Sophocles Philoctetes 150

Robert Potter (Translator)

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Chorus
676
STRO. 1. Such miseries never did mine eyes behold;
675
But fame records from times of old
675
That when Ixion with ambitious love
Assay'd to stain the bed of Jove,
Seized by the Thunderer, on the whirling wheel
Enchain'd, such tortures he was doom'd to feel.
Else not the grief-assaulted ear,
Nor eye inured to scenes of woe,
680
Have known a fate like his severe :
Yet justice aims no vengeful blow;
His hands no deed of baseness stains,
And fraud his virtuous soul disdains.
Alone, exposed on this wild shore,
Hearing the billows round him roar,
685
I marvel how his mournful life he bore.
691
ANTIS. 1. In cheerless solitude these rocks among
With pain he dragg'd his steps along;
No social friend, no partner in his pains
Attentive hears while he complains,
From mutual anguish makes his mutual moan,
690
Re-echoes sigh for sigh, and groan for groan;
None, when his fierce envenom'd wound
Bursts ope, and spouts the boiling gore,
To cull the lenient herb is found
From bounteous nature's balmy store..
But (as a child, its nurse away,
695
With tottering foot attempts to stray)
695
Where best his food he may provide:
His feebly-rolling steps are tried,
Oft as his soul-consuming pains subside.
707
Him not the earth's rich fruits sustain,
Which from her sacred bounty rise;
Nor, food of men, the golden grain,
700
Which toil's inventive care supplies;
Nor aught, save birds that wing th' ethereal height,
If haply his swift shafts arrest their flight.
For ten long years no sparkling bowł
Cheer'd with the grape's rich juice his soul;
But where th' unruffled fount he saw,
705
"He hasted from the joyless stream to draw.
718
A noble youth he now hath found,
Who with his father's virtues glows;
By fortune now his patience crown'd,
He rises greater from his woes.
The bark shall waft him, after these sad hours,
710
To thy loved banks, Sperchius, where their bow'rs
The Melian Nymphs delight to twine;
Where Eta blazed with flames divine,
Whence glorious to the blest abodes
The hero rose a god among the gods.

Philoctetes. Sophocles. Robert Potter (Translator). London. 1820.

Current edition Experimental

English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Robert Potter, 1788))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 150 focus
Μέλον πάλαι μέλημά μοι λέγεις, ἄναξ,* Μέλον πάλαι μέλημά μοι λέγεις ἄναξ τὸ σὸν
150
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 135-217 focus
Translations (4)
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 150 focus
NEO
Well, go within.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 150 focus
Du mahnst, o Herr, an Sorgen, die mich längst erfüllt,
Waches Auges zu sein für deinen Vortheil.
150
Aber sage mir nun, welches Haus er einsam bewohnt,
Welcher Ort ihn verbirgt.
Denn wohl thut es noth, daß ich erkundige,
(Sonst fällt er unvermerkt mich an,)
Wo er verweilt und verkehrt und sich lagerte,
155
Ob innen oder draußen.
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 150 focus
Neoptolemus
What is the cause ?
740
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 135-215 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-371-1 ἐξήκους’ 1

mvp-comment-371-2 ὄπωπα δ’ οὐ μάλα 2

mvp-comment-372-1 τὸν πελάταν 3

mvp-comment-372-2 The comparison with Ixion is the more forcible here, since reference has just been made to the gratitude shown by Philoctetes (672). Ixion was the great example of ingratitude. Cp. Pind. P. 2. 21

θεῶν δ’ ἐφετμαῖς Ἰξίονα φαντὶ ταῦτα βροτοῖς
|
λέγειν ἐν πτερόεντι τροχῷ
|
παντᾷ κυλινδόμενον·
|
τὸν εὐεργέταν ἀγαναῖς ἀμοιβαῖς ἐποιχομένους τίνεσθαι
.

mvp-comment-372-3 λέκτρων … τῶν Διὸς 4 τῶν 5

mvp-comment-373-1 κατὰ δρομάδ’ ἄμπυκα … Κρόνου παῖς 6 Ἰξίονα 7 δέσμιον 8 Ἰξίονα 9 δέσμιον 10 Ἰξίονα 11

mvp-comment-373-2 (1) The poet's tendency to omit the proper name in mythical allusion, when the context made his meaning clear, might be illustrated from Ant, 133, where Capaneus is described, yet not named; and from 966—987 of the same play, where Cleopatra—whose fate is being compared with Antigone's—is only indicated as the mother of the Phineidae (980) and the daughter of Boreas (985).

