuatem, ex qua Themin aiunt,
Quæ secunda à matre ſedit
in hoc uaticinij loco, ut ſermo aliquis, in tertia uerò
Sorte, uolentis neq; per uim alicuius
5
Titanis alia filia terræ ſedit
Phœbe, quæ uerò dat natale donum
Phœbo. Phœbes nomen habet paronymum.
Relinquens paludem & Delium faxum,
Appellens ad littora Palladis, qua tranſeunt naues,
10
In hanc terram uenit, ſedesq; Parnaſi:
Deducunt uerò ipſum, & colunt ualde
Iter facientes filij ulcani, terram
Ferocem facientes mitem:
Accedentemq; ipſum admodum honorat populus,
15
Delphusq; rex huius regionis gubernator,
Artis uerò ipſum diuinum Iupiter condens mente
Conſtituit quartum hunc uatem in thronis,
Iouis uates est Loxias patris.
Hos in precibus laudabo deos.
20
Pallas protemplaris uerò uerbis honoratur.
Colo uerò nymphas, ibi Coricis petra
Caua, augur dæmonum conuerſio,
Dionysiacus uerò habet locum, neq; obliuifcor.
Ex quo Bacchis præſuit deus,
25
“Leporis inſtar luctui inſerens mortem.
Pliſti fontes, & Neptuni imperium
Vocans, & perfectum altiſimum Iouem,
Deinde uates in ſedibus ſedeo.
Et nunc me aſsequi ingreſsoru longorum priorum.
30
Optima dent, & à Græcis aliqui
Eant forte ſortientes, ut exiſtimatur.
Vaticinor enim ut monſtrat Deus.
Aeschylus, Die Eumeniden: German translation (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Die Eumeniden: German translation. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, 1919–1923.) — 1 focus
Mein erst Gebet der ersten Zukunftskünderin,
Urmutter Erde; nächst der Erde ruf' ich dann
Themis, die nach der Mutter hier gewaltet hat.
So lebt es im Gedächtnis. Dann als dritte nahm
5 durch Übereinkunft, ohne Streit, der Themis Platz
die Schwester ein, Titanin, Erdentochter auch,
Phoibe. Sie hat Apollon diesen Sitz geschenkt,
dem Neugebor'nen; Phoibos heifst von ihr der Gott.
Vom Weiher auf dem Felseneiland Delos zog
10 Apollon an den schiffbelebten Küstenstrand
des Pallaslandes; weiter dann von Attika,
bis hier er am Parnassos seine Stätte fand.
Wegbahnend gaben ihm in feierlichem Zug
die Söhne des Hephaistos ehrfurchtsvoll Geleit,
und durch Urwildnis schlugen sich're Pfade sie.
15 Mit höchsten Ehren nahm sein Kommen hier das Volk
und Delphos auf, der König, der dem Land gebot.
Und in der Seele weckte Zeus die Götterkraft
der Zukunftsschau dem Sohne, setzt' als vierten ihn,
die Wahrheit zu verkünden, auf den Seherthron:
was Zeus ihm eingiebt, offenbart Apollons Mund.
English (E. D. A. Morshead, 1889, second edition) (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, The Furies — Morshead translation. Wikisource transcription; speech corresp and card milestones aligned to Smyth perseus-grc2.) — 1 focus
First in this prayer of all the gods I name
1
The prophet-mother Earth; and Themis next,
Second who sat—for so with truth is said—
On this her mother's shrine oracular.
Then by her grace, who unconstrained allowed,
5
There sat thereon another child of Earth—
Titanian Phœbe. She, in after time,
Gave o'er the throne, as birthgift to a god,
Phœbus, who in his own bears Phœbe's name.
He from the lake and ridge of Delos' isle
10
Steered to the port of Pallas' Attic shores,
The home of ships; and thence he passed and came
Unto this land and to Parnassus' shrine.
And at his side, with awe revering him,
There went the children of Hephæstus' seed,
15
The hewers of the sacred way, who tame
The stubborn tract that erst was wilderness.
And all this folk and Delphos chieftain-king
Of this their land with honour gave him home;
And in his breast Zeus set a prophet's soul,
20
And gave to him this throne, whereon he sits,
Fourth prophet of the shrine, and, Loxias hight,
Gives voice to that which Zeus his sire decrees.
Such gods I name in my preluding prayer,
And after them, I call with honour due
25
On Pallas, wardress of the fane, and Nymphs
Who dwell around the rock Corycian,
Where in the hollow cave, the wild birds' haunt,
Wander the feet of lesser gods; and there,
Right well I know it, Bromian Bacchus dwells,
30
Since he in godship led his Mænad host,
Devising death for Pentheus, whom they rent
Piecemeal, as hare among the hounds. And last,
I call on Pleistus' springs, Poseidon's might,
And Zeus most high, the great Accomplisher.
35
Then as a seeress to the sacred chair
I pass and sit; and may the powers divine
Make this mine entrance fruitful in response
Beyond each former advent, triply blest.
And if there stand without, from Hellas bound,
40
Men seeking oracles, let each pass in
In order of the lot, as use allows;
For the god guides whate'er my tongue proclaims.
[ She goes into the interior of the temple; after a short interval, she returns in great fear.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1854; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylos. Deutsch in den Versmaßen der Urschrift. Stuttgart: Hoffmann, 1854. Native Donner line citations, Smyth card correspondence, selected textual readings and metrical facsimiles. Remaining OCR differences and unattributed reading notes are documented in the linked review inventory.) — 1 focus
Von allen Göttern feiert mein Gebet zuerst 1
1
Die Urprophetin Erde, nächst ihr Themis auch,
Die nach der Mutter diesen Siz der Sage nach
Einnahm, die zweite. Dritten Ortes thronte hier
Mit Themis' Willen, ohne Zwang an irgendwem,
5
Ein andres Kind der Erde vom Titanenstamm,
Die Phöbe. Sie gab als Geburtsgeschenk den Siz
An Phöbos, dem von Phöbe so der Name ward.
Der Gott verließ nun Delos' Teich und Felsenstrand,
Und fuhr zu Pallas' schiffsbedeckten Uferhöh'n,
10
Und kam in diese Fluren an Parnassos' Siz.
Und ihn geleiten und Verehrung zollen ihm
Hephästos' Söhne, die, bereitend seine Bahn,
Vor seinem Schritte wildes Land entwilderten.
Und als er einzog, feiert hoch ihn alles Volk
15
Mit König Delphos, der des Landes Steuer lenkt.
Doch Zeus begeistert seine Brust mit hoher Kunst,
Und segt als vierten Seher ihn auf diesen Stuhl,
Und Zeus', des Vaters, Gotteswort spricht Loxias.
An diese Götter wendet sich mein Fleh'n zuerst.
20
Auch dir im Vorhof, Pallas, buldigt mein Gebet,
Und ehrt die Nymphen, wo Korykis' Fels sich wölbt,
Heimat der Vögel, wo sich Götter froh ergeh'n.
Des Ortes waltet Bacchos, wohl gedenk' ich sein,
Seitdem der Gott die Bacchen angeführt im Kampf,
25
Pentheus mit Tod umgarnend, scheuem Wilde gleich.
Auch Pleistos' Quellen und Poseidons Herrschermacht
Verehr' ich, auch den höchsten Allvollender Zeus;
Dann als Prophetin steig' ich auf den Seherthron.
Und nun, o Götter, segnet mehr, als je zuvor,
30
Mir heut den Eingang! Ist ein Mann aus Hellas hier,
Er komme nach dem Loose, wie der Brauch gebeut!
Ich spreche meine Sprüche, wie der Gott mich treibt.
(Sie geht in den Tempel, kehrt aber bald voll Entsetzen wieder zurück.)
English (Smyth; revised Bannon and Nagy, CHS) (OCR draft) Experimental (CHS Primary Sources revision of Herbert Weir Smyth’s translation by Cynthia Bannon and Gregory Nagy, with transliterated Greek terms tagged and aligned to the Smyth edition.)

