Sophocles, Ajax, Lewis Campbell (Translator), 95

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AI
430

Ay me!
430

Could human thought have prophesied
430

My name would thus give echo to mine ill?
430

‘Ai’ now for Aias, doubly, trebly said,
430

Sorts all too well to mark my misery;
430

Whose father from this land of Troy, as noblest
430

Of all the host, carrying the fairest prize,
430

Came girt about with glory to his home.
430

But I his son, not less of might than he,
430

Nor poorer in the achievements of my hand,
430

To this same region following in my prime,
430

Am scouted by the Achaeans and destroyed.
430

Yet know I one thing well. Had Peleus’ child,
430

Living, adjudged his armour as a meed
430

Of well-tried bravery, no grasp save mine
430

Had clutched it. But the Atridae with mean craft
430

Conveyed his heirloom to a wit-proud knave,
430

Whilst Aias’ peerless prowess was despised.
430

And had not this mine eye and mind distraught
430

Glanced from my purpose, ne’er again had they
430

Perverted judgement. But the invincible
430

Stern daughter of the Highest, with baneful eye,
430

Even as mine arm descended, baffled me,
430

And hurled upon my soul a frenzied plague,
430

To stain my hand with these dumb victims’ blood.
430

And those mine enemies exult in safety,—
430

Not with my will; but where a God misguides,
430

Strong arms are thwarted and the weakling lives.
430

Now, what remains? Heaven hates me, ’tis too clear:
430

The Grecian host abhor me: Troy, with all
430

This country round our camp, is my sworn foe.
430

Shall I, across the Aegean sailing home,
430

Leave these Atridae and their fleet forlorn?
430

How shall I dare to front my father’s eye?
430

How will he once endure to look on me,
430

Denuded of the prize of high renown,
430

Whose coronal stood sparkling on his brow?
430

No! ’twere too dreadful. Then shall I advance
430

Before the Trojan battlements, and there
430

In single conflict doing valiantly
430

Last die upon their spears? Nay, for by this
430

I might perchance make Atreus’ offspring glad.
430

That may not be imagined. I must find
430

Some act to let my grey-haired father feel
430

No heartless recreant once called him sire.
430

Shame on the wight who when beset with ill
430

Cares to live on in misery unrelieved.
430

Can hour outlasting hour make less or more
430

Of death? Whereby then can it furnish joy?
430

That mortal weighs for nothing-worth with me,
430

Whom Hope can comfort with her fruitless fire.
430

Honour in life or honour in the grave
430

Befits the noble heart. You hear my will.
430

Ajax. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (4)

Αἴας μαστιγοφόρος First1KGreek (Sophocles. Sophoclis Aiax. Lobeck Christian, editor. Berlin: Weidmann, 1866.) — 172-201 focus

str. 1

ΧΟΡΟΣ

1

ᾖ ῥά σε Ταυροπόλα Διὸς Ἄρτεμις,

ὦ μεγάλα φάτις, ὦ

μᾶτερ αἰσχύνας ἐμᾶς,

ὥρμασε πανδάμους ἐπὶ βοῦς ἀγελαίας,
175

ἦ πού τινος νίκας ἀκάρπωτον χάριν,

ἤ ῥα κλυτῶν ἐνάρων

ψευσθεῖσ’, ἀδώροις εἴτ’ ὲλαφηβολἐαις.

ἢ χαλκοθώραξ ἥντιν’ Ἐννυάλιος

μομφὰν ἔχων
180

ξυνοῦ δορὸς, ἐννυχίοις μαχαναῖς

ἐτίσατο λώβαν.

ant. 1

ΧΟΡΟΣ

1

Οὐ, τοτε γὰρ φρενόθεν γ’ ἐπ’ ἀριστερὰ,

παῖ Τελαμῶνος, ἔβας

τόσσον ὲν ποίμναις πίτνων·
185

ἥκοι γὰρ ἂν θεία νόσος· ἀλλ’ ἀπερύκοι

καὶ Ζεὺς κακὰν καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀργείων φάτιν ·

εἰ δ’ ὑποβαλλόμενοι

κλέπτουσι μύθους οἱ μεγάλοι βασιλῆς

ἢ τᾶς ἀσώτου Σισυφιδᾶν γενεᾶς,
190

μὴ, μή μ’, ἄναξ,

ἔθ’ ὦδ’ ἐφάλοις κλισίαις ὄμμ’ ἔχων

κακὰν φάτιν ἄρῃ.

ep.

