Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 526-560

ed. Arthur Sidgwick

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Prometheus Bound. Aeschylus. ed. Arthur Sidgwick. Oxford. 1902.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by Tufts University.

Current edition First1KGreek

Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης (Greek) (Aeschyli Tragoediae. Sidgwick, Arthur, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902.)

Editions (6)
Προμηθεὺς δεσμώτης Perseus (Aeschylus, Volume 1. Smyth, Herbert Weir, editor. London; New York: William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1922.) — 526-560 focus
Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης (OCR draft) Experimental (Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης. Guilielmus Dindorfius, 1882.) — 526 focus
Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης (OCR draft) Experimental (Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης. Gottfried Hermann, 1852.) — 526 focus
θνητοὺς ἄγαν, Προμηθεῦ.
στρ. β'.
φέρ' ὅπως ἄχαρις χάρις· ὦ φίλος, εἰπέ, ποῦ τις ἀλκά;
τίς ἐφαμερίων ἄρηξις; οὐδ᾽ ἐδέρκης
545
ὀλιγοδρανίαν ἄκικυν,
ἰσόνειρον, ᾧ τὸ φωτῶν
ἀλαὸν 1 γένος ἐμπεποδισμένον; οὔπως
τὰν Διὸς ἁρμονίαν
θνατῶν παρεξίασι βουλαί.
550
ἀντ. β΄.
ἔμαθον τάδε σὰς προςιδοῦσ᾽ ὀλοὰς τύχας, Προμηθεῦ.
τὸ διαμφίδιον δέ μοι μέλος προςέπτα
τόδ', ἐκεῖνό θ᾽, ὅτ᾽ ἀμφὶ λουτρὰ
καὶ λέχος σὸν ὑμεναίουν
ἰότατι γάμων, ὅτε τὰν ὁμοπάτριον ἕδνοις
555
ἄγαγες Ἡσιόναν
πιθὼν δάμαρτα κοινόλεκτρον.
ΠΡΟΜΗθΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ (OCR draft) Experimental (ΠΡΟΜΗθΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ. Paul Mazon, 1920-1925.) — 526 focus
Ἡδύ τι θαρσαλέαις
Ant. 1.
τὸν μακρὸν τείνειν βίον ἐλπίσι, φαναῖς
θυμὸν ἀλδαίνουσαν ἐν εὐφροσύναις·
φρίσσω δέ σε δερκομένα
535
Φέρ' ὅπως χάρις ἁ χάρις ἄχαρις, ὦ
Str. 2.
φίλος, εἰπέ· ποῦ τίς ἀλκά,
540
τίς ἐφαμερίων ἄρηξις ; οὐδ' ἐδέρχθης
ὀλιγοδρανίαν ἄκικυν
ἰσόνειρον ᾗ τὸ φωτῶν
ἀλαὸν γένος ἐμπεποδισ-
μένον ; οὔποτε < γάρ τοι om.>
545
1
τὰν Διὸς ἁρμονίαν θνα-
τῶν παρεξίασι βουλαί.
Ἔμαθον τάδε σὰς προσιδοῦσ'
Ant. 2.
ὀλοὰς τύχας, Προμηθεῦ·
τὸ διαμφίδιον δέ μοι μέλος προσέπτα
550
τόδ' ἐκεῖνό θ' ὅ τ' ἀμφὶ λουτρὰ λοετρά
καὶ λέχος σὸν ὑμεναίουν
ἰότατι γάμων, ὅτε τὰν
ὁμοπάτριον ἕδνοις
ἄγαγες Ἡσιόναν πεί-
θων πιθὼν seu ποθῶν δάμαρτα κοινόλεκτρον.
555
Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης (OCR draft) Experimental (Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης. N. Wecklein, 1885.) — 526 focus
μηδάμ᾽ ὁ πάντα νέμων
θεῖτ᾽ ἐμᾷ γνώμᾳ κράτος ἀντί-
παλον Ζεύς,
μηδ' ἐλινύσαιμι θεοὺς ὁσίαις
545
θοίναις ποτινισσομένα
βουφόνοις, παρ' Ὠκεανοῦ πατρὸς ἄ-
σβεστον πόρον,
μηδ᾽ ἀλίτοιμι λόγοις,
ἀλλά μοι τόδ' ἐμμένοι
550
καὶ μήποτ᾽ ἐκτακείη·
ἡδύ τι θαρσαλέαις
τὸν μακρὸν τείνειν βίον ἐλ-
πίσιν, φαναῖς
θυμὸν ἀλδαίνουσαν ἐν εὐφροσύναις.
555
φρίσσω δέ σε δερκομένα
μυρίοις μόχθοις διακναιόμενον
Ζῆνα γὰρ οὐ τρομέων
ἰδίᾳ γνώμᾳ σέβῃ
θνατοὺς ἄγαν, Προμηθεῦ.
560
Aeschyli Prometheus Vinctus (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschyli Prometheus Vinctus. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, 1914.) — 526 focus
ἡδύ τι θαρσαλέαις
τὸν μακρὸν τείνειν βίον ἐλπίσι, φαναῖς
θυμὸν ἀλδαίνουσαν ἐν εὐφροσύναις. φρίσ-
535
σω δέ σε δερκομένα
μυρίοις μόχθοις διακναιόμενον –
Ζῆνα γὰρ οὐ τρομέων
ἰδίαι γνώμαι σέβηι θνατοὺς ἄγαν Προμηθεῦ. =
φέρ᾽ ὅπως ἄχαρις χάρις, ὦ φίλος·
εἰπέ, ποῦ τίς ἀλκά;
τίς ἐφαμερίων ἄρηξις; οὐδ᾽ ἐδέρχθης
545
ὀλιγοδρανίαν ἄκικυν ἰσόνειρον,
ἆι τὸ φωτῶν ἀλαὸν γένος ἐμπεπο-
δισμένον; οὔποτε (πολλαί)
τὰν Διὸς ἁρμονίαν θνα-
τῶν παρεξίασι βουλαί. –
550
---
ἔμαθον τάδε σάς προσιδοῦσ᾽ ὀλο-
ὰς τύχας, Προμηθεύ.
τὸ διαμφίδιον δέ μοι μέλος προσέπτα,
τόδ᾽ ἐκεῖνό θ᾽, ὅτ᾽ ἀμφὶ λουτρὰ καὶ λέχος σὸν
555
ὑμεναίουν ἰότατι γάμων, ὅτε
τὰν ὁμοπάτριον ἕδνοις
ἄγαγες Ησιόναν πι-
θὼν δάμαρτα κοινόλεκτρον.
Translations (8)
Prometheus Bound Perseus (Aeschylus, Volume 1. Smyth, Herbert Weir, translator. London; New York: William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1922. (Modernized by Perseus.)) — 526-560 focus
Prometheus Bound. (OCR draft) Experimental (Prometheus Bound.. Theodore Alois Buckley, 1849.) — 526 focus
Never may Jupiter, who directs all things, set his might in opposition to my purpose, nor may I be backward in attending upon the gods at their hallowed banquets, at which oxen are sacrificed, beside the restless stream of my sire Ocean; and may I not trespass in my words; but may this feeling abide by me and never melt away.