No corresponding passage available

Commentary

Commentary on Aeschylus: Eumenides (Aeschylus. Eumenides. Sidgwick, Arthur, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1887.)

100. πρός , common poetic use for ὑπό of agent: Cho. 133, 346, etc. So ἐκ, παρά, and ἀπό are poetically used. So below 1. 102.

104. ὄμμασιν λαμπρύνεται , stately Aeschylean for 'is clearsighted.'

105. μοῖρ᾽ ἀπρόσκοπος βροτῶν , 'tis the lot of mortals to be blind. Others take it the lot of men cannot be foretold: but the sense of the other is better, the antithesis is more pointed, ('seeing in sleep, blind in the day,') and ἀπρόσκοπος is more naturally active. [The Schol. says ἡ τῆς φρενὸς μοῖρα, whence H. and others read φρενῶν for βροτῶν : but the Schol. is only (rather stupidly) explaining μοῖρα in connection with the φρήν of the last line: it proves nothing about the reading: φρήν and φρενῶν would be very flat repetition.]

109. ὥραν , the acc. is best explained as a kind of loose apposition to νυκτίσεμνα δείπνα: the apposition really being to the part of the expression which contains the notion of night. The Erinyes alone had midnight sacrifices.

112. καὶ ταῦτα , usually with participle: here loosely but naturally with principal verb. The fact is, the ὤρουσεν is grammatically needless ('he is gone like a fawn, and that too from the very midst of the snare'), but is redundantly added, picking up and further emphasizing οἴχεται.

113. ἐγκατιλλώψας , a strange word, which occurs again Aesch. Sisyph. (Frag. 211) meaning mock. We find also κατιλλώπτω, ἐνιλλώπτω: the derivation seems to be ἴλλω, twist, ὀπ-, face:' hence to leer, to sneer, and so to scoff.

114. τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψυχῆς , ‘for dear life;' a proverbial expression as in English (rather strange in the mouth of a ghost), meaning that the issue is of the last importance to her.

116. ὄναρ , might be nom., I, a dream, like Ag. 82 ὄναρ ἡμερόφαντον ἀλαίνει (so Schütz, Wakef. H. Pal.). But it is rather more naturally taken acc. in a dream, as l. 131. II [The Furies begin to groan and mutter and move uneasily in their sleep.]

127. κύριοι ξυνωμόται , fit conspirators: a bold and characteristic image. κύριος means rightful: sleep and weariness naturally act together. For the figure cp. Ag. 650 ξυνώμοσαν γάρ, ὄντες ἔχθιστοι τὸ πρὶν Πῦρ καὶ θάλασσα.

134. μηδ᾽ ἀγνοήσῃς πῆμα , ‘forget not my wrong.'

136. ἀντίκεντρα , like spurs; see 1. 38.

137. τῷ , on him. Epic use of article as demonstr. frequent in Aeschylus: see 11. 174, 340, 462, 484.

142. ἰδέσθαι , the middle, is an Epic use, common in Tragg. Note the loose but natural grammar κἀπολακτίσασ᾽ (sing.), ἰδώμεθ᾽ (plur.). So exactly Aristoph. Aves 203, ἐμβὰς ἐς τὴν λόχμην καλοῦμεν. ...

146. ὁ θήρ , ‘our prey.'

169. μάντις ὤν , i. e. ‘though a seer,' and thus the last who should have allowed pollution.

174. τόν , Orestes: for Epic form cp. 137, 357.

Critical apparatus to Eumenides (OCR draft) (Latin and Greek critical apparatus to Gottfried Hermann's 1852 edition of Eumenides.) focus

mvp-comment-68-1 παθοῦσα δ᾽: παθοῦσα γ' οὕτω Ven. Flor. Farn.

mvp-comment-69-1 οὐδεὶs ... ὑπέρ μου: ovdeis d' Ven. Flor. Farn. ὑπὲρ μοῦ G. Ald. et Bekkero teste Ven. ὑπερμοῦ Rob. ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ Farn.

mvp-comment-70-1 χερῶν: χειρῶν G. Ald.

mvp-comment-71-1 καρδίας ὅθεν: καρδίαι σέθεν Μ. καρδία σέθεν G. Par. Flor. καρδία σέθεν Ven. Farn. Rob. καρδίας σέθεν Ald. Turn. καρδίας ἔθεν, id ut esset idem quod quédev, Canterus scribendum putabat. Defendit Schoemannus καρδίᾳ σέθεν. Sed ad δρα plane inutiliter καρδίᾳ σέθεν additum esset, praesertim quum oé v prorsus supervacaneum sit. Scripsi, ut in Opusc. VI. 2. p. 28. scribendum esse dixeram, ὅρα δὲ πληγὰς τάςδε καρδίας ὅθεν. O. Müllero hanc emendationem eo evertere conanti, quod v. 582. Orestes matrem interfecisse dicitur ξιφουλκῇ χειρὶ πρὸς δέρην τεμών, assensus est Linwoodius. Quasi tam anxie haec rimanda essent, aut quasi nemo gladio superne iugulo alicuius defixo cor percutere possit. Ipse Linwoodius καρδίας σέθεν scripsit et πληγάς καρδίας metaphorice dictas ad convicia a Clytaemnestrae choro iniecta referendas putavit. Hoc nemo intellexisset. Contorta sunt et improbabilia quae Schne dewinus in Notitiis litterariis Gottingensibus a. 1845. p. 1948 seqq. de his versibus protulit.

mvp-comment-72-1 ὄμμασιν: uuao Victorius et sic Ven. ouao M. G. Flor. Ald. Rob. Turn.

mvp-comment-73-1 μοῖρ᾽ ἀπρόσκοπος βροτῶν: μοῖρα πρόσκοπος M. G. Ven. Flor. Farn. Ald. μοῖρα πρό-σκοπτος Rob. Recte Turnebus μοῖρ᾽ ἀπρόσκοπος ex hac scholiastae adnotatione, ἡ τῆς φρενὸς μοῖρα οὐ προορᾷ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ. Deinde libri Poorur, inepte. Scribendum, ut in Opusc. VI. 2. p. 29 dixi, ἐν ἡμέρᾳ δὲ μοῖρ᾽ ἀπρόσκοπος φρενῶν. Ita legit scholiastes, cuius adnotationem modo attuli. Stanleius praeter alia haec comparavit Ciceronis de divin. I. 30. quum ergo est somno serocalus animus a societate et contagione corporis, tum meminit praeteritorum, praesentia cernit, futura praevidet. Mirifice fallitur Linwoodius, qui hos duo versus 107. et 108. aliunde insertos putat. Recte scholiastes ἐν τῷ καθεύδειν ὁ νοῦς ἀκριβέστερον ὁρᾷ, μὴ παραπλανώμενος τῇ θέᾳ. τραγικώτερον δὲ τὸ εἴδωλον Κλυταιμνήστρας σώζει τὴν oqay. Haec igitur dicit Clytemnestra, vide haec vulnera cordis, a quo illata sunt: nam in somnis mens claro oculorum lumine utitur; interdiu vero non est eius sors ut longe videat.

