Sophocles Philoctetes 927

Richard Jebb (Translator)

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Philoctetes. Sophocles. Richard Jebb (Translator). Cambridge. 1898.

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Funding provided by The Annenberg CPB/Project.

Current edition Experimental

Philoctetes (English) (Sophocles the plays and fragments, Part 4: The Philoctetes. Jebb, Richard Claverhouse, Sir, translator. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1898. (Modernized by Perseus.))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 927 focus
ὦ πῦρ σὺ καὶ πᾶν δεῖμα δημα δεῖμα καὶ πανουργίας

ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ

δεινῆς τέχνημ᾽ ἔχθιστον, οἷά μ' εἰργάσω (εἰρ)γάσω,
οἷ᾽ ἠπάτηκας· οὐδ᾽ ἐπαισχύνει μ᾽ ὁρῶν
τὸν προστρόπαιον, τὸν ἱκέτην, ὦ σχέτλιε;
930
ἀπεστέρηκας τὸν βίον τὰ τόξ᾽ ἑλών.
ἀπόδος, ἱκνοῦμαί σ᾽ ἱκνοῦμ᾽, ἀπόδος, ἱκετεύω, τέκνον.
πρὸς θεῶν πατρῴων, τὸν βίον με μἀφέλῃς μή μ' ἀφέλῃς μή μου 'φέλησ μ᾿ ἀφέλης.
ὤμοι τάλας, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ προσφωνεῖ προφωνεῖ προσφωνεῖν μ᾽. μ᾽ ἔτι,
ἀλλ᾽ ὡς μεθήσων μήποθ', ὧδ᾽ ὁρᾷ πάλιν.
935
ὦ λιμένες, ὦ προβλῆτες, ὦ ξυνουσίαι
θηρῶν ὀρείων, ὦ καταρρώγες πέτραι,
ὑμῖν τάδ', οὐ γὰρ ἄλλον οἶδ᾽ ὅτῳ λέγω,
ἀνακλαίομαι παροῦσι τοῖς εἰωθόσιν,
οἷ᾽ ἔργ᾽ ὁ παῖς μ' ἔδρασεν οὐξ ᾿Αχιλλέως·
940
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 927 focus
Translations (4)
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 927 focus
O thou fire,
Thou terror of the world! Dark instrument
Of ever-hateful guile!—What hast thou done?
How thou hast cheated me! Art not ashamed
To look on him that sued to thee for shelter?
930
O heart of stone, thou hast stolen my life away
With yonder bow!—Ah, yet I beg of thee,
Give it me back, my son, I entreat thee, give!
By all thy father worshipped, rob me not
Of life!—Ah me! Now he will speak no more,
But turns away, obdúrate to retain it.
935
O ye, my comrades in this wilderness,
Rude creatures of the rocks, O promontories,
Creeks, precipices of the hills, to you
And your familiar presence I complain
Of this foul trespass of Achilles’ son.
Sworn to convey me home, to Troy he bears me.
940
And under pledge of his right hand hath ta’en
And holds from me perforce my wondrous bow,
The sacred gift of Zeus-born Heracles,
Thinking to wave it midst the Achaean host
Triumphantly for his. In conquering me
945
He vaunts as of some valorous feat, and knows not
945
He is spoiling a mere corse, an empty dream,
The shadow of a vapour. In my strength
He ne’er had vanquished me. Even as I am,
He could not, but by guile. Now, all forlorn,
I am abused, deceived. What must I do?
950
Nay, give it me. Nay, yet be thy true self!
Thou art silent. I am lost. O misery!
Rude face of rock, back I return to thee
And thy twin gateway, robbed of arms and food,
To wither in thy cave companionless:—
No more with these mine arrows to destroy
955
Or flying bird or mountain-roving beast.
But, all unhappy! I myself must be
The feast of those on whom I fed, the chase
Of that I hunted, and shall dearly pay
In bloody quittance for their death, through one
Who seemed all ignorant of sinful guile.
960
Perish,—not till I am certain if thy heart
Will change once more,—if not, my curse on thee!
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 927 focus
Du Feuerbrand, du Grauen, du feindseliges
Gewebe falscher Trügerei, wie thust du mir,
Wie hast du mich betrogen, und erröthest nicht,
Mich Schuzbefohl'nen, Fleh'nden anzuseh'n, o Schalk?
900
Den Bogen raubend, raubtest du mein Leben mir.
Ach gib, ich flehe, gib mir ihn zurück, o Kind;
Bei deiner Ahnen Göttern, nimm mein Leben nicht!
Weh, wehe! Nicht mit einem Laut entgegnet er:
Nein, wie ihn nie zu lassen, blickt der Arge weg.
905
Ihr Buchten dort, ihr schroffen Felsabhänge, du
Bergwild, Genosse meines Grams, ihr Klippen hier,
Euch klag' ich keinem Andern ja vermag ich es,
Ihr seid zugegen, hört mich stets in meinem Leid
Euch klag' ich, euch, was mir Achilleus' Sohn gethan:
910
Führt mich nach Troja, der mich heimzuführen schwur,
Gibt mir die Hand zum Pfande, raubt das heilige
Geschoß, Herakles' Bogen, mir, des Sohns von Zeus,
Und will zur Schau mich stellen vor Achäa's Heer!
Wie einen Starken führt er mit Gewalt mich fort,
915
Nicht ahnend, daß er Luftgebild' und Leiche schlägt,
Des Rauches Schatten. Hätt' ich Kraft, er sing mich nie;
Denn auch den Kraftberaubten fing er nur mit List.
Nun - so betrogen, was beginn' ich Armer nun?
Gib mir zurück ihn, werde wieder, der du warst!
920
