1-127.
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1-127: Prologue
(πρόλογος).
1-87.
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1-87: First Scene. Cratos and Bia, dragging the figure representing Prometheus, enter on the left; He- phaestus with smith's tools accompa- nies them.
1.
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1.
χθονὸς
πέδον : poetical periphra- sis for
χθόνα. Cp. Suppl. 260
χώρας
᾿Απίας
πέδον, 662
πέδον
γᾶς, Pers. 488
γῆς
᾿Αχαιίδος
πέδον. In such expres- sions, the adjective does not agree with the genitive, but with the sub- stantive which makes the periphrasis, because this substantive forms one idea with the genitive. See below, 91, 110, 823; also Sept. 304
ποῖον
δ᾽
ἀμείψεσθε
γαίας
πέδον,
Εum. 292
χώ-
ρας
ἐν
τόποις
Λιβυστικοῖς, 326
ματρῷον
ἅγνισμα
κύριον
φόνου, 718
πρωτοκτό-
νοισι
προστροπαῖς
᾿Ιξίονος. –
μέν : an- swered by
σοὶ
δέ in 3; the first part of the task (bringing Prometheus to the spot) is contrasted with the sec- ond part (nailing him to the rock). "We have done our duty, and here we are
(ἥκομεν), now you must do yours." -
τηλουρόν: this accent is expressly attested by the gramma- rian Arcadius
περὶ
τόνων, p. 73, 6.
τηλουρός is formed from
τηλοῦ as
πο-
νηρός from
πόνος. Others derive the word from
τῆλε and
ὅρος
(οὗρος) boun- dary, so that it means cuius ter- mini procul sunt; or from
τῆλε and
oὗρον space (cp. Curtius Etym.5 p. 346); but these derivations would require the accent
τήλουρος.
2.
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2.
Σκύθην: here used adjectively, as in 417. So Sept. 817
Σκύθῃ
σιδήρῳ, Eur. Rhes. 426
Σκύθης
λέως, Martial iv. 28, 4 Scythas zmaragdos. Cp. also 805; Ag. 109
Ἑλλάδος
ἥβας, Prom. Solut. Frg.
Χ. 9 below
Λίγυν
στρα-
τόν, Frg. 322
Κουρῆτα
λαόν. See also note on 761 below. -
οἶμον : originally road, then strip, tract; cp. Il. xi. 24
τοῦ
δ᾽ (sc.
θώρηκος)
ἤτοι
δέκα
οἶμοι
ἔσαν
μέλανος
κυάνοιο, ten stripes of blue steel. –
ἄβροτον:
ἀπάνθρωπον, Hesych. Hermann, following Buttmann Lexil. I.
p. 136, thinks this use of
ἄβροτος a blunder, due to a misinterpretation of the Homeric
νὺξ
ἀβρότη
(Il. xiv. 78), which was wrongly explained by some of the ancients as the time "when mortals are not abroad,"
καθ'
ἣν
βροτοὶ
οὐ
φοιτῶσιν, whereas it is really an equivalent of
νὺξ
ἄμβροτος (Od. xi. 330),
νὺξ
ἀμβροσίη. But this is not necessary.
As
ἄνανδρος means both unmanly and destitute of men,
ἀπάνθρωπος both inhuman and deserted of mankind, so
ἄβροτος means immortal and void of mortals. - Similar resolu-
tions in the third foot occur eight times in this play. The tribrach in the first foot always consists of a sin- gle word (see on 116); but in the second and fifth, and still more in the third and fourth feet, the first short of the tribrach is usually the final syllable of a word, or a monosyllabic particle closely connected with the preceding word
(τέ 351,
γέ 746,
δέ 993). In the third foot, the caesura thus made is followed, in six of the examples, by a word consisting of three short syllables; in the other two cases a proper name of four syllables follows
(Κιλικίων 351,
Ιόνιος 840). The repetition of the prep- osition gives to
Σκύθην
οἶμον and
ἄβρο-
τον
ἐρημίαν, which otherwise would be close appositives, more the air of two separate statements. See Krüg. I. § 57, 10, 4. - The scholiast remarks on this verse:
τοῦτο
εἰς
τὸ
ἀπαραμύθη-
τον
τοῦ
δεθησομένου·
καὶ
Σοφοκλῆς
τὸ
αὐτὸ
περὶ
Φιλοκτήτου
λέγει. Cp. Intro- duction, p. 25, footnote 2, and verses 20, 270; also Ar. Ach. 704,
ξυμπλα-
κέντα
τῇ
Σκυθῶν
ἐρημίᾳ.