mvp-comment-74-1 νηφάλια: mália Rob. Turn. vigáλia M. G. Ven. Flor. Farn. Ald.

mvp-comment-75-1 νυκτίσεμνα: νυκτίσεμνα Turn. νυκτίσεμνά Μ. νυκτὶ σεμνὰ G. Flor. Ald. Rob. et Bekkero teste Ven.

mvp-comment-76-1 ἔθυον: εv9vov Ald. male lecta scriptura codicis G. De accusativo our dixit Elmsleius ad Bacch. v. 722.

mvp-comment-77-1 καὶ πάντα ταῦτα: καὶ ταῦτα πάντα Par.

mvp-comment-78-1 ὃ δ᾽ ἐξαλύξας ... νεβροῦ: odişahé§as codex Robortelli: ipse ex emendatione Sophiani ó d'¿§akvğaç dedit, quod ceteri libri omnes habent. Deinde veßooũ M. Rob. vεzgov G. Ven. Flor. Ald. Turn. Deinde dízɛır Ald.

mvp-comment-79-1 ἀρκυστάτων: ἀρκυστάτων Turnebus. αρκυσμάτων Μ. ἀρκυσμάτων G. Ven. Flor. Par. Rob. άozioµátov Ald. dozvoμtwv ex Farn. affertur.

mvp-comment-80-1 ὑμῖν ... ἐγκατιλλώψας: ἡμῖν Bekkero teste Ven. Deinde ἐγκατιλλώψας Turn. ἐκκατιλλώψας M. G. Ven. (Bekkero teste). Flor. Farn. Ald. Rob. In Farn. glossa χλεβάσας, i. e. χλευάσας. In M. adscriptum χλευάσας, ἐγγελάσας. διὰ δὲ τούτων ερεθίζει αὐτάς.

mvp-comment-81-1 ἀκούσαθ᾽ ὡς ἔλεξα: Nihil hic mutandum erat. Audite, inquit: nam de capitali meo periculo loquor: recipite mentem el cogitationem, expergefactae.

mvp-comment-82-1 Κλυταιμνήστρα: κλυταιμνήστρας Ven. Recte Wakefieldius et Schützius intellexerunt hoc dicere Clytaemnestram, ego illa Clytemnestra, quae umbra sum el somnium, vos invoco.

mvp-comment-83-1 NA: Sequuntur epodica: respondet enim uvyμòs uvyµ@, wyμòs ὠγμῷ, et deinde epodum constituit μυγμὸς ille διπλοῦς ὀξύς, et quae somnians loquitur chorus. Chori nomen versibus 120. 123. 126. 129. 132. praefixum in Rob. Turn. In Ald. versibus 120. 126. In M. personae lineolis distinctae sunt. Omissae personarum notae in G. In Ven. Flor. Farn. versibus 120. 123. 126. 129. praefixum nóλλwv.

mvp-comment-84-1 ἀνὴρ: Libri ário, nisi quod avio est in Farn.

mvp-comment-85-1 προςίκτορες: Huic versui άn'. praefixum in Rob. Libri φίλοις γάρ εἰσιν οὐκ ἐμοῖς προσέκτορες, et G. quidem commate post εἰσιν posito. yag eloìv Ald. Rob. Horum verborum quae prolatae sunt explicationes, ipsis Graecis verbis obscuriores sunt. Schützius scribendum putavit qi- λοι γὰρ εἰσίν, οὐκ ἐμοί, προςίκτορος, quod sic interpretatur, sunt enim (dii) amici cius supplicis, sive eum supplicem recepturi, iidemque mihi haud amici. At haec sententia et alium verborum ordinem et ¿uov requireret. Quod olim dedi, φίλοι γὰρ εἰσὶν οὐκ ἐμοὶ προςίκτορες, που est mihi amicum praesidium, propterea displicet, quod qio non recte in initio positum est. Scribendum est, ut in Opusc. VI. 2. p. 32. seqq. demonstravi, φίλοις γάρ εἰσιν, οὐκ ἐμοί, προςίκτορες, cognatis enim meis sunt, non mihi, ad quorum praesidium confugiant. Iposizτoges hic non supplices, ut v. 433. sed eos significat, ad quos quis supplex accedit. Sic Ζεὺς ἀφίκτωρ in initio Supplicum, sic προς- Tónшos, et alia: ipsum nomen izétys sic quidam accipiebant, de qua re v. Eustathium p. 1807, 5.

mvp-comment-86-1 ἄγαν ... ὑπνώσσεις: ayar y Ven. Flor. Farn. υπνώσεις Rob.

mvp-comment-87-1 ὠγμός: ωγμός Rob. μωγμὸς M. Ven. Flor. μυγμός G. Farn. Ald. Turn. sed in G. v puncto notatum et supra scriptum w.

mvp-comment-88-1 ὤζεις ... οὐκ: άζεις G. Ald. ώξεις Rob. Eustathius p. 127, 10. παρὰ τὸ ὦ ὤζω ἐν Αἰσχύλῳ. 7/1 O. Müllero scribendum videbatur Çaç vaνός- oovo'; Ea mutatione non opus est. οὐκ Μ. G. Ald. Rob. Turn. κοὐκ Ven. Flor. Farn. Deinde libri dvaotion.

mvp-comment-89-1 πέπρακται: Non opus est ut néлgazia ex Stanleii Bentleiique sententia in néлgora, aut, ut Wakefieldius volebat, in tétaxta mutetur. In Prometheo quidem v. 521. est τί γὰρ πέπρωται Ζηνὶ πλὴν ἀεὶ κραττεiv; hic non minus recte dici videtur, quid tibi aliud agitur negolium quam mala perpetrare? Neque fortasse aliter intellexit scholiastes, qui haec adscripsit τί οὖν μέλλεις τὸ σὸν ἔργον ἀνύειν;

mvp-comment-90-1 ὠγμός: ώγμός Rob.

mvp-comment-91-1 ἐξεκήραναν: ἐξεκράαναν Par.

mvp-comment-92-1 μυγμὸς διπλοῦς ὀξύς: In Rob. ante dinkovs insertum z2. sequens autem versus rursus choro tributus est. In Ven. Flor. et, ut videtur, etiam in Farn. versui 133. praefixum yogòs evµevídwr.

mvp-comment-93-1 κλαγγαίνεις: Libri zλayyaivas. Dindorfio, ut antea Wakefieldio, scribendum videtur κλαγγάνεις, αἱ ἐπανακλαγγάνειν est apud Xenophontem et κλαγγάνειν in versu Sophoclis apud Strabonem XV. p. 687. όπου τις ὄρνις οὐχὶ κλαγγάνει, ubi codex Med. 3. κλαγκάζει habet. Non puto zhayyaivas mutandum esse. Lobeckius enim in Pathol. proleg. p. 37. complura verba in aivo et άo desinentia ex eadem radice orta affert. Potuit igitur κλαγγαίνειν dici ut κλαγγάζειν.