mvp-comment-373-3 (2) δέσμιον 12 κατ’ ἄμπυκα … ἔβαλεν 13 δέσμιον 14 κατ’ 15 ἀν’ 16

mvp-comment-373-4 Ἰξίον’ ἀν’ ἄμπυκα δὴ δρομάδ’ ὡς ἔβαλεν 17 δέσμιον 18

mvp-comment-373-5 ἄμπυκα 19 δρομάδα 20

mvp-comment-373-6 Cp. Hesych.,

ἄμπυκες, τροχοί· οὕτω Σοφοκλῆς ἐν Φιλοκτήτη
. Musgrave's ἄντυγα 21

mvp-comment-374-1 τοῦδ’ 22

mvp-comment-375-1 οὔτ’ ἔρξας τιν’, οὔ τι νοσφίσας 23 οὔ τι 24 οὔτε 25 οὐκ 26 νοσφίσας 27 ἔρξας 28 νοσφίσας 29

mvp-comment-376-1 ἴσος ὢν ἴσοις 30 ἴσος ὢν ἴσοις 31 ἴσος 32

mvp-comment-376-2 L has ἴσως 33 ἐν ἴσοις 34 ἔν γ’ 35

mvp-comment-377-1 ὤλλυθ’ 36

mvp-comment-377-2 The MS. text here is ὤλλυθ’ ὧδ’ ἀναξίως· τόδε θαῦμ’ ἔχει με 37 τόδε τοι θαῦμά μ’ ἔχει 38 τότ’ ἂν εἰλυόμενος 39 ὤλλυθ’ ὧδ’ ἀναξίως 40 εἷρπε γὰρ 41 εἷρπε δ’ 42 ὤλλυθ’ 43 ὠλέκεθ’ 44 ὤλλυτο τῇδ’ 45 ἀναξίως 46 ἄλλᾳ 47 ἀλλ 48 αχ 49 ᾷ 50

mvp-comment-378-1 ἀμφιπλάκτων 51 κλύζων 52

mvp-comment-379-1 βιοτὰν κατέσχεν 53

mvp-comment-380-1 ἵν’ αὐτὸς ἦν πρόσουρος 54 ἦν 55 οἱ 56 πρόσουρος 57

mvp-comment-380-2 οὐκ ἔχων βάσιν 58 πρόσουρον οὐκ ἔχων βάσιν 59 πρόδουλον … βάσιν 60 οὔτιν’ ἐς ἔγχωρον 61

mvp-comment-381-1 κακογείτονα 62

mvp-comment-381-2 Compounds to which

κακός
gives the first part are of two classes, according as the
κακο‐
element is (1) adj. or (2) subst. In class (1) there are again two types. ( a) The commonest is that of
κακόβιος
, =
κακὸν βίον ἔχων
: i.e., the compound denotes ‘possessing’ the subst. as qualified by
κακός
. ( b) A rarer, chiefly poet., type is that of
Κακοΐλιος
as simply=
κακὴ Ἴλιος
. In class (2) ( a) the
κακο‐
is most often equiv. to the subst.
κακόν
or
κακά
in the acc., governed by a verb: as
κακοποιός
=
κακὰ ποιῶν
. ( b) But sometimes this
κακο‐
represents a gen. or dat., depending on another noun: thus
κακόμαντις
, ‘prophet of evil’ ( Aesch. Pers. 10 etc.)=
κακῶν μάντις
. Cratinus used
κακόδουλος
as =
κακὸς δούλοις
(‘cruel to slaves’),
Θρᾷτται
fr. 7. And so
κακογείτων
could belong either to (1) b,=
κακὸς γείτων
: or, as it actually does here, to (2) b,
κακῶν γείτων
. Cp.
ἁλιγείτων, ἀστρογείτων, ἀστυγείτων
.