3.
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3.
Ήφαιστε,
σοὶ
δέ: for
σοὶ
δέ,
"Ηφαιστε. The vocative is often placed first in this way, to attract more promptly the attention of the person addressed. Cp. Od. xvi. 130
ἄττα,
σὺ
δ᾽
ἔρχεο
θᾶσσον,
Ιl. i. 282
᾿Ατρείδη,
σὺ
δὲ
παῦε
τεὸν
μένος,
vi. 429
Ἕκτορ,
ἀτὰρ
σύ
μοί
ἐσσι
πατήρ. Frequent in Sophocles: cp. Ai. 1409,
Εl. 150,
Ο.
Τ. 203, 1096, 1503, О. С. 237, 332, 507, 592, Ant. 1087, Phil. 799. Also [Plato] Theages 127 c &
Σώκρατες,
πρὸς
σὲ
δ᾽
ἂν
ἤδη
εἴη
ὁ
μετὰ
τοῦτο
λόγος. --
μέλειν : personal;
ἐπιστολάς is its subject. See Krüg. I. § 47, 11, 5 and II. § 47, 11, 2. –
ἐπιστολάς : =
ἐν-
τολάς, commands. Cp. Suppl. 1012
φυλάξαι
τάσδ'
ἐπιστολὰς
πατρός, Pers. 783
κού
μνημονεύει
τὰς
ἐμὰς
ἐπιστολάς, Frg. 423
ἄκουε
τὰς
ἐμὰς
ἐπιστολάς.
4.
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4.
πατήρ: is said of Zeus not only by the menials, 40 and 53, and by Hermes, 947, 984, but even by He- phaestus, 17.
5.
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5.
λεωργόν :
κακοῦργον,
πανοῦργον,
ἀνδροφόνον, Hesych. Of these, the interpretation
πανούργος agrees ex- actly with the derivation of the word from
λέως, an adverb which the an- cient lexicographers explain by
re-
λέως,
παντελῶς,
ἅπαν. Cp. Archil. Frg. 112 Bergk
λείως
γὰρ
οὐδὲν
ἐφρό-
νεον =
πάντως
γὰρ
οὐδὲν
ἐφρόνεον, and the words
λεώλης,
λεώλεθρος =
πανώλης,
πανώλεθρος. Accordingly
λεωργός sig- nifies one who acts recklessly, in dis- tinction from one whose conduct is regulated by principle. Cp. Archil. Frg. 88
πάτερ
Ζεῦ,
σὸν
μὲν
οὐρανοῦ
κράτος,
σὺ
δ᾽
ἔργ᾽
ἐπ᾿
ἀνθρώπων
ὁρᾷς
λεωργὰ
καὶ
θεμιστά, Xen. Mem. i. 3. 9
αὐτὸν
θερμουργότατον
εἶναι
καὶ
λεωρ-
γότατον. Hesychius gives also the form
λαοργός (with the interpreta- tion
ἀνόσιος·
Σικελοί). The adverb
λέως is related to the intensive prefix
λᾶ-
(λάμαχος,
λακαταπύγων,
λακατάρα-
τος) as
λεώς is to
λαός,
νεώς
τo
ναός.
6.
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6.
ἀδαμαντίνων:
ἀδάμας·
γένος
σιδή-
ρου, Hesych. Cp. 64; also Pind. Pyth.
