Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 1-127

ed. Herbert Weir Smyth

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Prometheus Bound. Aeschylus. ed. Herbert Weir Smyth. New York. 1922.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The Annenberg CPB/Project.

Current edition Perseus

Προμηθεὺς δεσμώτης (Greek) (Aeschylus, Volume 1. Smyth, Herbert Weir, editor. London; New York: William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1922.)

Editions (6)
Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης First1KGreek (Aeschyli Tragoediae. Sidgwick, Arthur, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902.) — 1-127 focus
Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης (OCR draft) Experimental (Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης. Guilielmus Dindorfius, 1882.) — 1 focus
χρόνον ἀθλεύσω.
95
τοιόνδ᾽ ὁ νέος ταγὸς μακάρων
ἐξηῦρ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἐμοὶ δεσμὸν ἀεικῆ.
φεῦ φεῦ, τὸ παρὸν τό τ' ἐπερχόμενον
πῆμα στενάχω, πῆ ποτε μόχθῳ
χρὴ τέρματα τῶνδ᾽ ἐπιτεῖλαι.
100
καίτοι τί φημι; πάντα προυξεπίσταμαι
σκεθρῶς τὰ μέλλοντ', οὐδέ μοι ποταίνιον
πῆμ᾽ οὐδὲν ἥξει. τὴν πεπρωμένην δὲ χρὴ
αἶσαν φέρειν ὡς ῥᾶστα, γιγνώσκονθ᾽ ὅτι
τὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης ἔστ᾽ ἀδήριτον σθένος.
105
ἀλλ᾽ οὔτε σιγᾶν οὔτε μὴ σιγᾶν τύχας
οἷόν τέ μοι τάσδ᾽ ἐστί. θνητοῖς γὰρ γέρα
πορὼν ἀναγκαις ταῖσδ᾽ ἐνέζευγμαι τάλας·
ναρθηκοπλήρωτον δὲ θηρῶμαι πυρὸς
πηγὴν κλοπαίαν, ἢ διδάσκαλος τέχνης
110
πάσης βροτοῖς πέφηνε καὶ μέγας πόρος.
τοιῶνδε ποινὰς ἀμπλακημάτων τίνω
ὑπαιθρίοις δεσμυῖσι προσπεπαρμένος.
ἆ ἆ,
τίς ἀχὼ, τίς ὀδμὰ προσέπτα μ᾽ ἀφεγγὴς,
115
θεόσυτος, ἢ βρότειος, ἢ κεκραμένη;
τίς ἵκετ᾽ αἴας τερμόνειον ἐπὶ πάγον
πόνων ἐμῶν θεωρὸς, ἢ τί δὴ θέλων;
Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης (OCR draft) Experimental (Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης. Gottfried Hermann, 1852.) — 1 focus
χρόνον ἀθλεύσω.
95
τοιόνδ᾽ ὁ νέος ταγὸς μακάρων
ἐξεῦρ᾽ ἐπ' ἐμοὶ δεσμὸν ἀεικῆ.
αἰαῖ, τὸ παρόν, τό τ' ἐπερχόμενον
πῆμα στενάχω, πῇ ποτε μόχθων
χρὴ τέρματα τῶνδ᾽ ἐπιτεῖλαι.
100
καίτοι τί φημι; πάντα προὐξεπίσταμαι
σκεθρῶς τὰ μέλλοντ', οὐδέ μοι ποταίνιον
πῆμ' οὐδὲν ἥξει. τὴν πεπρωμένην δὲ χρὴ
αἶσαν φέρειν ὡς ῥᾷστα, γιγνώσκονθ᾽ ὅτι
τὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης ἔστ᾽ ἀδήριτον σθένος.
105
ἀλλ᾽ οὔτε σιγᾶν οὔτε μὴ σιγᾶν τύχας
οἷόν τέ μοι τάςδ᾽ ἐστί. θνητοῖς γὰρ γέρα
πορὼν ἀνάγκαις ταῖςδ᾽ ἐνέζευγμαι τάλας·
ναρθηκοπλήρωτον δὲ θηρῶμαι πυρὸς
πηγὴν κλοπαίαν, ἣ διδάσκαλος τέχνης
110
πάσης βροτοῖς πέφηνε καὶ μέγας πόρος.
τοιάςδε ποινὰς ἀμπλακημάτων τίνω,
ὑπαίθριος δεσμοῖσι πασσαλευτὸς ὤν.
ἔα ἔα.
τίς ἀχώ, τίς ὀδμὰ προςέπτα μ' ἀφεγγής;
115
θεόσυτος ἢ βρότειος ἢ κεκραμένη;
ἵκετο τερμόνιον ἐπὶ πάγον
πόνων ἐμῶν θεωρός, ἢ τί δὴ θέλων;
ὁρᾶτε δεσμώτην με δύςποτμον θεόν,
τὸν Διὸς ἐχθρόν, τὸν πᾶσι θεοῖς
120
δι' ἀπεχθείας ἐλθόνθ', ὁπόσοι
τὴν Διὸς αὐλὴν εἰςοιχνεῦσιν,
διὰ τὴν λίαν φιλότητα βροτῶν.
φεῦ φεῦ, τί ποτ' αὖ κινάθισμα κλύω
πέλας οἰωνῶν; αἰθὴρ δ' ἐλαφραῖς
125
ΠΡΟΜΗθΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ (OCR draft) Experimental (ΠΡΟΜΗθΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ. Paul Mazon, 1920-1925.) — 1 focus
χρόνον ἀθλεύσω·
95
τοιόνδ' ὁ νέος ταγὸς μακάρων
ἐξηῦρ' ἐξεῦρ' ἐπ' ἐμοὶ δεσμὸν ἀεικῆ·
φεῦ φεῦ αἰ αἰ, τὸ παρὸν τό τ' ἐπερχόμενον
πῆμα στενάχω, ποῖ ποτε μόχθων
χρὴ τέρματα τῶνδ' ἐπιτεῖλαι.
100
Καίτοι τί φημι ; πάντα προὐξεπίσταμαι
σκεθρῶς τὰ μέλλοντ', οὐδέ μοι ποταίνιον
πῆμ' οὐδὲν ἥξει· τὴν πεπρωμένην δὲ χρὴ
αἶσαν φέρειν ὡς ῥᾷστα, γιγνώσκονθ' ὅτι
τὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης ἔστ' ἀδήριτον σθένος.
105
Ἀλλ' οὔτε σιγᾶν οὔτε μὴ σιγᾶν τύχας
οἷόν τέ μοι τάσδ' ἐστί· θνητοῖς γὰρ γέρα
πορὼν ἀνάγκαις ταῖσδ' ἐνέζευγμαι τάλας·
ναρθηκοπλήρωτον δὲ θηρῶμαι πυρὸς
Α α, ἔα ἔα,
τίς ἀχώ, τίς ὀδμὰ
115
προσέπτα μ' ἀφεγγής ;
θεόσυτος, ἢ βρότειος, ἢ κεκραμένη ;
ἵκετο τερμόνιον ἐπὶ πάγον
πόνων ἐμῶν θεωρός, ἢ τί δὴ θέλων ;
Ὁρᾶτε δεσμώτην με δύσποτμον θεόν,
120
τὸν Διὸς ἐχθρόν, τὸν πᾶσι θεοῖς
δι' ἀπεχθείας ἐλθόνθ' ὁπόσοι
τὴν Διὸς αὐλὴν εἰσοιχνεῦσιν
διὰ τὴν λίαν φιλότητα βροτῶν.
Φεῦ φεῦ, τί ποτ' αὖ κινάθισμα κλύω
125
πέλας οἰωνῶν ; αἰθὴρ δ' ἐλαφραῖς
πτερύγων ῥιπαῖς ὑποσυρίζει·
πᾶν μοι φοβερὸν τὸ προσέρπον.
Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης (OCR draft) Experimental (Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης. N. Wecklein, 1885.) — 1 focus
Χθονὸς μὲν εἰς τηλουρὸν ἥκομεν πέδον,
1
Σκύθην ἐς οἶμον, ἄβροτον εἰς ἐρημίαν.
Ἥφαιστε, σοὶ δὲ χρὴ μέλειν ἐπιστολὰς
ἃς σοι πατὴρ ἐφεῖτο, τόνδε πρὸς πέτραις
ὑψηλοκρήμνοις τὸν λεωργὸν ὀχμάσαι
5
ἀδαμαντίνων δεσμῶν ἐν ἀρρήκτοις πέδαις.
τὸ σὸν γὰρ ἄνθος, παντέχνου πυρὸς σέλας,
θνητοῖσι κλέψας ὤπασεν· τοιᾶσδέ τοι
ἁμαρτίας σφε δεῖ θεοῖς δοῦναι δίκην,
ὡς ἂν διδαχθῇ τὴν Διὸς τυραννίδα
10
στέργειν, φιλανθρώπου δὲ παύεσθαι τρόπου.
εἶεν, τί μέλλεις καὶ κατοικτίζῃ μάτην;
τί τὸν θεοῖς ἔχθιστον οὐ στυγεῖς θεόν,
ὅστις τὸ σὸν θνητοῖσι προύδωκεν γέρας;
καὶ τήνδε νῦν πόρπασον ἀσφαλῶς, ἵνα
μάθῃ σοφιστὴς ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος.
ὦ δῖος αἰθὴρ καὶ ταχύπτεροι πνοαί,
ποταμῶν τε πηγαί, ποντίων τε κυμάτων
ἀνήριθμον γέλασμα, παμμῆτόρ τε γῆ,
90
καὶ τὸν πανόπτην κύκλον ἡλίου καλῶ·
ἴδεσθέ μ' οἷα πρὸς θεῶν πάσχω θεός.
δέρχθηθ' οἵαις αἰκίαισιν
διακναιόμενος τὸν μυριετῆ
χρόνον ἀθλεύσω. τοιόνδ᾽ ὁ νέος
95
ταγὸς μακάρων ἐξηῦρ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἐμοὶ
δεσμὸν ἀεικῆ.
φεῦ φεῦ, τὸ παρὸν τό τ᾽ ἐπερχόμενον
πῆμα στενάχω, πῇ ποτε μόχθων
χρὴ τέρματα τῶνδ᾽ ἐπιτεῖλαι.
100
καίτοι τί φημί, πάντα προεξεπίσταμαι
σκεθρῶς τὰ μέλλοντ', οὐδέ μοι ποταίνιον
πῆμ᾽ οὐδὲν ἥξει. τὴν πεπρωμένην δὲ χρὴ
αἶσαν φέρειν ὡς ῥᾷστα, γιγνώσκονθ᾽ ὅτι
τὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης ἔστ᾽ ἀδήριτον σθένος.
105
ἀλλ᾽ οὔτε σιγᾶν οὔτε μὴ σιγᾶν τύχας
οἷόν τέ μοι τάσδ᾽ ἐστί. θνητοῖς γὰρ γέρα
Aeschyli Prometheus Vinctus (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschyli Prometheus Vinctus. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, 1914.) — 1 focus
χρόνον ἀθλεύσω.
95
τοιόνδ᾽ ὁ νέος ταγὸς μακάρων
ἐξηῦρ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἐμοὶ δεσμὸν ἀεικῆ.
φεῦ φεῦ, τὸ παρὸν τό τ᾽ ἐπερχόμενον
πῆμα στενάχω· πῆι ποτε μόχθων
χρὴ τέρματα τῶνδ᾽ ἐπιτεῖλαι.
100
καίτοι τί φημί; πάντα προὐξεπίσταμαι
σκεθρῶς τὰ μέλλοντ᾽, οὐδέ μοι ποταίνιον
πῆμ᾽ οὐδὲν ἥξει. τὴν πεπρωμένην δὲ χρή
αἶσαν φέρειν ὡς ῥᾶιστα, γιγνώσκονθ᾽ ὅτι
τὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης ἔστ᾽ ἀδήριτον σθένος.
105
ἀλλ᾽ οὔτε σιγᾶν οὔτε μὴ σιγᾶν τύχας
οἷόν τέ μοι τάσδ᾽ ἐστί. θνητοῖς γὰρ γέρα
πορὼν ἀνάγκαις ταῖσδ᾽ ἐνέζευγμαι τάλας·
ναρθηκοπλήρωτον δὲ θηρῶμαι πυρός
πηγὴν κλοπαίαν, ἢ διδάσκαλος τέχνης
110
πάσης βροτοῖς πέφηνε καὶ μέγας πόρος.
τοιῶνδε ποινὰς ἀμπλακημάτων τίνων
ὑπαίθριος δεσμοῖσι πασσαλεύομαι.
ἀἀ ἔα ἔα.
τίς ἀχώ, τίς ὀδμὰ προσέπτα μ᾿ ἀφεγγής;
115
θεόσυτος ἢ βρότειος ἢ κεκραμένη;
τερμόνιον ἵκετ᾽ ἐπὶ πάγον πόνων ἐμῶν
δι᾽ ἀπεχθείας ἐλθόνθ᾽ ὁπόσοι
τὴν Διὸς αὐλὴν εἰσοιχνεῦσιν
διὰ τὴν λίαν φιλότητα βροτῶν.
φεῦ φεῦ, τί ποτ᾽ αὖ κινάθισμα κλύω
πέλας οἰωνῶν, αἰθὴρ δ᾽ ἐλαφραῖς
125
πτερύγων ῥιπαῖς ὑποσυρίζει;
πᾶν μοι φοβερὸν τὸ προσέρπον.
Translations (9)
Prometheus Bound Perseus (Aeschylus, Volume 1. Smyth, Herbert Weir, translator. London; New York: William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1922. (Modernized by Perseus.)) — 1-125 focus
Prometheus Bound. (OCR draft) Experimental (Prometheus Bound.. Theodore Alois Buckley, 1849.) — 1 focus
We
are come to a plain, the distant boundary of the earth, to the Scythian track, to an untrodden
desert. Vulcan, it behoves thee that the mandates, which thy Sire imposed, be thy concern,—to bind this daring wretch
to the lofty-cragged rocks, in fetters of adamantine chains that cannot be broken. For he stole and gave to mortals thy honour, the brilliancy of fire [that aids] all arts
. Hence for such a trespass he must needs give retribution to the gods; that he may be taught to submit to the sovereignty of Jupiter, and to cease from his philanthropic disposition.
Well, well! Why art thou delaying and vainly commiserating? Why loathest thou not the god that is most hateful to the gods, who has betrayed thy prerogative to mortals?
And now clasp this securely, that he may perceive himself to be a duller contriver than Jupiter.
O divine aether, and ye swift-winged breezes, and ye fountains of rivers, and countless dimpling
of the waves of the deep, and thou earth, mother of all—and to the all-seeing orb of the Sun I appeal; look upon me, what treatment I, a god, am enduring at the hand of the gods! Behold with what indignities mangled I shall have to wrestle
through time of years innumerable. Such an ignominious bondage hath the new ruler of the immortals devised against me. Alas! alas! I sigh over the present suffering, and that which is coming on. How, where must a termination of these toils arise?
And yet what is it I am saying? I know beforehand all futurity exactly, and no suffering will come upon me unlooked-for. But I needs must bear my doom as easily as may be, knowing as I do, that the might of Necessity cannot be resisted.
But yet it is not possible for me either to hold my peace, or not to hold my peace touching these my fortunes. For having bestowed boons upon mortals, I am enthralled unhappy in these hardships. And I am he that searched out the source of fire, by stealth borne-off enclosed in a fennel-rod
, which has shewn itself a teacher of every art to mortals, and a great resource. Such then as this is the vengeance that I endure for my trespasses, being rivetted in fetters beneath the naked sky.
Hah! what sound, what ineffable odour
hath been wafted to me, emanating from a god, or from mortal, or of some intermediate nature? Has there come any one to the remote rock as a spectator of my sufferings, or with what intent
! Behold me an ill-fated god in durance, the foe of Jupiter,
him that hath incurred the detestation of all the gods who frequent the court of Jupiter, by reason of my excessive friendliness to mortals. Alas! alas! what can this hasty motion of birds be which I again hear hard by me? The air too is whistling faintly with the whirrings of pinions. Every thing that approaches is to me an object of dread.
PROMÉTHÉE ENCHAINÉ (OCR draft) Experimental (PROMÉTHÉE ENCHAINÉ. Paul Mazon, 1920-1925.) — 1 focus
Nous voici sur le sol d'une terre lointaine, cheminant au pays scythe 1 , dans un désert sans humains. Héphaistos, à toi de songer aux ordres que t'a dictés ton
père et, sur ces rochers aux cimes abruptes, d'enchaîner ce bandit dans l'infrangible entrave de liens de bon acier. Car de ton apanage, du feu brillant d'où naissent tous les arts, il a fait larcin, pour l'offrir aux mortels. Pareille faute doit
se payer aux dieux. Qu'il apprenne donc à se résigner au règne de Zeus et à cesser ce rôle de bienfaiteur des hommes.
Allons ! pourquoi tarder, te lamenter en vain ? N'as-tu pas en horreur le dieu maudit des dieux qui a osé livrer ton privilège aux hommes ?
ne laisse pas de jeu : même à l'inextricable il est capable de trouver une issue.
divin, vents à l'aile rapide, eaux
des fleuves, sourire innombrable des vagues marines, Terre, mère des êtres, et toi, Soleil, œil qui vois tout, je vous invoque ici : voyez ce qu'un dieu souffre par les dieux !
Mélodrame.
Contemplez les opprobres qui me déchirent et que j'en-
durerai pendant des jours sans nombre. Voilà donc les liens d'infamie qu'a imaginés pour moi le jeune chef des Bienheureux ! Las ! las ! et le mal qui m'accable et le mal qui m'attend m'arrachent des sanglots : après quelles
épreuves la délivrance luira-elle enfin ?
Parlé.
Mais que dis-je ? Tout entier, d'avance, sais-je pas l'avenir ? Nul malheur ne viendra sur moi que je n'aie prévu. Il faut porter d'un cœur léger le sort qui vous est fait
et comprendre qu'on ne lutte pas contre la force du Destin. Pourtant taire ces maux m'est aussi impossible que ne pas les taire. Oui, c'est pour avoir fait un don aux mortels que je ploie sous ce joug de douleurs, infortuné ! Un jour, au creux d'une férule, j'emporte mon butin, la semence de
Voilà les fautes dont je paie la peine aux dieux, dans ces liens qui me clouent ici à la face du Ciel !
Animé.

Ah ! ah ! quel bruit, quel parfum invisible a volé jusqu'à moi ? Vient-il d'un dieu ? d'un homme ? d'un être tenant de tous deux ? A ce roc, frontière du monde, on vient donc contempler mes maux ? Ou bien que me veut-on ? Ah ! voyez enchaîné un dieu misérable !
Mélodrame.