ΧΟΡΟΣ

1

Ἀλλ’ ἄνα ἐς ἐδράνων, ὅπου μακραίωνι

στηρίζει ποτὲ τᾷδ’ ἀγωνίῳ σχολᾷ
195

ἄταν οὐρανίαν φλέγων

ἐχθρῶν δ’ ὕβρις ὧδ’ ἀτάρβηθ’

ὁρμᾶται ὲν εὐανέμοις βάσσαις,

πάντων καγχαζόντων

γλώσσαις βαρυάλγητα·
200

200 ἐμοὶ δ’ ἄχος ἕστακεν.

Αἴας First1KGreek (Sophocles. Sophoclis Fabulae. Pearson, Alfred Chilton, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.) — 172-200 focus

str. 1

Χορός

1

ἦ ῥά σε Ταυροπόλα Διὸς Ἄρτεμις,

ὦ μεγάλα φάτις, ὦ

μᾶτερ αἰσχύνας ἐμᾶς, ὥρ-

μασε πανδάμους ἐπὶ βοῦς ἀγελαίας,
175

ἦ πού τινος νίκας ἀκάρπωτον χάριν,

ἤ ῥα κλυτῶν ἐνάρων

ψευσθεῖσʼ, ἀδώροις εἴτʼ ἐλαφαβολίαις;

ἢ χαλκοθώραξ εἴ τινʼ Ἐνυάλιος

μομφὰν ἔχων ξυνοῦ δορὸς ἐννυχίοις
180

μαχαναῖς ἐτείσατο λώβαν;

ant. 1

Χορός

1

οὔποτε γὰρ φρενόθεν γʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερά,

παῖ Τελαμῶνος, ἔβας

¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹

τόσσον ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων· ἥ-

κοι γὰρ ἂν θεία νόσος· ἀλλʼ ἀπερύκοι
185

καὶ Ζεὺς κακὰν καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀργείων φάτιν.

εἰ δʼ ὑποβαλλόμενοι

κλέπτουσι μύθους οἱ μεγάλοι βασιλῆς,

ἢ τᾶς ἀσώτου Σισυφιδᾶν γενεᾶς,

μὴ μηκέτʼ, ὦναξ, ὧδʼ ἐφάλοις κλισίαις
190

ὄμμʼ ἔχων κακὰν φάτιν ἄρῃ.

ep.

Χορός

ἀλλʼ ἄνα ἐξ ἑδράνων

ὅπου μακραίωνι

στηρίζει ποτὲ τᾷδʼ ἀγωνίῳ σχολᾷ,

ἄταν οὐρανίαν φλέγων.
195

ἐχθρῶν δʼ ὕβρις ὧδʼ ἀτάρβητα

ὁρμᾶτʼ ἐν εὐανέμοις βάσσαις,

πάντων καχαζόντων

γλώσσαις βαρυάλγητα·

ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος ἕστακεν.
200

Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 95 focus

ἔβαψας ἔγχος εὐ πρὸς ᾿Αργείων στρατῷ στρατὸν;

Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 172-200 focus

Χορός

ἦ ῥά σε Ταυροπόλα Διὸς Ἄρτεμις—

ὦ μεγάλα φάτις, ὦ

μᾶτερ αἰσχύνας ἐμᾶς—

ὥρμασε πανδάμους ἐπὶ βοῦς ἀγελαίας,
175

ἦ πού τινος νίκας ἀκάρπωτον χάριν,

ἤ ῥα κλυτῶν ἐνάρων

ψευσθεῖσʼ, ἀδώροις, εἴτʼ ἐλαφαβολίας;

ἢ χαλκοθώραξ μή τινʼ Ἐνυάλιος

μομφὰν ἔχων ξυνοῦ δορὸς ἐννυχίοις
180

μαχαναῖς ἐτίσατο λώβαν;

182

Χορός

οὔ ποτε γὰρ φρενόθεν γʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερά,

παῖ Τελαμῶνος, ἔβας

τόσσον, ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων·
185

ἥκοι γὰρ ἂν θεία νόσος· ἀλλʼ ἀπερύκοι

καὶ Ζεὺς κακὰν καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀργείων φάτιν.