ⅳν. 125
κρατεροῖς
ἀδάμαντος
δῆσεν
ἅλοις, with iron nails, Pind. Frg. 88
ἐξ
ἀδάμαν-
τος
ἢ
σιδάρου. The meaning diamond is not found before Theophrastus (Pindar, de adamante; Comm. Antiqu. p. 19). –
ἀρρήκτοις
πέδαις : cp. Il. xiii. 36
ἀμφὶ
δὲ
ποσσὶ
πέδας
ἔβαλε
χρυσείας
ἀρρήκτους
ἀλύτους, 19 below
δυσλύ-
τοις
χαλκεύμασι.
πέδαι are fetters,
δεσμά bonds, a more general term. The reverse combination in Eur. Bacch. 447
δεσμὰ
διελύθη
πεδῶν. Cp. Ag. 850
πῆμα
νόσου, Pers. 543
λέκ-
τρων
εὐνάς. - Aeschylus admits an anapaest only in the first foot of the trimeter. The one exception is Sept. 569, where the proper name could hardly have been otherwise brought into the verse. (In 840 below there is no anapaest; see note.) This ana- paest, like the tribrach and dactyl in the same place (see on 2 and 730), is never divided between two words: it generally consists of a trisyllabic word, but sometimes of the beginning of a longer word, as here and 64, 353, 796, 805, 811. There are thirteen such anapaests in the Prometheus.
7.
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7.
τὸ
σὸν
ἄνθος:
τὸν
σὸν
κόσμον, Schol. In Theognis 452, the 'clear lustre' of gold is called its
καθαρὸν
ἄνθος. –
παντέχνου
πυρός : cp. 110, and Xen. Mem. iv. 3. 7
τὸ
δὲ
καὶ
τὸ
πῦρ
πορίσαι
ἡμῖν,
ἐπίκουρον
μὲν
ψύχους,
ἐπίκουρον
δὲ
σκότους,
συνεργὸν
δὲ
πρὸς
πᾶσαν
τέχνην
καὶ
πάντα
ὅσα
ὠφελείας
ἕνεκα
ἄνθρωποι
κατασκευάζονται, Plat. Protag. 321
cὁ
Προμηθεὺς ...
κλέπτει
Ηφαίστου
καὶ
᾿Αθηνᾶς
τὴν
ἔντεχνον
σοφίαν
σὺν
πυρί. -
πυρὸς
σέλας: said by Homer Il. xix. 375. Cp. Hesiod Theog. 566
κλέψας
ἀκαμάτοιο
πυρὸς
τηλέσκοπον
αὐγήν.
9.
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9.
σφέ: =
αὐτόν, as Sept. 615, Soph.
Αί. 51, O. C. 40, Trach. 234, Eur. Ion 54, 71, and often. The tragedians use
σφέ for the accusative singular as well as plural, whereas in Homer it occurs only as plural. Krüg. II. § 51, 1, 14.
10.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-11
10.
ἄν: in final clauses after
ὡς and
ὅπως, very common in Attic; cp. 654, 706, 824. Aristophanes always uses
ὡς
ἄν, and in Attic inscriptions
ὅπως
ἄν is frequent.
11.
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11.
φιλανθρώπου
κτἑ. : that is, "turn his affections away from men to a worthier object."
13.
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13.
ἔχει
τέλος : =
τετέλεσται.
Εp. Soph. O. C. 1780
πάντως
ἔχει
τάδε
κῦρος (=
κεκύρωται). —
οὐδὲν
ἐμποδών : nihil vos detinet.
14.
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14.
συγγενή: the scholiast explains,
τὸν
ἀπὸ
μιᾶς
ὁρμώμενον
τέχνης, that is, "my
fellow-craftsman." Rather we must understand the word of
blood-relationship; cp. 39, 289. He- phaestus is the son of Zeus and Hera (Il. i. 577 ff.), or according to Hesiod Th. 927, the fatherless son of Hera; Prometheus is the son of Themis. Now Themis is the daughter of Ura- nus, and Hera his
grand-daughter.
17.
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17.
εὐωριάζειν:
ὀλιγωρεῖν,
μὴ
ἔχειν
φροντίδα,
παρακούειν, Hesych. One who is confident and unconcerned
(εὔωρος, securus) in
executing_a duty, is apt to take less pains. Cp. our colloquial expression 'take it easy.'
