Sophocles Philoctetes 232

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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PHI
927
O thou fire,
Thou terror of the world! Dark instrument
Of ever-hateful guile!—What hast thou done?
How thou hast cheated me! Art not ashamed
To look on him that sued to thee for shelter?
930
O heart of stone, thou hast stolen my life away
With yonder bow!—Ah, yet I beg of thee,
Give it me back, my son, I entreat thee, give!
By all thy father worshipped, rob me not
Of life!—Ah me! Now he will speak no more,
But turns away, obdúrate to retain it.
935
O ye, my comrades in this wilderness,
Rude creatures of the rocks, O promontories,
Creeks, precipices of the hills, to you
And your familiar presence I complain
Of this foul trespass of Achilles’ son.
Sworn to convey me home, to Troy he bears me.
940
And under pledge of his right hand hath ta’en
And holds from me perforce my wondrous bow,
The sacred gift of Zeus-born Heracles,
Thinking to wave it midst the Achaean host
Triumphantly for his. In conquering me
945
He vaunts as of some valorous feat, and knows not
945
He is spoiling a mere corse, an empty dream,
The shadow of a vapour. In my strength
He ne’er had vanquished me. Even as I am,
He could not, but by guile. Now, all forlorn,
I am abused, deceived. What must I do?
950
Nay, give it me. Nay, yet be thy true self!
Thou art silent. I am lost. O misery!
Rude face of rock, back I return to thee
And thy twin gateway, robbed of arms and food,
To wither in thy cave companionless:—
No more with these mine arrows to destroy
955
Or flying bird or mountain-roving beast.
But, all unhappy! I myself must be
The feast of those on whom I fed, the chase
Of that I hunted, and shall dearly pay
In bloody quittance for their death, through one
Who seemed all ignorant of sinful guile.
960
Perish,—not till I am certain if thy heart
Will change once more,—if not, my curse on thee!

Philoctetes. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 232 focus
ἀλλ᾽, ὦ ξέν, ἴσθι τοῦτο πρῶτον, οὕνεκα
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 219-390 focus
Translations (4)
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 219 focus
Weh, Fremdlinge!
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 232 focus
Ulysses
But I say it must be so.
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 232 focus
Philoctetes
Thou art not base, but by base men impell'd
To shameful actions hither art thou come.
On them (such recompense is just) return
Their arts, and sail; but give me back my arms.
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 219-390 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-506-1 πῦρ 1 πῦρ 2 δεῖμα 3

mvp-comment-506-2 πᾶν δεῖμα 4 δεῖμα 5

mvp-comment-506-3 πανουργίας … τέχνημα 6 τέχνημα 7

mvp-comment-507-1 εἰργάσω 8

mvp-comment-508-1 τὸν προστρόπαιον 9

mvp-comment-509-1 τὸν βίον 10

mvp-comment-509-2 932 A dactyl is here followed by a tribrach, as in 1029 we have two tribrachs. In both verses the rhythm marks agitation.

mvp-comment-510-1 θεῶν πατρῴων 11

mvp-comment-510-2 με μὴ ἀφέλῃ 12

mvp-comment-511-1 προσφωνεῖ 13

mvp-comment-511-2 ὡς μεθήσων μήποθ’ 14 ὁρᾷ πάλιν 15

mvp-comment-512-1 λιμένες 16 προβλῆτες 17

mvp-comment-512-2 ξυνουσίαι θηρῶν 18

mvp-comment-512-3 καταρρῶγες 19

mvp-comment-513-1 λέγω 20

mvp-comment-513-2 ἀνακλαίομαι 21

mvp-comment-513-3 παροῦσι 22 τοῖς εἰωθόσιν 23 παροῦσι 24

mvp-comment-514-1 ὀμόσας 25

mvp-comment-514-2 προσθείς 26 προθείς 27

mvp-comment-515-1 ἱερὰ 28 τοῦ Ζηνὸς Ἡρακλέους 29 ἱερὰ 30 τοῦ Ζ. Ἡρ 31 τοῦ Ζ. Ἡρακλ. 32

mvp-comment-516-1 φήνασθαι 33 φήνασθαι 34 φήνασθαι 35

mvp-comment-516-2 Seyffert, placing only a comma after θέλει 36 κοὐχ ὡς 37 κοὐκ οἶδ’ 38 ὡς 39 κοὐχ ὡς 40 ὡς 41 θέλει 42 ὡς ἑλὼν 43