mvp-comment-94-1 οὔποτ᾽: οὔπω τ' Rob.

mvp-comment-95-1 τί δρᾷς;: ti dous; Rob. Ceteri, ut videtur, omnes ví dous; Non recte hic diceretur quid agis? sed dicendum erat ecquid agis? i. e. agedum. Itaque scribendum τὶ δρᾷς;

mvp-comment-96-1 ἀγνοήσῃς ... μαλθαχθεῖσ᾽: ἀγνοήσεις Par. Deinde μαλαχθεὶς Ven. Farn. μαλαχθεῖσ᾽ Rob.

mvp-comment-97-1 ὀνείδεσιν: ἐνείδεσιν Ven. Flor. Farn. Rob. ονείδεσσιν M. G. Ald. ὀνείδεσι Turn.

mvp-comment-98-1 γίγνεται: γίγνεται Porsonus. Libri γίνεται.

mvp-comment-99-1 σὺ δ᾽ αἱματηρὸν πνεῦμ᾽ ἐπουρίσασα τῷδ', ἕπου, μάραινε δευτέροις διώγμασιν, ἀτμῷ κατισχναίνουσα, νηδύος πυρί.: Libri οὐδ᾽ αἱματηρὸν πνεῦμ᾽ ἐπουρίσασα τῷ, ἀτμῷ κατισχναίνουσα νηδύος πυρί, ὅπου, μάραινε δευτέροις διώγμασιν, nisi quod Turn. ἐπουρήσασα dedit, ut in lemmate scholiorum Robortelli . scriptum est, versu autem altero G. Ven. Flor. Farn. Par. Ald. κατισχαίμουσα habent, de qua verbi forma dictum est ad Prom, v. 271. In primo versu Stanleii sive potius Pearsoni emendationem, σὺ δ' pro οὐδ᾽, merito recepit Porsonus. Cetera neque ego olim expedivi, neque expediverunt alii. To enim de Oreste intellectum, sic in fine versus, praesertim sequente alio dativo, ἀτμῷ, prorsus putidum est. Nec Wakefieldii ἐπουρίσασα τῳ, de Oreste dictum, hic aptum est. Scripsi, mutato versuum ordine, σὺ δ᾽ αἱματηρὸν πνεῦμ᾽ ἐπουρίσασα τῷδ᾽ ἕπου, μάραινε δευτέροις διώγμασιν, ἀτμῷ κατισχναίνουσα, νηδύος πυρί. Tod' abiecta in fine versus vocali, quum post nov incisio sit, non magis offendere debet quam quod in Suppl. v. 739. scripsi, praegressa ibi incisione, φιλεῖ δ' ὠδῖνα τίκτειν νὺξ κυβερνήτῃ σοφῷ, ubi videnda sunt quae adnotavi. Haec locuta umbra Clytaemnestrae descendit per ἀναπίεσμα.

mvp-comment-100-1 ἔγειρ᾽: χορὸς ἐρινύων (ἐριννύων Ald.) M. Ald. χορὸς ἐριννύων, ἐξ ὧν μία G. χορὸς εὐμενίδων Flor. χο. Ven. Rob. Turn. Quae inde ab hoc versu usque ad v. 177. sequuntur, inter quindecim Furias ita distribui, ut distribuenda esse indicavi in Opusc. VI. 2. p. 37. seqq.

mvp-comment-101-1 κἀπολακτίσασ᾽: κἀπολακτίσας G. Ald.

mvp-comment-102-1 ἰδώμεθ᾽: ιδώμεθ' Turn. εἰδώμεθ' M.G. Par. Ven. Flor. Farn. Ald. Rob.

mvp-comment-103-1 πόπαξ: πόπαξ Ald. Rob. Τurn. πύπαξ M. G. Farn. πυπάς Ven. Flor.

mvp-comment-104-1 δυςαχές: δυςαχές Μ. Rob. In G. ambiguum est utrum hoc an δυσαχθὲς scriptum sit. δυσαχθὲς Ven. Flor. Ald. Turn.

Commentary on the Eumenides (OCR draft) (Brief English notes on Aeschylus' Eumenides by F. A. Paley, 1885.) focus

mvp-comment-41-1 The Med. has ὅρα δὲ and σέθεν. But the verb is in the plural throughout this speech, and the sense is much simpler, See this wound over my heart, from whose hand it proceeded. The Schol. here observes, It is a tragic device to make the ghost of Clytemnestra retain the wound where she was stabbed.

mvp-comment-42-1 εὕδουσα γάρ] 'See it, I say, even in your sleep; for the mind in sleep can see brightly with its eyes; it is in the day that it is the lot of man not to have the power of foresight. This is one of the Pythagorean theories about dreams, to which the poet often alludes. Compare Xen. Cyr. VIII. 7, 21

ἡ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ψυχὴ τότε δήπου (sc. ἐν ὕπνῳ) θειοτάτη φαίνεται, καὶ τότε τι τῶν μελλόντων προορᾷ
. We have 'the mind's eye,' φρένα ὠμματωμένην, Cho. 839 . For βροτῶν, which may well refer to a general proposition as the lot of mankind, the Schol. seems to have read φρενῶν.

mvp-comment-43-1 ἐλείξατε] You licked up, or, lapped. They are described as hounds with lolling tongues, who had been propitiated by wineless libations at the family altar at the solemn hour of midnight. -ἀοίνους, see inf. 975. Oed. Col. 100, 481 .

mvp-comment-44-1 κούφως] See Pers. 101 , Ag. 350, 1347 . He has escaped, she says, like a nimble stag from the very middle of the stake-net, thereby mocking you sorely. Schol.

χλευάσας, ἐγγελάσας.
Pollux, 11. 52 , gives ἰλλώπτειν and κατιλλώπτειν as comic words. The words ἴλλειν and ἰλλὸς expressed rolling or leering with the eyes, as ἰλλὸς γεγένημαι προσδοκῶν, Αr. Thesm. 846 . -τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς. This is used ambiguously, since the speaker is a ψυχὴ or spirit; but the phrase commonly means a struggle or contest for life. – φρονήσατε, ‘ be conscious, viz. of your duties and your mission. This imperative occurs Soph. Ant. 49
οἴμοι, φρόνησον, ὦ κασιγνήτη.

mvp-comment-45-1 ὄναρ] See v. 126. I address you as a vision addresses one in a dream, i. e. not appealing to your bodily senses, but to your spiritual intelligence quickened by sleep. Lit. for it is in your slumber that I call upon you now, the waking-scene being yet to follow. And it seems that the ghost applied some vigorous measures to the snoring and insensible company.

mvp-comment-46-1 μύζοιτ᾽ ἄν] See 94 and 180. The moaning noise, or a sound representing uneasy dreamers, is here indicated by the stage-notes ( παρεπιγραφαί), μυγμός, ὠγμός, &c. In the next verse ἐμοὶ is Hermann's correction for ἐμοῖς. The sense is, There are gods (who protect their friends, Apollo and Pallas), but none who aid me, and therefore the murderer has escaped. Thus Ζεὺς ἀφίκτωρ is the patron of Suppliants in Suppl. 1 .