Sweet it is to pass through a long life in confident hopes, making the spirits swell with bright merriment; but I shudder as I behold thee harrowed by agonies Incalculable.... For not standing in awe of Jupiter, thou, Prometheus, in thy self-will honourest mortals to excess.
Come, my friend, own how boonless was the boon; say where is any aid? What relief can come from the creatures of a day? Sawest thou not the powerless weakness, nought better than a dream, in which the blind race of men is entangled? Never shall at any time the schemes of mortals evade the harmonious system of Jupiter.
This I learned by witnessing thy destructive fate, Prometheus. And far different is this strain that now flits towards me from that hymenaeal chant which I raised around the baths and thy couch with the consent
of nuptials, when, after having won Hesione with thy love-tokens, thou didst conduct her our sister to be thy bride, the sharer of thy bed.
PROMÉTHÉE ENCHAINÉ (OCR draft) Experimental (PROMÉTHÉE ENCHAINÉ. Paul Mazon, 1920-1925.) — 526 focus
ce point, ne m'interroge plus : va, n'insiste pas.
banquets des hécatombes 1 , près du cours paternel de l'intarissable Océan ; que ma langue jamais ne pèche et que
ce principe toujours demeure en mon âme, sans s'en effacer jamais ! Il est doux de couler une longue existence au milieu d'espoirs confiants,
l'âme épanouie en radieuses délices. Mais je
que t'apportent les éphémères ? Ne
vois-tu pas la débile impuissance, pareille à celle des songes 2 , qui entrave les pas de l'aveugle race humaine ? Jamais volonté mortelle ne violera l'ordre établi par Zeus.
Cela, je l'apprends à contempler ta misère, Prométhée, et,
Prometheus Chained (OCR draft) Experimental (Prometheus Chained. Robert Potter, 1779.) — 526 focus
Never, never may my ſoul
530
Jove's allruling pow'r defy;
Never feel his harſh controul,
Sov'reign ruler of the ſky.
When the hallow'd ſteer has bled s
,
When the ſacred feaſt is ſpread,
535
'Midſt the cryſtal waves below,
Whence father Ocean's boundless billows flow,
Let not my foot be ſlow:
There, th' ætherial gueſts among,
No rude ſpeech diſgrace my tongue.
540
May my mind this rev'rence keep;
Print it ſtrong, and grave it deep.
When thro' life's extended ſcene
Hope her ſtedfaſt luſtre throws,
Swells the ſoul with joy ſerene,
545
With ſublimeſt triumph glows.
Seeſt thou this pure luſtre ſhine?
Are these heartfelt raptures thine?
My cold blood curdles in my veins,
To ſee thy hideous woes, thy tort'ring pains,
550
And adamantine chains.
Thy free ſoul, untaught to fear,
Scorn'd the danger threat'ning near;
And for mortals dar'd defy
The ſovereign monarch of the ſky.
555
Vain thy ardor, vain thy grace,
They nor force nor aid repay;
Like a dream man's feeble race,
Shortliv'd reptiles of a day.
Shall their weak devices move
560
Th' order'd harmony of Jove?
Touch'd with pity of thy pain,
All ſad and ſlow I pour the moral ſtrain;
Chang'd from that melting vein,
When the light mellifluous meaſure
565
Round thy bath, and round thy bed
For our ſeanymph ſiſter ſpread,
Awoke young love and bridal pleaſure,
And pour'd the ſoul of harmony,
To greet the bright Heſione.
570
Eschilo, Prometeo legato: traduzione italiana di Ettore Romagnoli (OCR draft) Experimental (Eschilo, Prometeo legato: traduzione italiana di Ettore Romagnoli. Ettore Romagnoli, 1922.) — 526 focus
Deh!. Giove che dominio
615
ha su tutte le genti,
mai non s'opponga alle speranze mie:
deh!, ch'io mai non sia tarda a offrire ai Superi
di bovi epule pie,
presso del padre Océano
620
all'eterne fluenti:
mai non mi sfuggano empie
parole: ognor nel seno
pietà mi regni, e mai non venga meno.
Dolce cullare l'animo
625
di letizie serene:
dolce nutrir, sin che la vita dura,
ardue speranze. Ma se te, Promèteo,
d'infinita sciagura
io
630
veggo oppresso, un brivido
corre per
le mie vene.
Ma tu, fiero, non trepidi
del Signor dei Celesti,
635
ed ai mortali troppo onore presti.
Ecco quali mercedi
sono or compenso, amico, alle tue grazie.
Dove or trovi negli uomini
alcun sostegno, alcun soccorso? Vedi
640
la fiacca inettitudine,
simile ai sogni vani,
che, in ceppi, degli umani
stringe le cieche torme?
Non mai voler d'efimeri
645
potrà di Giove vïolar le norme.
E questo, Prometèo,
appresi nel veder tua sorte misera.
Oh!, ben diversi suonano
questo mio canto d'ora, e l'imeneo
650
che dal mio labbro al talamo
tuo si levò d'attorno
e ai tuoi lavacri, il giorno
che sposa alla tua casa
la mia sorella Esíone
655
venne: ché i doni tuoi l'ebber suasa.