Was ist's? Du schweigst. Ich bin vernichtet, wehe mir!
Du Fels mit deinem Doppelthor, ich schleiche nun
Nackt, ohne Nahrung, wiederum zu dir zurück;
Einsam verschmachten werd' ich hier in dieser Kluft,
Und kein beschwingter Vogel noch des Berges Wild
925
Erliegt von diesen Pfeilen mehr; selbst werd' ich todt
Ein Mahl für jene, deren Fleisch mich sättigte,
Und, die zuvor ich jagte, jagen nun mich selbst.
Mit meinem Tode büß' ich Armer ihren Tod
Durch diesen, der kein Böses mir zu kennen schien.
930
Noch lebe, stirb nicht, eh' ich weiß, ob etwa noch
Dein Sinn sich wendet; anders stirb des Bösen Tod!
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 927 focus
Thou worst of men, thou vile artificer
Of fraud most infamous, what hast thou done ?
How have I been deceived? Dost thou not bhish
To look upon me, to behold me thus
Beneath thy feet imploring? Base betrayer !
930
To rob me of my bow, the means of hfe,
The only means — give 'em, restore 'em to me !
Do not take all ! Alas ! he hears me not,
Kor deigns to speak, but casts an angry look
That says I never shall be free again.
O mountains, rivers, rocks, and savage herds !
935
To you I speak — to you alone I now
Must breathe my sorrows ; you are wont to hear.
My sad complaints, and I will tell you all
That I have suffered from Achilles' son,
Who, bound by solemn oath to bear me hence
To my dear native soil, now sails for Troy.
940
The perjured wretch lii-st gave his plighted hand,
Then stole the sacred arrows of my friend,
The son of Jove, the great Alcides ; those
He means to show the Greeks, to snatch me hence
This empty shade, were worthy of his arm.
945
Had I been what I was, he ne'er had thus
945
Subdued me, and e'en now to fraud alone
He owes the conquest . I have been betiuyed !
Give me my arms again, and be thyself
Once more. Oh, speak ! Thou wilt not? Then I'm lost.
O my poor hut ! again I come to thee
950
Naked and destitute of food ; once more
Receive me, here to die ; for now, no longer
Shall my swift arrow reach the flying prey,
Or on the mountains pierce the wandering herd ;
1 shall myself afford a banquet now
To those I used to feed on — they the hunters.
955
And I their easy prey ; so shall the blood
Which I so oft have shed be paid by mine ;
And all this too fron him whom once I deemed
Stranger to fraud nor capable of ill ;
And yet I will not curse thee till I know
Whether thou still retainst thy horrid purpose,
960
Or dost repent thee of it ; if thou dost not,
Destruction wait thee !
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 927 focus
Thou wasting fire, thou every thing to sense
Most hideous, thou detested instrument
Of horrid villainy, what hast thou done?
How hast thou wrong'd me? How deceived me? Wretch,
Dost thou not blush to see me at thy knees
930
A suppliant? Thou hast robb'd me of my life,
Taking my bow. I pray thee give it back,
Restore it, I implore thee, O my son;
Ah, take not, by the gods that guard thy hearth,
Take not what yields my life support, away!
Unhappy me! He speaks not yet, but looks
935
As he would never part with it again.
935
Ye ports, ye cliffs projecting o'er the waves,
Ye herds of mountain-beasts, yecraggy rocks,
To you (none other have I to address)
To you, who oft have heard me, I complain
Of these my wrongs. He swore to me, this youth,
Son of Achilles, swore to bear me home;
940
To Troy he bears me: pledging his right hand
He took the sacred bow of Hercules,
And now detains it. To the Grecian host
Vaunting his prowess, as some manly might
He had subdued, he drags me hence by force;
Nor knows he that his conquest is obtain'd
945
O'er one long dead, the shadow of a smoke,
A flitting phantom. Had these nerves the strength
Which once they had, he would not triumph now;
Nor but by fraud this conquest hath he gain'd.
With falsehoods, wretched me! I am betray'd';
What can I do?... But give me back my bow;
950
Be thou again thyself. What dost thou say??
Still art thou silent? Ah, I am undone!..
Thou double opening of my rock, again
I enter thee, but of my arms deprived,
The means of my subsistence, in thy cave
To waste away alone, nor winged bird
955
Nor mountain-beast with these my shafts to pierce,
955
But 'midst my woes to die, to be a feast
To those on whom I feasted, and a prey
To those on whom I prey'd, and recompense
Slaughter with slaughter: thus am I betray'd
By one, whose heart, I thought, ne'er harbour'd ill.
I will not curse thee yet, till I shall learn
960
If honour once more may thy purpose change:
If not, may ruin seize thee and base death!