C'est l'ennemi de Zeus, c'est celui qui a encouru la haine de tous les dieux qui fréquentent le palais
de Zeus, pour avoir trop aimé les hommes ! Ah ! ah ! encore ! Quel bruissement d'oiseaux entends-je près de moi ? A un batte-
ment d'ailes légères l'éther répond en sifflant. Toute approche m'emplit de crainte !
Prometheus Chained (OCR draft) Experimental (Prometheus Chained. Robert Potter, 1779.) — 1 focus
AT length then to the wide earth's extreme bounds,
1
To Scythia are we come, thoſe pathleſs wilds
Where human footſtep never mark'd the ground.
Now, Vulcan, to thy taſk; at Jove's command
Fix to theſe highprojecting rocks this vain
5
Artificer of man; each maſſy link
Draw cloſe, and bind his adamantine chains.
Thy radiant pride, the firey flame, that lends
Its aid to ev'ry art, he ſtole, and bore
The gift to mortals; for which bold offence
10
The gods aſſign him this juſt puniſhment;
That he may learn to reverence the pow'r
Of Jove, and moderate his love to man.
No more: why theſe delays, this fooliſh pity?
Doſt thou not hate a god by gods abhor'd,
That proſtitutes thy radiant boaſt to man?
45
And now claſp this ſecure, that he may learn
How impotent his craft, oppos'd to Jove.
Ætherial air, and ye ſwiftwinged winds,
Ye rivers ſpringing from freſh ſounts, ye waves d
,
95
That o'er th' interminable ocean wreath
Your criſped ſmiles, thou all-producing earth,
And thee, bright ſun, I call, whoſe flaming orb
Views the wide world beneath, ſee what, a god,
I ſuffer from the gods;
100
with what fierce pains,
Behold, what tortures for revolving ages
I here muſt ſtruggle; ſuch unſeemly chains
This newrais'd ruler of the gods devis'd.
Ah me! That groan burſts from my anguiſh'd heart,
105
My preſent woes and future to bemoan.
When ſhall theſe ſuff'rings find their deſtin'd end?
But why that vain inquiry? My clear ſight
Looks through the future; unforeſeen no ill
Shall come on me: behoves me then to bear
110
Patient my deſtin'd fate, knowing how vain
To ſtruggle with neceſſity's ſtrong pow'r.
But to complain, or not complain, alike
Is unavailable. For favours ſhown
To mortal man I bear this weight of woe;
115
Hid in an hollow cane the fount of fire
I privately convey'd, of ev'ry art
Productive, and the nobleſt gift to men.
And for this ſlight offence, woe, woe is me!
I bear theſe chains, fix'd to this ſavage rock,
120
Unſhelter'd from th' inclemencies of th' air.
Ah me! what ſound, what ſoftly-breathing odour e
Steals on my ſenſe? Be you immortal gods,
Or mortal men, or of th' heroic race,
Whoe'er have reach'd this wild rock's extreme cliff,
125
Spectators of my woes, or what your purpoſe,
Ye ſee me bound, a wretched god, abhor'd
By Jove, and ev'ry god that treads his courts,
For my fond love to man.
Ah me! again
130
I hear the ſound of flutt'ring nigh; the air
Pants to the ſoft beat of lightmoving wings:
All, that approaches now, is dreadful to me.
Eschilo, Prometeo legato: traduzione italiana di Ettore Romagnoli (OCR draft) Experimental (Eschilo, Prometeo legato: traduzione italiana di Ettore Romagnoli. Ettore Romagnoli, 1922.) — 1 focus
Agli estremi confini eccoci giunti
1
già della terra, in un deserto impervio
tramite de la Scizia.
Ed ora, Efesto,
compier tu devi gli ordini che il padre
5
a te commise: a queste rupi eccelse
entro catene adamantine stringere
quest'empio, in ceppi che non mai si frangano:
ch'esso il tuo fiore, il folgorio del fuoco
padre d'ogni arte, t'involò, lo diede
10
ai mortali.
Ai Celesti ora la pena
paghi di questa frodolenza, e apprenda
a rispettar la signoria di Giove,
a desister dal troppo amor degli uomini.
15
Dell'amor pei mortali è questo il frutto.
Poiché senza temer l'ira dei Numi,
Nume tu stesso, indebiti favori
40
agli umani largisti.
Ora, in compenso,
vegliar dovrai questa dogliosa rupe,
senza mai sonno, in piè, senza mai flettere
le tue ginocchia, e cento ululi e gemiti
45
invano leverai:
ché il cuor di Giove
nessuna prece lo commuove; ed aspro
è ciascun che di fresco ebbe il potere.
Pur, quest' arte l'avesse altri in retaggio!
di Giove? Oh!, che su te non debba piangere!
scendi giú, forte ora le gambe accerchiagli.
Sii pur tenero, tu. Ma la protervia,
l'ira, l'asprezza mia, non rampognarmi.
95
maestra fu d'ogni arte, ed util sommo.
130
Di tal misfatto pago il fio, nei lacci,
a cielo aperto, turpemente avvinto.
Si ode una soave musica lontana.
Ahimè, ahimè !
Che voce, che ineffabile fragranza
alïa verso me,
135
di Nume, d'uomo, o d'ambedue commista ?
Giunge alcuno a veder le mie torture?
O per qual brama? Ahi!, di catene avvinto,
questo misero Nume vedete,
il nemico di Giove, che in odio
140
venne a quanti Celesti s'addensano
nella reggia di Zeus, perché gli uomini
troppo amavo.
Aeschylus, Prometheus vinctus: versio Latina Ioannis Sanravii (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Prometheus vinctus: versio Latina Ioannis Sanravii. Ioannes Sanravius, 1555.) — 1 focus
Terrae sanè in procul remotum uenimus solum,
1
Scythicam in uiam, ac profundam solitudinem:
Vulcane, tibi curæ esse oportet mandata,
Tibi à patre edicta: hunc scilicet petris
Altijugis hominum conditorem ligare,
5
Adamantinis uinculis, in solidis petris.
Tuum enim præmium omnifici ignis lumen
Mortalibus furatus præbuit: talis uerò
Peccati ipſum oportet dijs dare poenas Peccati ipsum oportet diis dare poenas:
Vt doceatur Iouis tyrannidem
10
Amare, hominesque deſinat diligere.
Eſto, quid cunctaris et imploras misericordiam
frustra?
Quid non odio proſequeris dijs inimiciſimum deum,
40
Qui tuum munus mortalibus præbuit?
Hanc quoque fibulâ fortiter, ut
Diſcat se impoſtorem ignauiorem eſse Ioue.
O Iouis æther, & uolucres uenti,
Fluuiorum fontes, marinorum fluctuum
95
Infinitus motus, omniparaque terra,
Et qui omnia uidet orbem solis uocó,
Videte me, qualia à Dijs patior, Deus cùm sim.
Reſpicite, quibus supplicijs
Affectus, infinitum
100
Tempus laborabó: quale iuuenis
Dux beatorum inuenit pro me
Vinculum moleſtum, heu heu. præsens,
Et ſequens detrimentum deploro, quà ratione
Et certè quid dicó? omnia præscio
Exaſtè futura, neque mihi nouum
Detrimentum ullum ueniet, fatum uerò oportet
Conſtitutum ferre me, quàm facilè cognoscentem;
110
Robur necesſitatis inexpugnabile esse.
Sed neque tacere, neque non tacere fortunas
Has mihi licet: mortalibus præmia
Præbens, necesſitates has iam subeó miser.
Ferulam plenam ignis capio,
115
Fontem furtiuum, qui præceptor artis
Omnis mortalibus fuit, & magnum emolumentum.
Tales uerò pænas peccatorum pendó,
Subdialis uinculis ligatus,
Heu heu.
120
Quæ uox, quis odor mihi obſcurus accidit:
Aut diuinâ, aut mortalis, aut mixta,
Venit ad ultimum saxum,
Meos labores ſpeculatúra, aut quid uolens?
Videte uinctum me, infælicem deum,
125
Iouis inimicum, & cum omnibus dijs
In inimicitiam uenientem, quicunque
Iouis aulam inhabitant,
Ob uehementem amorem mortalium.
Heu heu, quid tandem rursus strepitum audio?
130
Prope aues sunt, aether uerò leuibus
Alarum motibus reſonat:
Prometheus Bound (OCR draft) Experimental (Prometheus Bound. Anna Swanwick, 1886.) — 1 focus
STRENGTH
TO earth's remotest plain we now are come,
To Scythia’s confine, an untrodden waste.
Hephæstos! Thou the mandates must observe
Enjoin’d thee by thy sire; this miscreant
'Gainst lofty-beetling rocks to clasp in fetters
Of adamantine bonds, unbreakable.
For that the splendour of all-working fire,
Thy proper flower, he stole, and gave to mortals.
Such crime he to the gods must expiate;
So may he learn the sovereignty of Zeus
To bear, and cease from mortal-loving wont.
HEPHÆSTOS
Ho! Strength and Force, for you the word of Zeus
Its goal hath reached, no obstacle remains;
But I of daring lack, a brother god
Fast to this storm-vexed cleft perforce to bind.
Yet so to dare is sheer necessity;
For grievous 'tis the father's words to slight.
[To PROMETHEUS.]
Right-judging Themis' lofty-thoughted son,
Thee 'gainst thy will must I unwilling nail
With stubborn shackles to this desert height,
Where neither voice nor form of living man
Shall meet thy ken; but, shrivelled by the blaze
Of the bright sun, thy skin's fair bloom shall wither;
Welcome to thee shall glittering-vestured night
O'erveil the brightness; welcome too the sun
Shall with new beams scatter the morning rime;
Thus evermore shall weight of present ill
Outwear thee: for as yet is no one born
Who may relieve thy pain: such meed hast thou
From mortal-loving wont;—for thou, a god,
Not crouching to the wrath of gods, didst bring
To mortal men high gifts, transgressing right.
Hence art thou doom'd this joyless rock to guard,
Erect, unsleeping, bending not the knee;
And many a moan shalt pour and many a plaint,
Vainly; for Zeus obdurate is of heart;
And harsh is everyone when new of sway.
STRENGTH
Well! why delay and bootless pity vent?
This god, to gods most hateful, why not hate,
Who thy prerogative to men betrayed?
HEPHÆSTOS
Awful is kindred blood, and fellowship.
STRENGTH
True, but the father's word to disobey—
How suiteth that? fearest not that still more?
HEPHÆSTOS
Aye ruthless art thou, full of insolence.
STRENGTH
Him to bemoan availeth nought;-but thou
Spend not thy strength in toil that profits not.
HEPHÆSTOS
Alas! my much-detested handicraft!
STRENGTH
Why hate thy craft? for, sooth to say, thine art
Is no way guilty of these present woes.
HEPHÆSTOS
Yet would that it to other hand had fallen.
STRENGTH
Save o'er the gods to lord it, all, I trow,
Achieved hath been; for none is free but Zeus.
HEPHÆSTOS
Too well I know it: answer have I none.
STRENGTH
Haste then around the culprit cast these bonds
Lest father Zeus perceive thee loitering.
HEPHÆSTOS
Behold the shackles ready here for use.
STRENGTH
Cast them around his hands: with mighty force
Smite with the hammer, nail him to the rocks.
HEPHÆSTOS
The work so far is finished ;--not amiss.
STRENGTH
Strike harder yet: clench fast: be nowhere slack.
His wit will find a way where no way is.
HEPHÆSTOS
This arm, at least, is fast beyond escape.
STRENGTH
This too clamp firmly down; so may he learn,
Shrewd though he be, he duller is than Zeus.
HEPHÆSTOS
No one save him may justly me reproach.
STRENGTH
This adamantine wedge's stubborn fang
Athwart his breast now drive, right sturdily.
HEPHÆSTOS
Alas! Prometheus! I lament thy pangs.
STRENGTH
Dost shrink, lamenting o'er the foes of Zeus?
Beware, lest some day for thyself thou grieve.
HEPHÆSTOS
A sight thou seest, grievous to the eye.
STRENGTH
I see him meeting with his own deserts:
But come, around his sides the girdings cast.
HEPHÆSTOS
Do it I must; urge me not over-much.
STRENGTH
Urge thee I will; ay, hound thee to the work;
Get thee below; forceful enring his legs.
HEPHÆSTOS
There, finished is the work, nor great the toil.
STRENGTH
Now the bored fetters strike right lustily;
For stern the overlooker of these works.
HEPHÆSTOS
Like to thy shape the utterance of thy tongue.
STRENGTH
Be thou soft-hearted but upbraid not me,
For stubborn will and ruggedness of heart.
HEPHÆSTOS
Let us begone; his limbs are iron-meshed.
STRENGTH
to PROMETHEUS.
Here be defiant and the gods' own rights
Filching, bestow on creatures of a day;
How much can mortals from these woes drain off?
Thee falsely do the gods Prometheus name,
For a Prometheus thou thyself dost need,
To plan releasement from this handiwork.
PROMETHEUS
Oh holy ether, swiftly-wingèd gales,
Fountains of rivers, and of ocean-waves
Innumerable laughter, general mother Earth,
And orb all-seeing of the sun, I call:
Behold what I, a god, from gods endure.
See, wasted by what pains
Wrestle I must while myriad time shall flow!
Such ignominious chains
95
Hath he who newly reigns,
Chief of the blest, devised against me. Woe!
Ah woe! the torture of the hour
I wail, ay, and of anguish'd throes
The future dower.
How, when, shall rise a limit to these woes?
And yet what say I? clearly I foreknow
101
All that must happen; nor can woe betide
Stranger to me; the Destined it behoves,
As best I may, to bear, for well I wot
How incontestable the strength of Fate.
Yet in such strait silence to keep is hard,—
Hard not to keep;-for, bringing gifts to mortals,
Myself in these constraints hapless am yoked.
Stored within hollow wand fire's stealthy fount
I track, which to mankind in every art
Hath teacher proved, and mightiest resource.
Such forfeits I for such offences pay,—
Beneath the welkin nailed in manacles.
Hist! Hist! what sound,
114
What odour floats invisibly around,
Of God, or man, or intermediate kind?
Who nears this rocky bound,
Spectator of my woes or seeking aught?
A god ye see in fetters, anguish-fraught;
The foe of Zeus, in hatred held of all
The deities who throng Zeus' palace-hall;
For that to men I bore too fond a mind.
121
Woe, woe! what rustling sound
Hard by, as if of birds, doth take mine ear?
Whistles the ether round
With the light whirr of pinions hovering near.
Whate'er approaches filleth me with fear.
CHORUS
STROPHE I.
Fear not! a friendly troop we reach
On rival-speeding wing this cliff forlorn;
Our sire's hard leave wringing by suasive speech,
Me swift-escorting gales have hither borne.
For iron's clanging note
Piercing our caves' recesses rang,
And from me bashful shyness smote;—
Forthwith on wingèd car, unshod, aloft I sprang.
PROMETHEUS
Alas! alas! Woe! woe!
Prolific Tethys' offspring, progeny
Of sire Oceanos, whose sleepless flow
Engirdles the whole earth; behold and see
In what dire bonds unenvied watch I keep,
Clasp'd to the summit of this rock-bound steep.
CHORUS
ANTISTROPHE I.
I see, Prometheus, and through fear
Doth mist of many tears mine eyes bedew,
As, 'gainst this rock, parched up, in tortures drear
Of adamantine bonds, thy form I view.
For helmsmen new of sway
Olympos hold; by laws new-made
Zeus wieldeth empire, impulse-swayed;
While what was grand of old he sweeps away.
PROMETHEUS
Neath earth, 'neath Hades' shade-receiving plains,
Sheer down to Tartaros' unmeasured gloom
Would he had hurled me ruthless, bound with chains
That none may loose ;-So then at this my doom
Had no one mock'd,—nor god, nor other kind.
But now most wretched, sport of every wind,
The laughter of my foes, I bear these pains.
CHORUS
STROPHE II.
Who of the gods a heart doth own
So hard, to mock at thy despair?
Who at thy woes, save Zeus alone,
Doth not thine anguish share?
But ruthless still, with soul unbent,
The heavenly race he tames, nor will refrain
Till sated to his heart's content;
Or till another, by some cunning snare,
Wrest from his grasp the firmly guarded reign.
PROMETHEUS
Yet e'en of me although now wrung
In stubborn chains shall he have need,
This ruler of the blest-to read
The counsel new by which his sway
And honours shall be stript away.
But not persuasion's honied tongue
My stedfast soul shall charm;
Nor will I, crouching in alarm,
Divulge the secret, till these savage chains
He loose, and yield requital for my pains.
CHORUS
ANTISTROPHE II.
Daring thou art and yieldest nought
For bitter agony; with tongue
Unbridled thou art all too free.
But by keen fear my heart is stung;
I tremble for thy doom—ah, me!
Thy barque into what haven may'st thou steer,
Of these dire pangs the end to see?
For inaccessible, of mood severe
Is Kronos' son, inflexible his thought.
PROMETHEUS
That Zeus is stern full well I know,
And by his will doth measure right.
But, smitten by this destined blow,
Softened shall one day be his might.
Then curbing his harsh temper, he
Full eagerly will hither wend,
To join in league and amity with me,
Eager no less to welcome him as friend.
CHORUS
To us thy tale unfold; the whole speak out;
Upon what charge Zeus, seizing thee, doth thus
Outrage with harsh and ignominious pain?
Inform us if the telling breed no harm.
PROMETHEUS
Grievous to me it is these things to tell,
Grief to be silent: trouble every way.
When first the heavenly powers were moved to rage,
And in opposing factions ranged their might,
These wishing Kronos from his seat to hurl
That Zeus forsooth might reign; these, counter-wise,
Resolved that o'er the gods Zeus ne'er should rule;
Then I with sagest counsel strove to move
The Titans, progeny of heaven and earth,
But strove in vain; for they, in stubborn souls
Of crafty wiles disdainful, thought by force,
An easy task, the mastery to gain.
But me, not once but oft, my mother Themis,
And Earth (one shape with many names) had told
Prophetic, how the future should be wrought.
That not by strength of thew or hardiment
Should mastery be compassed, but by guile;
But when this lore I did expound in words,
They deigned me not a single look; whereon,
Of courses free to choose, the wisest seemed
Leagued with my mother, of my own free will
The will of Zeus to meet, siding with him,
And by my counsels black-roofed Tartaros'
Murky abyss primeval Kronos now
Engulfs with his allies; such benefits
From me the tyrant of the gods received,
And hath requited with these base returns.
For, someway, cleaveth aye to tyranny
This fell disease; to have no faith in friends.
But touching which ye ask me, on what charge
He thus maltreats me; this will I make clear.
When seated on his father's throne, forthwith,
He to the several gods was dealing out
Their several honours, marshalling his realm;
But he of toil-worn mortals took no count;
The race entire he ardently desired
To quench, and plant a new one in its stead.
And none but I opposed his purposes;
I dared alone;—I saved the mortal race
From sinking blasted down to Hades' gloom.
244
For this by these dire tortures I am bent,
Grievous to suffer, piteous to behold.
I who did mortals pity, of like grace
Am deem'd unworthy, but am grimly thus
Tuned to his will, a sight of shame to Zeus.
CHORUS
Iron of heart, ay, fashion'd out of rock
Is he, Prometheus, who for these thy pangs
Shareth not anguish; for myself, this sight
I fain had shunned; seeing, my heart is wrung.
PROMETHEUS
To friends, in sooth, a spectacle of woe.
CHORUS
But beyond this didst haply aught essay?
PROMETHEUS
Mortals I hindered from foreseeing death.
CHORUS
Finding what medicine for this disease?
PROMETHEUS
Within their hearts I caused blind hopes to dwell.
CHORUS
Vast boon was this thou gavest unto mortals.
PROMETHEUS
Yea, and besides 'twas I that gave them fire.
CHORUS
Have now these short-lived creatures flame-eyed fire?
PROMETHEUS
Ay, and by it full many arts will learn.
CHORUS
Upon such charges doth Zeus outrage thee,
Nor aught abateth of thy miseries?
To this dire struggle is no 'term assigned?
PROMETHEUS
No other but what seemeth good to him.
CHORUS
How may this be? What hope? Seest thou not
That thou hast erred? But in what way hast erred,
That to unfold,-while me it gladdens not,
To thee is pain. Forbear we then this theme.
But seek from this keen struggle some escape.
PROMETHEUS
Whoso his foot holdeth unmesh'd of harm,
For him 'tis easy to exhort and warn
One sorely plagued. But this I all foreknew;
Of will, free will, I erred, nor will gainsay it.
By aiding men I wrought myself these pangs.
Not that such guerdon I did e'er conceive;-
To wither piecemeal on sky-piercing rocks,
Doom'd to this drear and solitary height.
But ye, no further wail my present woes,
But, on the ground alighting, hear from me
On-gliding fate-so shall ye learn the end.
Yield to me, prithee yield, and share the grief
Of one who now is wretched. For mishap
Rangeth abroad, and lights on each in turn.
Chorus
To no unwilling ears thy words
Appeal, Prometheus; and with nimble feet
Leaving our swiftly wafted seat
And holy ether, track of birds,
I to this rugged ground draw near;

Thy woes from first to last I fain would hear.
OCEANOS
The goal of my long course at length I gain,
And come, Prometheus, to thy side.
This swift-winged bird without a bit I rein,
My will his only guide.
Compassion for thy fate, be sure, I feel;
Thereto the tie of kin constraineth me:
But blood apart, to no one would I deal
More honour than to thee.