mvp-comment-47-1 Ας φεύζειν is to cry φεῦ, so ὤζειν is to cry Oh! Ar. Vesp. 1526

ὅπως ἰδόντες ἄνω σκέλος ὤζωσιν οἱ θεαταί.
Aeschylus used τέκνοις ἐπώζειν, to wail over her children, in the Niobe, which Hesychius misinterprets of a hen sitting on her eggs. See inf. 337.

mvp-comment-48-1 τεύχειν κακά ( Cho. 717 ), to go on doing harm, virtually means to make matters worse, since now the culprit can exult in his escape.

mvp-comment-49-1 δρακαίνης] The fell she-dragon is the leader of the chorus, who has been addressed in the two preceding couplets. -κηραίνειν, referred by Curtius, Gr. Et. 147 , to a root κειρ, is perhaps different from κηραίνειν ‘to have at heart,' to care for. See Suppl. 976 . Trach. 29

κείνου προκηραίνουσα.
Schol.
παρείλοντο.
 Hesych.
ἐξεκήρανεν· ἐξέφθειρεν.

mvp-comment-50-1 φράζου] Mark him! They are dreaming, says the Schol., that they are pursuing Orestes. Accordingly Clytemnestra says, It is in a dream (only) that you are chasing the beast, and making these uneasy sounds, as a dog barks when not even asleep he gives up his fondness for the toil. This characteristic of the dog is described by Lucretius, Iv. 992-6 .

mvp-comment-51-1 ἀντίκεντρα] See v. 38, 444. When reproaches are just, they act as goads to the wise and discreet. This is alluded to inf. 150.

mvp-comment-52-1 σὺ δέ] This seems addressed to another of the three leading Furies, who are all mentioned in v. 135, do you wake her, even as I wake you. ibid. ἐπουρίζειν is properly to direct a favouring gale upon a ship. Schol.

ἐφορμήσασα ιήσασα τῷ ᾿Ορέστῃ.
(He (He took the demonstrative τῷ for the article, with the name understood; but cf. 2 and 7, and inf. 166.)

mvp-comment-53-1 κατισχναίνουσα] Schol.

ἐκλεπτύνουσα.
So Prom. 388
καὶ μὴ σφυδῶντα θυμὸν ἰσχναίνῃ βίᾳ,
 a medical term. Cf. 257. –ἀτμῷ, Αg. 1282 , ‘hot breath.' Gl. Med. πυρετῷ ἀναλίσκουσα, ὡς δοκεῖν ἀτμοὺς ἀνιέναι ἀπὸ γαστρὸς αὐτοῦ. But the breath meant must be that of the pursuers, who scorch and wither their victim as a hot wind blights tender leaves.

mvp-comment-54-1 ἰδώμεθα] The plural follows a participle in the singular, as in Herc. F. 858

ἡλίῳ μαρτυρόμεσθα δρῶσ᾽ ἃ δρᾶν οὐ βούλομαι.
-ματᾷ, Schol.
μάταιον γίγνεται.
 See Prom. 57 . Theb. 37 .

mvp-comment-55-1 πόπαξ] Our word pish! an exclamation of peevishness and dissatisfaction, as ποποῖ is pooh-pooh, Cho. 397 , Αg. 1043 . ὀτοτοῖ οι τοτοῖ ( Pers. 562 ) is tut-tut. But ὦ πόποι (so accented) means ໖ θεοὶ, Pers. 727 , Hesych.

ὦ δαίμονες.
The sentences following appear to be spoken by different choreutae in succession. So the Schol. seems to say, one wakes first, so that the chorus do not speak all at once. He adds, ἕκαστον κατ᾿ ἰδίαν προσενεκτέον, ‘each speech is to come on separately.'

Selected scholia accompanying Blass's Eumenides (OCR draft) (The mixed Greek, Latin, and German scholia register printed with Friedrich Blass's 1907 edition, aligned to O. L. Smith's later recensional editions.) focus

mvp-comment-49-1 ἐν

mvp-comment-51-1 ἡ τῆς φρενὸς μοῖρα οὐ προορᾶι ἐν ἡμέρᾶι.

mvp-comment-52-1 οἶνος γὰρ οὐ σπένδεται Ἐρινύσιν.

mvp-comment-53-1 ἔθυον ἐν ἡι οὐδεὶς τῶν θεῶν ἐκοινώνει τῆς θυσίας ὑμῖν. ἐν γὰρ τῶι μεσονυκτίωι μόναις Ἐρινύσιν ἀπάρχονται. ὅτι (auf ein χ) ταύταις μόναις ἐν νυκτὶ θύουσιν.

mvp-comment-54-1 διὰ τὸ πεφευγέναι ἐκ τοῦ νεώ.

mvp-comment-55-1 χλευάσας, ἐγγελάσας (auch f). διὰ δὲ τούτων ἐρεθίζει αὐτάς.

mvp-comment-56-1 παρεπιγραφή. τοῦτο δὲ ἐστιν ὁ φησιν ὁ ποιητής (ΙΙ. Δ 20) „αἱ δ᾽ ἐπέμυξαν“. τὸ δὲ (εὐθὺς) ἐγείρεσθαι (ἐγ. (ἀθρόως) Weckl. nach Schol. 140) τὰς παρειμένας ὕπνωι οὐ πιθανόν· κατὰ βραχὺ οὖν ἐκ προσβάσεως τὴν ἔγερσιν ποιήσονται.

mvp-comment-57-1 ὡς παρὰ) τὸ αἳ αἳ αἰάζειν, οὕτω παρὰ) τὸ ὦ ὦ ὤιζειν.

mvp-comment-58-1 τί οὖν μέλλεις τὸ σὸν ἔργον ἀνύειν

mvp-comment-59-1 συνωμοσίαν ποιήσαντες κατεκοίμισαν ὑμᾶς.

mvp-comment-60-1 παρείλοντο.

mvp-comment-61-1 ὀνειροπολοῦσαι διώκειν Ὀρέστην τοῦτό φασιν (φησιν) Μ).

mvp-comment-62-1 ἴσα μαστίγων.

mvp-comment-63-1 ἐφορμήσασα τῶι Ὀρέστηι. οἰκεῖον τῶι πνεῦμα τὸ ἐπουρίσασα.

mvp-comment-64-1 ἐκλεπτύνουσα. πυρετῶι αὐτὸν ἀναλίσκουσα, ὡς δοκεῖν ἀτμοὺς ἀνιέναι ἀπὸ τῆς γαστρὸς αὐτοῦ.

mvp-comment-65-1 ἀναστήσει (vgl. Schol. 117); ἀνίστησιν Kchh.) αὐτὰς οὐκ ἀθρόως, μιμούμενος ἐμφατικῶς τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐγείρεταί τις πρώτη, ὥστε μὴ ἀθρόως τὸν χορὸν φθέγξασθαι.

mvp-comment-66-1 μάταιον γίνεται.

mvp-comment-67-1 λείπει δεινά (δεινά auch f).

mvp-comment-69-1 κομματικῶς καστον κατ᾿ ἰδίαν προενεκτέον. αἱ γὰρ φοροι τοῖς πάθεσιν.

mvp-comment-70-1 ἀφόρητον κακὸν ἐπάθομεν. λέμησας.