mvp-comment-517-1 κοὐκ οἶδ’ 44

mvp-comment-517-2 ἐναίρων νεκρὸν 45

mvp-comment-517-3 καπνοῦ σκιάν 46

mvp-comment-517-4 εἴδωλον ἄλλως 47 ἄλλως 48

mvp-comment-518-1 ἐπεὶ οὐδ’ 49

mvp-comment-519-1 ἀλλ’ 50

mvp-comment-519-2 ἀλλὰ νῦν 51

mvp-comment-519-3 ἐν σαυτῷ γενοῦ 52 ἔτι 53 ἐν σαυτοῦ 54

mvp-comment-520-1 σιωπᾷς 55 οὐδέν εἰμ’ 56

mvp-comment-521-1 ὦ σχῆμα πέτρας δίπυλον 57 σχῆμα 58

mvp-comment-521-2 αὖθις αὖ πάλιν 59

mvp-comment-521-3 953 The MSS. and edd. give πρὸς σὲ 60 πρός σε 61

mvp-comment-521-4 ψιλός 62

mvp-comment-522-1 αὐανοῦμαι 63

mvp-comment-523-1 πτηνὸν 64 ὀρειβάτην 65

mvp-comment-523-2 τοισίδ’ 66 τοισίδ’ 67 τοῖσδ’ ἔτ’ 68

mvp-comment-524-1 παρέξω δαῖτα 69 ὑφ’ ὧν ἐφερβ 70

mvp-comment-524-2 Wunder proposes

ἀφ’ ὧν
, objecting that
ὑφ’ ὧν
implies active ministration, ‘as by a nurse.’ It is true that
τρέφομαι ὑπό τινος
properly refers to the nurse, while the source of nourishment is denoted by
τινί, ἀπό τινος
, or
ἔκ τινος
( cp. 535 ). But here Ph. is poetically saying that he had forced the beasts to become his
τροφεῖς
,—as he will now be theirs; and so ὑπό 71 ἀπό 72

mvp-comment-525-1 καί μ’ 73 κἄμ’ 74 ἐθήρων 75 θηράσουσι 76

mvp-comment-526-1 ῥύσιον 77 φόνον φόνου … ῥύσιον τείσω 78 φόνου 79

mvp-comment-526-2 τοῦ δοκοῦντος 80

mvp-comment-526-3 οὐδὲν εἰδέναι κακόν 81

mvp-comment-527-1 ὄλοιο 82

mvp-comment-527-2 μήπω 83 μήπω 84

mvp-comment-527-3 πρὶν μάθοιμ’ 85

mvp-comment-527-4 εἰ καὶ πάλιν 86 καὶ 87 εἰ 88 καὶ 89 εἰ καὶ πάλιν 90

mvp-comment-527-5 καὶ 91 πάλιν 92 μετοίσεις 93 πάλιν μετοίσεις 94

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

927-962. mvp-comment-652-1 In this passionate outburst Philoctetes first reproaches Neoptolemus, then appeals to his feelings of honour and compassion, then meekly supplicates him. Then (934), when Neoptolemus turns away to hide the impression thus made on him, Philoctetes, thinking him obdurate, complains to the unconscious companions of his solitude. His speech insensibly returns to Neoptolemus, with whom he again pleads, first indirectly, then with one brief direct appeal (l.950). When this is answered by silence, he yields to despair, and turns his face and his complaint towards the lonesome cave. Once more (961) his mind reverts to him who has been so cruel, but had seemed so guileless, and before cursing him, he waits to know whether Neoptolemus will even yet repent.

927. mvp-comment-653-1 πῦρ] Cp. O. T. 190, 1, and note. πᾶν δεῖμα] In this and similar expressions ( supr. 622) it is doubted whether πᾶς is distributive or intensive, attributive or predicative. (1) πᾶν distributive: i. e. 'terror of every kind' (not only πῦρ). (2) πᾶν intensive, 'entire' or 'utter terror.' The latter is more probable. 'Thou that art fire and terror unrelieved.' πανουργίας . . ἔχθιστον] · 'Most hateful piece of knavish villany.' For the abstract neuter substantive applied to persons in expressing dislike, cp. λάλημα, μίσος, λῆμα, etc. So φθέγμα in expressing affection.

929-930. mvp-comment-654-1 οὐδ᾽ ἐπαισχύνει.. σχέτλιε] This is more forcible when taken interrogatively as a separate sentence. It is otherwise with the brief clause οὐδ' ἐπαισχύνει λέγων in Αj. 1307.

930-932. mvp-comment-655-1 The iteration and the broken rhythm (l.932 has three trisyllabic feet) are expressive of distracted feeling.

935. mvp-comment-656-1 ὧδ'] 'Even so.' For the emphatic resumption of the antecedent, see E. on L. § 40. p. 75. πάλιν] 'The opposite way.' 'Avertit vultum.' Brunck. Cp. Eur. Med. 411, καὶ δίκα καὶ πάντα πάλιν στρέφεται.

936. mvp-comment-657-1 προβλῆτες] The substantive is more easily omitted with πέτραι following in the next line.

936-937. mvp-comment-658-1 ξυνουσίαι θηρῶν ὀρείων] 'Wild comrades of the hills.' Cp. supr. 184, 5, στικτῶν ἢ λασίων μετὰ θηρῶν, and for the abstract word, Eur. Alc. 606, ἀνδρῶν Φεραίων εὐμενὴς παρουσία.