That true my words thou soon shalt know;
No falsely glozing tongue is mine;
Come, how I may assist thee plainly show,
For than Oceanos a friend more leal
Thou ne'er shalt boast as thine.
PROMETHEUS
Ha! What means this? Art thou too hither come
Spectator of my pangs? How hast thou dared
Quitting thy namesake flood, thy rock-roof'd caves
Self-wrought, this iron-teeming land to reach?
Art come indeed to gaze upon my doom,

And with my grievous woes to sympathize?
A spectacle behold;—this friend of Zeus,
This co-appointer of his sovereignty,
By what dire anguish I by him am bow'd.
OCEANOS
I see, Prometheus, and would fain to thee,
All subtle as thou art, best counsel give;
Know thine own self, thy manners mould anew,
For new the monarch who now rules the gods;
But if thou thus harsh, keenly-whetted words
Still hurlest, Zeus, though thron'd so far aloft,

Mayhap may hear thee, so the pangs which now
His wrath inflicts but childish sport may seem.
But come, O much enduring, quell thy rage;
Seek thou releasement from these miseries;
Stale may appear to thee the words I speak;
Yet such the penalty that waits, Prometheus,
On a too haughty tongue; But thou, e'en now
Nowise art humbled, nor dost yield to ills,
But to the present wouldest add new woe;
Therefore, I charge thee, hearkening my rede,

Kick not against the pricks, since harsh the king
Who now holds sway, accountable to none.
And now I go and will forthwith essay
If I avail to free thee from these toils.
But be thou calm nor over-rash of speech;
Knowest thou not, being exceeding wise,
That to the froward tongue chastisement cleaves.
PROMETHEUS
Much joy I give thee scatheless as thou art,
Though in all plots and daring leagued with me.
But now let be; forbear thy toil: for him

Persuade thou canst not: him no suasion moves;
Nay, lest the journey breed thee harm, beware.
OCEANOS
More cunning art thou others to advise
Than thine own self. By deed I judge, not word;
But, fixed is my resolve, hold me not back;
For sure I am, yea, sure, that Zeus to me
Will grant this boon, and loose thee from these pains.
PROMETHEUS
For this I praise thee, nor will cease to praise;
For nought of kindly zeal thou lackest; yet,
Toil not, for vain, nor helpful unto me,

Thy toil will prove,—if toil indeed thou wilt;—
But hold thee quiet rather, keep aloof;
For I, though in mishap, not therefore wish
Wide-spreading fellowship of woe to see.
No truly, for my brother Atlas' doom
Grieves me, who, stationed on the western verge,
The pillars on his shoulders beareth up
Of heaven and earth; burthen of painful grasp.
So, in Cilician caves with ruth I saw
Their earth-born tenant, hostile prodigy,

The hundred-headed, curb'd by violence;
Raging Typhoeus, all the gods who braved,
Hissing out slaughter from his horrid jaws.
Forth from his eyeballs flash'd a hideous glare,
As though by force the reign of heaven to storm.
But on him fell the sleepless dart of Zeus,
The thunder-bolt down-rushing, breathing flame,
Which him from his high-worded boasting hurl'd
Prostrate; for, smitten to his inmost reins,
With strength burnt out, he lightning-blasted fell.

And now his frame, helpless and sprawling lies
Hard by the salt-sea narrows, sorely prest
Beneath the roots of Etna. Seated there,
Upon the topmost peaks, Hephaestos smites
The molten masses, whence one day shall burst
Torrents of fire, devouring with fierce jaws
The level fields of fruitful Sicily.
Such rage Typhoeus shall anew belch forth
With scorching missiles of fire-breathing storm
Insatiate; by the fierce bolt of Zeus

Blasted, but unconsum'd. No tiro thou,
Nor dost my teaching need. Save thou thyself
As best thou knowest how. But be assured
I to the dregs my present doom will drain,
Until the heart of Zeus relax its ire.
OCEANOS
Know'st thou not this, Prometheus, that wise words
To a distemper'd mind physicians are?
PROMETHEUS
Ay, if well-timed they mollify the heart,
Nor with rude pressure chafe its swelling ire.
OCEANOS
True: but if forethought be with boldness leagued,
What lurking mischief seest thou? Instruct me.

PROMETHEUS
Light-minded folly and superfluous toil.
OCEANOS
Still from this ailment let me ail, since most
The wise it profiteth not wise to seem.
PROMETHEUS
But haply mine this error may appear.
OCEANOS
Certes, thine argument remands me home.
PROMETHEUS
Good! Lest thy plaint for me work thee ill-will.
OCEANOS
With him new-seated on the all-ruling throne?
PROMETHEUS
Of him beware that ne'er his heart be vexed.
OCEANOS
Thy plight, Prometheus, is my monitor.
PROMETHEUS
Speed forth! Begone! Cherish thy present mood.

OCEANOS
399
To me right eager hast thou bayed that word,
For my four-footed bird, with wings outspread,
Fans the clear track of æther; fain, in sooth,
407 415 420 425
In wonted stall to bend the weary knee.
PROMETHEUS
Think not that I through pride or stubbornness
Keep silence; nay, my brooding heart is gnawed
Seeing myself thus marred with contumely;
And yet what other but myself marked out
To these new gods their full prerogatives?
1
But I refrain; for, nought my tongue would tell
Save what ye know. But rather list the ills

Of mortal men, how being babes before,
I made them wise and masters of their wits.
This will I tell, not as in blame of men,
But showing how from kindness flow'd my gifts.
For they, in foretime, seeing saw in vain;
Hearing they heard not, but, like shapes in dreams,
Through the long time all things at random mixed;
Of brick-wove houses, sunward-turn'd, nought knew,
Nor joiner's craft, but burrowing they dwelt

Like puny ants, in cavern'd depths unsunned.
Neither of winter, nor of spring flower-strewn,
Nor fruitful summer, had they certain sign,
But without judgment everything they wrought,
Till I to them the risings of the stars
Discovered, and their settings hard to scan.
Moreover number, art supreme, for them
I found, and marshalling of written signs,
Handmaid of memory, the Muses' source.
And I in traces first brute creatures yok'd,

Subject to harness, with vicarious strength
Bearing in mortals' stead their heaviest toils.
And 'neath the car rein-loving steeds I brought,
Chief ornament of wealth-abounding pomp.
And who but I the ocean-roaming wain
For mariners invented, canvass-winged?
Such cunning works for mortals I contrived,
Yet, hapless, for myself find no device
To free me from this present agony.
Chorus
Unseemly woe thou bearest. Driven astray

Flounders thy judgment, and like sorry leech
Falling distemper'd, spiritless thou art,
Nor remedies canst find thyself to cure.
PROMETHEUS
Hearken the rest, and thou wilt marvel more
What arts and what resources I devised.
This chief of all; if any one fell sick,
No help there was, diet nor liniment,
Nor healing draught; but men, for lack of drugs
Wasted away, till I to them revealed
Commixtures of assuaging remedies

Which may disorders manifold repel.
Of prophecies the various modes I fixed,
And among dreams did first discriminate
The truthful vision. Voices ominous,
Hard to interpret, I to them made known:
And way-side auguries, the flight of birds
With crooked talons, clearly I defined;
Showed by their nature which auspicious are,
And which ill-omened—taught the modes of life
Native to each, and what, among themselves

Their feuds, affections, and confederacies.
Touching the smoothness of the vital parts,
And what the hue most pleasing to the gods,
I taught them, and the mottled symmetry
Of gall and liver. Thighs encased in fat
With the long chine I burnt, and mortals guided
To a mysterious art; of fire-eyed signs,
I purged the vision, over-filmed before.
Such boons I gave; but for those other helps
To men, concealed beneath the earth which lie,
Brass, iron, silver, gold, who dares affirm

That he before me had discovered them?
No one, I know, but who would idly vaunt.
In one brief word learn thou the sum of all;
All arts to mortals from Prometheus came.
Chorus
Not now for mortals beyond measure care
Thy hapless self neglecting; since, in sooth,
Good hope have I that loosen'd from these bonds
In might thou'lt prove an equal match for Zeus.
PROMETHEUS
Not yet nor thus is it ordained that fate
These things shall compass; but by myriad pangs

And tortures bent, so shall I 'scape these bonds;
Art than necessity is weaker far.
Chorus
Then who is helmsman of necessity?
PROMETHEUS
The triform Fates and ever-mindful Furies.
Chorus
Is Zeus in might less absolute than these?
PROMETHEUS
E'en he the fore-ordain'd cannot escape.
Chorus
What is ordain'd for Zeus, save aye to reign?
PROMETHEUS
No further may'st thou question; urge me not.
Chorus
Deep mystery, methinks, thou keepest veil'd.
PROMETHEUS
526
Turn to some other theme; not meet it is

Now to discourse of this, but close to wrap
In strictest silence; for, this secret kept,
537 545 552 561 566
Unseemly bonds I 'scape and tortures keen.
IO
*
What country? What race? who is he,
This man, whom, rock-bound, I survey,
2
575
Storm-battered? What trespass hath thee
Thus doomed to destruction? Oh, say,
To what region of earth have I wandered, forlorn?
Ah me! The dire anguish! Ah me!
Again the barbed pest doth assail!
Thou phantom of Argos, * earth-born;
Avert him, O earth! Ah, I quail,

The herdsman beholding with myriad eyes.
With crafty look, onward, still onward he hies;
Not even in death is he hid 'neath the earth;
But, e'en from the shades coming back,
He hounds me, forlorn one, in anguish of dearth,
To roam by the sea-waves' salt track.
PROMETHEUS
And how not hear the maid of Inachos,
Brize-driven, who the heart of Zeus with love
Doth warm, and now in courses all too long,
Through Hera's hate, is rudely exercised?
IO
ANTISTROPHE.
Whence know'st thou to speak my sire's name?

Oh answer a wretched one's prayer;—
Ah me! the dire anguish! Woe! Woe!
Who art thou, poor wretch, who dost truly proclaim
My plague, with its phrenzying torture, that came
From Zeus and doth sting to despair?
Woe! ah woe!
With boundings, by food-craving anguish pursued,
On rushing with passionate throe,
By wrathful devices of Hera subdued,
I come. Of the wretched are any who know

Such pangs as I suffer? But now by clear sign,
Reveal what for me yet remaineth to bear;
What cure for my plague. If such knowledge be
thine,
Forthwith to the sad-roaming maiden declare.
PROMETHEUS
Plainly I'll tell thee all thou wouldest learn,
Not weaving riddles, but in simple phrase,
As meet it is with friends to ope the lips.
Prometheus seest thou, giver of fire to mortals.

IO
O common benefit On mortals risen,
Hapless Prometheus, why art suffering thus?
PROMETHEUS
Scarce have I ceased singing my dirge of woe.
IO
To me then wilt thou not vouchsafe this boon?
PROMETHEUS
Say what thy quest, for nothing will I hide.
IO
Who in this cleft, reveal, thus fastened thee?
PROMETHEUS
The will of Zeus, but 'twas Hephaestos' hand.
IO
And of what crimes dost thou the forfeit pay?
PROMETHEUS
Thus much alone to tell thee may suffice.
IO
Then further of my roamings tell the goal.

What time to me, poor outcast, yet must run?
PROMETHEUS
This not to learn were better than to learn.
IO
Yet from me hide not what I needs must suffer.
PROMETHEUS
Not chary am I of such boon to thee.
IO
Then why delayest to make known the whole?
PROMETHEUS
Nothing I grudge, but shrink to vex thy heart.
IO
Care not for me more than to me is sweet.
PROMETHEUS
Thine eager wish constrains my tongue; give ear.
Chorus
Not yet: to me my dole of pleasure deal;
Enquire we first into this maiden's plague,

Herself relating her sore-wasting fortunes.
Her residue of toil then teach us thou.
PROMETHEUS
Io, thy task it is their wish to grant,
The more so as thy father's sisters they.
Besides, fair guerdon waits on lengthened tale,
When to deplore and wail one's evil plight
Draws from the listeners the kindly tear.
IO
I know not how I can deny your wish,
So in clear word all ye desire to know
That shall ye hear;—Yet am I shamed to tell

Wherefore on me, forlorn one, burst the storm
Heaven-sent and whence this form's disfigurement.
For evermore would nightly visions haunt
My virgin chambers, gently urging me
With soothing words ;—" O damsel, highly blest,
Why longer live in maidenhood when thee
Wait loftiest nuptials? For by passion's dart
Inflamed is Zeus for thee and fain would share
The yoke of Kypris. Spurn not thou, O child,
The couch of Zeus, but to the grassy mead

Of Lerna hie thee, to thy father's herds
And cattle-stalls, that so the eye of Zeus
From longing may find respite." By such dreams
From night to night still was I visited,
Unhappy one; till, taking heart at length,
My night-born visions to my sire I told.
Then he to Pytho many a herald sent
And to Dodona; seeking to be taught
How best, by deed or word, to please the gods.
But they returned, announcing oracles

Of riddling import, vague and hard to spell.
At length to Inachos came clear response,
By voice oracular commanding him
From home and father-land to thrust me forth,
At large to range, as consecrate to heaven,
Far as earth's utmost bounds. Should he refuse,
From Zeus would come the fiery thunderbolt,
And his whole race extirpate utterly.
Then yielding to such Loxian Oracles,
He drave me forth, and barred me from his home,
Against his will and mine; but, forcefully,

The curb of Zeus constrained him this to do.
Forthwith my shape and mind distorted were,
And horned, as ye behold me, goaded on
By gad-fly, keen of fang, with frenzied bounds
I to Kerchneias' limpid current rush'd,
And fount of Lerna. Then the earth-born herdsman,
Hot-tempered Argos, ever dogged my steps,
Gazing upon me with his myriad eyes. *
But him a sudden and unlooked-for fate
Did reave of life; but I, brize-tortured, still

Before the scourge divine am driven on
From land to land; the past thou hearest; now
If thou canst tell my future toils, say on,
Nor, pity-moved, soothe me with lying tales,
For garbled words, I hold, are basest ills.
Chorus
Alas! Alas! Hold! Hold!
Never, oh never, had I thought
That words with such strange meaning fraught
Would reach mine ears,

Nor yet that sorrows, insults, fears,
3
Dreadful to hear and dreadful to behold
Would chill my soul with two-edged goad.
Ah, me!
Fate! Fate! I shudder Io's plight to see.
PROMETHEUS
Too soon thou groanest and art full of fears.
Forbear till heard the remnant of my tale.
Chorus
Speak, teach the whole. To ailing ones 'tis sweet
Clearly their coming sorrow to foreknow.
PROMETHEUS
Your former boon from me lightly ye won,
For first ye craved from Io's self to learn

The story of her toil. The rest now hearken,
What trials this young maid hath yet to bear
From Hera. Thou, too, seed of Inachos,
Cast in thy heart my words, that thou in full
May'st of thy weary travel learn the goal.
First, turning hence towards the rising sun,
Traverse uncultured wastes; so shalt thou reach
The Scythian nomads, who, 'neath wattled roofs, *
Uplifted dwell on waggons amply-wheeled,
And are accoutred with far-darting bows.

Approach not these but, skirting with thy foot
The sounding breakers, hie thee from their land.
Towards the left the iron-workers dwell,
The Chalybes, of whom thou must beware,
4
As all uncouth, of strangers ill-approached.
Hybristes' * river then—not falsely named—
Thou'lt reach; the ford, for hard it is to cross,
Attempt not until Caucasos thou gain,
Highest of mountains, from whose very brow
The river spouteth forth its might; forthwith
Its crest surmounting, neighbour to the stars,

Southward direct thy course until thou reach
The host of man-abhorring Amazons,
Who Themiscyra, near Thermodon's stream,
Shall one day people, where the cruel jaw
Of Salmydessus ‡ hems the briny sea,
Rude host to sea-men, step-dame unto ships;
These will conduct thee and right willingly;
Then the Kimmerian isthmus § thou shalt gain
Hard by the narrow portals of the lake,
Which it behoveth thee with dauntless heart
To leave, and traverse the Mæotic strait;

5 6 7
And evermore among mankind shall live
The mighty record of thy passage there,
For men from thee shall call it Bosporos.
Quitting the plain of Europe, thou shalt come
To Asia's continent.—How think ye? say,
Seems not the monarch of the gods to be
Ruthless alike in all? For he, a god,
Yearning to meet in love a mortal maid,
Upon her did impose these wanderings?
A bitter wooer hast thou found, O maid,

For wedlock bond;—for what thine ears have heard
Account not e'en the prelude to thy toils.
IO
Ah woe is me! Woe! Woe!
PROMETHEUS
Anew dost shriek and moan? What wilt thou do
When thou the remnant of thy woe hast heard?
Chorus
How, hast thou aught of sorrow yet to tell?
PROMETHEUS
Ay, sea tempestuous of all-baleful grief.
IO
What boots it then to live? Why not with speed
Hurl myself headlong from this rugged cliff,
That, dashed upon the ground, I from my woes
Respite may find? Better to die at once
Than all my days to linger out in pain.