Aeschylus, Prometheus vinctus: versio Latina Ioannis Sanravii (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Prometheus vinctus: versio Latina Ioannis Sanravii. Ioannes Sanravius, 1555.) — 526 focus
Nequaquam, qui omnia regit, ponet meæ sen
525
tentiæ robur
Aduersarium Iupiter: neq; definam
Deos sanctis conuiuijs interpellans,
Sacrificijs trans Oceani patris
Immortale equor: neq; unquam mentirer verbis.
530
Sed mihi hoc manebit, & nunquam tabescet:
Suave aliquid, longam extendere vitam,
Spe manifesta animum crescentem
In prudentia.
horreo te respiciens
535
Infinitis laboribus afflictum.
Iovem enim non timens,
Propria sententia colis admodum mortales, ô Pro
metheus.
Age quomodo ingrata
540
Gratia, ô amice dic, ubi aliquod subsidium?
Quis mortalium auxilium præbet? neq; vidisti
Languorem immobilem, somnij similem, quo
Hominum cæcum genus impeditum.
Nunquam Iouis concentum mortalium
545
Euitant consilia.
Didici hæc, tuas
Respiciens perniciosas fortunas, Prometheu.
Anceps mihi cantio accidit,
Hoc & illud pro lauacris, & lecto,
550
Tuum Hymeneum desiderio nuptiarum, premis
Duxisti Hesionam tunc sororem,
Persuadens uxorem coniugem.
English (E. D. A. Morshead, 1908) (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Morshead translation. Wikisource transcription; speech corresp and card milestones aligned to Smyth perseus-grc2.) — 526 focus
O never may my weak and faint desire
570
Strive against God most high—
Never be slack in service, never tire
Of sacred loyalty;
Nor fail to wend unto the altar-side,
Where with the blood of kine
575
Steams up the offering, by the quenchless tide
Of Ocean, Sire divine!
Be this within my heart, indelible—
Offend not with thy tongue!
Sweet, sweet it is, in cheering hopes to dwell,
580
Immortal, ever young,
In maiden gladness fostering evermore
A soft content of soul!
But ah, I shudder at thine anguish sore—
Thy doom thro' years that roll!
585
Thou could'st not cower to Zeus: a love too great
Thou unto man hast given—
Too high of heart thou wert—ah, thankless fate!
What aid, 'gainst wrath of Heaven,
Could mortal man afford? in vain thy gift
590
To things so powerless!
Could'st thou not see? they are as dreams that drift;
Their strength is feebleness—
A purblind race, in hopeless fetters bound,
They have no craft or skill,
595
That could o'erreach the ordinance profound
Of the eternal will.
Alas, Prometheus! on thy woe condign
I looked, and learned this lore;
And a new strain floats to these lips of mine—
600
Not the glad song of yore,
When by the lustral wave I sang to see
My sister made thy bride,
Decked with thy gifts, thy loved Hesione,
And clasped unto thy side.
605
[ Enter Io, horned like a cow.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1854; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylos. Deutsch in den Versmaßen der Urschrift. Stuttgart: Hoffmann, 1854. Native Donner line citations, Smyth card correspondence, selected textual readings and metrical facsimiles. Remaining OCR differences and unattributed reading notes are documented in the linked review inventory.) — 526 focus
Nimmer empöre mein Herz
525
Zeus, des Weltalls Lenker, zu feindlichem Troye!
Nimmer sei ich lässig, den Göttern zu nah'n
Mit heiligen Opfern der Stiere
Dort an meines Vaters Okeanos rastlosflutendem Strom!
Nimmer auch frevle mein Mund!
530
Möge das feststeh'n in mir,
Und nimmerdar entschwinden!
Erste Gegenstrophe.
Seliger, welcher getrost
Dehnen darf sein Leben in leuchtender Hoffnung,
Stets die Seele weidend in wonniger Lust!
535
Doch faßt mich ein Schauer, gewahr' ich's,
Wie du dulden mußt, von unsäglicher Qual ohn' Ende verzehrt,
Weil du nach eigenem Sinn,
Ohne Furcht vor Zeus, zu hoch
Die Menschen ehrst, Prometheus!
540
Zweite Strophe.
O wie fehlt für die Liebe die Liebe!
Wer, Theurer, kann dich retten
Von den Söhnen des Tags, wer steht dir bei? Du sah'st nicht,
Wie die nichtige Kraft der Unmacht,
Traumgestalten gleich, die Menschen,
545
Dieß blinde Geschlecht, in Bande verstrickt hält?
Nimmer vermag Zeus' ewigem Rath
Der Menschen Wille vorzugreifen.
Zweite Gegenstrophe.
Ich erkannt' es an dir, o Prometheus,
An deinem schweren Leide.
550
O wie anders umschwebt mich dieses Lied, wie anders,
Als jener Gesang, der am Brautbad
Dir von uns erklang, am Brautbett,
Zu der festlichen Lust, da du meine Hesione,
Durch hochzeitliche Gaben verlockt,
555
Heimführtest in der Liebe Lager!
(Jo, die Tochter des Inachos, von Here in eine Kuh verwandelt, kommt heftig auf die Bühne gestürmt; die Hörner an ihrer Maske deuten ihre Ver- wandlung an.)