18.
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18.
Θέμιδος : see Introduction, p. 17.
αἰπυμῆτα : contrasted with
ὀρθο-
βούλου.
αἰπυμήτης, of towering thoughts, is one who in his shrewdness and sagacity aspires to too lofty things. Cp.
εὔβουλος
Θέμις, Pind. Isth. vii. 32. - The dactyl substituted for the third iambus of the tragic trimeter is very frequent; whereas in the first foot Aeschylus uses it seldom, and chiefly in proper names (730). In this play the dactyl in the third foot occurs eighteen times: it is always divided in the middle by the caesura, its long first syllable being either the end of a polysyllabic word, or a word of one syllable closely connected with the foregoing
(δέ 1009,
τὶς 1027). Ср. note on 2.
19.
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19.
ἄκοντα
σ'
ἄκων: cp. 671
ἄκου-
σαν
ἄκων, 218
ἑκόνθ᾽
ἑκόντι, Eur. Cycl. 258
ἑκὼν
ἑκοῦσι,
Ηipp. 319
οὐχ
ἑκοῦσαν
οὐχ
ἑκών. The poets are very fond of repetitions like this, in which the same word is twice used, referring to different persons. Further instances are Od. v. 155
παρ᾿
οὐκ
ἐθέλων
ἐθε-
λούσῃ =
οὐκ
ἐθέλων
παρ᾽
ἐθελούσῃ, iii. 272
τὴν
δ᾽
ἐθέλων
ἐθέλουσαν
ἀνήγαγεν,
ν.97
εἰρωτᾷς
μ᾽
ἐλθόντα
θεὰ
θεόν, Aesch. Cho. 89
παρὰ
φίλης
φίλῳ
φέρειν
γυναι-
κὸς
ἀνδρί, and below 29, 192, 276, 762, 921.
20.
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20.
ἀπανθρώπῳ: see note on
ἄβρο-
τον, 2. The idea is further expanded in the next verses. 'Eximia arte cu- mulavit poeta infinitam mali magnitu- dinem' (Hermann). -
πάγῳ: Hesy- chius has the gloss
πάγοι·
αἱ
ἐξοχαὶ
τῶν
πετρῶν
καὶ
τῶν
ὀρῶν. Cp. Od.
ν. 411
ἔκτοσθεν
μὲν
γὰρ
πάγοι
ὀξέες.
21.
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21.
του: the pronoun
τὶς, like the prepositions, is often, in poetical dic- tion, placed in
the second member of a disjunctive sentence, when it really belongs to both members. Cp. 156; Soph. Ant. 257
οὔτε
θηρὸς
οὔτε
του
κυνῶν, Eur. Hec. 370
οὔτ᾽
ἐλπίδος
γὰρ
οὔτε
του
δόξης, Soph. Trach. 3
οὔτ᾽
εἰ
χρηστὸς
οὔτ᾽
εἴ
τῳ
κακός, 1254
σπαραγ-
μὸν
ἤ
τιν᾿
οἶστρον,
Ο.
Τ. 816
ῷ
μὴ
ξένων
ἔξεστι
μηδ᾽
ἀστῶν
τινα
δόμοις
δέχεσθαι, Od. iv. 87
οὔτε
ἄναξ
ἐπιδευὴς
οὔτε
τι
ποιμήν, Solon Frg. 4, 12
οὔθ'
ἱερῶν
κτεά-
νων
οὔτε
τι
δημοσίων
φειδόμενοι. See on 458.
22.
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22.
ὄψει: belongs by zeugma to
φωνήν as well as
μορφήν : neither a voice (shalt thou hear) nor yet a form shalt thou see. Cp. Suppl. 1006
πρὸς
ταῦτα
μὴ
πάθωμεν
ὧν
πολὺς
πόνος,
πολὺς
δὲ
πόντος
εἵνεκ᾽
ἠρόθη
δορί. ‘Frequentis- sime hoc fit ubi grammatici
αἴσθησιν
ἀντὶ
αἰσθήσεωs poni aiunt, quibus in locis cum nomine notio verbi congen- eris tacite comprehenditur' (Lobeck). ·
σταθευτός :
φλογιζόμενος·
σταθεύειν
γὰρ
τὸ
κατ᾿
ὀλίγον
ὀπτᾶν
φασὶν
᾿Αττι-
κοί, Schol.