mvp-comment-381-3 The schol. joined κακογείτονα 63 στόνον 64 κακογείτονα 65

mvp-comment-382-1 παρ’ ᾧ 66 ἀποκλαύσειεν 67

mvp-comment-382-2 ἀντίτυπον 68

mvp-comment-382-3 βαρυβρῶτα … αἱματηρόν 69 στόνον 70

mvp-comment-383-1 ὃς τὰν 71 οὐδ’ ὃς τὰν 72 οὐδ’ 73 τὰν 74 ὃς τὰν 75 οὐδ’ ὃς 76

mvp-comment-383-2 αἱμάδα 77 κηκι—ομέναν 78

mvp-comment-383-3 ἑλκέων 79

mvp-comment-383-4 ἐνθήρου 80

mvp-comment-384-1 εἴ τις ἐμπέσοι 81 ἑλών 82 ἑλεῖν 83

mvp-comment-384-2 Some read εἴ τιν’ ἐμπέσοι 84 εἵ τι 85 συμπέσοι 86 ἑλεῖν 87

mvp-comment-384-3 φορβάδος 88

mvp-comment-385-1 εἷρπε 89 ἂν 90 εἷρπε 91 εἰλυόμενος 92

mvp-comment-386-1 παῖς … ὡς 93

mvp-comment-387-1 ὅθεν 94 ὅθεν ὑπάρχοι 95

mvp-comment-387-2 εὐμάρεια … πόρου 96 πόρων 97 πόρον 98

mvp-comment-387-3 ἐξανείη 99

mvp-comment-387-4 δακέθυμος 100

mvp-comment-388-1 ἱερᾶς 101

mvp-comment-388-2 αἴρων 102

mvp-comment-388-3 ἄλλων 103 φορβὰν 104 τῶν 105

mvp-comment-388-4 ἀλφησταί 106

mvp-comment-388-5 ἀνέρες 107 α— 108

mvp-comment-389-1 πτανοῖς 109

mvp-comment-389-2 ἰοῖς 110

mvp-comment-390-1 ψυχά, ὃς 111

mvp-comment-390-2 ὃς μηδ’ 112

mvp-comment-390-3 ἥσθη 113

mvp-comment-390-4 οἰνοχύτου 114

mvp-comment-390-5 δεκέτει χρόνῳ 115 δεκέτη χρόνον 116

mvp-comment-391-1 λεύσσων 117 ὅπου γνοίη 118 προσενώμα 119 εἰς στατὸν ὕδωρ 120 γνοίη 121 προσενώμα 122 στατὸν … ὕδωρ 123

mvp-comment-392-1 ἀνδρῶν ἀγ 124

mvp-comment-392-2 ὑπαντήσας 125

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

675-714. mvp-comment-477-1 The preceding scene was calculated to deepen the feeling of compassion for Philoctetes, which had already been awakened both in Neoptolemus and in the Chorus. His generous willingness to trust them with his all, contrasted with their felt dissimulation, has intensified the sympathy which Neoptolemus afterwards avows, 905, 965, 6. Yet the Chorus do not imagine for a moment that their master will relinquish his purpose. Hence, while sincerely pouring forth their lament over Philoctetes' innocent sufferings (which they can only compare with the torment of the guilty Ixion), and really rejoicing in the prospect of his deliverance, they maintain, as in duty bound (since they are within hearing of the cave), the deceptive notion of the voyage to Trachis, and make no mention of Troy. But it must be borne in mind that from the prophecy of Helenus, of which they knew, they had every reason to suppose that the return to Troy, though Philoctetes was averse to it, would be for his good. While this stasimon is being sung (whether by half-choruses or by the whole together), Neoptolemus is with Philoctetes in the cave, and is finding still more cogent evidence of his misery. This stasimon consists of two strophes and antistrophes, of which the first are chiefly logaoedic, the second chiefly choriambic.

675-714. mvp-comment-477-2 α'.
1 _uu_u_u_
_uu__uu_u_
_uu_uu_
_uu_u_u_u_
5 _u_u_u_
10 __u_u_u__
_u_u_

1 Cp. Aesch. Suppl. 550. 2 Ion. anacl., infr. p. 451, β' 15 and note 3.
β'.
_uu_u_ _
_uu_u_ _
_uu_u_uu__
_uu_uu__
5 __u_ _
_uu_u_uu_u_uu_u_
_u_uu___u_uu_u_
_uu__

675. mvp-comment-478-1 ὄπωπα δ᾽ οὐ μάλα] ‘Though I never actually saw.' μάλα emphasizes οὐκ ὄπωπα, because seeing is more than hearing. The sorrow of Philoctetes is patent to the eye.

676. mvp-comment-479-1 ποτέ belongs to the verbal notion in πελάταν. Cp. supr. 147.

677. mvp-comment-480-1 Ιξίονα (see v. rr.) is omitted in the text as possibly arising from a gloss. Cp. Trach. 840.

678. mvp-comment-481-1 ἄμπυξ is (a) a frontlet; hence (b) may be here understood to mean the convex external surface of a wheel. ἄμπυκα δρομάδα = 'A rolling rim.' A conjectural reading, ἄντυγα, was proposed by Musgrave. But ἄντυξ, in the literal sense, is no more 'a wheel' than ἄμπυξ.