Notes on the current edition

Prometheus Bound

1. θεῖτο M
2. μάλα μοι τοῦτ᾽ Hermann: ἀλλά μοι τόδ᾽ codd.
3. γυιοφθόροις supplet Dindorf
4. ἄχαρις χάρις Turnebus: χάρις ἄχαρις codd.
5. δέδεται add. Hermann, Meineke
6. οὔπως Paley: οὔποτε codd.
7. προσιδοῦσ᾽ recc.: προϊδοῦσ᾽ M
8. ἐκεῖνό θ᾽ ὅτ᾽ Brunck: ἐκεῖν᾽ ὅτε τότ᾽ M: ἐκεῖνό τε, ὅτ᾽ rec.
9. πείθων M, postea mutatum in πιθών

Commentary

Critical apparatus to Prometheus Bound (OCR draft) (Latin and Greek critical apparatus to Gottfried Hermann's 1852 edition of Prometheus Bound.) focus

526. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-592

ὅσον μάλιστα:
ὅσον τάχιστα
Par. L. Cantabr. 1.

527. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-593

δύας:
δύας
Μ. aliique et Ald. Turn.
βίας
G. Vit. Lips. Aug. aliique et Rob.

527. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-594

ἐκφυγγάνω:
ἐκφυγγάνω
Vit. Lips. Aug. In M. prius scriptum fuit
συφυγγάνω
, quod eadem manus in
ἐκφυγγάνω
mutavit.
ἐκφυγγανῶ
G. Vind. 1. 3. Antiatticista in Bekkeri Anecd. p. 95, 17.
ἐκφυγγάνω· Δίφιλος Εὐνούχῳ
.

528. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-595

μηδάμ᾽ ὁ πάντα:
μὴδ᾽ ἅμ᾽ ὁ πάντα
Lips.
μὴδ᾽ ἅμὰ πάντα
Aug.

529. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-596

θεῖτ':
θεῖτο
M. Vit. aliique et Ald.

530. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-597

ἐλινύσαιμι:
ἐλινύσαιμι
M. Vit. Rob.
ἐλλίνεσαιμι
G.
ἐλίνεσαι
Lips. Aug.
λυμανέαν
Ald. Turn.

530. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-598

ὁσίαις:
ὁσίαι
G.

531. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-599

θοίναις ποτινισσομένα:
θοίναις ποτινισομένα
Μ.
ποτινισσομένα θοίναις
Lips. Aug.

532. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-600

βουφόνοις:
βουφώνοις
G.

532. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-601

Ὠκεανοῦ: Codices et Ald. Rob.
Ὠκεανοῦ
. Ex Turnebi editione manavit
Ὠκεανοῖο
. Id non tenuissent editores, si cognitas habuissent leges huius Dorici metrorum generis. Blomfieldius rectius tacuisset quod sine iudicio scripsit Porsonus Hesychium hic legisse
Ὠκεανοῖο
. Nam sic ille,
Ὠκεανοῖο πόρον, τὸν ἀέρα, εἰς ὃν αἱ ψυχαὶ τῶν τελευτώντων ἀποχωροῦσιν
. Quae quid ad Aeschylum?

534. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-602

ἀλλά μοι τοῦτ': Omnes libri
ἀλλά μοι
. Deinde
τόδ' ἐμμένοι
G. Vit. ceterique plerique codices et Rob. Ita etiam M. sed ut
τ'
prius a manu secunda additum sit.
τόδε μένοι
Lips. Aug. Bess. Ald. Turn.
τόδ' ἐμμένει
Cantabr. 2. Par. F. K.
τόδ' ἐμμένη
Par. D.
μοι δ᾽ ἐμμένοι
Par. E. Quaesiverunt metri vitium critici in versu antistrophico. Sed neque iustam responsionem restituere potuerunt, et numeri potius stropham corrigendam esse ostendunt. Quare
ἀλλά
in
μάλα
mutavi,
τόδ
autem in
τοῦτ'
, idque etiam propterea praestat, quod
τόδε
fere ad sequentia refertur.

536. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-603

ἁδύ: Libri
ἁδύ
. Restitui Doricam formam.

536. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-604

θαρσαλέαις:
θαρσαλέαις
Lips.

537. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-605

τείνειν:
τείνειν
M. a prima manu: recentior priori syllabae
ε
, alteri
υ
superscripsit.

538. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-606

εὐφροσύναις:
εὐφροσύνῃ
, sed ab eadem manu superscripto
αις
, Vit.

539. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-607

δερκομένα:
δερκομένα
M. G. Vit. Lips. Aug. Cantabr. 1. Ven. 2. Par. A. B. C. N.
δερκομένη
editiones.

540. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-608

μόχθοις:
μόχθοις
ultimis duabus litteris a sec. manu M. Metra ostendunt deesse hic quattuor syllabas paeonem tertium efficientes. Excidisse videtur adverbium crudeliter vel immiserabiliter significans.

542. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-609

γνώμᾳ:
γνώμᾳ
M. et Mosq. 1.
γνώμῃ
G. Vit. Lips. Aug. edd. vett. Sciens ignaris verae scripturae
αὐτόνῳ γνώμᾳ
adnumeror. V. ad v. 534.

542. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-610

σέβει:
σέβη
vel
σέβῃ
libri.

543. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-611

θνητοὺς:
θνητούς
Lips. superscripto
ο
, et ceteri.
θνητοῖς
Ald. Rob.

544. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-612

ἄχαρις χάρις:
ἄχαρις
(non χάρις)
ἄχαρις
Μ.
χάρις ἄχαρις
ceteri.
ἄχαρις χάρις
primus Turnebus. Alio sensu Plutarchus de Socratis genio p. 583. F.
καὶ μὴν οὐδὲ ἀργόν, ἔφη, καθισόμεθα φρουροῦντες οἴκοι τὸν πλοῦτον· ἄχαρις γὰρ ἂν οὕτως ἡ χάρις καὶ ἄτιμος ἡ κτῆσις
. Aeschylus, ut hic, sic Agam. 1510. Choeph. 40.

544. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-613

εἰπέ, ποῦ τις ἀλκά: Plene interpunxi ante
ὦ φίλος
. Nam quod Blomfieldio placet,
ὅπως
cum
εἰπέ
construendum esse, sententiam praebet alienam ab huius loci ratione. Tantum abest enim ut chorus expediri sibi velit quomodo homines ingrati esse potuerint, ut id in illa eorum imbecillitate non posse non ita esse ipse fateatur. Scholiastarum alii
ὅπως
per
ἐπεί
explicant, alii vel interpretantur
φέρε
per
σκόπει
, vel intelligi hoc verbum volunt. Et profecto haec debet in his verbis sententia esse, en, ut ingrata gratia est. Recte
εἰπὲ ποῦ τίς ἀλκά
cum duplici interrogatione Vit.
εἰπὲ ποῦ τις ἀλκά
M. G. et Lips. in quo fuerat
ἀλκή
: male lectis litteris
εἰπὲ ποῦ τις ἀλληλὰ
Aug.
εἰπέ που τις
Ald. Rob.
εἰπέ που τίς
Turn. quod ineptissime dictum.

545. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-614

ἐφαμερίων:
ἐφαμέρων
G.

546. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-615

ὀλιγοδρανίαν:
ὀλιγοδρανίαν
Μ. G. aliique.
ὀλιγοδρανειαν
Vit.
ὀλιγοδρανίᾳ
Lips. Aug. edd. vett.
ὀλιγοδρανοῦσαν
non in G. est, sed commemoratum a Turnebo.

546. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-616

ἄκικυν:
ἄκικυν
ultimis tribus litteris a sec. manu M.

547. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-617

ᾧ: Quoniam in antistrophico versu libri habent
καὶ λέχος σὸν ὑμεναίουν
, erat quum putarem
ἰσόνειρον
ex interpretatione receptum esse pro
ὑπνόνειρον
. Sic enim talia explicant grammatici, similiterque in Choeph. v. 316.
ἰσόμοιρον
male scriptum est pro
ἀντίμοιρον
. Atque iussit ita scribi Reisigius in enarratione Oed. Col. ad v. 186. Nihil valet ad defendendam productam in
ἰσόνειρον
primam syllabam comparatum a Dindorfio
ἰσόθεος
, nec Pindari
ἰσοδαίμων
accipio. Sed ut antistrophicum potius versum emendemus numerorum ratio admonet, quae versum Anacreonteum eo magis commendat, quod, si hi trochaei essent, parum scite
καὶ
in antistrophico versu graviorem ictum haberet.
ᾧ
in litura, a sec. manu scripto, ut sub litura
o
apparere videatur, M. G.
ᾧ
, superscripto
ς
, Lips.
αἷς
Colb. 1. Bess. Ald.
ὃ
Rob. Turn. Omittit hoc pronomen Vit.

548. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-618

ἀλαὸν * δέδεται*: Deesse verbum post
ἀλαὸν
Brunckius vidit. Intercidisse autem tale quale
δέδεται
est, quod posui, non solum metra, sed oratio quoque arguit, quae si
ἐστὶ
intelligendum esset, quod supplent scholiastae, prosae quam poesi esset similior. Vel hanc ob caussam non potest admitti quod Dindorfius Aeschylum scripsisse putat,
ἀλαὸν γένος ἐμπεποδισμένον; οὔποτε θνατῶν τὴν Διὸς ἁρμονίαν ἀνδρῶν παρεξίασι βουλαί
.

548. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-619

οὔπως: Libri
οὔποτε
, quod non dubitavi in
οὔπω
mutare, metri antistrophici indicio.

550. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-620

θνατῶν:
θνητῶν
G. Quum in antistrophico versu iambus sit, vereor ne
βροτῶν
scribendum sit.

551. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-621

ἔμαθον τάδε σὰς:
ἔμαθον δὲ τὰς σὰς
Vit.

552. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-622

διαμφίδιον: Hesychius
διαμφίδιον μέλος, ἀλλοῖον, διαπαντὸς κεχωρισμένον· ἀμφίς γὰρ χωρίς· Αἰσχύλος Προμηθεῖ δεσμώτῃ
. Ne quis in articulo haereat, aut
τὸ διαμφίδιον
putet pro
διαμφιδίως
dici, qua Theocrito familiari ratione loquendi non utuntur tragici, moneo, poetam, quum dicere in animo haberet
τὸ διαμφίδιον δέ μοι μέλος προςέπτα, ὅτε ὑμεναίουν
, in medio explicandae sententiae caussa inserere
τόδ', ἐκεῖνο δέ
. Vsurpatum
διαμφίς
Dionysio periegetae v. 5. 903. 1136.

552. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-623

μέλος:
μέλεις
Lips.

553-554. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-624

τόδ', ἐκεῖνό θ᾽, ὅτ᾽ ἀμφὶ λουτρὰ καὶ λέχος σὸν:
τόδ' λουτρὰ καὶ
omittit Lips. in quo praecedens versus ultimus paginae est.
ἐκεῖν᾽ ὅτε τότ'
Μ.
ἐκεῖνό τε, ὅτ'
G.
ἐκεῖνό τε ὅ,τ᾽
Colb. 2.
ἐκεῖν᾽ ὅτ'
Vit. aliique.
ἐκεῖν᾽ ὅτε τ'
Ven. 2. aliique.
ἐκείνωτε ὅτ'
Ald.
ἐκεῖνογε ὅτ'
Rob.
ἐκεῖνό θ' ὅ,το
Victorius.
ἐκεῖνό θ' ὅτ'
Brunckius.
λουτρὰ καὶ λέχος σὸν
M. Vit. aliique et Rob.
λοετρὰ καὶ λέχος σὸν
(
σοι
G.) G. Par. B. Bess. Ald.
λουτρά τε καὶ λέχος σὸν
Cantabr. 1.
λοετρά τε καὶ λέχος σὺν
Turn. Mutavi haec ita ut cum strophico versu congruerent. Non habeo fidem Photio dicenti
ὑμεναιοῦν, τὸ ᾄδειν τὸν ὑμέναιον καὶ συνάπτειν τὸν γάμον
, sed prius illud
ὑμεναιεῖν
dici analogia postulat. Quod apud Aristophanem est in Pace v. 1076. 1112.
πρίν κεν λύκος οἶν ὑμεναιοῖ
, recte explicat scholiastes
εἰς γάμους ἄγοιτο
. Eodem modo Theocritus XXII. 179.
ὑμεναιώσουσι δὲ κούρας τάςδε
.

555. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-625

ἰότατι:
ἰότατι
M. Vit. aliique.
ἰότητι
G. Lips. Aug. edd. vett.

555. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-626

γάμων:
γάμον
Lips.

555. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-627

ὅτε τὰν:
ὅτε τὴν ὁμοπάτριον
post
ἕδνοις ἤγαγες Ἡσιόναν
, duorum versiculorum sedibus permutatis, Ald. Rob. Turn.
τὰν
, superscripto
η
, Lips. Id negligentius adspectum fecit ut in Aug.
τ'
scriberetur.

556. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-628

ἄγαγες:
ἤγαγες
G. Lips. Aug. Ald. Turn.
ἄγαγες
M. Vit. aliique et Rob.

556. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-629

Ἡσιόναν:
Ἡσιόναν
etiam M. sed ut recentior manus
η
ex
α
fecerit.
Ἡσιόναν
, superscripto
η
, Lips.
Ἡσιόνην
in litura G. De Hesiona nihil constat, nisi quod Tzetzes ad Lycophr. 1283. narrat, ex illa vel Axiothea Prometheo natum esse Deucalionem. Scholiastarum Aeschyli alii eam Oceani et Tethyis filiam fuisse commenti sunt,
ὁμοπάτριον
eam chori dici existimantes, alii sororem Promethei illo nomine vocari intellexerunt. Apud scholiastam Euripidis ad Phoen. 1129. ed. Matth. Hesiona ex Atlante mater est Electrae. Sapienter vero, quisquis ille fuit, qui Hesionam Promethei uxorem fecit. Compositum enim videtur hoc nomen ex iis verbis ex quibus sunt
ἵημι
et
ὄνησις
, ut significetur quae utilitates mittit.

557. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-630

πιθὼν:
πείθων
a pr. manu M. Recentior manus
πιθὼν
fecit.
ποθῶν
, superscriptο
ι
, Vit.

558. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-631

λεύσσειν:
λεύσειν
G. Vit. et a pr. manu M.

559. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-632

χαλινοῖς:
χαλινοῖσιν
M. Vit. Lips. aliique et Ald. Rob.
χαλινοῖσι
G.

559. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-633

ἐν πετρίνοισιν:
ἐν πετρίνοισι
, superscripto a sec. manu
τοῖς ὀρείοις
, Μ.
ἐν πετρίνοισι
, addito minutis litteris
τοῖς ὀρείοισι
, superscripto
τοῖς ὀρεινοῖς
, ad
πετρίνοισι
autem
ὀρείοις
, Vit.
ἐν πετρίνοισι τοῖς ὀρείοις
Lips. Aug. aliique et Ald. Rob.
ἐν πετρίνοισιν ὀρείοις
alii.
πετρίνοισι τοῖς ὀρείοις
, omisso
ἐν
, et facta correctione
πέτρῃσι
, G.
ἐν πετρίνοισι τοῖσιν ὀρείοις
Turn. Codicis M. scripturam dedit Victorius.

560. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-634

ἀμπλακίας:
ἀμπλακίας
M. G. Vit. Lips. Aug. aliique.
ἀμπλακίης
quattuor Vind. et edd. vett.

561. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-635

ποινὰς:
ποινὰς
M. aliique et Ald.
ποινᾶς
Vit. Aug. aliique et Turn.
ποινὰς
Par. E.
ποινᾶς
Rob. et a pr. manu G.

561. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-636

ὀλέκει:
ὀλέκεις
atque ita a sec. manu G.
ὀλέκῃ
Par. E.
ὀλέσῃ
Colb. 2. Ceteri
ὀλέκῃ
vel
ὀλέκη
. Gravius verbum
ὀλέκει
comprehendit in se
τίνεις
.

561. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-hermann1852-appcrit-lat1-637

ὅπῃ:
ὅποι
M. G. Ven. 3. Ceteri recte
ὅπῃ
, quod etiam Vit. e correctione primae manus habet, quae prius
ὅπου
scripsisse videtur.

English commentary on Prometheus Bound (OCR draft) (N. Wecklein, translated by F. D. Allen. Ginn & Company, 1893; compared with the 1891 printing. Printed commentary pages 31–144. Provisional alignment and unresolved OCR are visibly flagged.) focus

526-560. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-358

1
2
526-560. Second Stasimon. The subject - praise of peace with Heaven and a tranquil life - is sug- gested by the words of the cory- phaeus 519 τί γὰρ πέπρωται Ζηνὶ πλὴν ἀεὶ κρατεῖν ; The dactylo-epitritic rhythm corresponds with this senti- ment, and 'affords, in the midst of the heat of tragic pathos, a moment of refreshing coolness and cheerful calm' (Westphal). ποτε ἀντίπαλον κράτος ποιοῖτο τῇ ἐμῇ γνώμῃ, ἀντὶ τοῦ μηδέποτε ἐναντίος μοι γένοιτο, Schol. – θεῖτο κράτος ἀντίπα- λον: see on 163.

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3
4
529 f. ὁσίαις θοίναις: the sacrifi- cial feasts which the Oceanid maidens set for the gods on the shore of Ocean, remind one of the banquets of the Aethiopians in Homer (Il. i. 423 Ζεὺς γὰρ ἐς Ωκεανὸν μετ᾿ ἀμύμονας Αἰθιοπῆας χθιζὸς ἔβη κατὰ δαῖτα, θεοὶ δ᾽ ἅμα πάντες ἕποντο). The gods visit the banquets of the Oceanids, as in Ovid, Fast. iv. 423, frigida caeles- tum matres Arethusa voca- rat; venerat ad sacras et dea flava dapes. – βουφόνοις : cp. Eum. 283 καθαρμοῖς χοιροκτόνοις, Ag. 209 παρθενοσφάγοισι ῥείθροις.

532. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-360

5
6
532. ἄσβεστον πόρον : cp. 139. 526 ff. ὁ πάντα διοικῶν Ζεὺς μηδέ- Hesych. explains, ἄσβεστον· ἀκατά-
παυστον. Cp. also Ag. 958 ἔστιν θά- λασσα, τίς δέ νιν κατασβέσει; For πόρον, see 806; Cho. 366 παρὰ Σκα- μάνδρου πόρον, Pers. 493 ἐπ᾿ ᾿Αξίου πόρον.

534. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-361

7
8
534 f. τόδε: "the following rule of life.” – ἐκτακείη : ' videtur a scrip- tura in tabulis cereis petitum esse, quae igni admoto aut solis radiis colliquescit ideoque deletur' (Schütz). Cp. 789, and Critias Frg. 2, 12 λῆστις δ᾽ ἐκτήκει μνημοσύνην πραπίδων.

536. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-362

9
10
536. Cp. Theogn. 765 ὧδ᾽ εἴη κεν ἄμεινον· ἐΰφρονα θυμὸν ἔχοντας νόσφι μεριμνάων εὐφροσύνως διάγειν τερπομέ- νους.

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11
12
537. τὸν μακρὸν βίον : all the days of one's life. See on 449. – τείνειν : Pers. 708 ὁ μάσσων βίοτος ἣν ταθῇ πρόσω, Ag. 1362 ἢ καὶ βίον τείνοντες ὧδ᾽ ὑπείξομεν, Eur. Ion 624 βίου αἰῶνα τείνει, Med. 670 ἄπαις γὰρ δεῦρ᾽ ἀεὶ τείνεις βίον;

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13
14
538. φαναῖς ἐν εὐφροσύναις: cp. Plat. Phaedr. 256 Η εἰς γὰρ σκότον οὐ νόμος ἐστὶν ἔτι ἐλθεῖν τοῖς κατηργμένοις ἤδη τῆς ἐπουρανίου πορείας, ἀλλά φανὸν βίον διάγοντας εὐδαιμονεῖν. ἀλδαί- νουσαν: ἀλδαίνειν, like ἀλιταίνειν just above (533), is an epic word.

543. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-365

15
16
543. ἰδίᾳ: gives the right sense, but the metre requires a cretic. Probably idíą has replaced μουνάδι, as a gloss. Cp. ἰδιογνώμων and μονο- γνώμων, also μονόφρων Ag. 757; Pers. 734 μονάδα δὲ Ξέρξην ἔρημόν φασιν ... μολεῖν, Eur. Andr. 855 μονάδ᾽ ἔρημον οὖσαν, Bacch. 609 μονάδ᾽ ἐρημίαν, Phoen. 1520 μονάδ᾽ αἰῶνα. The tragic poets use the Ionic form μοῦνος for metrical convenience. Cp. 804 and note on 345.

544. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-366

17
18
544 f. φέρ᾿ ὅπως : pregnant, look how. δεῦρο δὴ καὶ σκόπησον, Schol. - ἄχαρις χάρις: ἡ χάρις ἣν ἐχαρίσω τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἄχαρις ἦν καὶ ἀμείψασθαί σε μὴ δυναμένη, Schol. Cp. Ag. 1545 ἄχαριν χάριν ἀντ᾽ ἔργων μεγάλων ἀδίκως ἐπικρᾶναι, Cho. 42 τοιάνδε χάριν ἀχάρι- τον ἀπότροπον κακῶν, Eur. Iph. Τ. 566, Phoen. 1757, and the Homeric "Ipos ῎Αϊρος (Od. xviii. 73); also note on 904. – ποῦ τίς: see on πῇ πότε, 99.

546. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-367

19
20
546 f. ἐφαμερίων : see on 83. With this description of human helpless- ness, cp. Ar. Αυ. 685 ἄγε δὴ φύσιν ἄνδρες ἀμαυρόβιοι, φύλλων γενεᾷ προσό- μοιοι, ὀλιγοδρανέες, πλάσματα πηλοῦ, σκιοειδέα φῦλ᾽ ἀμενηνά, ἀπτῆνες ἐφη- μέριοι, ταλαοὶ βροτοὶ, ἀνέρες εἰκελόνειροι. · ὀλιγοδρανίαν: with epic quantity before δρ. Homer uses the parti- ciple ὀλιγοδρανέων as equivalent to ὀλιγηπελέων. Cp. Orph. Argon. 432 ἀνθρώπων ὀλιγοδρανέων πολυεθνέα φύτ- λην ἤειδον. – ἄκικυς : ἀσθενής, ἀδύνατος, Hesych. Cp. Aesch. Frg. 230 σοὶ δ᾽ οὐκ ἔνεστι κῖκυς οὐδ᾽ αἱμόρρυτοι φλέβες, Od. xi. 393 ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γάρ οἱ ἔτ᾽ ἦν ἐς ἔμπεδος οὐδέ τι κίκυς.

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21
22
548 f. ἰσόνειρον : ι long, following epic usage, as in ἰσόθεος Pers. 80, ἰσοδαίμων Pind. Nem. iv. 136. For the sense, see on 448, and cp. Pind. Pyth. viii. 135 ἐπάμεροι· τί δέ τις; τί δ᾽ οὔ τις ; σκιᾶς ὄναρ ἄνθρωπος, Eur. Med. 1224 τὰ θνητὰ οὐ νῦν πρῶτον ἡγοῦμαι σκιάν. – φωτῶν : = ἀνδρῶν. Cp. Soph. Αί. 300 ὥστε φῶτας, in distinction to animals. – ἳ δέδεται: cp. Anth. Pal. νί. 296 ἐκ γήρως ἀδρανίῃ δέδεται.