εἰ δʼ ὑποβαλλόμενοι

κλέπτουσι μύθους οἱ μεγάλοι βασιλῆς

ἢ τᾶς ἀσώτου Σισυφιδᾶν γενεᾶς,
190

μὴ μή, ἄναξ, ἔθʼ ὧδʼ ἐφάλοις κλισίαις

ὄμμʼ ἔχων κακὰν φάτιν ἄρῃ.

193

Χορός

ἀλλʼ ἄνα ἐξ ἑδράνων, ὅπου μακραίωνι

στηρίζει ποτὲ τᾷδʼ ἀγωνίῳ σχολᾷ

ἄταν οὐρανίαν φλέγων.
195

ἐχθρῶν δʼ ὕβρις ὧδʼ ἀτάρβητα

ὁρμᾶται ἐν εὐανέμοις βάσσαις,

πάντων καγχαζόντων

γλώσσαις βαρυάλγητα·

ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος ἕστακεν.
200

Translations (4)

German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 101 focus

Gut; welches Schicksal aber traf Laertes' Sohn?

Was thatst du diesem? Oder ist er dir entfloh'n?

Ajas.

Nach jenem schlau durchtriebnen Fuchse fragst du mich?

Athene.

Ja wohl; Odysseus mein' ich, der dein Gegner iſt.

Ajas.

Der sizt, o Herrin, drinnen, gar ein süßer Fang,
105

Gebunden: sterben soll er mir noch nicht so schnell.

Athene.

Was willst du schaffen, was gewinnen noch zuvor?

Ajas.

Ich will ihn fesseln an die Säul' in meinem Zelt -

Athene.

Und welches Uebel willst du da dem Armen thun?

Ajas.

Vom Geißeln roth den Rücken, soll er sterben dort!
110

Athene.

nicht so grausam schalte mit dem armen Mann!

Ajas.

Gern' stell' ich alles Andre dir, o Pallas, heim;

Doch also büßt der seine Schuld, und anders nicht!

Athene.

Nun, wenn du Wohlgefallen hast an solchem Thun,

Brauch deinen Arm, thu' Alles, wie du's ausgedacht!
115

Ajas.

Ich geh' an's Werk, doch Eines bitt' ich noch von dir:

Wie heute, sei mir allezeit hülfreich gesellt!

Athene. Odysseus. (ab in das Zelt.)

Athene.

Du siehst, Odysseus, wie der Götter Macht so groß:

Wer ward erfunden weiser einst, als dieser Mann,

Volführte besser, was der Augenblick gebot?
120

Odysseus.

Ich wüßte keinen Andern, und mich jammert sein,

Des Armen, ob mich feindlich auch sein Haß verfolgt,

Daß ihn die grausam herbe Noth gebunden hält.

Denn mehr auf ihn nicht schau' ich, als auf mein Geschick.

Wir alle, die wir leben, sind nichts Anderes,
125

Als Scheingestalten, als ein flüchtig Schattenbild.

Athene.

Auf solches achtend, rede denn niemals ein Wort

Des Uebermuthes wider uns Unsterbliche,

Noch blähe dich voll Dünkel, wenn du mehr an Kraft,

An goldnen Schäzen mehr gewannst als Andere.
130

Ein kurzer Tag senkt nieder alles Menschenwerk,

Und hebt es wieder; aber nur dem frommen Mann

Sind hold die Götter, und den Bösen hassen sie.

(Athene verschwindet; Odysseus geht ab; der Chor tritt auf.)

Der Chor.

English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 95 focus

Tecmessa

They have brought him to thee.

l^Enter Servants with Eurysaces.

English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 95 focus

Ajax
394

O darkness, now my light! Ye dreary shades

Of Erebus, to me sole brightness now,

Receive, receive your habitant; receive

A wretch no longer worthy to behold

The race of gods, or mortal men! Me now
395

They nought avail: for me the potent queen,
395

Daughter of Jove, with vengeful hand afflicts

E'en to destruction. Whither can I fly?

Or where remain? My former fame, my friends,

Is lost; and these last deeds have sunk me down

With infamy amidst these foolish spoils;

And all the host takes arms against my life.