679. mvp-comment-482-1 ἔβαλεν] Although ἔλαβε, the MS. reading, is not impossible, if we suppose δέσμιον proleptic ('seized bound' for 'seized and bound'), ἔβαλεν gives a better sense. Cp. O. C. 475. Mr. Paley reads, κατ᾿ ἄμπυκα δὴ δρομάδ᾽ ὡς βάλε δέσμιον ὁ π. Κ. π. For the metre of this, cp. infr. 863, 4, 1114, 5; О. С. 253, 4.

680. mvp-comment-483-1 For ἐσίδον, which is the reading of the first hand of L. and of Par. A, cp. El. 205.

681. mvp-comment-484-1 τοῦδ᾽ ἐχθίονι] See Essay on L. § 10. p. 15, 2 a.

682. mvp-comment-485-1 'Who having neither harmed nor defrauded any.' Cp. Od. 4. 690, οὔτε τινὰ ῥέξας ἐξαίσιον, οὔτε τι εἰπών. The use of ἔρδειν absolutely for ἔρδειν τι κακόν is singular, but is assisted by νοσφίσας following. Cp. the frequent use of παθεῖν τι for παθεῖν τι κακόν. Mr. Paley strangely interprets, 'Having imprisoned any' (as if from ἔργω).

683. mvp-comment-486-1 ἔν *γ᾽ ἴσοις] This, Hermann's, emendation of ἐν ἴσοις is adopted as the most probable. 'Just, at least amongst the just; i.e. One sure to have been esteemed righteous, if he had lived amongst righteous men. Cp. (for the form of expression, not for the meaning οἱ ἴσος) O. T. 677, ἐν δὲ τοῖσδ᾽ ἴσος. The force of ye is to throw blame by implication on the Argives at Troy, who treated Philoctetes as if he had been a malefactor.

684. mvp-comment-487-1 The metre requires some change. Dindorf reads ὠλέκεθ᾽ ὧδ᾽. But τῇδε has more point than ὧδε, and connects better with what follows.

685. mvp-comment-488-1 τόδε. . ἔχει] 'At this I marvel.' τόδε is accusative after θαῦμ᾽ ἔχει με = θαυμάζω. Cp. Od. 20. 217, αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ τόδε θυμὸς .. πόλλ᾽ ἐπιδινεῖται.

686. mvp-comment-489-1 'How then he retained his hold of a life so steeped in tears.' Cp. supr. 535, διέζων and note, infr. 1158-60.

687. mvp-comment-490-1 ἵν᾿ αὐτὸς ἦν πρόσουρος] Sc. ἑαυτῷ. Schndw. cp. Lucian. Timon. θεοῖς θυέτω καὶ εὐωχείσθω μόνος ἑαυτῷ γείτων καὶ ὅμορος. The phrase is an oxymoron. Cp. Aesch. Cho. 866, μόνος ὢν ἔφεδρος, (‘Having none to second him'). οὐκ ἔχων βάσιν] 'Without power of movement.' Cp. supr. 632, ἄπουν, and, for the meaning of the verbal noun, supr. 18, ἐνθάκησις, and note. Bothe's ingenious correction, ἵν᾽ αὐτὸς ἦν, πρόσουρον οὐκ ἔχων βάσιν ( cp. supr. 171, μηδὲ σύντροφον ὄμμ᾽ ἔχων), is inadmissible, (1) as too diffuse, and (2) because αὐτός εἶμι, “I am by myself,' is not a poetical expression for the misery of solitude. This and the following lines are an echo and expansion of Philoctetes' complaint, supr. 280 foll. ἄνδρα δ᾽ οὐδέν᾽ ἔντοπον, | οὐχ ὅστις ἀρκέσειεν, οὐδ᾽ ὅστις νόσου | κάμνοντι συλλάβοιτο. Lambinus gives an odd explanation of πρόσ-ουρος, 'expositus ventis.'

688. mvp-comment-491-1 κακογείτονα] ‘To be a neighbour to his misery.’ This, as Lessing saw (Laoc. p. 37), = γείτονα κακῶν οἱ ἐν κακοῖς.

689-691. mvp-comment-492-1 By bringing *τάν from before θερμοτάταν, where it injures the metre, to before βαρυβρῶτ', where a syllable is required, we obtain a possible construction for these lines. In whose ear he might lament, with groaning that had response (ἀντίτυπον), the disease (τάν, sc. νόσον) so cruelly gnawing, so dripping with gore.

689. mvp-comment-493-1 στόνον ἀντίτυπον is thus cognate accusative with ἀποκλαύσειεν, i.e. So as to receive groan for groan.' Cp. Ant. 592, ἀντιπλῆγες ἀκταί.