939. mvp-comment-659-1 ἀνακλαίομαι] 'I complain in my own behalf.' Such is the force of the middle voice. Cp. Antiphon, 119, 24, ἀποστερούμενος δὲ ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν μηδὲ τὰς παρούσας ἀτυχίας ἀνακλαύσασθαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἀπορῶ εἰς ἥντινα ἄλλην σωτηρίαν χρή με καταφυγεῖν, Trach. 153. εἰωθόσιν] Sc. παρεῖναι.

940. mvp-comment-660-1 Cp. supr. 260, and note.

942. mvp-comment-661-1 χεῖρα δεξιάν] Cp. supr. 813, and note. And for προστίθημι in a similar connection, cp. El. 47, ὅρκῳ προστιθείς: Fr. 428, ὅρκου δὲ προστεθέντος ἐπιμελεστέρα | ψυχὴ κατέστη.

943. mvp-comment-662-1 For the slight transposition of the order of the words = ἱερὰ τοῦ .. Ἡρακλέους, λαβὼν ἔχει, see Essay on L. § 41. p. 77. Ιn τοῦ Ζηνὸς Ἡρακλέους the second genitive has become a sort of epithet. Cp. Ant. 154, ὁ Θήβας . Βάκχιος.

944. mvp-comment-663-1 φήνασθαι] 'To show them as his own.'

945. mvp-comment-664-1 ἐκ βίας μ' ἄγει] ‘He seeks to carry me away by force.' In taking the bow, Neoptolemus tries to force Philoctetes to depart. Philoctetes feels this, though he prefers to die.

946-947. mvp-comment-665-1 Ср. О. C. 109, 10, οἰκτείρατ᾿ ἀνδρὸς Οἰδίπου τόδ᾽ ἄθλιον | εἴδωλον, οὐ γὰρ δὴ τὸ γ' ἀρχαῖον δέμας.

947-948. mvp-comment-666-1 οὐ γὰρ.. δόλῳ] These words are especially calculated to wound the pride of Neoptolemus.

949. mvp-comment-667-1 τί . . δρᾶν] He returns upon himself for a moment, but, finding no resource, makes one more effort to reach the heart of Neoptolemus. He is met with silence.

950. mvp-comment-668-1 Cp. Ant. 552, τί δῆτ᾽ ἂν ἀλλὰ νῦν σ᾽ ἔτ᾿ ὠφελοῖμ᾽ ἐγώ; For ἐν σαυτῷ γενοῦ, 'Return to thy true self,' cp. Xen. An. 1. 5. 17, ἀκούσας ταῦτα ὁ Κλέαρχος ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἐγένετο : Aj. 639,40, οὐκέτι συντρόφοις ὀργαῖς ἔμπεδος. The other idiom, ἐν σαυτοῦ, read in Par. A. ('esto apud te,' Lamb.), is a humorous expression unsuited for tragedy.

952. mvp-comment-669-1 σχῆμα πέτρας δίπυλον] 'Rock formed with twofold doorway,' i.e. πέτρα δίπυλος ἐσχηματισμένη. For a similar periphrasis, cp. Eur. Alc. 911, ὦ σχῆμα δύμων, πῶς εἰσέλθω ; ‘A common periphrasis for any object that presents itself to the eye in a familiar form.' Paley. αὖθις αὖ πάλιν] Supr. 930, 932.

953. mvp-comment-670-1 ψιλός .. τροφήν] 'Without means of defence or sustenance.' Cp. Αj. 1123, κἂν ψιλὸς ἀρκέσαιμι σοί γ' ὡπλισμένῳ : infr. 1125, 6, χερὶ πάλλων | τὰν ἐμὰν μελέου τροφάν.

954. mvp-comment-671-1 αὐανοῦμαι] There can be no doubt about this reading, though the notion of a 'second death' (see v. rr. and cp. νεκρόν, supr. 946) has infected the MSS. τῷδ᾽ ἐν αὐλίῳ] Cp. supr. 19, infr. 1087.

957. mvp-comment-672-1 For the suppressed antecedent (τοῖς οἱ ἐκείνοις), cp. Εl. 1060, τροφᾶς κηδομένους ἀφ᾽ ὧν . . βλάστωσιν.

959. mvp-comment-673-1 ῥύσιον] 'In requital.' ῥύσιον is (a) that which is rescued from plunder, (b) what is taken in reprisal, (c) an act of reprisal or requital.

960. mvp-comment-674-1 For πρός, κ.τ.λ. after a verb in the active voice, see Essay on L. § 36. p. 64.

961. mvp-comment-675-1 ὄλοιο μή πω] 'Perish-not yet!' The curse already on his lips ( ὅλοιο) is suspended by the addition of the negative and changed to ὄλοιο μή πω, κ.τ.λ. then finally resumed in θάνοις. πρὶν μάθοιμ᾽] Cp. supr. 325, and note.

962. mvp-comment-676-1 καί] Cp. infr. 1270, οὔκουν ένεστι καὶ μεταγῶναι πάλιν;