Wecklein’s commentary on Eumenides (1888; German; OCR draft) (Explanatory commentary, pp. 251–322; HW42J8 and HXJHA8 OCR collated, with missing comparison pages 294–295 explicitly marked. Unresolved OCR and provisional reference mappings are explicitly marked.) focus

mvp-comment-1-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 251

mvp-comment-1-2 Prolog, wenn man das Erwachen der Erinyen 140-178 als Parodos und das zweite Erscheinen derselben 244-275 als Epiparodos gelten läfst. Andernfalls müfste man den Prolog bis zum eigentlichen Auftreten des Chors als der wirklichen Parodos, also 1-243 rechnen. Die Pythia, welche als Greisin (38) sich auf einen Stab stützt, kommt (durch eine Seitenthüre der Hinterwand) aus einem Nebenraume des Tempels zum Haupteingange desselben und verrichtet vor dem Eintritt ein Gebet (30 f.). Sie hat die χρηστηρία ἐσθής wie Kasandra in Agamemnon (zu Ag. 774 ). Gut bemerkt der Schol. :

φαίνεται ἐπὶ σκηνῆς τὸ μαντεῖον· η δὲ προφῆτις πρόεισιν ἐπικλήσεις, ὡς ἔθος, τῶν θεῶν ποιησομένη, ἀπροόπτως τε ἰδοῦσα τὰς Ἐρινύας κύκλῳ τοῦ Ὀρέστου καθευδούσας πάντα μηνύει τοῖς θεαταῖς, οὐχ ὡς διηγουμένη τὰ ὑπὸ τὴν σκηνήν, τοῦτο γὰρ νεωτερικὸν Εὐριπίδειον, ὑπὸ δὲ τῆς ἐκπλήξεως τὰ θορυβήσαντα αὐτὴν καταμηνύουσα φιλοτέχνως
(d. h. die Exposition ist nicht unvermittelt wie bei Euripides, sondern wohl motiviert). τὰ δὲ πρῶτα εὐχαὶ καὶ ἐπικλήσεις θεῶν, ἵνα ἀπὸ τῶν εὐφημοτέρων ἄρξηται ἡ προφῆτις (in der That breitet das Gebet der Priesterin über den Anfang eine weihevolle Stimmung aus). οἰκονομικῶς δὲ οὐκ ἐν ἀρχῇ διώκεται Ὀρέστης, ἀλλὰ τοῦτο ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ δράματος κατατάττει, ταμιευόμενος τὰ ἀκμαιότατα ἐν μέσῳ.

mvp-comment-59-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 260

mvp-comment-59-2 ὅρα zur Chorführerin wie 131, 183. — τραγικώτερον τὸ εἴδωλον Κλυταιμήστρας σώζει τὴν σφαγήν Schol. - καρδίᾳ, mit dem Inneren.

mvp-comment-59-3 1

mvp-comment-60-1 2

mvp-comment-60-2 Wecklein 1888, p. 260

mvp-comment-60-3 Schol. ἐν τῷ καθεύδειν ὁ νοῦς ἀκριβέστερον ὁρᾷ μὴ παραπλανώμενος τῇ θέα. Schlafenden Augen wird der Geist erhellt, während am Tage die Natur des Geistes nicht weitblickend ist. Vgl. Pind. frg. 108 Bgk. εὕδει δὲ πρασσόντων μελέων· ἀτὰρ εὐδόντεσσιν ἐν πολλοῖς ὀνείροις δείκνυσι τερπνῶν ἐφέρποισαν χαλεπῶν τε κρίσιν, Xenoph. Kyr. VIII 7, 21 ἐγγύτερον μὲν τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων θανάτῳ οὐδέν ἐστιν ὕπνου· ἡ δὲ ἀνθρώπου ψυχὴ τότε δήπου θειοτάτη καταφαίνεται καὶ τότε τι τῶν μελλόντων προορᾷ, Platon περὶ πολιτ. ΙΧ 1, Aelian. ποικ. ἱστ. ΙΙΙ 11 οἱ Περιπατητικοί φασι μεθ᾿ ἡμέραν θητεύουσαν τὴν ψυχὴν τῷ σώματι περιπλέκεσθαι καὶ μὴ δύνασθαι καθαρῶς τὴν ἀλήθειαν θεωρεῖν, νύκτωρ δὲ διαλυθεῖσαν τῆς περὶ τοῦτο λειτουργίας καὶ σφαιρωθεῖσαν ἐν τῷ περὶ τὸν θώρακα τόπῳ μαντικωτέραν γίνεσθαι, ἐξ ὧν τὰ ἐνύπνια. Cic. d. divin. I 30 cum ergo est somno sevocatus animus a societate et a contagione corporis, tum meminit praeteritorum, praesentia cernit, futura providet; iacet enim corpus dormientis ut mortui, viget autem et vivit animus.

mvp-comment-61-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 260

mvp-comment-61-2 ἐλείξατε, wie durstige Hunde (vgl. zu Ag. 1104 ). Klytämestra hat den Erinyen Opfer gebracht nach der Ermordung des Agamemnon, um deren Groll abzuwenden.

mvp-comment-62-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-62-2 ἀοίνους: οἶνος γὰρ οὐ σπέν δεται Ερινύσιν Schol. Vgl. Soph. Oed. K. 100 ἀοίνοις. Die Spenden, welche den Erinyen ausgegossen werden ( νηφάλιαι σπονδαὶ Schol. zu Soph. a. O.) bestehen aus reinem Quellwasser oder aus Wasser und Honig, vgl. ebd. 469, 481.

mvp-comment-63-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-63-2 νυκτίσεμνα δείπνα sollte noch wie χοὰς ἀοίνους als Apposition zu πολλά stehen, wird aber von einem νυκτίeigenen Verbum regiert. σεμνα dicuntur sacrificia, quae eo ipso, quod nocte fiunt, augustiora sunt et sacrum quasi horrorem incutiunt (Schütz). Vgl. Einl. S. 12.

mvp-comment-64-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-64-2 ὥραν .. θεῶν: zu einer Zeit, welche ihr mit keiner Gottheit teilt (in der „Geisterstunde"); ἐν γὰρ τῷ μεσονυκτίῳ μόναις Ερινύσιν ἀπάρχονται Schol. Der Akk. wie Eur. Bakch. 723

αἳ δὲ τὴν τεταγ μένην ὥραν ἐκίνουν θύρσον ἐς βακχεύματα
. Vgl. zu Cho. 812 .

mvp-comment-65-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-65-2 λὰξ πατούμενα wie Cho. 640 .

mvp-comment-66-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-66-2 ἐγκατιλλώψας: ἐγγελάσας. Διὰ δὲ τούτων ερεθίζει αὐτάς Schol.

mvp-comment-67-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-67-2 ὡς kausal. περὶ ψυχῆς wie Hom. ι 423 πάντας τε δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον ὥς τε περὶ ψυ χῆς, Hel. 946 τοὺς δὲ Μενέλεω ποθῶ λόγους ἀκοῦσαι τίνας ἐρεῖ ψυχῆς πέρι, und in Redensarten wie μάχεσθαι, θέειν, τρέχειν περὶ ψυχῆς, ὁ περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγών ( Soph. El. 1492 ), doch hier mehr in übertragenem Sinne ,,es ist mir blutiger Ernst um die Sache". φρονήσατε, bringt es euch zum Bewurstsein.