English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 172-200 focus

Chorus

Was it Artemis ruler of bulls, Zeus’s daughter, that drove you, O powerful Rumor, O mother of my shame,

drove you against the herds of all our people? Was she exacting retribution, perhaps, for a victory that had paid her no tribute, whether it was because she had been cheated of the glory of captured arms, or because a stag had been slain without gifts for recompense? Or can the bronze-cuirassed Lord of War
175

have had some cause for anger arising out of an alliance of spears, and taken vengeance for the outrage by contrivance shrouded in night?
180

182

Chorus

For never of your own heart alone, son of Telamon, would you have gone so far down the sinister path

as to fall upon the flocks. When the gods send madness, it cannot but reach its target, but may Zeus and Phoebus avert the evil rumor of the Greeks!
And if it is the great kings who slander you with their furtive stories,
185

or if it is he born of the abject line of Sisyphus, do not, my king, do not win me an evil name by keeping your face still hidden in the tent by the sea.
190

193

Chorus

Come now, up from your seat, wherever you are settled in this long-lived pause from battle

and are making the flame of disaster blaze up to the sky! The violent insolence of your enemies rushes fearlessly about in the breezy glens, while the tongues of all the army cackle out a load of grief.
195

For me, sorrow stands firmly planted.
200

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-263-1 ἂν … ᾤεθ’ ¹

mvp-comment-263-2 ἐπώνυμον ² ξυνοίσειν ³

mvp-comment-263-3 Pindar adopts the derivation of

Αἴας

from

αἰετός

: I. 5. 53

καί νιν ὄρνιχος φανέντος κέκλετ’ ἐπώνυμον εὐρυβίαν Αἴαντα

. This was the popular etymology (schol. Apoll. Rh. 1. 1289 ; schol. Theocr. 13. 37 : Apollod. 3. 12 § 7 ). But the association of

Αἴας

with

αἶ αἶ

appears in the legend that a hyacinth (on whose petals the letters AI were supposed to be legible, Moschus 3. 6) sprang from the blood of Ajax, as it had sprung from that of Hyacinthus: Ov. Met. 13. 397:

Littera communis mediis pueroque viroque | Inscripta est foliis; haec nominis (Ajax), illa querelae

(the wail of Hyacinthus).

mvp-comment-263-4 So Odysseus was associated with

ὀδύσσομαι

( Od. 1. 62

τί νύ οἱ τόσον ὠδύσαο, Ζεῦ

; imitated by Soph. , fr. 880): Pentheus, with

πένθος

( Eur. Bacch. 507 ): Polyneices, with

νεῖκος

( Aesch. Th. 577 , etc., Soph. Ant. 110 f.): Meleager, with

μελέα ἄγρα

( Eur. fr. 517): Sidêro with

σίδηρος

( Soph. fr. 597): and Helen is

ἐλέναυς

, etc. ( Aesch. Ag. 689 ).

mvp-comment-263-5 Such play on names did not seem to the Greeks unworthy of grave poetry, because to them the omens conveyed by words (

ὀμφαί, κληδόνες

) were so serious. In modern poetry, too, it has sometimes been used with tragic pathos. Thus Dante Purg. XIII. 109

Savia non fui, avvegna che Sapía Fossi chiamata:

and Shakesp. Rich. II. act 2 sc. 1. 73 (Gaunt)

O how that name befits my composition! | Old Gaunt indeed; and gaunt in being old

etc. The king asks,

Can sick men play so nicely with their names? No

, is the reply,

misery makes sport to mock itself.

mvp-comment-263-6 The real etymology of

Αἴας

is uncertain. Vase-inscriptions show that the original form was

Αἴvας

, and Sonne (in Kuhn's Zeitschr. 10 p. 126) compares Indog. aiva, Skr. eva (‘course’)—a derivation which Brugmann approves ( Stud. z. griech. u. lat. Gramm. 4. 180). The sense, ‘swift runner,’ would suit

Οἰλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας

better than the son of Telamon: and it is not improbable (as Fleischer suggests in Roscher's Lex.p. 139) that the names of the two heroes, though identical in form, were of distinct origin.