PROMETHEUS
Ill wouldst thou bear, methinks, my agonies,
To whom it is not fore-ordained to die,
For death would be releasement from my pangs.
But through all time no limit to my woes
Is set, till Zeus from sovereignty be hurled.
IO
How! Can Zeus ever be from empire hurled?
PROMETHEUS
Thou wouldest joy, methinks, such hap to see.
IO
How should I not who suffer ill from Zeus?
English (E. D. A. Morshead, 1908) (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Morshead translation. Wikisource transcription; speech corresp and card milestones aligned to Smyth perseus-grc2.) — 1 focus
Lo, the earth's bound and limitary land,
1
The Scythian steppe, the waste untrod of men!
Look to it now, Hephaestus—thine it is,
Thy Sire obeying, this arch-thief to clench
Against the steep-down precipice of rock,
5
With stubborn links of adamantine chain.
Look thou: thy flower, the gleaming plastic fire,
He stole and lent to mortal man—a sin
That gods immortal make him rue to-day,
Lessoned hereby to own th' omnipotence
10
Of Zeus, and to repent his love to man!
Enough of useless ruth! why tarriest thou?
Why pitiest one whom all gods wholly hate,
One who to man gave o'er thy privilege?
Then shackle safe the other, that he know
His utmost craft is weaker far than Zeus.
O Sky divine, O Winds of pinions swift,
O fountain-heads of Rivers, and O thou,
95
Illimitable laughter of the Sea!
Earth, the Mighty Mother, and thou Sun,
Whose orbèd light surveyeth all—attest,
What ills I suffer from the gods, a god!
Behold me, who must here sustain
100
The marring agonies of pain,
Wrestling with torture, doomed to bear
Eternal ages, year on year!
Such and so shameful is the chain
Which Heaven's new tyrant doth ordain
105
To bind me helpless here.
Woe! for the ruthless present doom!
Woe! for the Future's teeming womb!
On what far dawn, in what dim skies,
Shall star of my deliverance rise?
110
Truce to this utterance! to its dimmest verge
I do foreknow the future, hour by hour,
Nor can whatever pang may smite me now
Smite with surprise. The destiny ordained
I must endure to the best, for well I wot
115
That none may challenge with Necessity.
Yet is it past my patience, to reveal,
Or to conceal, these issues of my doom.
Since I to mortals brought prerogatives,
Unto this durance dismal am I bound:
120
Yea, I am he who in a fennel-stalk,
By stealthy sleight, purveyed the fount of fire,
The teacher, proven thus, and arch-resource
Of every art that aideth mortal men.
Such was my sin: I earn its recompense,
125
Rock-riveted, and chained in height and cold.
[ A pause.
Listen! what breath of sound, what fragrance soft hath risen
Upward to me? is it some godlike essence,
Or being half-divine, or mortal presence?
Who to the world's end comes, unto my craggy prison?
130
Craves he the sight of pain, or what would he behold?
Gaze on a god in tortures manifold,
Heinous to Zeus, and scorned by all
Whose footsteps tread the heavenly hall,
Because too deeply, from on high,
135
I pitied man's mortality!
Hark, and again! that fluttering sound
Of wings that whirr and circle round,
And their light rustle thrills the air—
How all things that unseen draw near
140
Are to me Fear!
[ Enter the Chorus of Oceanides, in winged cars.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1854; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylos. Deutsch in den Versmaßen der Urschrift. Stuttgart: Hoffmann, 1854. Native Donner line citations, Smyth card correspondence, selected textual readings and metrical facsimiles. Remaining OCR differences and unattributed reading notes are documented in the linked review inventory.) — 1 focus
Am fernen Saum der Erde sind wir angelangt, 1
1
Im Skythenland, in menschenöder Wüstenei. 2
Dir ziemt, Hephästos, eingedenk zu sein des Amts,
Das dir der Vater zugetheilt, den Frevler hier
Hoch anzuketten an die steile Felsenwand
5
In diamant'ner Fesseln unlösbarem Nez.
Denn deine Blum', allkünstlerischen Feuers Glanz,
Hat er geraubt, der Erde Söhnen zugewandt;
Für solche Schuld denn strafen ihn die Götter nun,
Damit er fügsam ehren lernt die Herrschermacht
10
Des Zeus, und seiner Menschenlieb' Einhalt gebeut.
Auf! Was verziehst du, hegst umsonst Mitleid mit ihm?
Was zürnest du dem gottverhaften Gotte nicht,
Ihm, der des Staubes Söhnen dein Kleinod verrieth?
Nun fess'le den auch sicher an, damit er lernt,
Er sei, der Schlaue, gegen Zeus ein blinder Thor.
O heil'ger Aether und o Lüfte, schnellbeschwingt,
O Stromesquellen und der Meereswallungen
Endloses Glanzspiel! Erde, dich Allmutter, auch,
90
Dich, Helios' allsehend Auge, ruf' ich an:
Seht, was ich hier von Göttern dulden muß, ein Gott!
Schaut her, welch Leid, qualvoll, schmachvoll, 6 7
Mich martert, mit dem Jahrtausende lang
Fortkämpfen ich soll!
95
Solch schmähliche Fess'lung sann er mir aus,
Der neu sich erhob, der Unsterblichen Fürst!
Ach, ach! Um das Jetzt, um das kommende Leid
Wehklag' ich zumal. Wann wird jemals
Der Mühsale Ziel mir erscheinen?
100
Und doch - was sag' ich? Alles weiß ich klar voraus,
Was künftig sein wird; unerwartet naht sich mir
Niemals ein Leiden. Mein Verhängniß muß ich denn,
So leicht ich kann, ertragen, wohl' erkenn' ich ja,
Daß unbezwingbar deine Macht, Nothwendigkeit!
105
Doch schweigen und nicht schweigen über mein Geschick,
Unmöglich ist mir Beides. Weil ich Armer Heil
Der Erde Söhnen brachte, trag' ich dieses Joch.
Im Ferulstabe barg ich und entwandte schlau
Den Quell des Himmelsfeuers, der den Sterblichen
110
Ein Lehrer aller Künste ward, ein großer Hort.
Und solche Strafen duld' ich nun für solche Schuld,
In Banden angekettet hoch in freier Luft.
Horch, horch!
Was scholl? Welcher Duft weht von dorther unsichtbar
Mich an? Von Göttern? Menschen? Oder beider Art?
115
Kam zu dem äußersten Felsen ein Fremdling, 8
Mein Leid zu schauen? Oder was verlangt er sonst?
O seht in Fesseln mich, den unglücksel'gen Gott,
Mich, Zeus' Urfeind, der allen ein Gräul,
Den Unsterblichen, ward, soviel' im Olymp
120
Eingeh'n in Kronions Herrscherpalast,
Weil über Gebühr ich die Menschen geliebt!
Weh!
Welch Rauschen vernahm, wie von Vögeln, mir nah
Schon wieder mein Ohr? Lind flüstert die Luft
Von der Fittige leicht hinsäuselndem Schwung.
125
Was naht, mir weckt es ein Grausen.
(Von der Meerseite her schweben auf einem Flügelwagen die Töchter des Okeanos vor den Felsen des Prometheus, und singen in abwech selndem Chorliede.) Erste Strophe.

Commentary

Critical apparatus to Prometheus Bound (OCR draft) (Latin and Greek critical apparatus to Gottfried Hermann's 1852 edition of Prometheus Bound.) focus

1-6. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-1

affert scholiastes Aristophanis ad Ran. 826. et inde Suidas in v. ἐριβρεμέτας.

1. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-2

Primam fabulae scenam imitatus est Lucianus initio dialogi cui Prometheo nomen fecit, eiusque dialogi in fine alios huius fabulae locos respexit.

2. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-3

Σκύθην ἐς οἶμον: Stephanus Byz. in v. Σκύθαι affert
Σκύθην ἐς οἶμον
, quorum verborum Eustathius quoque mentionem facit ad Homerum p. 775, 1. 1339, 8. et ad Dionysii v. 69.

2. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-4

ἄβροτον εἰς ἐρημίαν: Libri omnes cum editionibus et codice E. Suidae in v. ἐριβρεμέτας praebent
ἄβατον εἰς ἐρημίαν
, nisi quod M. Rob.
ἄβατον τ εἰς ἐρημίαν
habent. Sed ceteri codices Suidae
ἄβροτον εἰς ἐρημίαν
, quod Eduardus Maltby in Thesauro Morelliano adnotavit Porsonum ex Suida, Hesychio, Eustathio, scholiasta Homeri Villoisoniano et Favorino reddendum censuisse. Vide etiam Porsoniana Kiddii p. 208. Ex his testibus solus Suidas ex hoc loco Aeschyli sumpta esse haec verba ostendit. Hesychius
ἄβροτον, ἀπάνθρωπον
. Scholiastes Homeri ad Il. XIV. 78. et in Crameri Anecd. Paris. IV. p. 19, 11.
καὶ Αἰσχύλος, ἄβροτον εἰς ἐρημίαν, δῆλον ἐν ᾗ φῶς οὐ γίνεται
. Εustathius p. 968, 44.
ἔστι δὲ ἀβρότη κατὰ μὲν τὸν κοινὸν ἐν ᾗ βροτὸς οὐ πρόεισιν· ὅθεν καὶ ἄβροτος φασὶν ἐρημία παρ' Αισχύλῳ
. Non ergo ipse hoc legit in Prometheo: Favorinus
ἔστι δὲ ἀβρότη κατὰ μὲν τὸν κοινὸν ἐν ᾗ βροτὸς οὐ πρόεισιν· Αἰσχύλος, ἄβροτον εἰς ἐρημίαν
. Verum esse puto, quod dubitanter suspicabatur Buttmannus in Lexilogo I. p. 135. Aeschylo
ἀβρότην νύκτα
Homeri visam esse in qua homines non exirent. Vix enim quisquam ausus esset hoc significatu hoc vocabulum usurpare, nisi id Homerum fecisse ab ludi magistris fuisset acceptum. Similem errorem notabimus ad v. 64.

3. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-5

NA: Respicit haec Eustathius p. 29, 14. 312, 16. 829, 56. Hesychius in v. ἐπιστολαί, Thomas M. p. 121, 6.

3. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-6

μέλειν:
μέλλειν
G. Lips. aliique codices, idque ante rasuram erat in M.

3. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-7

ἐπιστολὰς:
ἐπιστολὰς
Μ.
ἐπιτολὰς
G. Lips. Aug. (sed hic corr.) et reliqui fere codices.

4-5. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-8

λεωργὸν: Afferunt
τόνδε πρὸς πέτραις ὑψηλοκρήμνοις τὸν λεωργὸν ὀχμάσαι
Suidas et Favorinus in v.
λεωργός
. Respiciunt Etym. Μ. p. 563, 10. Hesychius in v.
λεωργόν
. Huius vocabuli, de quo multa congessit Barkerus ad Etym. M. p. 1100. seqq. perineptas explicationes excogitarunt grammatici, quarum una haec est, ut
λέως
pro
τελέως
dictum fuerit. Quid mihi videretur significavi ad Soph. Antig. 1261.

6. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-9

ἀδαμαντίνων δεσμῶν ἐν ἀρρήκτοις πέδαις: Mirifice variant libri, fere
ἀδαμαντίνοις πέδῃσιν ἀρρήκτοις πέτραις
vel similia exhibentes. Illud est in G. nisi quod erasum
πέτραις
et
λέγω
superscriptum.
ἀδαμαντίναις
(
ἀδαμαντίνοις
Lips.)
πέδαισιν ἐν ἀρρηκτοις πέτραις
Lips. Aug.
αδαμαντίναις πέδησιν ἐν ἀρρήκτοις πέτραις
Μ. Recte vero Canterus reposuit scripturam scholiastae Aristophanis ad Ran. 826. et Suidae in v. ἐπιβρεμέτας.

7. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-10

NA: Respexerunt Eustathius p. 748, 46. 1597, 62. Tzetzes ad Hesiodi O. et D. 60.

8. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-11

ὤπασεν:
ώπασε
G. Lips.

8. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-12

τοιᾶςδέ τοι:
τοις δέ τοι
G.

12. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-13

Κράτος Βία τε: Κράτος et Βία, Stygis et Pallantis proles, ex Hesiodi Theog. 385. seqq. sumpta. Ex Aeschylo sumpsit Callimachus, in cuius h. Iov. 67. Jovi ministri assident.

12. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-14

σφῷν:
σφωϊν
M. Lips.
σφῶν
G.
σφῶν
Brunckius.

13. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-15

κοὐδὲν ἐμποδὼν ἔτι: Libri
κοὐδὲν ἐμποδὼν
(
ἐμποδῶν
Μ.)
ἔτι
, praeter G. in quo est
κοὐδὲν ἐμποδὼν μάτην ἔτι
, et Paris. C. in quo
κοὐδὲν ἐμποδὼν μάτην
, superscripto
ἔτι
. Pro
ἔτι
, si Fachsium p. 68. recte interpretor, in Paris. B. est
ἐνί
. In scholiastarum interpretationibus nullum voculae
ἔτι
vestigium, quorum qui scripsit
ἐμπόδιον ἐν τούτῳ, ἐν τῷ πληρωθῆναι
, videtur
ἐνί
legisse. Rectius in M.
καὶ οὐδὲν ἐμποδὼν ἐστι τοῦ γενέσθαι
, et in Lips.
καὶ ἐμπόδιον τοῦ πληρωθῆναι
. Hinc nescio an scripserit Aeschylus
κοὐδὲν ἐμποδὼν ἄνῃ
. Sic etiam v. 72. in codice uno Vindobonensium
ἔτι
pro
ἄγαν
positum est.

15. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-16

πρὸς δυςχειμέρῳ:
πρὸς τῆι δυσχειμέρωι
Μ.
πρὸς τῇ δυσχειμέρῳ
Rob.

16. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-17

NA: Hic versus omissus in Lips. in Aug. autem ab recentiore manu in margine additus. Eo in codice est
μή
pro
μοι
,
ει τόλμης
, superscripto
α
.

16. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-18

σχεθεῖν: Libri
σχέθειν
. Elmsleius
σχεθεῖν
.

17. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-19

ἐξωριάζειν: Libri
ἐξωριάζειν
, quod verbum alibi non inventum Porsono auctore quidam cum
εὐωριάζειν
commutarunt. Photius
εὐωριάζειν, ἀφροντιστεῖν, κατὰ ἀντίφρασιν· ὥρα γὰρ ἡ φροντίς
. Hesychius
εὐωριάζειν, ὀλιγωρεῖν, μὴ ἔχειν φροντίδα, παρακούειν
. Idem
εὔωρος γάμος· Σοφοκλῆς Ἔριδι· ὥριος ἢ ὀλίγωρος. οὕτω γὰρ λέγουσι κατ' ἀντίφρασιν, ὡς ὁ αὐτὸς ἐν Σκυρίαις χρῆται τῷ εὐωριάζειν
. Valde probabilis sane coniectura, sed tamen ut non vincat falsum esse
ἐξωριάζειν
, quod doctiores Aeschyli scholiastarum ita interpretantur,
ἔξω ὥρας καὶ φροντίδος ποιεῖσθαι, ἔξω ὥρας τιθέναι καὶ ἀφροντιστεῖν, ἔξω φροντίδος ποιεῖν, ἀπορρίπτειν
.

18. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-20

αἰπυμῆτα:
αἰπομήτα
G. Mira vis est huius allocutionis, quae paucissimis, sed aptissimis verbis simul et iustam esse Promethei caussam honorifica compellatione declarat et lenissima cum reprehensione laudat animi magnitudinem.

19. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-21

ἄκοντά σ' ἄκων:
ἄκοντ᾽ ἄκων σε
G. aliique nonnulli codices et Rob. Sed in G. prima manus iustum ordinem restituit.

19. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-22

χαλκεύμασιν: Libri
χαλκεύμασι
.

20. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-23

προςπασσαλεύσω:
προσπαταλεύσω
G.
προσπασαλεύσω
Lips.

20. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-24

πάγῳ:
τόπωι
pro
πάγῳ
M. Rob.

21. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-25

βροτῶν: G. et multi alii codices
θεῶν
. Quod etsi habet quo defendi possit, tamen
τῷδ᾽ ἀπανθρώπῳ πάγῳ
ostendit verum esse
βροτῶν
, quod M. Lips. Aug. habent.

21. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-26

μορφὴν βροτῶν:
μορφὴν βρωτῶν
Αld.
βροτῶν μορφὴν
Rob. Eximia arte cumulavit poeta infinitam mali magnitudinem. Ferreis vinculis ad saxa affixus vacuo hominibus in loco, neminis cuiusquam alloquio aut adspectu fruens, interdiu solis flamma tostus, noctu ex pruinis tremens, ab die levamen nocturni mali, diurni ab nocte expetens, semper dolore doloris alius vicario cruciatus, nullum habiturus liberatorem, eodem immobilis statu, somni expers, numquam fessa stando flexurus genua haeret in rupibus ille qui genus humanum affecit beneficiis.

22. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-27

σταθευτὸς: Memorant schol. Wassenbergh. ad Il. I. 47. ubi male scriptum est
ηλίου φοιβοῦ φλογί
, Eustathius p. 38, 3. 40, 36. 1266, 46. 1446, 32. Thomas M. p. 333, 29. Hesychius
σταθευτός, πεφλογισμένος ἠρέμα
.

22. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-28

φοίβῃ:
φοιβή
M. a pr. manu.

23. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-29

χροιᾶς:
χροιᾶς δ'
Lips. Aug.

24. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-30

ποικιλείμων:
ποικοιλείμων
G. Tangitur
ποικιλείμων
ab Eustathio p. 814, 23.

26. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-31

ἀεὶ:
αἰεὶ
G.

27. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-32

λωφήσων: Thomas M. p. 226, 12.
λοφήσων
G. Rob.

28. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-33

ἐπηύρω:
ἐπηύρω
Μ.
ἀπηύρω
G. Lips. Aug. Eustathius p. 675, 49. schol. ad II. VII. 190. in Crameri Anecd. Paris. III. p. 226, 31. Defendit
ἀπηύρω
Abreschius in Misc. Obs. VIII. p. 341. Elmsleius veram scripturam
ἐπηύρου
esse putabat, quod altera
forma
Attici non videantur usi esse. Aeschylum tamen ego hoc loco credam
ἐπηύρω
scripsisse, ne quater vocabula in
ου
terminarentur.

32. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-34

NA: Cram. Anecd. Paris. IV. p. 14, 4.

34. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-35

φθέγξει: Libri
φθέγξηι
.

36. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-36

κατοικτίζεις:
κατοικτίζῃ
G.
κατοικτίζη
Μ.
κατοικτίζεις
Lips. Aug.

40. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-37

σύμφημ':
σύμφημι
Lips. plene, ut si
ἀνηκουστεῖν
sequeretur. Ceteri libri
σύμφημ
.

42. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-38

ἀεί γε δὴ:
αἰεί τε δὴ νηλής
Μ. cum aliis.
αἰεί τοι νηλὴς
G.
αἰεί τοι δὴ νηλὴς
Lips. Aug.
αἰεί τι δὴ νηλής
alii.
αἰεί τει δὴ νηλὴς
Rob.
γε
praebuit Vind. 3. Porsono aliisque merito probatum.

43. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-39

τόνδε:
τῷδε
M. a pr. manu,

44. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-40

NA: Stobaeus LVIII. 6. Clemens Alex. Strom. V. p. 234. (399.) Theodoretus c. Graec. IV. p. 531. C. Georgides in Boissonadii Anecd. I. p. 85. apud quem
τὰ
pro
τὸ
legitur.

45. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-41

χειρωναξία:
χειρῶν ἀξία
Lips.
χειροναξία
G. Phrynichus in Bekkeri Anecd. p. 72, 14.
χειρωναξία· πολὺ μὲν τὸ χειρῶναξ, τὸ δ᾽ ἔργον οὐχ οὕτως, κἂν Αισχύλος δόκιμον ποιῇ τὴν φωνήν
.

48. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-42

ἔμπας:
ἔμπης
G.

48. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-43

ὤφελεν:
ὤφειλε
G. Lips. Aug.
ὤφελεν
Μ.

49. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-44

ἐπαχθῆ: Libri
ἐπαχθές
, quod quocumque modo explicetur, ineptam et ne recte quidem enuntiatam sententiam praebet, quia perfecto opus erat. Stanlei emendationem
ἐπαχθῆ
meo monitu recepit Blomfieldius. Coniecit hoc etiam Briggsius ad Theocr. I. 101.

49. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-45

θεοῖσι:
θεοῖς
Lips. Aug.

51. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-46

ἔγνωκα τοῖςδε: Interpungebatur
ἔγνωκα, τοῖςδε κοὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν ἔχω
. Frustra haec alii defendere, alii corrigere conati sunt: de qua re accurate disputavit Mauricius Hauptius in Obs. crit. p. 57. Recte Bothius
ἔγνωκα τοῖςδε
coniunxit.

52. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-47

ἐπείξει δεσμὰ τῷδε:
ἐπείξηι τῶνδε
(
τῷδε
G.)
δεσμὰ
Μ. G. et alii libri.
ἐπείξῃ δεσμὰ τῷδε
Lips. Aug. aliique. Haec melior verborum collocatio.

53. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-48

ἐλινύοντα:
ἐλινύοντα
M. G.
ἐλιννύοντα
Lips. Aug.

54. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-49

ψάλια:
ψάλια
M. Lips. Aug.
ψέλια
G.

55. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-50

νιν: Scholiastae
νιν
interpretantur et
αὐτά
et
αὐτόν
. Prior interpretatio vera videtur.

59. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-51

πόρον: "
πόρον
Synes. Epist. 147. p. 288. A. sed
πόρους
Aristoph. Eq. 756. et schol. Marcellin. in Vit. Thuc. p. 2. 1. 9. Dionys. Halicarn, A. R. VII. 36. p. 1390. ed. Reisk." Haec adnotavit R. Porsonus, persuasitque Blomfieldio aliisque. Apud Aeschylum
πόρον
M. Lips. Aug. et plerique libri.
τρόπων
G.
τρόπον
Cant. 1. γρ.
τρόπον
Arund.
πόρους
nullus. Prudenter Scholefieldius vix satis vel caussae esse vel auctoritatis habere scholiastam Aristophanis et Marcellinum censuit, ut
πόρους
probaretur. Operae pretium est videre, quam leviter de testibus istis sit iudicatum. Solus scholiastes Aristophanis versum Aeschyli affert, habetque
πόρους
. At hic quam facili errore pluralem ponere potuerit, verba Aristophanis ostendunt,
ποικίλος γὰρ ἀνὴρ κἀκ τῶν ἀμηχάνων πόρους εὐμηχάνους πορίζων
. Aristophanem autem quo argumento, si Aeschyli versum in mente habuit,
πόρους
legisse iudicavit Porsonus, quum ille per metrum non potuerit
πόρον
ponere? Quid autem Marcelinus? De Thracibus et Dolopibus,
καταφεύγουσιν ἐπὶ τὰ χρηστήρια, εἰδότες ὅτι μόνος ὁ θεὸς ἐξ ἀμηχάνων εὑρίσκει πόρους. θεῶν γὰρ ἰσχὺς καὶ κατ' Αισχύλον ὑπερτέρα
. Vt hic Aeschyli versum respexerit, quid impedit credere eum memoriae errore
πόρους
scripsisse? Denique quid Dionysius ?
δεινὸς ἀνὴρ τά τ' ἄλλα καὶ πόρους εὑρεῖν ἐν ἀπόροις
. Non magis profecto hic de Aeschylo cogitavit quam multi ali qui similia saepe dixerunt: quorum satis magnum numerum congessit Blomfieldins. Huic quidem etiam in eo assentiri nequeo, quod in Callistrati Imag. I. p. 145, 24.
πόρους
scribi voluit, ubi rectissime legi
ἀσθματος ἔνδειξιν, ἐγειρομένην οἴκοθεν ἐκ τῶν ἀμηχάνων πόρων
apparet ex cap. 9. p. 157, 6. Nec defendendo apud Aeschylum plurali prodest quod pluralem in simili sententia posuit,
δεινοὶ πλέκειν τοι μηχανὰς Αιγύπτιοι
(fr. 351): nam id quivis fecisset. Nec respexit Aeschyli versum Plato, quum in Symposio p. 203. D. de Amore scripsit
θηρευτής δεινός, ἀεί τινας πλέκων μηχανὰς καὶ πόριμος
. Nec mirandum quod apud Alciphronem L. S. p. 30. nemo correxerit
πόρους ἐξ ἀπόρων
. Nam mirandum potius esset, si id fecisset quisquam. Etenim ibi homo, qui sua omnia
ἄπορα
esse dixit, uxori scribit invitatum se a piratis ad ineundam societatem esse:
οὗτοί με κοινωνὸν ἐθέλουσι λαβεῖν τοῦ τολμήματος, πόρους ἐκ πόρων εὐμεγέθεις ὑπισχνούμενοι
. Neque ulla caussa erat cur mallet in Aristarchi versibus apud Stobaeum LXII. 9.
πόρους
scribi,
οὗτος γὰρ ὁ θεὸς καὶ τὸν ἀσθενῆ σθένειν τίθησι καὶ τὸν ἄπορον εὑρίσκειν πόρον
. Denique si putavit Vrsinum ad Virgilii Eel. V. 1.
πόρους
in Aeschyli versu ex MSS. posuisse, quid prohibet credere versum ex scholiasta Aristophanis ab Vrsino esse adscriptum?

60. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-52

ἄραρεν:
ἄφησεν
legitur apud Ioannem Diaconum ad Hesiodi Scutum ν. 271.

60. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-53

δυςεκλύτως:
δυσεκβλήτως
G.
δυσεκλείτως
ante correctionem Lips.
δυσκωλύτως
legitur in scholiis Baroccianis ad Soph. Εl. 147.
δυςεκχύτως
in Crameri Anecd. Par. IV. p. 262, 24.

62. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-54

μάθῃ:
μάθοι
Lips. Aug.

64-65. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-55

NA: Schol. Aristoph. Ran. 826. Suidas in v. ἐπιβρεμέτας. Sumpsit haee Aeschylus ex Hesiodi Theog. 521.
δῆσε δ᾽ ἀλυκτοπέδῃσι Προμηθέα ποικιλόβουλον δεσμοῖς ἀργαλέοισι, μέσον διὰ κίον ἐλάσσας
. Quae sic videtur interpretatus esse, ut cuneum per medium Prometheum putaverit adactum esse. Idque iteravit in Soluto Prometheo, ut ex his a Cicerone in Latinum sermonem translatis versibus cognoscitur,
hos ille cuneos fabrica crudeli inserens perrupit artus, qua miser sollertia transverberatus castrum hoc Furiarum incolo
. At Hesiodus verba sua ita intelligi voluit,
τὰ δεσμὰ διὰ μέσον κίονα ἐλάσσας
, in media columna, ad quam alligatus fuerit Prometheus, affixas esse manicas. Sanguinis ex vulnere profluentis quod mentio non facta sit, Schützius hanc fuisse caussam putabat, quod secundum Homerum Il. V. 340.
ἰχώρ
diis pro sanguine esset. Mihi hic nihil caussae fuisse videtur, ut de sanguine aliquid adderetur. Nec tamen idcirco contenderim non esse sanguinem oculis spectatorum ostensum. Certe eius mentio facta est in Soluto Prometheo, ubi Prometheus dicebat
pinnala cauda nostrum adulans sanguinem
.

66. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-56

αἰαῖ:
αι αι
M. G. Lips.
αῖ αῖ
Aug. et edd. vett.

66. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-57

σῶν ὑπὲρ στένω: Libri
ὑπερστένω
, nisi quod Paris. Ε.
ὑπὲρ στέρνω
habet. Bothius
ὑπὲρ στένω
, quod congruit cum sequentibus.

67. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-58

σὺ δ᾽ αὖ:
σὺ δ' οὖν
Rob. et pauci libri.

67. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-59

τῶν Διός τ' ἐχθρῶν:
τὸν διός τ' ἐχθρὸν
Lips. Aug.

67. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-60

ὕπερ:
ἅπερ
Μ. G.
ὑπερστένεις
, omisso
στένεις
in principio sequentis versus, Lips. Aug.

68. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-61

NA: Thomas M. p. 235, 6.

68. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-62

οἰκτιεῖς:
οἰκτιῆς
G.

68. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-63

NA:
σκόπει
in fine versus addunt Lips. Aug. non G. Scilicet in M. in margine adscriptum
λείπει σκόπει
.

69. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-64

NA: Signum interrogandi, quod repertum a se scribit Stephanus, habet in fine versus G. et ut videtur M. Recte fortasse.

70. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-65

τῶνδε:
τόνδε
Μ. a pr. manu.

71. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-66

μασχαλιστῆρας:
πλευρὰς μασχαλίστρας
G. Meminit ex hoc loco
μασχαλιστῆρας
Thomas M. p. 236, 11. Describit
μασχαλιστῆρας
Pollux I. 147.

72. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-67

ἐγκέλευ' ἄγαν:
ἐγκέλευ' ἔτι
, et in margine
γρ. ἄγαν
, Vind. 3.

73. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-68

γε πρός:
δε
pro
γε
G. et alii.
σε
Rob. et libri nonnulli.
γέ σε
Ven. 2.
πρός
omittunt Lips. Aug.

74. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-69

κίρκωσον:
κίρκωσον
Μ. qui in margine
ἀντὶ τοῦ κρίκωσον
habet.
κρίκωσον
G. Lips. Aug. et plerique libri.

75. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-70

πόνῳ:
χρόνῳ
pro
πόνῳ
Rob. et pauci codices.

76. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-71

θεῖνε:
θεῖνε
Lips. Aug.

76. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-72

διατόρους:
Διάτορος
fere active dicitur. Scholiastes
τὰς διατειρούσας καὶ τιτρωσκούσας, ἢ διατετορευμένας
. Prior interpretatio aperte inepta est. Dicuntur compedes perforatae, non quod annulorum instar crura amplectantur, sed quod foramina habent, per quae clavi adacti eas saxis affigant.

76. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-73

πέδας:
πόδας
Lips. Aug. Rob.

77. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-74

NA: Eustathius p. 1629, 11. 1827, 46.

77. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-75

οὑπιτιμητής γε:
οϋπιτιμήσγε
, ab alia manu ultimis syllabis in
τήςγε
mutatis, M.
οϋπιτιμητής δε
G.

78. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-76

γηρύεται:
γαρύεται
G. et pauci alii codices.

79-80. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-77

NA: Eumathius p. 225. apud quem
μαλακίζου
et
αὐθαδείαν
legitur.

80. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-78

ὀργῆς τε:
ὀργήν τε
G.

80. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-79

τραχύτητα:
βαρύτητα
G.
θρασύτητα
Eumathius, Lips. Aug. et alii codices.

80. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-80

μὴ 'πίπλησσέ μοι:
μὴ πίπλασσέ μοι
, ad
α
superscripto
η
, Lips.

81. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-81

κώλοισιν:
κώλοισι
, ad
ω
superscripto
ο
, Lips.

83. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-82

ἐφημέροισι:
ἐφημερίοισι
G.

83. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-83

προςτίθει: Dubitabat Blomfieldius an
προςτίθη
scribendum esset, quod in Etym. M. p. 478, 10. doceatur tertias imperfecti personas fieri secundas imperativi,
τίθη, πίμπλη
,

84. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-84

ἀπαντλῆσαι:
ἀπαντλῆσαι
M. G. Lips. Aug.
ἀπαλλάξαι
pauci codices.

86. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-85

δεῖ:
δεῖν
G.

86. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-86

αὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ Προμηθέως: Affert
αὐτόν σε δεῖ προμηθέως
Eustathius p. 1497, 42. Scholiastes Pindari ad Pyth. V. 35.
διὸ καὶ τοὔνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ προμαθεῖν ἔσχε. καὶ Σοφοκλῆς δὲ ἐν τῷ Προμηθεῖ “τοῦ Προμηθέως”, θέλων λέγειν τῆς φρονήσεως ἀντέχεσθαι καὶ μὴ τῆς μεταμελείας
. Quae verba Boeckhius in libro quem de tragicis Graecis scripsit p. 121. recte videtur ad hunc Aeschyli versum rettulisse, negans ab Sophocle scriptum esse Prometheum. Alioqui non legeremus quae de Aeschyli Prometheo praefati sunt antiqui interpretes,
κεῖται ἡ μυθοποιΐα ἐν παρεκβάσει παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ ἐν Κόλχοις, παρὰ δ᾽ Ευριπίδῃ ὅλως οὐ κεῖται
. Falluntur ergo, qui, ut Valckerus in Mythologia Iapetidarum p. 19. Prometheum ab Sophocle scriptum credunt. Vt apud Aeschylum, ita etiam apud Pindarum Ol. VII. 80.
Προμαθέος αιδώς
dictum esse ostendit Pyth. V. 35.
Ἐπιμαθέος θυγατήρ Πρόφασις
.

87. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-87

ἐκκυλισθήσει: Libri
ἐκκυλισθήσῃ
.

87. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-88

τέχνης:
τέχνης
M. G. Lips. Aug. et plurimi codices. γρ.
τύχης
supra adscriptum in Lips.
τύχης
Rob. et libri nonnulli. In M. ad
τέχνης
adscriptum
τῶν δεσμῶν
.

88. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-89

δῖος:
ὦ διός
M. G. Lips. Aug. Rob.
ὦ δῖος
Victorius.

88. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-90

ταχύπτεροι:
ταχύτεροι
G.

90. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-91

NA: Respexisse videtur Pollux VI. 201. V. Petiti Misc. Obs. II. 18.

90. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-92

παμμῆτόρ:
παμμήτωρ
Μ.

91. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-93

κύκλον ἡλίου:
ἡλίου κύκλον
G.

92. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-94

ἴδεσθέ μ', οἷα:
ίδεσθ᾽ οἷα
Lips. Aug.

93. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-95

δέρκεσθε, οἵαις αἰκίαισιν:
δέρ χθηθ' οἵαις αικίαισι
M. erasis post
δέρ
aliquot litteris.
δέρχθηθ' οἵαις ἀνίαισιν
(
ἀνίαισι
Aug. Rob.) G. Lips. Aug. Rob. Ad
οἵαις
in Lips. supra adscriptum γρ.
αναῖς
. Plerique libri
αἰκίαισι
habere videntur, ut Ald. Turn. Blomfieldius secundum Elmsleii praeceptum ad Med. 608. nota X.
αἰκείαισιν
scripsit. Eximia arte Aeschylus fecit Prometheum, tandem, postquam solus est neque audiri potest a feroci irrisore, quo praesente contemptim tacuerat, rumpere silentium, initio quidem adhuc constricto magnitudine mali pectore aegre et tardioribus numeris caelum terramque testes iniuriae appellare, mox autem libero impetu indignationem citatis anapaestis effundere, paullo post vero dignitatis suae memorem quieto tranquilloque animo sese conscientia recte factorum consolari.

94. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-96

μυριετῆ:
μυριέτη
Lips. Scholiastes
πολυετῆ· ἐν γὰρ τῷ πυρφόρω τρεῖς μυριάδας φησὶ δεδέσθαι αὐτόν
. Hyginus Poet. astr. II. 15.
Prometheum autem in monte Scythiae nomine Caucaso ferrea catena vinxit: quem alligatum ad triginta milia annorum Aeschylus tragoediarum scriptor ait
. Id si Aeschylus
τριςμύρια ἔτη
dixit, videri potest usitata formula nihil nisi ingentem numerum significasse. Ideo tamen hic
μυριετῆ χρόνον
non eam vim quam
πολυετῆ
, sed paullo maiorem habet, numero annis addito quasi vivam imaginem immensi spatii animo offerens.

95. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-97

ἀθλεύσω:
ἀθλεύσω
G. Rob. et alii libri.

98. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-98

αἰαῖ:
φεῦ φεῦ
M. G. et aliquot alii codices.
αι αι
Lips. Aug. atque alii.
αἳ αἳ
Rob. Qui cum Porsono
φεῦ φεῦ
praetulerunt, videntur id hiatus vitandi caussa fecisse. At is in interiectionibus legitimus est. Aptius hic videtur
αἰαῖ
, solentque id glossatores
φεῦ φεῦ
interpretari.

99. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-99

πῇ:
πῆι
M. G. Lips. Aug. multique alii codices et Rob.
πῆ
Ald.
πῇ
a recte editum inde a Turnebo.

100. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-100

τέρματα:
τέρματα
M. Ita recte Turnebus. Fuerunt qui hoc corrigendo orationem enervarent.
τέρμα
G. Lips. Aug. Rob. et reliqui ut videtur libri. In edd. vett. coli signo vel puncto post
στενάχω
distinguitur, non posito signo interrogandi post
ἐπιτεῖλαι
, quod placuit fere recentioribus. At multo gravior hic obliqua oratio est. Sic etiam v. 183. ss.

102. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-101

σκεθρῶς:
σκοθρῶς
M. a pr. manu.
τορῶς
nonnulli codices.

102. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-102

τὰ μέλλοντ', οὐδέ μοι:
τὰ μέλλοντα οὐδ᾽ ἐμοὶ
G.

103. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-103

πῆμ' οὐδὲν:
πῆμα οὐδὲν
G.

104. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-104

γιγνώσκονθ᾽:
γιγνώσκονθ'
Μ. Reliqui
γινώσκονθ'
.

105. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-105

NA: Moschopulus in Agapetum apud Fabricium Bibl. Gr. vol. XII. p. 306. sive ed. Harl. vol. VIII. p. 41. Theodorus Hyrtacenus Epist. S. et 43.

105. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-106

ἀδήριτον:
ἀδήρητον
Lips. Aug.

108. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-107

πορὼν:
πορῶν
M. Lips.
πορών
G. Aug.

108. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-108

ἐνέζευγμαι:
ἐνέζευγμαι
M. G. aliique codices.
ἐζευγμαι
Aug. Lips. et plerique codices.
ὑπέζευγμαι
edd. vett.

109. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-109

NA: Hesychius in v.
ναρθηκοπλήρωτες
. Schol. Ambrosianus ad Od. v. 490.

110. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-110

πηγὴν:
πηγήν
scriptum est apud Hesychium.
παγήν
, superscripto
η
, Lips.

111. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-111

πάσης:
πάσης
M. G. Lips. Aug. et plerique codices.
πᾶσι
nonnulli codices et Ald. Rob.

111. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-112

πέφηνε:
πέφηνε
M, G. Lips. Aug. et ceteri ut videtur codices.
πέφυκε
editiones veteres.

112. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-113

τοιάςδε:
τοιᾶς δε
G. Ceteri
τοιάσδε
. Quod Stanleius coniecerat non satis perspecto usu Graecorum,
τοιώνδε
, quattuor codices Vindobonenses habere dicit Schützius, testis valde suspectus.

113. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-114

πασσαλευτὸς ὤν:
πασσαλευτός
, omisso
ὤν
, G. Lips. Aug. et plerique codices.
πασσαλευμένος
Μ. et alii codices,
πασσαλευόμενος
Cantabr. 2.
δεσμοῖσι πεπασσαλευμένος
Rob.
πασσαλευτὸς ὢν
receptum inde a Turnebo.

114-115. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-115

NA: In Lips.
ἔα. ἔα. ἔα. ἔα. τίς ἀχώ. τίς ὀδμά
. ab alia, ut videtur, manu in fine praecedentis versus post
πασσαλευτός
addita sunt, omissis
προσέπτα μ' ἀφεγγὴς θεόσυτος
. Eadem omissa in Aug. in quo priora sic scripta sunt,
ἔα. ἔα. ἔα. τίς ἀχώ. τίς ὀδμά
. Recte scholiastae
ἐκπλήξεως ἐπιρρήματα. ἐπιρρήματα ἐκπληκτικά
. Quorum
ἔα ἔα
rei subitae mirationem,
ἔα ἔα
quid secuturum sit exspectationem significat. Vehementer commoveri Prometheum, ubi illa in solitudine aliquem ad se accedere sentit, per se patet. Itaque hic unicus est in hac tragoedia locus, in quo Prometheum pauca videmus liberioribus numeris exclamare. In ceteris quae loquitur omnibus summam servat gravitatem, aut iambis, aut, quum indignatione corripitur, anapaestis utens,

115. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-116

NA: Quis credat quaesitum esse quid oluerint Oceanides? Ambrosiam spirare putabat Schützius, odorem qualis esset deorum marinorum Jacobsius in Museo Attico vol. III. p. 403. Neutrum qualis sit intelligas. Ambrosium enim ipsum nomen non mortalium, sed deorum esse indicat: hic vero qui est? Non magis dicas quid dii marini redoleant, nisi valde diversum ab eo quod
νέποδες καλῆς ἁλοσύδνης
apud Homerum. Satis est meminisse, qui vitam sub dio agant, sensibus uti acrioribus, eoque facile vel levi aurae motu adventum alicuius percipere naribus.

116. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-117

θεόσυτος:
θεόσυτος
M. G. et reliqui, ut videtur, libri praeter Arundelanium, ex quo
θεόσυτος
Stanleius restituit.

116. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-118

κεκραμένη:
κεκραμμένη
ante rasuram M.

117. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-119

ἐπὶ πάγον: Constat hic versus ex dochmio et Cretico.
ἐπίπαγον
Lips.

118. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-120

ἐμῶν θεωρός:
ἡμῶν θεωρός
, cum rasura ante
ός
, Μ.

119. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-121

θεόν:
θεὸν
superscripto
ὢν
Lips.
θεῶν
Aug.

122. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-122

εἰςοιχνεῦσιν:
εἰσοιχνεῦσιν
Μ.
εἰσοιχνεῦσι
alii.
εἰσιχνεῦσιν
Lips. Aug.
εἰσιχνεῦσι
G. et alii. Eustathius p. 1483, 39.
ὅσοι τὴν Διὸς αὐλὴν οἰχνεῦσι
.

123. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-123

βροτῶν:
τῶν βροτῶν
codices nonnulli et Ald. Rob.
τὸν
solum G.

124. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-124

φεῦ φεῦ:
αἳ αἳ
Vind. 2. 4. Ask. A.
φεῦ φεῦ
ceteri libri, quod hic, ubi stupet potius quam dolet Prometheus, recte se habet.

124. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-125

κινάθισμα:
κινάθισμα
memorat Hesychius.

125. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-126

ἐλαφραῖς:
ἐλαφρᾶς
Μ.

English commentary on Prometheus Bound (OCR draft) (N. Wecklein, translated by F. D. Allen. Ginn & Company, 1893; compared with the 1891 printing. Printed commentary pages 31–144. Provisional alignment and unresolved OCR are visibly flagged.) focus

1-127. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-1

1
2
1-127: Prologue (πρόλογος).

1-87. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-2

3
4
1-87: First Scene. Cratos and Bia, dragging the figure representing Prometheus, enter on the left; He- phaestus with smith's tools accompa- nies them.

1. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-3

5
6
1. χθονὸς πέδον : poetical periphra- sis for χθόνα. Cp. Suppl. 260 χώρας ᾿Απίας πέδον, 662 πέδον γᾶς, Pers. 488 γῆς ᾿Αχαιίδος πέδον. In such expres- sions, the adjective does not agree with the genitive, but with the sub- stantive which makes the periphrasis, because this substantive forms one idea with the genitive. See below, 91, 110, 823; also Sept. 304 ποῖον δ᾽ ἀμείψεσθε γαίας πέδον, Εum. 292 χώ- ρας ἐν τόποις Λιβυστικοῖς, 326 ματρῷον ἅγνισμα κύριον φόνου, 718 πρωτοκτό- νοισι προστροπαῖς ᾿Ιξίονος. – μέν : an- swered by σοὶ δέ in 3; the first part of the task (bringing Prometheus to the spot) is contrasted with the sec- ond part (nailing him to the rock). "We have done our duty, and here we are (ἥκομεν), now you must do yours." - τηλουρόν: this accent is expressly attested by the gramma- rian Arcadius περὶ τόνων, p. 73, 6. τηλουρός is formed from τηλοῦ as πο- νηρός from πόνος. Others derive the word from τῆλε and ὅρος (οὗρος) boun- dary, so that it means cuius ter- mini procul sunt; or from τῆλε and oὗρον space (cp. Curtius Etym.5 p. 346); but these derivations would require the accent τήλουρος.

2. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-4

7
8
2. Σκύθην: here used adjectively, as in 417. So Sept. 817 Σκύθῃ σιδήρῳ, Eur. Rhes. 426 Σκύθης λέως, Martial iv. 28, 4 Scythas zmaragdos. Cp. also 805; Ag. 109 Ἑλλάδος ἥβας, Prom. Solut. Frg. Χ. 9 below Λίγυν στρα- τόν, Frg. 322 Κουρῆτα λαόν. See also note on 761 below. - οἶμον : originally road, then strip, tract; cp. Il. xi. 24 τοῦ δ᾽ (sc. θώρηκος) ἤτοι δέκα οἶμοι ἔσαν μέλανος κυάνοιο, ten stripes of blue steel. – ἄβροτον: ἀπάνθρωπον, Hesych. Hermann, following Buttmann Lexil. I. p. 136, thinks this use of ἄβροτος a blunder, due to a misinterpretation of the Homeric νὺξ ἀβρότη (Il. xiv. 78), which was wrongly explained by some of the ancients as the time "when mortals are not abroad," καθ' ἣν βροτοὶ οὐ φοιτῶσιν, whereas it is really an equivalent of νὺξ ἄμβροτος (Od. xi. 330), νὺξ ἀμβροσίη. But this is not necessary. As ἄνανδρος means both unmanly and destitute of men, ἀπάνθρωπος both inhuman and deserted of mankind, so ἄβροτος means immortal and void of mortals. - Similar resolu-
tions in the third foot occur eight times in this play. The tribrach in the first foot always consists of a sin- gle word (see on 116); but in the second and fifth, and still more in the third and fourth feet, the first short of the tribrach is usually the final syllable of a word, or a monosyllabic particle closely connected with the preceding word (τέ 351, γέ 746, δέ 993). In the third foot, the caesura thus made is followed, in six of the examples, by a word consisting of three short syllables; in the other two cases a proper name of four syllables follows (Κιλικίων 351, Ιόνιος 840). The repetition of the prep- osition gives to Σκύθην οἶμον and ἄβρο- τον ἐρημίαν, which otherwise would be close appositives, more the air of two separate statements. See Krüg. I. § 57, 10, 4. - The scholiast remarks on this verse: τοῦτο εἰς τὸ ἀπαραμύθη- τον τοῦ δεθησομένου· καὶ Σοφοκλῆς τὸ αὐτὸ περὶ Φιλοκτήτου λέγει. Cp. Intro- duction, p. 25, footnote 2, and verses 20, 270; also Ar. Ach. 704, ξυμπλα- κέντα τῇ Σκυθῶν ἐρημίᾳ.

3. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-5

9
10
3. Ήφαιστε, σοὶ δέ: for σοὶ δέ, "Ηφαιστε. The vocative is often placed first in this way, to attract more promptly the attention of the person addressed. Cp. Od. xvi. 130 ἄττα, σὺ δ᾽ ἔρχεο θᾶσσον, Ιl. i. 282 ᾿Ατρείδη, σὺ δὲ παῦε τεὸν μένος, vi. 429 Ἕκτορ, ἀτὰρ σύ μοί ἐσσι πατήρ. Frequent in Sophocles: cp. Ai. 1409, Εl. 150, Ο. Τ. 203, 1096, 1503, О. С. 237, 332, 507, 592, Ant. 1087, Phil. 799. Also [Plato] Theages 127 c & Σώκρατες, πρὸς σὲ δ᾽ ἂν ἤδη εἴη ὁ μετὰ τοῦτο λόγος. -- μέλειν : personal; ἐπιστολάς is its subject. See Krüg. I. § 47, 11, 5 and II. § 47, 11, 2. – ἐπιστολάς : = ἐν- τολάς, commands. Cp. Suppl. 1012 φυλάξαι τάσδ' ἐπιστολὰς πατρός, Pers. 783 κού μνημονεύει τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς, Frg. 423 ἄκουε τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς.

4. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-6

11
12
4. πατήρ: is said of Zeus not only by the menials, 40 and 53, and by Hermes, 947, 984, but even by He- phaestus, 17.

5. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-7

13
14
5. λεωργόν : κακοῦργον, πανοῦργον, ἀνδροφόνον, Hesych. Of these, the interpretation πανούργος agrees ex- actly with the derivation of the word from λέως, an adverb which the an- cient lexicographers explain by re- λέως, παντελῶς, ἅπαν. Cp. Archil. Frg. 112 Bergk λείως γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐφρό- νεον = πάντως γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐφρόνεον, and the words λεώλης, λεώλεθρος = πανώλης, πανώλεθρος. Accordingly λεωργός sig- nifies one who acts recklessly, in dis- tinction from one whose conduct is regulated by principle. Cp. Archil. Frg. 88 πάτερ Ζεῦ, σὸν μὲν οὐρανοῦ κράτος, σὺ δ᾽ ἔργ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἀνθρώπων ὁρᾷς λεωργὰ καὶ θεμιστά, Xen. Mem. i. 3. 9 αὐτὸν θερμουργότατον εἶναι καὶ λεωρ- γότατον. Hesychius gives also the form λαοργός (with the interpreta- tion ἀνόσιος· Σικελοί). The adverb λέως is related to the intensive prefix λᾶ- (λάμαχος, λακαταπύγων, λακατάρα- τος) as λεώς is to λαός, νεώς τo ναός.

6. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-8

15
16
6. ἀδαμαντίνων: ἀδάμας· γένος σιδή- ρου, Hesych. Cp. 64; also Pind. Pyth. ⅳν. 125 κρατεροῖς ἀδάμαντος δῆσεν ἅλοις, with iron nails, Pind. Frg. 88 ἐξ ἀδάμαν-
τος ἢ σιδάρου. The meaning diamond is not found before Theophrastus (Pindar, de adamante; Comm. Antiqu. p. 19). – ἀρρήκτοις πέδαις : cp. Il. xiii. 36 ἀμφὶ δὲ ποσσὶ πέδας ἔβαλε χρυσείας ἀρρήκτους ἀλύτους, 19 below δυσλύ- τοις χαλκεύμασι. πέδαι are fetters, δεσμά bonds, a more general term. The reverse combination in Eur. Bacch. 447 δεσμὰ διελύθη πεδῶν. Cp. Ag. 850 πῆμα νόσου, Pers. 543 λέκ- τρων εὐνάς. - Aeschylus admits an anapaest only in the first foot of the trimeter. The one exception is Sept. 569, where the proper name could hardly have been otherwise brought into the verse. (In 840 below there is no anapaest; see note.) This ana- paest, like the tribrach and dactyl in the same place (see on 2 and 730), is never divided between two words: it generally consists of a trisyllabic word, but sometimes of the beginning of a longer word, as here and 64, 353, 796, 805, 811. There are thirteen such anapaests in the Prometheus.

7. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-9

17
18
7. τὸ σὸν ἄνθος: τὸν σὸν κόσμον, Schol. In Theognis 452, the 'clear lustre' of gold is called its καθαρὸν ἄνθος. – παντέχνου πυρός : cp. 110, and Xen. Mem. iv. 3. 7 τὸ δὲ καὶ τὸ πῦρ πορίσαι ἡμῖν, ἐπίκουρον μὲν ψύχους, ἐπίκουρον δὲ σκότους, συνεργὸν δὲ πρὸς πᾶσαν τέχνην καὶ πάντα ὅσα ὠφελείας ἕνεκα ἄνθρωποι κατασκευάζονται, Plat. Protag. 321 cὁ Προμηθεὺς ... κλέπτει Ηφαίστου καὶ ᾿Αθηνᾶς τὴν ἔντεχνον σοφίαν σὺν πυρί. - πυρὸς σέλας: said by Homer Il. xix. 375. Cp. Hesiod Theog. 566 κλέψας ἀκαμάτοιο πυρὸς τηλέσκοπον αὐγήν.

9. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-10

19
20
9. σφέ: = αὐτόν, as Sept. 615, Soph. Αί. 51, O. C. 40, Trach. 234, Eur. Ion 54, 71, and often. The tragedians use σφέ for the accusative singular as well as plural, whereas in Homer it occurs only as plural. Krüg. II. § 51, 1, 14.

10. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-11

21
22
10. ἄν: in final clauses after ὡς and ὅπως, very common in Attic; cp. 654, 706, 824. Aristophanes always uses ὡς ἄν, and in Attic inscriptions ὅπως ἄν is frequent.

11. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-12

23
24
11. φιλανθρώπου κτἑ. : that is, "turn his affections away from men to a worthier object."

13. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-13

25
26
13. ἔχει τέλος : = τετέλεσται. Εp. Soph. O. C. 1780 πάντως ἔχει τάδε κῦρος (= κεκύρωται). — οὐδὲν ἐμποδών : nihil vos detinet.

14. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-14

27
28
14. συγγενή: the scholiast explains, τὸν ἀπὸ μιᾶς ὁρμώμενον τέχνης, that is, "my fellow-craftsman." Rather we must understand the word of
blood-relationship; cp. 39, 289. He- phaestus is the son of Zeus and Hera (Il. i. 577 ff.), or according to Hesiod Th. 927, the fatherless son of Hera; Prometheus is the son of Themis. Now Themis is the daughter of Ura- nus, and Hera his grand-daughter.

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17. εὐωριάζειν: ὀλιγωρεῖν, μὴ ἔχειν φροντίδα, παρακούειν, Hesych. One who is confident and unconcerned (εὔωρος, securus) in executing_a duty, is apt to take less pains. Cp. our colloquial expression 'take it easy.'

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18. Θέμιδος : see Introduction, p. 17. αἰπυμῆτα : contrasted with ὀρθο- βούλου. αἰπυμήτης, of towering thoughts, is one who in his shrewdness and sagacity aspires to too lofty things. Cp. εὔβουλος Θέμις, Pind. Isth. vii. 32. - The dactyl substituted for the third iambus of the tragic trimeter is very frequent; whereas in the first foot Aeschylus uses it seldom, and chiefly in proper names (730). In this play the dactyl in the third foot occurs eighteen times: it is always divided in the middle by the caesura, its long first syllable being either the end of a polysyllabic word, or a word of one syllable closely connected with the foregoing (δέ 1009, τὶς 1027). Ср. note on 2.

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19. ἄκοντα σ' ἄκων: cp. 671 ἄκου- σαν ἄκων, 218 ἑκόνθ᾽ ἑκόντι, Eur. Cycl. 258 ἑκὼν ἑκοῦσι, Ηipp. 319 οὐχ ἑκοῦσαν οὐχ ἑκών. The poets are very fond of repetitions like this, in which the same word is twice used, referring to different persons. Further instances are Od. v. 155 παρ᾿ οὐκ ἐθέλων ἐθε- λούσῃ = οὐκ ἐθέλων παρ᾽ ἐθελούσῃ, iii. 272 τὴν δ᾽ ἐθέλων ἐθέλουσαν ἀνήγαγεν, ν.97 εἰρωτᾷς μ᾽ ἐλθόντα θεὰ θεόν, Aesch. Cho. 89 παρὰ φίλης φίλῳ φέρειν γυναι- κὸς ἀνδρί, and below 29, 192, 276, 762, 921.

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20. ἀπανθρώπῳ: see note on ἄβρο- τον, 2. The idea is further expanded in the next verses. 'Eximia arte cu- mulavit poeta infinitam mali magnitu- dinem' (Hermann). - πάγῳ: Hesy- chius has the gloss πάγοι· αἱ ἐξοχαὶ τῶν πετρῶν καὶ τῶν ὀρῶν. Cp. Od. ν. 411 ἔκτοσθεν μὲν γὰρ πάγοι ὀξέες.

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21. του: the pronoun τὶς, like the prepositions, is often, in poetical dic- tion, placed in the second member of a disjunctive sentence, when it really belongs to both members. Cp. 156; Soph. Ant. 257 οὔτε θηρὸς οὔτε του κυνῶν, Eur. Hec. 370 οὔτ᾽ ἐλπίδος γὰρ οὔτε του δόξης, Soph. Trach. 3 οὔτ᾽ εἰ χρηστὸς οὔτ᾽ εἴ τῳ κακός, 1254 σπαραγ- μὸν ἤ τιν᾿ οἶστρον, Ο. Τ. 816 ῷ μὴ ξένων ἔξεστι μηδ᾽ ἀστῶν τινα δόμοις δέχεσθαι, Od. iv. 87 οὔτε ἄναξ ἐπιδευὴς οὔτε τι ποιμήν, Solon Frg. 4, 12 οὔθ' ἱερῶν κτεά- νων οὔτε τι δημοσίων φειδόμενοι. See on 458.

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22. ὄψει: belongs by zeugma to φωνήν as well as μορφήν : neither a voice (shalt thou hear) nor yet a form shalt thou see. Cp. Suppl. 1006 πρὸς ταῦτα μὴ πάθωμεν ὧν πολὺς πόνος, πολὺς δὲ πόντος εἵνεκ᾽ ἠρόθη δορί. ‘Frequentis- sime hoc fit ubi grammatici αἴσθησιν ἀντὶ αἰσθήσεωs poni aiunt, quibus in locis cum nomine notio verbi congen- eris tacite comprehenditur' (Lobeck). · σταθευτός : φλογιζόμενος· σταθεύειν γὰρ τὸ κατ᾿ ὀλίγον ὀπτᾶν φασὶν ᾿Αττι- κοί, Schol. σταθευτός· πεφλογισμένος ἠρέμα, Hesych. That is, scorched. From στατός and εὕω. - After 15 (δυ- σχειμέρῳ) we should expect rather the baleful effects of cold to be men- tioned. But a Greek's imagination would be more vividly affected by a description of the sun's scorching heat; the allusion to cold follows later (25). - φοίβῃ: cp. φοῖβον ὕδωρ Hesiod Frg. 78. φοῖβον δὲ δήπου τὸ καθαρὸν καὶ ἁγνὸν οἱ παλαιοὶ πᾶν ὠνόμα- Cov Plut. Mor. 493 c. - Notice the alliteration φοίβῃ φλογί, and cp. Sept. 661 φλύοντα σὺν φοίτῳ φρενῶν, Αg. 492 φῶς ἐφήλωσεν φρένας. – This passage seems to be parodied in a fragment preserved in Eustath. Comm. Od. p. 1484, 27, χρόαν δὲ τὴν σὴν ἥλιος λάμ-. πων φλογὶ αἰγυπτιώσει.

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23. χροιάς : χροιά, corresponding to Ionic χροιή, is an older and less trite form for the common χρόα. Simi- larly we have ποία and πόα, ῥοιά and ῥόα, στοιά (Ar. Eccl. 676, 684, 686) and στοά. - ἄνθος: used as here of the color of the skin in Solon Frg. 27, 5 τῇ τριτάτῃ δὲ γένειον ἀεξομένων ἔτι γυίων λαχνοῦται χροιῆς ἄνθος ἀμειβομένης, Theodectes Frg. 17 ἧς ἀγχιτέρμων ἥλιος διφρηλατῶν σκοτει- νὸν ἄνθος ἐξέχρωσε λιγνύος εἰς σώματ᾽ ἀνδρῶν (of the black color of the Ethiopians); of the color of the hair, Soph. O. T. 742 λευκανθὲς κάρα, Babr. 22.8 τῶν τριχῶν ἔτιλλεν ἃς ηὕρισκε λευ- κανθιζούσας; of color generally, Hdt. 1. 98 οὕτω πάντων τῶν κύκλων οἱ προμα- χεῶνες ἠνθισμένοι εἰσὶ φαρμάκοισι (col- ored with paints). - ἀσμένῳ: Il. xiv. 108 ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη, Soph. Trach. 18 ἀσμένῃ δέ μοι ὁ κλεινὸς ἦλθε ... παῖς, Eur. Phoen. 1043 χρόνῳ δ᾽ ἔβα τότ᾽ ἀσμένοις, Ar. Pax 582 ἀσμένοισιν ἦλθες ἡμῖν, φιλτάτη. On this dative of a participle of feeling, chiefly used with εἶναι and verbs of coming, see G. 184, 3, N. 5; H. 771 a. For the thought, cp. Deuteronomy xxviii. 67, 'In the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou shalt say, Would God it were morning!'

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24. ποικιλείμων: from ποικίλος and εἶμα. ποικίλον ἔνδυμα ἔχουσα, διὰ τὸ πεποικίλθαι τοῖς ἄστροις, Schol. For ποικίλος, cp. Soph. Trach. 94 αἰόλα νύξ, Eur. Hel. 1096 ἀστέρων ποικίλματα, Frg. 596 ὀρφναία νὺξ αἰολόχρως ἄκριτός τ᾽ ἄστρων ὄχλος. For the second part, εἶμα, cp. Eur. Ion 1150 μελάμπεπλος νύξ, Orph. Argonaut. 1031 νὺξ ἀστροχί- των (511 μήνη ἀστροχίτων), Claudian Rapt. Proserp. ii. 363 nox picta sinus. – ἀποκρύψει : initial κρ, with the aid of the ictus, makes a long syl- lable; cp. 659 below θεοπρόπους, Eum. 403 ἄτρυτον, Pers. 217 ἀποτροπήν, 395 ἐπέφλεγεν. – ἀποκρύψει φαος: Archil. Frg. 74 Ζεὺς πατὴρ Ὀλυμπίων ἐκ με- σημβρίης ἔθηκε νύκτ᾽ ἀποκρύψας φάος ἡλίου λάμποντος.