mvp-comment-68-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-68-2 ὄναρ, im Traume euch erscheinend. Der Dichter giebt damit den Zuschauern die richtige Auffassung des Folgenden an die Hand. Vgl. 131.

mvp-comment-69-1 3

mvp-comment-69-2 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-69-3 Die παρεπιγραφαί geben den äufseren Vorgang an; sie kommen öfter in Handschriften des Aristophanes, bei Tragikern nur hier vor, wie auch die Art der äufseren Handlung vereinzelt steht.

mvp-comment-70-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-70-2 μύζοιτε: zu Ag. 1058 .

mvp-comment-71-1 4

mvp-comment-71-2 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-71-3 Er hat eben Freunde, die anderer Art sind als die meinigen.

mvp-comment-72-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 261

mvp-comment-72-2 πάθος, was euch und mir widerfahren ist, dafs Orestes die Flucht ergriffen hat.

mvp-comment-73-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-73-2 πέπρακται, ist dein Werk, vgl. Eur. Med. 1064

πάντως πέπρακται ταῦτα κοὐκ ἐκφεύξεται
und dazu Schol. :
ἀντὶ τοῦ κέκριται, εἴμαρται, πέπρωται
. Bentley will hier πέπρωται schreiben nach Prom. 535
τί γὰρ πέπρωται Ζηνὶ πλὴν ἀεὶ κρατεῖν
. Vgl. 71 κακῶν δ᾽ ἕκατι κἀγένοντο.

mvp-comment-74-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-74-2 συνωμόται: Ag. 655 .

mvp-comment-75-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-75-2 ἐξεκήραναν, Schol. παρεί λοντο. Hesych. ἐξεκήρανεν· ἐξέ φθειρε.

mvp-comment-76-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-76-2 λαβὲ (wie man dem Hunde zuruft fals") φράζου (,,hab acht") spricht die Chorführerin im Traume.

mvp-comment-77-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-77-2 κύων, ein Jagdhund. Vgl. Aristot. Tiergesch. IV 10 ἐνυπνιάζειν φαίνονται οὐ μόνον ἄνθρωποι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἵπποι καὶ κύνες καὶ βόες, Lucret. IV 988 venantumque canes in molli saepe quiete iactant crura tamen subito vocesque repente mittunt et crebro reducunt naribus auras, ut vestigia si teneant inventa ferarum etc.

mvp-comment-78-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-78-2 πῆμα, das Unglück, dafs Orestes entronnen ist.

mvp-comment-79-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-79-2 Meine gerechten Vorwürfe mögen dein Inneres empfindlich berühren. Hom. Ε 493 δάκε δὲ φρένας Ἕκτορι μύθος.

mvp-comment-80-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-80-2 ἀντίκεντρα wie 469. Weiter ausgeführt wird der Vergleich 156 f.

mvp-comment-81-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-81-2 σοῦ: ἴθι, τρέχε, ὅρμα Hesych. — Schol. :

ἐπουρίσασα τῷ ἐφορμήσασα τῷ Ὀρέστη
Über das demonstrative to Krüger II § 50, 1, 4 .

mvp-comment-82-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-82-2 ἀτμῷ, νηδύος πυρί, dem Atem, der wie Feuer aus deinem Leibe kommt.

mvp-comment-83-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-83-2 δευτέροις διώγμασιν: das erste Mal verfolgten sie ihn von Argos nach Delphi. Der Schatten der Klyt. verschwindet wieder in die Tiefe durch das ἀναπίεσμα).

mvp-comment-84-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 262

mvp-comment-84-2 Parodos (vgl. zu 1). Die Chorführerin erwacht und weckt die nächste Erinye, welche wieder eine andere anstöfst u. s. f. Dann stellen sie sich zu Halbchören zusammen.

mvp-comment-85-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 263

mvp-comment-85-2 ἀπολακτίσασα ἰδώμεθα dem σχῆμα καθ᾿ ὅλον καὶ μέρος entsprechend. Vgl. Aristoph. Vö. 203

ἀνεγείρας τὴν ἐμὴν ἀηδόνα καλοῦμεν αὐτούς
. Krüger I § 56, 9, 1 . τοῦδε φροιμίου, „ob etwas von dem folgenden ( τοῦδε wie ὕμνον τόνδε δέσμιον 306) Vorspiel wirkungslos ist" ( ματᾷ, Schol. μάταιον γίνεται). Der folgende Gesang soll als προοίμιον nur einstweilen eine Ahnung geben, was sie in ihrer Wut leisten können.

mvp-comment-85-3 5

mvp-comment-86-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 263

mvp-comment-86-2 In den zwei ersten Strophenpaaren wechseln, wie sich aus dem Text ergiebt, die Halbchöre (A, B). Im dritten Strophenpaare treten sie zum Gesamtchore zusammen. - In der Aufregung unterbrechen sich im Anfang die Halbehöre: A. ἐπάθομεν, φίλαι, ἐπάθομεν πάθος . . θήρ. B. ἦ πολλὰ δὴ παθοῦσα καὶ μάτην ἐγώ, ὕπνῳ κρατηθεῖσ᾽ ἄγραν ὤλεσα u. s. w.

mvp-comment-87-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 263

mvp-comment-87-2 δυσαχές (schwer zu beklagen) nur hier.

Commentary (Arthur Sidgwick, 1887) (OCR draft) (Arthur Sidgwick's commentary on the Eumenides, aligned to the canonical Greek text.) focus

mvp-sidgwick-61-1-1 This sentence is written with an effective vehemence which is very dramatic: the broken and rough grammar being exactly imitative of strongly excited speech.

mvp-sidgwick-61-2-1 The drift is: 'I, thus dishonoured by you [the negligent Furies], among the dead below am constantly reproached for my deeds-wandering in disgrace and blamed by all-but for my sufferings no god takes heed.'

mvp-sidgwick-61-3-1 Thus the antithesis to ὧν μὲν ἔκτανον is really παθοῦσα δ᾽ (100) and αἰσχρῶς δ᾽ ἀλῶμαι answers οὐκ ἐκλείπεται. Note the double break of construction: (1) the intrusion of οὐκ ἐκλείπεται with a new subject between ἐγώ and ἀλῶμαι : (2) the entire anacoluthon παθοῦσα δ᾽ without verb followed by οὐδεὶς μηνίεται. For the latter compare Ag. 1008

ὅκνος βαλὼν ... οὐκ ἔδυ δόμος,
Cho. 521
πάντα ἐκχέας . . . μάτην ὁ μόχθος,
 and Eur. Cycl. 331 , Hipp. 24 , Iph. Taur. 947 , etc. See 478.