692. mvp-comment-494-1 ἐνθήρου] ( Cp. supr. 226, ἀπηγριωμένον) 'That has lost the human shape,' no longer recognizable as that of a human being. Cp. Aesch. Ag. 562, τιθέντες ἔνθηρον τρίχα. The etymological analysis of the word is difficult, perhaps = θηρσὶν ἐναριθμούμενος.

693. mvp-comment-495-1 εἴ τις ἐμπέσοι (sc. αἱμάς)] 'If any attacked him;' i.e. If the bleeding at any time came on.

694. mvp-comment-496-1 φορβάδος.. ἑλεῖν] ‘Or to take them' (the herbs) 'from the sustaining earth.' There is a slight change of construction; i. e ἑλεῖν = ὅστις ἕλοι, and the order of language, as elsewhere ( Essay on L. § 41, B. p. 77 ) reverses the order of fact. This passage has given needless trouble. Mr. Paley reads ἕλοι.

695. mvp-comment-497-1 *εἶρπε.. ἄν] Cp. supr. 290 foll. *ἀλλαχά] This is the simplest change (see v.rr.), which restores correspondence of strophe and antistrophe. Others read ἀτίμως for ἀναξίως in supr. 686. So τότε is antecedent to ἁνίκα in 704.

696. mvp-comment-498-1 εἰλυόμενος . . τιθήνας] 'Crawling, like a child without the kindly nurse.' So the Chorus expand the suggestive word εἰλυόμην in 291; i.e. He needed the support of hands as well as feet in the rocky paths.

697. mvp-comment-499-1 ὅθεν εὐμάρει᾽ ὑπάρχοι] 'To the place where a supply for his wants (the herb for his pain, the birds for his hunger) was to be found.' πόρον.. ἐξανείη] 'Left him the power of motion; i. e. Allowed him to move again. As the pain might be said ἐμποδίζειν πόρον, so when it ceases it is said ἐξανιέναι πόρον. Cp. Aj.674-6. This seems the most likely interpretation of a difficult passage. For other suggestions, see Herm., Schndw., Nauck, Dindorf, Paley.

699-700. mvp-comment-500-1 (1) 'Not lifting for his sustenance the sown-produce' ( cp. Hdt. 4.53) 'of the sacred earth, nor sustenance afforded by other things which we, industrious men, enjoy.' If this is right, φορβάν, which in l. 706 is in apposition to σπόρον ( cp. Plat. Legg. 12. 958 E, ὅσα τροφὴν μήτηρ οὖσα ἡ γῆ πέφυκε βούλεσθαι φέρειν), is to be resumed in l. 707 as the immediate object of αἴρων. (2) Another way is to take σπορόν (sic) as an adjective. Cp. τορός, τομός. 'Not taking up the sown sustenance afforded by the sacred earth, nor the sustenance afforded by other things, etc.'

702. mvp-comment-501-1 πτανῶν πτανοῖς] (1) 'From his winged arrows by means of winged birds' (ὀρνέοις, Scholiast). Cp. supr. 288, 9, τὰς ὑποπτέρους | βάλλον πελείας. Or (2) 'With winged shafts (instrum. dat.) he contrived a sustenance consisting of winged birds' (gen. of material). There is no sufficient ground for suspecting the reading. Perhaps, however, πτανάν, agreeing with φορβάν, would be better than πτανῶν. Cp. infr. 1146, πταναὶ θῆραι. For the tautology in φορβάδος, φορβάν, φορβάν, see Essay on L. § 44. pp. 83, 4.

703. mvp-comment-502-1 ψυχά] Cp. supr. 55 and note.

704. mvp-comment-503-1 For the genitive with ἥσθη, see Essay on L. § 10. p. 16, 5 , and, for the dative χρόνῳ, ibid. § 11. p. 18, b.

705. mvp-comment-504-1 λεύσσων . . εἰς] 'Looking to,' in dependence. Cp. El. 925, μηδὲν ἐς κεῖνόν γ᾽ ὅρα. στατόν] The remark of Odysseus, supr. 21, εἴπερ ἐστὶ σῶν, showed that the fountain was not an abundant one, such as would afford a perennial stream of living water.

706. mvp-comment-505-1 αἰεὶ προσενώμα] 'Fetched it for his daily need.' He had the labour of fetching it continually as he required it.

707. mvp-comment-506-1 ἀνδρῶν ἀγαθῶν] ‘Of a brave hero,' i. e. Achilles. Poetical plural. παιδὶ συναντήσας is a good conjecture of Fröhlich.