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26. ἀεὶ δὲ κτἑ.: the sense is, "ever will some evil be with thee, the pain of which shall make thee wretched," "one evil will ever be followed by another."

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27. ὁ λωφήσων : cp. Soph. Ant. 261 οὐδ᾽ ὁ κωλύσων παρῆν, Εl. 1197 οὐδ᾽ οὑπαρήξων οὐδ᾽ ὁ κωλύσων πάρα. See also 771 below; Soph. Phil. 1242 τίς ἔσται μ᾽ οὐπικωλύσων τάδε. The scholi- ast wrongly understands a particular person (Heracles). λωφάω is here transitive, in 376 intransitive. In this use of the participle the object is commonly omitted. - οὐ πέφυκέ πω: οὔπω separated, as in 511, Pers. 179, Cho. 747, Eum. 590, Frg. 280, 5. In saying thy deliverer has yet to be born, Hephaestus means only, "no living soul can deliver thee."

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28. ἐπηύρου: of the verb ἐπαυρίσκο- μαι only the second aorist ἐπηυρόμην is used by the tragic poets. ἐπηύρου is here ironical; such reward thou didst reap! Cp. Il. i. 410; and xv. 16 οὐ μὰν οἶδ᾽ εἰ αὖτε κακορραφίης ἀλεγεινῆς πρώτη ἐπαυρήαι, καί σε πληγῇσιν ἱμάσσω.

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29. θεὸς θεῶν (see on 19): said with reference to βροτοῖσι. The gods have a common interest as opposed to mortals. θεῶν modifies τιμάς. ὑποπτήσσων: cp. 175, 960.

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30. τιμάς : distinctive possessions, privileges, prerogatives, like γέρα, 107. See on 229. – πέρα δίκης: this, in the mouth of the well-disposed Hephaes- tus, must be taken as expressing the poet's own sentiment.

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31. φρουρήσεις: said in reference to the sleeplessness mentioned in the next verse. Α φρουρός is forbidden to sleep. -ἀτερπή : cp. ἄζηλον 143; Od. xi. 94 ὄφρα ἴδῃς νέκυας καὶ ἀτερπέα χῶρον.

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32. ὀρθοστάδην: see Introduction, p. 5, footnote 3. – κάμπτων γόνυ: of taking a posture of rest ; γόνυ κάμψαι· ἀναπαύεσθαι, Hesych. Cp. 396; Il. vii. 118 φημί μιν ἀσπασίως γόνυ κάμψειν, εἴ κε φύγῃσιν δηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο, Eur. Hec. 1080, 1150; Catull. lxiv. 303 niveos flexerunt sedibus artus.

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33. πολλοὺς δ᾽ ὀδυρμούς: προανα- φωνεῖ τὰς μονῳδίας αὐτοῦ, Schol.

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35. νέον: adverbial. See Krüger II. § 46, 6, 7. The same thought recurs 96, 149, 310, 389, 942, 955.

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38. προύδωκεν : like κλέψας ὤπασεν, 8.-Cratos begins this angry collo- quy with three verses (cp. 613), but afterwards speaks regularly two; He- phaestus speaks single verses through- out, in accordance with his gruff and blunt-spoken nature. - ὅστις: has a qualitative force, one who betrayed (was such as to betray) = since he be- trayed. So 759; Pers. 744 παῖς δ᾽ ἐμὸς τάδ᾽ οὐ κατειδὼς ἤνυσεν νέῳ θράσει, ὅστις ... ἤλπισε. ence.

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39. δεινόν: mighty, a mighty influ- Cp. Sept. 1031 δεινὸν τὸ κοινὸν σπλάγχνον οὗ πεφύκαμεν, Soph. El. 770 δεινὸν τὸ τίκτειν ἐστίν, Eur. Andr. 985 τὸ συγγενὲς γὰρ δεινόν, Phoen. 355 δεί- νὸν γυναιξὶν αἱ δι ὠδίνων γοναί, Iph. Α. 917 δεινὸν τὸ τίκτειν καὶ φέρει φίλ- τρον μέγα. – ὁμιλία: Quint. Decl. 321 consuetudo alienos etiam ac nulla necessitudine inter se DIOV TE NJE coniunctos componere et ad- stringere officiis potest.

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41. οἷόν τε; licet? is it allowa- ble? Cp. Ar. Thesm. 3 οἷόν τε ... παρὰ σοῦ πυθέσθαι; may a body ask? — πῶς οὐ: cp. 589, 759; Soph. Ai. 677 ἡμεῖς δὲ πῶς οὐ γνωσόμεσθα σωφρονεῖν; Ar. Nub. 398 καὶ πῶς, εἴπερ βάλλει · τοὺς ἐπιόρκους, δῆτ᾽ οὐχὶ Σίμων᾽ ἐνέ- πρησεν; Isocr. Paneg. 175 πῶς οὐ χρὴ διαλύειν ταύτας τὰς ὁμολογίας; – δει- μαίνεις ; refers to the foregoing δεινόν.

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42. The first and second persons of εἰμί are less often omitted, yet see 178, 246, 320, 373, 987. Only with ἕτοιμος is the omission common; here it occurs even though ἐγώ is left out. Cp. Soph. Ai. 813 χωρεῖν ἕτοιμος (sc. εἰμί), Ο. Τ. 92, Eur. Med. 612. In 475 below, the missing σύ can be sup- plied from the preceding σεαυτόν. See Krüger I. § 62, 1, 5.

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46. νὶν: in tragedy this word stands for all genders, in singular and in plural. G. 79, 1, Ν. 4; H. 261 D a. – ὡς ἁπλῷ λόγῳ: equivalent to ὡς ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν, to speak plainly, bluntly. Ср. 975.

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48. Cp. Eur. Iph. Α. 86 τἀξίωμα δὲ ἄλλος τις ὤφελ᾽ ἀντ᾿ ἐμοῦ λαβεῖν τόδε.

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49 f. The sense is, "another sta- tion would have another burden: every one is bound to service and obedience save Zeus, the sovereign ruler; he alone commands all and obeys none” (ὑπ᾽ ἀρχᾶς οὔτινος θοάζων, Suppl. 595). – ἐπαχθῆ: vexatious, dis- agreeable. – κοιρανεῖν : with dative, like ἄρχειν 940, ἐπιδεσπόζει στρατῷ Pers. 241. See Krüger II. § 47, 20, 3.

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51. ἔγνωκα τοῖσδε: I recognize it (the truth of what you say) by this (what is here going on). – οὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν : sc. τὸ μὴ οὐ τὰ ἐπιτεταγμένα ποιεῖν.

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52. δεσμὰ περιβαλεῖν : resolution in the fifth foot is very rare in trag- edy. This is the only case in the Prometheus. See on 2.

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53. ἐλινύοντα: ἐλινύω is absolute here, but is construed with a partici- ple in 529.

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54. ψέλια : the best manuscript has ψάλια, others ψέλια. Ammonius gives the distinction: ψάλια μὲν τὸ τοῦ ἵππου, ψέλιον δὲ τὸ ἄκροις βραχίοσι περι τιθέμενον κόσμιον. With such brace- let-like clamps Prometheus is fastened in the paintings described in the In- trod., p. 5, footnote 3.-δέρκεσθαι : said with reference to προσδερχθῇ above.

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55 f. νὶν: τὰ ψέλια, Schol. ; see on 46. – ἐγκρατεῖ σθένει, ῥαιστήρι : of these two datives the one denotes the inner power (dynamic dative), the other the external means (instrumen- tal dative). ἐγκρατεῖ σθένει nearly = ἐγκρατῶς. In Il. xviii. 477 Hephaes- tus wields a ῥαιστὴρ κρατερή.

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56. θεῖνε πασσάλευε : the connective is omitted ('asyndeton') when a sin- gle idea is expressed by two or more verbs, the second being a stronger ex- pression than the first. Ср. 58, 141, 392, 608, 698, 937; Pers. 426 ἔπαιον ἐρράχιζον, 463 παίουσι κρεοκοποῦσι, Cho. 289 κινεῖ ταράσσει, Sept. 60 χωρεῖ κοι νίει, 186 αύειν λακάζειν, Soph. Ai. 60 ὤτρυνον εἰσέβαλλον εἰς ἕρκη κακά, 115, 811, 844, 988, Ant. 1037 κερδαίνετ' ἐμπολᾶτε, Εl. 719 ἤφριζον εἰσέβαλλον ἱππικαὶ πνοαί, Trach. 1255 ἐγκονεῖτ᾽ αἴρεσθε, Eur. Hec. 507 σπεύδωμεν ἐγκο- νῶμεν, Phoen. 1434 ἔκλαι᾽ ἐθρήνει.

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57. ματᾷ: διατρίβει, χρονίζει, He- sych.

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59. Cp. Ar. Εq. 758 ποικίλος γὰρ ἁνὴρ κἀκ τῶν ἀμηχάνων πόρους εὐμή- χανος πορίζειν.

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61. πόρπασον : long à (not n), as in πόρπαμα Eur. El. 820. Cp. ἐκθοινά- σεται 1025 (θοινατῆρος Ag. 1502, θοί- ναμα Eur. Ion 1495), and other tragic forms, as εὐνατήρ Pers. 137, εὐνάτειρα Pers. 157, ποινάτωρ Ag. 1281, ἱπποβά- μων 805 below and Supp. 284, έκα- τογκάρανος 353 (καρανοῦται Cho. 528), κυναγός, βαλός, γάπεδον, γάμοροι, γάπο- τος, ἕκατι, δαρόν, δάιος, and others.

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62. σοφιστής: in Aeschylus's time this word had not acquired the mean- ing which Socrates and Plato after- wards gave it, and which through their influence passed into history. Cp. Athen. xiv. 632 c πάντας τοὺς χρω- μένους τῇ τέχνῃ ταύτῃ (i.e. τῇ μουσικῇ) σοφιστὰς ἀπεκάλουν, ὥσπερ καὶ Αἰσχύ- λος ἐποίησεν 'εἴτ᾽ οὖν σοφιστὴς κᾶλα παραπαίων χέλυν.' In this play, both here and 944, the word implies a crafty and unscrupulous cleverness.
Cp. the sense of σοφίζομαι in Soph. Phil. 77 ἀλλ᾿ αὐτὸ τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆ- ναι, κλοπεὺς ὅπως γένηται τῶν ἀνικήτων ὅπλων. – ὤν : the speaker does not mean that Zeus is a σοφιστής. Logi- cally only Διὸς νωθέστερος belongs to μάθῃ ὤν. σοφιστής, though grammat- ically a predicate, refers only to Pro- metheus. The general sense is, "may learn that with all his artfulness he is slower-witted than Zeus."

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64. αὐθάδη: with this epithet the Homeric νηλέϊ χαλκῷ, λᾶας ἀναιδής, and the Euripidean λάβρῳ μαχαίρᾳ, Cycl. 403, may be compared. – γνά- θον: cp. γένus used in the sense of πέλεκυς in Soph. El. 196 and 485, Phil. 1205, and πελέκεων γνάθοις in Eur. Cycl. 395.

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65. στέρνων διαμπάξ: the passage of Hesiod, Theog. 521, δῆσε δ᾽ ἀλυκτο- πέδησι Προμηθέα ποικιλόβουλον δεσμοῖς ἀργαλέοισι μέσον διὰ κίον᾽ ἐλάσσας, which should be construed ἐλάσσας (τὰ δεσμὰ) διὰ μέσον κίονα, riveting the chains through the middle of the pillar, was wrongly understood as ἐλάσσας κίονα διὰ μέσον (τὸν Προμηθέα). Ac- cordingly, on an ancient black-figured vase, found at Chiusi and now in the Berlin Museum (No. 1722; Jahn, Archaeologische Beiträge, Plate viii.; Baumeister, Denkmäler fig. 1566), we find Prometheus represented as ac- tually impaled (on an upright stake passed lengthwise through the body). This revolting conception was modi- fied by Aeschylus into one more endurable for the eye. Even in He- siod's narrative the original notion is obscured: the older legend doubtless meant by the pillar a κίων οὐράνιος, that is, a sharp mountain-peak rear- ing itself to the sky. See on 349.

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102
66. ὑπό : because of, by reason of, denoting the cause; as Thuc. ii. 85 ὑπὸ ἀνέμων καὶ ὑπὸ ἀπλοίας ἐνδιέτριψεν οὐκ ὀλίγον χρόνον, ίν. 8 ὑλώδης τε καὶ ἀτριβὴς πᾶσα ὑπ᾽ ἐρημίας ἦν (sc. ἡ νῆ- σος), Soph. Ant. 221 ὑπ᾽ ἐλπίδων ἄνδρας τὸ κέρδος πολλάκις διώλεσεν, also Ag. 475 πυρὸς δ᾽ ὑπ᾿ εὐαγγέλου πόλιν διήκει θοὰ βάξις.

67. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-52

103
104
67. αὖ κατοκνεῖς : see 36. – ἐχθρῶν ὕπερ: the tragedians often put the preposition after its noun when an attributive (as in 653 a genitive) follows both. Otherwise, the post- ponement of the preposition (with anastrophe of the accent) is per-
mitted in trimeter, as a rule, only when the preposition comes thereby to stand at the end of a verse. This occurs most frequently with περί, μετά, παρά, ὑπό, ὑπέρ, ἀπό, and ἐπί, in con- nexion with the genitive. The re- maining cases in Aeschylus are: with the dative, ὑπό 365 below and Pers. 190, ἐπί Suppl. 1003, μετά Pers. 613; with the accusative, περί Pers. 61.

68. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-53

105
106
68. ὅπως μή κτέ.: for this form of warning see GMT. 272; G. 217, N. 4; Η. 886.

70. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-54

107
108
70. ὀρῶ: said with emphasis after ὁρᾷς.

71. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-55

109
110
71. μασχαλιστήρας : iron girths, passed round the body and nailed to the rock on either side.

72. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-56

111
112
72. The asyndeton of the two clauses (instead of μηδὲν ἐγκέλευ᾿ ἄγαν, ἀνάγκη γὰρ ταῦτα δρᾶν: see on 373 f.) expresses irritation. Krüger I. § 59, 1, 8, and II. § 59, 1, 7. Im- patience at the repeated admonitions is also implied in the compound ἐγκέ- λευε, command imperiously, urgently.

73. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-57

113
114
73. ἡ μὴν κελεύσω: defiant reply to Hephaestus's demand. - ἐπιθωύξω : ср. 277, 393, 1041; Eur. Hipp. 219 κυσὶ θωύξαι. The scholiast on 277 remarks, ἡ μεταφορὰ ἀπὸ τῶν κυνηγῶν: that is, the verb was properly used of a hunter's call to his dogs. – καὶ γέ: et quidem; yé serves to emphasize the stronger statement. Cp. Eur. Phoen. 610 ΠΟ. ὅς μ᾽ ἄμοιρον ἐξελαύνεις. ΕΤ. καὶ κατακτενῶ γε πρός. - πρός: adverbial. Cp. πρὸς δέ 929, καὶ πρός Cho. 299. G. 191, Ν. 2; Η. 785. ...

74. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-58

115
116
74. χώρει κάτω: the scholiast un- derstands this literally : διὰ τοῦ ῾χώ- ρει κάτω᾿ τὸ μέγεθος ἐνέφηνε τοῦ δεσμευομένου θεοῦ. But it may mean simply, "proceed to the lower limbs." κίρκωσον: ἀντὶ τοῦ κρίκωσον, Schol. κρίκος, ring, is read in Il. xxiv. 272. The older form κίρκος (circus) sur- vived in the name of the bird (Od. xiii. 86 ἴρηξ κίρκος): see 857. Simi- lar are the Attic forms φάρξαι for φράξαι, δαρχμή for δραχμή.

76. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-59

117
118
76. διατόρους πέδας: πέδας is ge- neric, as in 6. διάτορος is here passive, perforated; the active sense (see 181) is more common. Schütz and Her- mann understand it of holes origi- nally made in the fetters for the reception of the nails. Rather it means "pierced by nails," "having nails driven through them," as in Soph. O. T. 1034 διατόρους ποδοῖν ἀκμάς means "feet pierced with needles." θεῖνε then refers to the nails. Hephaes- tus is bidden, before departing, to examine once more the different fas- tenings and drive the nails in each firmly home. - On the resolution, see note on 2. Three other resolutions of this foot occur (273, 680, 809). In 273 the second and third shorts of the tribrach are formed by a disyllable (διά); in 809 they begin a word of three syllables; in 680, as here, they begin a word of four syllables.

77. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-60

119
120
77. Cp. 53 and 68. – ἐπιτιμητής : cp. Pers. 827 Ζεύς τοι κολαστὴς τῶν ὑπερκόπων ἄγαν φρονημάτων ἔπεστιν, εὔθυνος βαρύς, Soph. Frg. 478 κολασταὶ κἀπιτιμηταὶ κακῶν, Eur. Suppl. 255 τούτων κολαστὴν κἀπιτιμητήν, ἄναξ.

78. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-61

121
122
78. ὅμοια μορφῃ: ὡς ἐκτραπέλου (grotesque) πεποιημένου τοῦ προσώπου (mask) αὐτοῦ, Schol.

79. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-62

123
124
79. μαλθακίζου: on this use of the imperative to denote a permission, see Krüger I. § 54, 4, 2.

80. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-63

125
126
80. ὀργῆς: violent nature.

81. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-64

127
128
81. κώλοισιν: the dative depends on the notion of ἀμφιβάλλειν implied in ἀμφίβληστρ᾽ ἔχει. – Hephaestus, with these words, quietly goes his way, while Cratos remains to give further vent to his scorn. In this way time was secured for the retiring ac- tor to take his position for the part of Prometheus. See Introduction, p. 23.

82. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-65

129
130
82. Cp. Il. xxi. 120 τὸν δ' ᾿Αχι- λεὺς ποταμόνδε λαβὼν ποδὸς ἧκε φέρε- σθαι, καί οἱ ἐπευχόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντ' ἀγόρευεν· ἐνταυθοῖ νῦν κεῖσο μετ᾿ ἰχθύ- σιν κτέ., Od. xviii. 105 ἐνταυθοῖ νῦν ἦσο σύας τε κύνας τ᾿ ἀπερύκων κτέ., Ar. Thesm. 1001 ἐνταῦθα νῦν οἰμῶξι πρὸς τὴν αἰτρίαν, also Vesp. 149, Plut. 724.

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131
132
83. ἐφημέροισι: see on 546 f., and
ср. 253, 945, Eur. Orest. 976 ἰὰ ἰώ, πανδάκρυτ᾽ ἐφαμέρων ἔθνη πολύπονα, Ar. Nub. 223 (Socrates speaks as a god) τί με καλεῖς, ὦ ᾿φήμερε, Cic. Tusc. i. 39, 94 apud Hypanim fluvium... Aristoteles ait bestiolas quasdam nasci, quae unum diem vivant (Aris- totle H. An. v. 19, calls these animals ἐφήμερα) . . Confer nostram longissimam aetatem cum aeternitate; in eadem prope- modum brevitate qua illae bestiolae reperiemur.

86. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-67

133
134
86. The construction δεῖ τινά τινος is not elsewhere found in Aeschylus, but occurs several times in Euripides (Hec. 1021, Phoen. 470, Hipp. 23, Ion 1018, H. F. 1170, Rhes. 837). G. 172, 2, Ν. 2; Η. 712 b. – προμηθέως: the proper name is here used as an appel- lative, fore-thinker, counsellor. Cp. Pind. Ol. vii. 79 ἐν δ᾽ ἀρετὰν ἔβαλεν καὶ χάρματ᾽ ἀνθρώποισι Προμαθέος αἰ- δώς. Etymological interpretations of proper names are frequent in Aeschy- lus. His view on the subject is ex- pressed Ag. 681: τίς ποτ᾿ ὠνόμαζεν ὧδ᾽ ἐς τὸ πᾶν ἐτητύμως; μή τις ὅντιν᾿ οὐχ ὁρῶμεν προνοίαισι τοῦ πε- πρωμένου γλῶσσαν ἐν τύχᾳ νέ- μων; where Ἑλένα is explained as ἑλέναυς, ἕλανδρος, ἑλέπτολις. Cp. ibid. 1080 ᾿Απόλλων ... ἀπόλλων ἐμός, and similar cases, Sept. 658, 829, 536; ср. also Od. i. 60 οὔ νύ τ᾿ Ὀδυσσεὺς χαρίζετο ἱερὰ ῥέζων; τί νύ οἱ τόσον ὠδύ- σαο, Ζεῦ; Eur. Phoen. 636 ἀληθῶς δ᾽ ὄνομα Πολυνείκην πατὴρ ἔθετό σοι θείᾳ προνοίᾳ νεικέων ἐπώνυμον. On the thought, cp. 474 f. below, and the passage of Mark there quoted.

87. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-68

135
136
87. ὅτῳ τρόπῳ ἐκκυλισθήσει: cp. Eur. Med. 322 οὐκ ἔχεις τέχνην, ὅπως μενεῖς παρ' ἡμῖν, Thuc. i. 107 ἔδοξε δ' αὐτοῖς ... σκέψασθαι, ὅτῳ τρόπῳ ἀσφα- λέστατα διαπορεύσονται. The clause depends on the verbal idea τοῦ προμη- θουμένου implied in προμηθέως. – τέ- χνης: τῶν δεσμῶν, Schol.; another scholiast, τοῦ τεχνηέντως κατεσκευ- ασμένου δεσμοῦ. Cp. Soph. O. C. 472 κρατῆρες εἰσίν, ἀνδρὸς εὔχειρος τέχνη, Frg. III. of the Prom. Solutus below, 8, qua miser sollertia transver- beratus. Prometheus is bound hand and foot, so that he cannot stir. This serves to excite the spectators' com- passion (cp. 32), but it also affords a reason for the immobility, during the entire play, of the figure representing Prometheus. See Introduction, p. 22.

88-127. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-69

137
138
88-127. Second Scene. Pro- metheus alone. With this invocation of the elements cp. Il. iii. 277 ἠέλιός θ' ὃς πάντ᾽ ἐφορᾶς καὶ πάντ᾽ ἐπακούεις, καὶ ποταμοὶ καὶ γαῖα, Soph. Phil. 936& λιμένες, ὦ προβλῆτες, ὦ ξυνουσίαι θηρῶν ὀρείων, ὦ καταρρῶγες πέτραι, ὑμῖν τάδ', οὐ γὰρ ἄλλον οἶδ᾽ ὅτῳ λέγω, ἀνακλαίομαι. Apsines (Rhet. Gr. ed. Spengel I. p. 400) says: κινεῖ δὲ ἔλεον καὶ λόγος πρὸς τόπον τινὰ γινόμενος.

88. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-70

139
140
88. δῖος: heavenly, from the root
δι-, δις- (Sanskrit di-, shine). Cp. Il. χνί. 365 αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης ὅτε τε Ζεὺς λαίλαπα τείνῃ. — ταχύπτεροι : said fig- uratively, with reference to the physi- cal impression made by a passing breeze. Actual winged daemons the guise in which the Winds and similar beings are depicted in ancient art- are not here to be understood.

90. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-71

141
142
90. ἀνήριθμον γέλασμα : of the slightly ruffled surface of the sea, lighted up by the sun. Cp. Il. xix. 362 γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα περὶ χθὼν χαλκοῦ ὑπὸ στεροπῆς. The verb yeλᾶν often denotes merriment or cheerfulness in a figurative sense; thus Hesiod Theog. 40 γελᾷ δέ τε δώματα πατρὸς . . . θεᾶν ὀπὶ λειριοέσσῃ σκιδναμένῃ. The scholi- ast on our passage renders γέλασμα by διάχυμα. In a different sense Catullus, lxiv. 273, says of the sea-waves leni resonant plangore cachinni. – παμμήτορ γῆ: cp. Hom. Hymn xxx. 1 γαῖαν παμμήτειραν, Cho. 127 γαῖαν ἡ τὰ πάντα τίκτεται.

91. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-72

143
144
91. καὶ ... καλῶ: ἤλλαξε τὴν φράσιν, Schol. Cp. Soph. Αi. 859 & φέγγος, ὦ γῆς ἱερὸν οἰκείας πέδον Σαλαμῖνος, ὦ πατρῷον ἑστίας βάθρον κλειναί τ᾽ ᾿Αθῆναι, καὶ τὸ σύντροφον γένος, κρῆναί τε ποτα- μοί θ' οἵδε, καὶ τὰ Τρωικὰ πεδία προσαυδῶ, χαίρετ', ὦ τροφῆς ἐμοί, also O. C. 1091. — κύκλον : cp. Pers. 504 λαμπρὸς ἡλίου κύκλος. This expres- sion (like orbis solis) had its origin in ancient conceptions of the sun as a wheel of fire. In the Edda the sun is called fagravhel, that is, 'fair-wheel,' 'wheel of brightness.' See Grimm's Deutsche Mythologie, I. 586, II. 664.

92. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-73

145
146
92. πρὸς θεῶν: πρός τινος and ἔκ τι- νος, for ὑπό τινος, are common in He- rodotus and the tragedians. Krüger II. § 52, 3, 1. πάσχειν ἐκ Occurs 759, πάσχειν ὑπό 1041.

93. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-74

147
148
93 f. The transition from iambi to anapaests marks an outbreak of more violent passion. At 101, with a calmer mood, the quieter rhythm returns. αἰκίαισιν (= ἀεικελίοις μόχθοις) δια- κναιόμενος : cp. 541. - τὸν μυριετή χρόνον: said like τὸν πλείω χρόνον, (Ar. Ran. 160, Thuc. iv. 117), τὸν πάντα χρόνον (Ar. Nub. 462). μυριετῆ· πολυετῆ· ἐν γὰρ τῷ πυρφόρῳ τρεῖς μυ- ριάδας φησὶ δεδέσθαι αὐτόν, Schol. (cp. Hygin. Poet. astr. ii. 15). Both num- bers are merely hyperbolic expres- sions for a very long time. – ἀθλεύσω : absolute, suffer. Cp. Il. xxiv. 734 ἀθ- λεύων πρὸ ἄνακτος ἀμειλίχου. The word is Ionic.

96. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-75

149
150
96. ταγός: cp. Pers. 23 ταγοὶ Περ- σῶν, 323 νεῶν ταγός, Soph. Ant. 1057 ἆρ' οἶσθα ταγοὺς (lords and masters) ὄντας ἂν λέγῃς λέγων;

97. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-76

151
152
97. The anapaestic monometer forms a close, but a less emphatic one than the paroemiac.-δεσμόν : the singular as in 141. We have δεσμούς ἀεικεῖς 525. – ἀεική: see on 113.

99. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-77

153
154
99. στενάχω, πῇ: as it were I groan to think how, etc. Cp. 182; Soph. Ai. 794 ὥστε μ' ὠδίνειν τί φής, Eur. Hec. 184 δειμαίνω τί ποτ᾿ ἀναστένεις, Ar. Nub. 1391 οἶμαί γε τῶν νεωτέρων τὰς καρδίας πηδᾶν ὅ τι λέξει. - πῇ πότε: cp. 545; Eur. Alc. 213 ἰὼ Ζεῦ, τίς ἂν πῶς πᾶ πόρος κακῶν γένοιτο ; Krüger I. § 51, 17, 10; H. 1013.

100. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-78

155
156
100. χρή: nearly = μέλλει. – ἐπι- τεῖλαι: ἐπιτέλλεσθαι of the rising of heavenly bodies, Hom. Hymn iii. 371 ἠελίοιο νέον ἐπιτελλομένοιο, Hesiod Ο. D. 567 πρῶτον παμφαίνων ἐπιτέλλε- ται. The active in the 'Iλιὰς μικρά (Tzetzes on Lycophr. 344) λαμπρή δ᾽ ἐπέτελλε σελήνη. In a figurative sense, Theogn. 1275 ὡραῖος καὶ ἔρως ἐπιτέλλεται ἡνίκα περ γῆ ἄνθεσιν εἰαρι- νοῖς θάλλει ἀεξομένη.

101. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-79

157
158
101. καίτοι τί φημι: 'se ipsum obiurgat Prometheus; et paulisper ob malorum magnitudinem naturae suae oblitus iam ad se redit' (Schütz). θνητοῖς γὰρ γέρα – προυξεπίσταμαι : as son of Themis. Ср. 209, 873.

102. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-80

159
160
102. ποταίνιον: predicative; shall not come unexpected.

105. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-81

161
162
105. ἀδήριτον: Il. xvii. 41 ἀλλ᾽ οὐ μὰν ἔτι δηρὸν ἀπείρητος πόνος ἔσται λong οὐδέ τ᾽ ἀδήριτος. Here = ἄμαχος (ἀδή- ριτον· ἄμαχον, ἀκατάμαχον, Hesych.). Cp. ἀνίκητος, ίnvictus. For the thought cp. Simon. Frg. 5,21 (Plat. Prot. 345d) ἀνάγκᾳ δ᾽ οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται, Soph. Ant. 1106 ἀνάγκῃ δ᾽ οὐχὶ δυσμαχητέον, Ο. C. 191 καὶ μὴ χρείᾳ πολεμῶμεν, Eur. Iph. Τ. 1486 τὸ γὰρ χρεὼν σοῦ τε καὶ θεῶν κρατεῖ.

106. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-82

163
164
106. οὔτε σιγᾶν οὔτε μὴ σιγᾶν : ex- plained by 197, whence we see that the motive for silence is the pain of speaking (not caution as in Ag. 548, πάλαι τὸ σιγᾶν φάρμακον βλάβης ἔχω). The scholiast wrongly explains, ἀλλ᾽ οὔτε σιγᾶν δύναμαι (ἀλγῶ γὰρ) οὔτε ἐλέγ- χειν· εὐλαβοῦμαι γὰρ τὸν Δία. Cp.Soph. Phil. 329 ὦ παῖ Ποίαντος, ἐξερῶ, μόλις δ᾽ ἐρῶ, ἅγωγ᾽ ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐξελωβήθην μολών.

107. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-83

165
166
107. γέρα: see on τιμάς, 30. — Here and in 821 we find the thesis of the fifth foot formed by the long final syllable of a word of more than one
syllable (θνη-τοῖς). This is very rare in tragedy (H. 1091,5). It is excusa- ble when, as here, a distinct pause, in connexion with the caesura of the fourth foot (hephthemimeris), imme- diately precedes. See also on 648. ...

108. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-84

167
168
108. ἀνάγκαις : said like αἰκίαι 93. – ἐνέζευγμαι : a favorite metaphor of Aeschylus. Cp. 578, 1009; Ag. 1639 τὸν δὲ μὴ πειθάνορα ζεύξω βαρείαις (sc. ζεύγλαις), 841 μόνος δ᾽ Ὀδυσσεὺς ζευχθεὶς ἕτοιμος ἦν ἐμοὶ σειραφόρος, Cho. 795 ζυγέντ᾽ ἐν ἅρμασιν πημάτων, also Ag. 218 ἀνάγκας ἔδυ λέπαδνον. Figures and comparisons drawn from husbandry and rural life are frequent in the tra- gedians. With our passage cp. Eur. Οr. 1330 ἀνάγκης εἰς ζυγὸν καθέσταμεν, Hipp. 1389 οἵαις συμφοραῖς συνεζύγης.

109. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-85

169
170
109. ναρθηκοπλήρωτον: τὴν ἐν νάρ- θηκι θησαυρισθεῖσαν, παρόσον τῷ νάρθηκι ἐχρῶντο πρὸς τὰς ἐκζωπυρώσεις τοῦ πυρός, Hesych. The νάρθηξ (ferula communis, in modern Greek ἀνάρθη- kas) is an umbelliferous reed-like plant, about four feet high; its stalk is filled with an acrid milky juice (habent fungosam intus me- dullam ut sambuci: Plin.). When dried it readily catches and preserves a spark of fire; the peas- ants of southern Italy use it as tinder. Cp. Phanias, Anthol. vi. 294 νάρθηξ πυρικοίτας, also Theophr. Hist. Pl. vi. 2, 7, Plin. H. N. xiii. 22. 42. On the mythical significance of the narthex, see Introduction, p. 2. - This clause is properly explanatory of what goes before, nevertheless it is introduced by de as if it were a new and distinct statement. The scholiasts often ren- der this dé by yap; an example is Cho. 239 προσαυδᾶν δ᾽ ἔστ᾽ ἀναγκαίως ἔχον, which is explanatory of the foregoing words τέσσαρας μοίρας ἔχον ἐμοί. – θηρῶμαι: historical present. Krüger I. § 53, 1, 11; GMT. 33.

110. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-86

171
172
110 f. διδάσκαλος τέχνης πάσης : see on 7. - πόρος : absolute, as in 477.

112. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-87

173
174
112. τοιώνδε ποινὰς ἀμπλακημάτων: ср. 564, 620.

113. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-88

175
176
113. ὑπαιθρίοις: explains προυσε- λούμενος; the insult of the punish- ment consists in its publicity, See also 158. Prometheus lays stress on the ignominious nature of his punish- ment, 97, 177, 195, 227, 256, 438, 525. For the connexion of ὑπαιθρίοις and δεσμοῖσι, see on ἀφεγγής 115. – πρου- σελούμενος: this word recurs 438; it is found elsewhere only in Ar. Ran. 730 (προυσελοῦμεν). Cp. Etym. Mag. p. 690, 11 προυσελεῖν λέγουσι τὸ ὑβρί- ζειν. It is therefore equivalent to αἰκίζομαι, the word employed in most of the similar passages of this play (cp. Hesych. προυγελεῖν· προπηλακί- ζειν, ὑβρίζειν). The etymology of the word is unknown: it has been proposed to derive it from προσεέλ- λειν, on the supposition that the digamma, falling out after o, has lengthened the preceding syllable, as in θεουδής (θεοδρής).
114-127 announce the approach of the chorus and accompany (from 120 on) the movements of the winged chariot. Similarly in the Electra of Sophocles anapaests of Electra ac- company the entrance of the chorus.

114. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-89

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178
114. A rush or whir is heard in the air. -ad: ἐκπλήξεως ἐπιρρήματα, Schol. Ce mélange de douleur et d'effroi, de faiblesse et de fermeté me paraît tout à fait admirable' (Patin).

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115. The bacchic rhythms express surprise and amazement. ·ὀδμά: an odor of the sea is supposed to pre- cede the nymphs, in whose costume seaweed, shells, etc., may well have been prominent. Cp. Eur. Hipp. 1391 ἔα· ὦ θεῖον ὀδμῆς πνεῦμα·... ἔστ᾽ ἐν τόποισι τοισίδ᾽ ῎Αρτεμις θεά, Verg. Aen. i. 403 ambrosiaeque comae di- vinum vertice odorem spira- vere. - προσέπτα: cp. Plaut. Amphitr. 325 vox mi ad auris advo- lavit. The verb, in a somewhat different sense, is joined with the da- tive in 555 and 644. – ἀφεγγής: (here nearly = ἀφανής) is, by a figure com- mon in the poets, connected with ἀχώ and ὀδμά, whereas it is properly an epithet of the object from which they emanate. - For the situation cp. Soph. Phil. 203 προυφάνη κτύπος βάλλει μ᾽ ἐτύμα φθογγά του.

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116. θεόσυτος: the tribrach in the first foot generally, in Aeschylus, con- sists of a single word of three sylla- bles, as in 666. Here and 817 it is the first part of a longer word: the remaining cases of this are Sept. 272 πεδιονόμοις, Eum. 806 λιπαροθρόνοισιν, Frg. 195, 2 βορεάδας. - Compounds in -συτος and in -puros either double the medial o or p, or do not double it, according to the requirements of the verse: cp. 643. With θεόσυτος ή βρότειος cp. 765. – κεκραμένη : ἡμιθέων, Schol. Demigods according to the later conception are not meant, but beings who, like the Oceanids, stand midway between the higher (celestial) gods and the human race: cp. 529 f., 902. For the expression cp. Eur. Cycl. 218 μήλειον ἢ βόειον ἢ μεμιγμένον ;

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117. The rhythm (dochmius and cretic) indicates painful emotion. The question "Who can it be" (115, 116) is followed by the conjecture that the person in question comes as an unwel- come spectator of his sufferings. The reason of this conjecture is suggested by the opening words, ἵκετο τερμόνιον ἐπὶ πάγον (“a cliff at the end of the world"). – ἵκετο : is he come; the sub- ject is the unknown newcomer; not θεωρός, which expresses the motive of the coming. - τερμόνιον: this adjective occurs only here: it is formed from τέρμων, while τέρμιος is from τέρμα.

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118. ἢ τί δὴ θέλων : cp. Soph. Trach. 390 ἡμεῖς δὲ προσμένωμεν; ἢ τί χρὴ ποιεῖν;

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119. ετάρο: said with reference to <ε θεωρός. The imperative has the sense of ὁρᾶν πάρα.

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120 f. The iambi again give place to anapaests; see on 93. The speaker is outraged at the thought of becom- ing a spectacle for others; cp. 156. - πᾶσι θεοῖς δι᾽ ἀπεχθείας ἐλθόντα: cp. Eur. Hipp. 1164 δι᾽ ἔχθρας μῶν τις ἦν ἀφιγμένος, Phoen. 479 καὶ μὴ δι᾽ ἔχθρας τῷδε καὶ φόνου μολών, Η. F. 220 Μι- νύαισι πᾶσι διὰ μάχης μολών, Iph. Α. 1392 similarly, Androm. 416 πατρὶ τῷ σῷ διὰ φιλημάτων ἰών, Soph. Ant. 742 διὰ δίκης ἰὼν πατρί, Ar. Ran. 1412 οὐ γὰρ δι᾽ ἔχθρας οὐδετέρῳ γενήσομαι, [Plato] Theag. 130 b μοι δι᾽ ἀπεχθείας ἐν λόγοις τισὶν ἐγεγόνει. These com- binations of a verb of motion with διά arose from the local meaning of the preposition. Krüger I. § 68, 22, 2.

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122. αὐλήν: cp. Od. iv. 74 Ζηνός που τοιήδε γ᾽ Ὀλυμπίου ἔνδοθεν αὐλή. εἰσοιχνεῦσιν : Ionic contraction, like πωλεύμεναι 645; used because οἰχνέω and πωλέομαι are epic words. Cp. Eur. Med. 422 ὑμνεῦσαι, Hipp. 167 ἀΰτευν, Ιph. Α. 789 μυθεῦσαι. Cp. also Ag. 942 δήριος (from the Ionic δῆρις).

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124 ff. κινάθισμα: κίνημα πλήθους, Hesych. – οἰωνῶν : the chorus is now so near that Prometheus can distin- guish the sound of wings. - ἐλαφραῖς πτερύγων ῥιπαῖς: cp. Eur. Frg. 597 ταῖς ὠκυπλάνοις πτερύγων ῥιπαῖς. – ὑπο- συρίζει: this does not mean leniter stridet (Blomfield), but ὑπο- ex- presses the idea of accompaniment, as in ὑπάδειν, ὑποστεναχίζειν, ὑπορχεῖ- σθαι, ὑπηχεῖν, succinere.

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127. φοβερόν: see 156.