πρός , common poetic use for ὑπό of agent: Cho. 133, 346 , etc. So ἐκ, παρά, and ἀπό are poetically used. So below l. 102

.

mvp-sidgwick-63-1-1 The MSS. read ὅρα δὲ πληγὰς τάσδε καρδίᾳ σέθεν, ‘behold these wounds with thy heart, the use of καρδίᾳ being at first sight supported by what follows for the mind sees in sleep.' But Aeschylus always uses καρδία (as we do heart) of emotion not of intelligence : grief, anxiety, care, fear, wrath, courage, favour, desire-never of perception. So I take Canter's καρδίας ὅθεν adopted by Dind. Pal. Herm. Paley is further no doubt right in reading ὁρᾶτε: the plural is wanted: the asyndeton improves the sense, being more passionate: and the singular clearly arose from σέθεν.

mvp-sidgwick-63-2-1 Behold these wounds in my heart, from whence they came; a fierce reminder of their duty to hunt Orestes, and a far finer sense than the MSS. reading.

ὄμμασιν λαμπρύνεται , stately Aeschylean for is clearsighted.

μοῖρ᾽ ἀπρόσκοπος βροτῶν , 'tis the lot of mortals to be blind. Others take it the lot of men cannot be foretold: but the sense of the other is better, the antithesis is more pointed, ( seeing in sleep, blind in the day,) and ἀπρόσκοπος is more naturally active. [The Schol. says ἡ τῆς φρενὸς μοῖρα, whence H. and others read φρενῶν for βροτῶν : but the Schol. is only (rather stupidly) explaining μοῖρα in connection with the φρήν of the last line: it proves nothing about the reading: φρήν and φρενῶν would be very flat repetition.]

mvp-sidgwick-66-1-1 Wineless libations, sober cheer: poetic amplification. The Ερινύες had no wine in their offerings:

νήφων ἀοίνοις
Ο. C. 100 ,
μηδὲ προσφέρειν μέθυ
ib. 481 . So again l. 860
ἀοίνοις θυμώμασι.

ὥραν , the acc. is best explained as a kind of loose apposition to νυκτίσεμνα δείπνα: the apposition really being to the part of the expression which contains the notion of night. The Erinyes alone had midnight sacrifices.

καὶ ταῦτα , usually with participle: here loosely but naturally with principal verb. The fact is, the ὤρουσεν is grammatically needless ('he is gone like a fawn, and that too from the very midst of the snare'), but is redundantly added, picking up and further emphasizing οἴχεται.

ἐγκατιλλώψας , a strange word, which occurs again Aesch. Sisyph. (Frag. 211) meaning mock. We find also κατιλλώπτω, ἐνιλλώπτω: the derivation seems to be ἴλλω, twist, ὀπ-, face:' hence to leer, to sneer, and so to scoff.

τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψυχῆς , for dear life; a proverbial expression as in English (rather strange in the mouth of a ghost), meaning that the issue is of the last importance to her.

ὄναρ , might be nom., I, a dream, like Ag. 82 ὄναρ ἡμερόφαντον ἀλαίνει (so Schütz, Wakef. H. Pal.). But it is rather more naturally taken acc. in a dream, as l. 131

. II [The Furies begin to groan and mutter and move uneasily in their sleep.]

mvp-sidgwick-72-1-1 The MSS. read φίλοις γάρ εἰσιν οὐκ ἐμοῖς προσίκτορες, which makes no sense, since it could only be translated for there are protectors for friends who are not mine, an obscure and impossible expression for my enemies have gods to help them. Herm.'s correction οὐκ ἐμοί is neat and simple: my friends have helpers: I have none: and P. D. adopt it.

mvp-sidgwick-72-2-1 But it is not really satisfactory : φίλοις without article or possessive is very harsh, and even the use of the word at all is unnatural (not at all like line 108): and προσίκτωρ, though supported by

Ζεὺς ἀφίκτωρ
(Supp. 1 ), is suspicious.

mvp-sidgwick-72-3-1 I prefer on the whole Weil's φίλοι γάρ εἰσιν, οὐκ ἐμοῖς προσεικότες for he has friends, not like to mine, an effective taunt simply expressed.

mvp-sidgwick-73-1-1 Notice the ironic elaborate plainness of this line, as of an angry person who cannot make herself understood.

mvp-sidgwick-74-1-1 If we keep the MSS. πέπρακται, we can only construe (with Paley) this line What hast thou accomplished save to work me harm? i. e. 'you are appointed to avenge me, and by negligence you have only done harm, in letting Orestes escape.'

mvp-sidgwick-74-2-1 The Schol. however paraphrases τί μέλλεις τὸ σὸν ἔργον ἀνύειν ( why delay to do your duty?), clearly understanding the text what business is yours save to do harm (to Orestes)? Herm. followed by Weil tries to get this sense out of πέπρακται, quid tibi agitur: but the tense makes it impossible. If we accept the meaning of the Schol. we must read with Bentley [Stanl. Butl. Hart.] πέπρωται or with Wakef. τέτακται. I have taken πέπρωται. The scornful summons What is your business but mischief?' is more characteristic of Klytaimnestra and more effective than a complaint.

κύριοι ξυνωμόται , fit conspirators: a bold and characteristic image. κύριος means rightful: sleep and weariness naturally act together. For the figure cp. Ag. 650

ξυνώμοσαν γάρ, ὄντες ἔχθιστοι τὸ πρὶν Πῦρ καὶ θάλασσα.

mvp-sidgwick-76-1-1 [Mutterings redoubled and louder] Seize him, seize him ... give heed! The muttering and restless movements and slow awakening with fierce cries are finely dramatic: Aeschylus is unmatched in producing these effects of suspense and terror. Müller ingeniously suggests that it should be read φράζου, followed by λαβέ seven times repeated, as φράζου, mark him, more naturally comes first: the iambic metrical system is preserved: and the leader would then say φράζου, and each of the seven pairs λαβέ. We have however (see p. 23) preferred the view that the chorus was 12, not 15.]

mvp-sidgwick-77-1-1 The dreams of animals are noticed by Theocr. (21.44), Lucret. (4. 989), and Aristotle (Hist. An. 4. 10).

μηδ᾽ ἀγνοήσῃς πῆμα , forget not my wrong.

ἀντίκεντρα , like spurs; see l. 38

.

τῷ , on him. Epic use of article as demonstr. frequent in Aeschylus: see ll. 174, 340, 462, 484

.

mvp-sidgwick-80-2-1 Notice the powerful and imaginative phrasing, waft a bloody breath, shrivel with vapour, wither with pursuit. [The ghost of Klytaimnestra disappears below ; the Chorus gradually awake, the leader rousing the others.]

mvp-sidgwick-81-1-1 Let us see if this prelude is vain, rather obscure, but φροίμιον τύδε most naturally refers to the song they are going to sing, a song of lament at the escape, and chiding and reproach to Apollo.

ἰδέσθαι , the middle, is an Epic use, common in Tragg. Note the loose but natural grammar κἀπολακτίσασ᾽ (sing.), ἰδώμεθ᾽ (plur.). So exactly Aristoph. Aves 203, ἐμβὰς ἐς τὴν λόχμην καλοῦμεν. ...

mvp-sidgwick-82-1-1 This line is out of agreement; and generally the character of the first stanzas is that the lines are very disjointed: the true explanation being no doubt that the song is alternately taken up by one and another of the Furies, to give the dramatic effect of their excitement and anger. So the Schol. says κομματικῶς ἕκαστον κατ᾿ ἰδίαν προφερετέον· each bit must be delivered separately by a single voice. It is not worth while to attempt (as Herm. does) to distribute the parts exactly, as there is no evidence.

ὁ θήρ , our prey.