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-506-1 πῦρ 1 πῦρ 2 δεῖμα 3

mvp-comment-506-2 πᾶν δεῖμα 4 δεῖμα 5

mvp-comment-506-3 πανουργίας … τέχνημα 6 τέχνημα 7

mvp-comment-507-1 εἰργάσω 8

mvp-comment-508-1 τὸν προστρόπαιον 9

mvp-comment-509-1 τὸν βίον 10

mvp-comment-509-2 932 A dactyl is here followed by a tribrach, as in 1029 we have two tribrachs. In both verses the rhythm marks agitation.

mvp-comment-510-1 θεῶν πατρῴων 11

mvp-comment-510-2 με μὴ ἀφέλῃ 12

mvp-comment-511-1 προσφωνεῖ 13

mvp-comment-511-2 ὡς μεθήσων μήποθ’ 14 ὁρᾷ πάλιν 15

mvp-comment-512-1 λιμένες 16 προβλῆτες 17

mvp-comment-512-2 ξυνουσίαι θηρῶν 18

mvp-comment-512-3 καταρρῶγες 19

mvp-comment-513-1 λέγω 20

mvp-comment-513-2 ἀνακλαίομαι 21

mvp-comment-513-3 παροῦσι 22 τοῖς εἰωθόσιν 23 παροῦσι 24

mvp-comment-514-1 ὀμόσας 25

mvp-comment-514-2 προσθείς 26 προθείς 27

mvp-comment-515-1 ἱερὰ 28 τοῦ Ζηνὸς Ἡρακλέους 29 ἱερὰ 30 τοῦ Ζ. Ἡρ 31 τοῦ Ζ. Ἡρακλ. 32

mvp-comment-516-1 φήνασθαι 33 φήνασθαι 34 φήνασθαι 35

mvp-comment-516-2 Seyffert, placing only a comma after θέλει 36 κοὐχ ὡς 37 κοὐκ οἶδ’ 38 ὡς 39 κοὐχ ὡς 40 ὡς 41 θέλει 42 ὡς ἑλὼν 43