σταθευτός·
πεφλογισμένος
ἠρέμα, Hesych. That is, scorched. From
στατός and
εὕω. - After 15
(δυ-
σχειμέρῳ) we should expect rather the baleful effects of cold to be men- tioned. But a Greek's imagination would be more vividly affected by a description of the sun's scorching heat; the allusion to cold follows later (25). -
φοίβῃ: cp.
φοῖβον
ὕδωρ Hesiod Frg. 78.
φοῖβον
δὲ
δήπου
τὸ
καθαρὸν
καὶ
ἁγνὸν
οἱ
παλαιοὶ
πᾶν
ὠνόμα- Cov Plut. Mor. 493 c. - Notice the alliteration
φοίβῃ
φλογί, and cp. Sept. 661
φλύοντα
σὺν
φοίτῳ
φρενῶν,
Αg. 492
φῶς
ἐφήλωσεν
φρένας. – This passage seems to be parodied in a fragment preserved in Eustath. Comm. Od. p. 1484, 27,
χρόαν
δὲ
τὴν
σὴν
ἥλιος
λάμ-.
πων
φλογὶ
αἰγυπτιώσει.
23.
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23.
χροιάς :
χροιά, corresponding to Ionic
χροιή, is an older and less trite form for the common
χρόα. Simi- larly we have
ποία and
πόα,
ῥοιά and
ῥόα,
στοιά (Ar. Eccl. 676, 684, 686) and
στοά. -
ἄνθος: used as here of the color of the skin in Solon Frg. 27, 5
τῇ
τριτάτῃ
δὲ
γένειον
ἀεξομένων
ἔτι
γυίων
λαχνοῦται
χροιῆς
ἄνθος
ἀμειβομένης, Theodectes Frg. 17
ἧς
ἀγχιτέρμων
ἥλιος
διφρηλατῶν
σκοτει-
νὸν
ἄνθος
ἐξέχρωσε
λιγνύος
εἰς
σώματ᾽
ἀνδρῶν (of the black color of the Ethiopians); of the color of the hair, Soph. O. T. 742
λευκανθὲς
κάρα, Babr. 22.8
τῶν
τριχῶν
ἔτιλλεν
ἃς
ηὕρισκε
λευ-
κανθιζούσας; of color generally, Hdt. 1. 98
οὕτω
πάντων
τῶν
κύκλων
οἱ
προμα-
χεῶνες
ἠνθισμένοι
εἰσὶ
φαρμάκοισι (col- ored with paints). -
ἀσμένῳ: Il. xiv. 108
ἐμοὶ
δέ
κεν
ἀσμένῳ
εἴη, Soph. Trach. 18
ἀσμένῃ
δέ
μοι
ὁ
κλεινὸς
ἦλθε ...
παῖς, Eur. Phoen. 1043
χρόνῳ
δ᾽
ἔβα
τότ᾽
ἀσμένοις, Ar. Pax 582
ἀσμένοισιν
ἦλθες
ἡμῖν,
φιλτάτη. On this dative of a participle of feeling, chiefly used with
εἶναι and verbs of coming, see G. 184, 3, N. 5; H. 771 a. For the thought, cp. Deuteronomy xxviii. 67, 'In the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou shalt say, Would God it were morning!'
24.
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24.
ποικιλείμων: from
ποικίλος and
εἶμα.