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23
24
550 f. οὔπως... παρεξίασι βουλαί: cp. Suppl. 1048 Διὸς οὐ παρβατός ἐστιν μεγάλα φρὴν ἀπέραντος, Od. ν. 103 ἀλλὰ μάλ᾽ οὔπως ἔστι Διὸς νόον αἰγιόχοιο οὔτε παρεξελθεῖν ἄλλον θεὸν οὔθ᾽ ἁλιῶ- σαι, Hesiod Theog. 613 ὡς οὐκ ἔστι Διὸς κλέψαι νόον οὐδὲ παρελθεῖν, and see on 906. For παρεξίασι cp. also Il. i. 132 οὐ παρελεύσεαι οὐδέ με πείσεις, Soph. Ant. 60, εἰ νόμου βίᾳ ψῆφον τυράννων ἢ κράτη παρέξιμεν. — τὰν Διὸς ἁρμονίαν: ὑψηλῶς καὶ τραγικῶς τὸ τῆς εἱμαρμένης ὄνομα Διὸς ἁρμονίαν εἶπεν, Schol., but this is inconsistent with 514 ff. By ἁρμονία Διός is meant rather the compact system of Zeus's realm. Cp. 230 διεστοιχίζετο ἀρχήν.

555. mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-370

25
26
555. διαμφίδιον μέλος: ἀλλοῖον, δια- παντὸς κεχωρισμένον· ἀμφὶς γὰρ χωρίς · Αἰσχύλος Προμηθεῖ δεσμώτῃ, Hesych.

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27
28
556. τόδ᾽ ἐκεῖνό τε: for this use of τέ, cp. Eur. Cycl. 37 μῶν κρότος σικι- νίδων ὅμοιος ὑμῖν νῦν τε χώτε βακχίῳ κώμοις συνασπίζοντες ᾿Αλθαίας δόμους προσῇτε; - λουτρά: ἔθος ἦν τοῖς παλαιοῖς ὅτε ἔγημέ τις ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐγχω- ρίοις ποταμοῖς ἀπολούεσθαι, Schol. on Eur. Phoen. 349.

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29
30
558. ὑμεναιοῦν: τὸ ἄδειν τὸν ὑμέ- ναιον καὶ συνάπτειν τὸν γάμον, Photius.

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559. ἰότατι: an Homeric word. In Od. xi. 384 ἐν νόστῳ δ᾽ ἀπόλοντο κακῆς ἰότητι γυναικός, it means by the design of, but here it means on the occasion of. Cp. ἕκατι. τὰν ὁμοπάτριον : Hesione is daughter of Oceanus, ac- cording to Acusilaus (quoted Schol. Od. x. 2, ὡς δὲ ᾿Ακουσίλαος, Ησιόνης τῆς ᾿Ὠκεανοῦ καὶ τοῦ Προμηθέως, sc. Δευκαλίων ἦν υἱός). The expression ὁμοπάτριον implies that she is not a daughter of Tethys, the mother of the Oceanids.

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560. The scholiast interprets, ἕδνοις πείθων τὴν ἐσομένην σοι δάμαρτα κοινό- λεκτρον. The action of πείθων is syn- chronous with ἄyayes, but continued, so that πείθων ἕδνοις nearly = πειθοῖ ἕδνων. See Krüger I. § 53, 1, 7. Ср. Suppl. 918 τἄμ᾽ ὀλωλόθ᾽ εὑρίσκων ἄγω.

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561-886. Third Episode. Io and Prometheus. The myth of Io is connected with that of Prometheus by the person of Heracles, the libera- tor of Prometheus, who is descended from paphus, the son of Zeus and Io (see on 774). The appearance of Io therefore prepares the way for the introduction of Heracles in the Προ- μηθεὺς λυόμενος. But the immediate significance of this scene consists in the present relation of Zeus and Io. Io appears as innocent and yet perse- cuted; her sufferings, superficially considered, put Zeus in the worst possible light. Accordingly the in- dignation of Prometheus rises more and more, till at last, carried away by passion, he vaunts his secret in such terms that the interposition of Zeus becomes inevitable. So the transition to the catastrophe is pre- pared. The geographical part of this episode, with its description of marvels, like the scene of Heracles in the Προμηθεὺς λυόμενος (see below, Frg. VII. and VIII.), doubtless had a peculiar charm for the Athenians of the period. On the origin of the myth of Io, see Introd. p. 9, footnote. Io appears as a horned maiden (588, 674; so indi- cated by her mask). In early Greek art, especially in vase-paintings, she has the figure of a cow outright. On the throne of the Amyclaean Apollo, a work of the sculptor Bathycles (about Ol. 60), Hera was represented as glaring at Io, 'who is already a cow' (Paus. iii. 18. 7). On an archaic black-figured vase of the Munich collection (No. 573; see Panofka, Argos Panoptes, plate 5), Argus is seen, seated on the ground, a fero- cious figure with long hair and beard, and a huge eye in his shaggy breast; he holds in his hand a long cord, attached to the horns of a cow. Near by stands Hermes, grasping the cord near the horns with his left hand, and about to draw his sword with his right. Argus's dog
stands at bay in front of his master. Through the influence of this trag- edy, Io came later to be depicted in art as a maiden with horns. So, for instance, on a red-figured vase of the Berlin Museum (Panofka, l.c., plate 3). The stinging gadfly' of the legend (cp. Suppl. 306 BΑ. τί οὖν ἔτευξεν ἄλλο δυσπότμῳ βοΐ; ΧΟ. βοη- λάτην μύωπα κινητήριον, Verg. Georg. iii. 147 cui nomen asilo Ro- manum est, oestrum Graii vertere vocantes), which is mentioned in Io's narrative, 675 be- low, had also to be omitted in the scenic representation. The difficulty was met by a figurative conception of οἶστρος; the maddening sting was interpreted as the reminiscence of the crafty eye of Argos (567). — On account of the unusual manner of Io's entrance and exit, the anapaests which commonly accompany the ar- rival and departure of a personage are here and at 877 given to the actor, not to the chorus. So above, at the entrance of the chorus (120 ff.).