mvp-comment-517-1 κοὐκ οἶδ’ 44

mvp-comment-517-2 ἐναίρων νεκρὸν 45

mvp-comment-517-3 καπνοῦ σκιάν 46

mvp-comment-517-4 εἴδωλον ἄλλως 47 ἄλλως 48

mvp-comment-518-1 ἐπεὶ οὐδ’ 49

mvp-comment-519-1 ἀλλ’ 50

mvp-comment-519-2 ἀλλὰ νῦν 51

mvp-comment-519-3 ἐν σαυτῷ γενοῦ 52 ἔτι 53 ἐν σαυτοῦ 54

mvp-comment-520-1 σιωπᾷς 55 οὐδέν εἰμ’ 56

mvp-comment-521-1 ὦ σχῆμα πέτρας δίπυλον 57 σχῆμα 58

mvp-comment-521-2 αὖθις αὖ πάλιν 59

mvp-comment-521-3 953 The MSS. and edd. give πρὸς σὲ 60 πρός σε 61

mvp-comment-521-4 ψιλός 62

mvp-comment-522-1 αὐανοῦμαι 63

mvp-comment-523-1 πτηνὸν 64 ὀρειβάτην 65

mvp-comment-523-2 τοισίδ’ 66 τοισίδ’ 67 τοῖσδ’ ἔτ’ 68

mvp-comment-524-1 παρέξω δαῖτα 69 ὑφ’ ὧν ἐφερβ 70

mvp-comment-524-2 Wunder proposes

ἀφ’ ὧν
, objecting that
ὑφ’ ὧν
implies active ministration, ‘as by a nurse.’ It is true that
τρέφομαι ὑπό τινος
properly refers to the nurse, while the source of nourishment is denoted by
τινί, ἀπό τινος
, or
ἔκ τινος
( cp. 535 ). But here Ph. is poetically saying that he had forced the beasts to become his
τροφεῖς
,—as he will now be theirs; and so ὑπό 71 ἀπό 72

mvp-comment-525-1 καί μ’ 73 κἄμ’ 74 ἐθήρων 75 θηράσουσι 76

mvp-comment-526-1 ῥύσιον 77 φόνον φόνου … ῥύσιον τείσω 78 φόνου 79

mvp-comment-526-2 τοῦ δοκοῦντος 80

mvp-comment-526-3 οὐδὲν εἰδέναι κακόν 81

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

927-962. mvp-comment-652-1 In this passionate outburst Philoctetes first reproaches Neoptolemus, then appeals to his feelings of honour and compassion, then meekly supplicates him. Then (934), when Neoptolemus turns away to hide the impression thus made on him, Philoctetes, thinking him obdurate, complains to the unconscious companions of his solitude. His speech insensibly returns to Neoptolemus, with whom he again pleads, first indirectly, then with one brief direct appeal (l.950). When this is answered by silence, he yields to despair, and turns his face and his complaint towards the lonesome cave. Once more (961) his mind reverts to him who has been so cruel, but had seemed so guileless, and before cursing him, he waits to know whether Neoptolemus will even yet repent.

927. mvp-comment-653-1 πῦρ] Cp. O. T. 190, 1, and note. πᾶν δεῖμα] In this and similar expressions ( supr. 622) it is doubted whether πᾶς is distributive or intensive, attributive or predicative. (1) πᾶν distributive: i. e. 'terror of every kind' (not only πῦρ). (2) πᾶν intensive, 'entire' or 'utter terror.' The latter is more probable. 'Thou that art fire and terror unrelieved.' πανουργίας . . ἔχθιστον] · 'Most hateful piece of knavish villany.' For the abstract neuter substantive applied to persons in expressing dislike, cp. λάλημα, μίσος, λῆμα, etc. So φθέγμα in expressing affection.

929-930. mvp-comment-654-1 οὐδ᾽ ἐπαισχύνει.. σχέτλιε] This is more forcible when taken interrogatively as a separate sentence. It is otherwise with the brief clause οὐδ' ἐπαισχύνει λέγων in Αj. 1307.

930-932. mvp-comment-655-1 The iteration and the broken rhythm (l.932 has three trisyllabic feet) are expressive of distracted feeling.

935. mvp-comment-656-1 ὧδ'] 'Even so.' For the emphatic resumption of the antecedent, see E. on L. § 40. p. 75. πάλιν] 'The opposite way.' 'Avertit vultum.' Brunck. Cp. Eur. Med. 411, καὶ δίκα καὶ πάντα πάλιν στρέφεται.

936. mvp-comment-657-1 προβλῆτες] The substantive is more easily omitted with πέτραι following in the next line.

936-937. mvp-comment-658-1 ξυνουσίαι θηρῶν ὀρείων] 'Wild comrades of the hills.' Cp. supr. 184, 5, στικτῶν ἢ λασίων μετὰ θηρῶν, and for the abstract word, Eur. Alc. 606, ἀνδρῶν Φεραίων εὐμενὴς παρουσία.