ποικίλον
ἔνδυμα
ἔχουσα,
διὰ
τὸ
πεποικίλθαι
τοῖς
ἄστροις, Schol. For
ποικίλος, cp. Soph. Trach. 94
αἰόλα
νύξ, Eur. Hel. 1096
ἀστέρων
ποικίλματα, Frg. 596
ὀρφναία
νὺξ
αἰολόχρως
ἄκριτός
τ᾽
ἄστρων
ὄχλος. For the second part,
εἶμα, cp. Eur. Ion 1150
μελάμπεπλος
νύξ, Orph. Argonaut. 1031
νὺξ
ἀστροχί-
των (511
μήνη
ἀστροχίτων), Claudian Rapt. Proserp. ii. 363 nox picta sinus. –
ἀποκρύψει : initial
κρ, with the aid of the ictus, makes a long syl- lable; cp. 659 below
θεοπρόπους, Eum. 403
ἄτρυτον, Pers. 217
ἀποτροπήν, 395
ἐπέφλεγεν. –
ἀποκρύψει
φαος: Archil. Frg. 74
Ζεὺς
πατὴρ
Ὀλυμπίων
ἐκ
με-
σημβρίης
ἔθηκε
νύκτ᾽
ἀποκρύψας
φάος
ἡλίου
λάμποντος.
26.
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26.
ἀεὶ
δὲ
κτἑ.: the sense is, "ever will some evil be with thee, the pain of which shall make thee wretched," "one evil will ever be followed by another."
27.
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27.
ὁ
λωφήσων : cp. Soph. Ant. 261
οὐδ᾽
ὁ
κωλύσων
παρῆν,
Εl. 1197
οὐδ᾽
οὑπαρήξων
οὐδ᾽
ὁ
κωλύσων
πάρα. See also 771 below; Soph. Phil. 1242
τίς
ἔσται
μ᾽
οὐπικωλύσων
τάδε. The scholi- ast wrongly understands a particular person (Heracles).
λωφάω is here transitive, in 376 intransitive. In this use of the participle the object is commonly omitted. -
οὐ
πέφυκέ
πω:
οὔπω separated, as in 511, Pers. 179, Cho. 747, Eum. 590, Frg. 280, 5. In saying thy deliverer has yet to be born, Hephaestus means only, "no living soul can deliver thee."
28.
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28.
ἐπηύρου: of the verb
ἐπαυρίσκο-
μαι only the second aorist
ἐπηυρόμην is used by the tragic poets.
ἐπηύρου is here ironical; such reward thou didst reap! Cp. Il. i. 410; and xv. 16
οὐ
μὰν
οἶδ᾽
εἰ
αὖτε
κακορραφίης
ἀλεγεινῆς
πρώτη
ἐπαυρήαι,
καί
σε
πληγῇσιν
ἱμάσσω.
29.
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29.
θεὸς
θεῶν (see on 19): said with reference to
βροτοῖσι. The gods have a common interest as opposed to mortals.
θεῶν modifies
τιμάς.
ὑποπτήσσων: cp. 175, 960.
30.
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30.
τιμάς : distinctive possessions, privileges, prerogatives, like
γέρα, 107. See on 229. –
πέρα
δίκης: this, in the mouth of the
well-disposed Hephaes- tus, must be taken as expressing the poet's own sentiment.
31.
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31.
φρουρήσεις: said in reference to the sleeplessness mentioned in the next verse.
Α
φρουρός is forbidden to sleep.
-ἀτερπή : cp.
ἄζηλον 143; Od. xi. 94
ὄφρα
ἴδῃς
νέκυας
καὶ
ἀτερπέα
χῶρον.
32.
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32.
ὀρθοστάδην: see Introduction, p. 5, footnote 3. –
κάμπτων
γόνυ: of taking a posture of rest ;
γόνυ
κάμψαι·
ἀναπαύεσθαι, Hesych. Cp. 396; Il. vii. 118
φημί
μιν
ἀσπασίως
γόνυ
κάμψειν,
εἴ
κε
φύγῃσιν
δηΐου
ἐκ
πολέμοιο, Eur. Hec. 1080, 1150; Catull. lxiv. 303 niveos flexerunt sedibus artus.
33.
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33.
πολλοὺς
δ᾽
ὀδυρμούς:
προανα-
φωνεῖ
τὰς
μονῳδίας
αὐτοῦ, Schol.
35.
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35.
νέον: adverbial. See Krüger II. § 46, 6, 7. The same thought recurs 96, 149, 310, 389, 942, 955.