939. mvp-comment-659-1 ἀνακλαίομαι] 'I complain in my own behalf.' Such is the force of the middle voice. Cp. Antiphon, 119, 24, ἀποστερούμενος δὲ ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν μηδὲ τὰς παρούσας ἀτυχίας ἀνακλαύσασθαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἀπορῶ εἰς ἥντινα ἄλλην σωτηρίαν χρή με καταφυγεῖν, Trach. 153. εἰωθόσιν] Sc. παρεῖναι.

940. mvp-comment-660-1 Cp. supr. 260, and note.

942. mvp-comment-661-1 χεῖρα δεξιάν] Cp. supr. 813, and note. And for προστίθημι in a similar connection, cp. El. 47, ὅρκῳ προστιθείς: Fr. 428, ὅρκου δὲ προστεθέντος ἐπιμελεστέρα | ψυχὴ κατέστη.

943. mvp-comment-662-1 For the slight transposition of the order of the words = ἱερὰ τοῦ .. Ἡρακλέους, λαβὼν ἔχει, see Essay on L. § 41. p. 77. Ιn τοῦ Ζηνὸς Ἡρακλέους the second genitive has become a sort of epithet. Cp. Ant. 154, ὁ Θήβας . Βάκχιος.

944. mvp-comment-663-1 φήνασθαι] 'To show them as his own.'

945. mvp-comment-664-1 ἐκ βίας μ' ἄγει] ‘He seeks to carry me away by force.' In taking the bow, Neoptolemus tries to force Philoctetes to depart. Philoctetes feels this, though he prefers to die.

946-947. mvp-comment-665-1 Ср. О. C. 109, 10, οἰκτείρατ᾿ ἀνδρὸς Οἰδίπου τόδ᾽ ἄθλιον | εἴδωλον, οὐ γὰρ δὴ τὸ γ' ἀρχαῖον δέμας.

947-948. mvp-comment-666-1 οὐ γὰρ.. δόλῳ] These words are especially calculated to wound the pride of Neoptolemus.

949. mvp-comment-667-1 τί . . δρᾶν] He returns upon himself for a moment, but, finding no resource, makes one more effort to reach the heart of Neoptolemus. He is met with silence.

950. mvp-comment-668-1 Cp. Ant. 552, τί δῆτ᾽ ἂν ἀλλὰ νῦν σ᾽ ἔτ᾿ ὠφελοῖμ᾽ ἐγώ; For ἐν σαυτῷ γενοῦ, 'Return to thy true self,' cp. Xen. An. 1. 5. 17, ἀκούσας ταῦτα ὁ Κλέαρχος ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἐγένετο : Aj. 639,40, οὐκέτι συντρόφοις ὀργαῖς ἔμπεδος. The other idiom, ἐν σαυτοῦ, read in Par. A. ('esto apud te,' Lamb.), is a humorous expression unsuited for tragedy.

952. mvp-comment-669-1 σχῆμα πέτρας δίπυλον] 'Rock formed with twofold doorway,' i.e. πέτρα δίπυλος ἐσχηματισμένη. For a similar periphrasis, cp. Eur. Alc. 911, ὦ σχῆμα δύμων, πῶς εἰσέλθω ; ‘A common periphrasis for any object that presents itself to the eye in a familiar form.' Paley. αὖθις αὖ πάλιν] Supr. 930, 932.

953. mvp-comment-670-1 ψιλός .. τροφήν] 'Without means of defence or sustenance.' Cp. Αj. 1123, κἂν ψιλὸς ἀρκέσαιμι σοί γ' ὡπλισμένῳ : infr. 1125, 6, χερὶ πάλλων | τὰν ἐμὰν μελέου τροφάν.

954. mvp-comment-671-1 αὐανοῦμαι] There can be no doubt about this reading, though the notion of a 'second death' (see v. rr. and cp. νεκρόν, supr. 946) has infected the MSS. τῷδ᾽ ἐν αὐλίῳ] Cp. supr. 19, infr. 1087.

957. mvp-comment-672-1 For the suppressed antecedent (τοῖς οἱ ἐκείνοις), cp. Εl. 1060, τροφᾶς κηδομένους ἀφ᾽ ὧν . . βλάστωσιν.

959. mvp-comment-673-1 ῥύσιον] 'In requital.' ῥύσιον is (a) that which is rescued from plunder, (b) what is taken in reprisal, (c) an act of reprisal or requital.

960. mvp-comment-674-1 For πρός, κ.τ.λ. after a verb in the active voice, see Essay on L. § 36. p. 64.