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

430. mvp-comment-293-1 For a ῥῆσις similarly following μέλη ἀπὸ σκηνῆς, cp. El. 254 foll.; Trach. 1046 foll.; O. T. 1369 foll.; O. C. 258 foll. Ajax, in his solitude (for he hardly feels the presence of Tecmessa) in passing to a more collected mood, first utters the note of sadness, and then is struck by the correspondence of the repeated syllable with his own name. Many poets have observed how the mind in moments of intense feeling becomes engaged with trifles:- 'Strange, that the mind, when fraught With a passion so intense One would think that it well Might drown all life in the eye That it should, by being so overwrought, Suddenly strike on a sharper sense For a shell, or a flower, little things, Which else would have been past by.' TENNYSON's Maud. The cry of woe, alaî, sounds to Ajax like the reverberation of his name, and with the superstitious feeling which attached to words casually spoken, he dwells on the resemblance. 'Ay me! -Who ever could have thought that my name would thus be the appropriate expression for my woes?' Cp. esp. Fr. 877, ὀρθῶς δ' Ὀδυσσεύς εἰμ', ἐπώνυμος κακοῖς· | πολλοὶ γὰρ ὠδύσαντο δυσμενεῖς ἐμοί. And see Essay on L. § 44. p. 83, Lersch, Sprach-philosophie, vol. 3. pp. 3 foll. ἐπώνυμον supplements the predication of ξυνοίσειν, 'Agree in the way of naming.' (The conj. ξυνάσειν, although ingenious, is quite unnecessary.)

Sophocles Ajax 95

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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Current edition Experimental

Gut; welches Schicksal aber traf Laertes' Sohn?

Was thatst du diesem? Oder ist er dir entfloh'n?

Ajas.

Nach jenem schlau durchtriebnen Fuchse fragst du mich?

Athene.

Ja wohl; Odysseus mein' ich, der dein Gegner iſt.

Ajas.

Der sizt, o Herrin, drinnen, gar ein süßer Fang,
105

Gebunden: sterben soll er mir noch nicht so schnell.

Athene.

Was willst du schaffen, was gewinnen noch zuvor?

Ajas.

Ich will ihn fesseln an die Säul' in meinem Zelt -

Athene.

Und welches Uebel willst du da dem Armen thun?

Ajas.

Vom Geißeln roth den Rücken, soll er sterben dort!
110

Athene.

nicht so grausam schalte mit dem armen Mann!

Ajas.

Gern' stell' ich alles Andre dir, o Pallas, heim;

Doch also büßt der seine Schuld, und anders nicht!

Athene.

Nun, wenn du Wohlgefallen hast an solchem Thun,

Brauch deinen Arm, thu' Alles, wie du's ausgedacht!
115

Ajas.

Ich geh' an's Werk, doch Eines bitt' ich noch von dir:

Wie heute, sei mir allezeit hülfreich gesellt!

Athene. Odysseus. (ab in das Zelt.)

Athene.

Du siehst, Odysseus, wie der Götter Macht so groß:

Wer ward erfunden weiser einst, als dieser Mann,

Volführte besser, was der Augenblick gebot?
120

Der Chor.

Tecmessa

They have brought him to thee.

l^Enter Servants with Eurysaces.

Commentary

Stable identifiers

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Search the Perseus Catalog for:

Current edition Experimental

Gut; welches Schicksal aber traf Laertes' Sohn? Was thatst du diesem? Oder ist er dir entfloh'n?

Ajas. Nach jenem schlau durchtriebnen Fuchse fragst du mich?

Athene. Ja wohl; Odysseus mein' ich, der dein Gegner iſt.

Ajas. Der sizt, o Herrin, drinnen, gar ein süßer Fang, 105 Gebunden: sterben soll er mir noch nicht so schnell.

Athene. Was willst du schaffen, was gewinnen noch zuvor?

Ajas. Ich will ihn fesseln an die Säul' in meinem Zelt -

Athene. Und welches Uebel willst du da dem Armen thun?

Ajas. Vom Geißeln roth den Rücken, soll er sterben dort! 110

Athene. nicht so grausam schalte mit dem armen Mann!

Ajas. Gern' stell' ich alles Andre dir, o Pallas, heim; Doch also büßt der seine Schuld, und anders nicht!

Athene. Nun, wenn du Wohlgefallen hast an solchem Thun, Brauch deinen Arm, thu' Alles, wie du's ausgedacht! 115

Ajas. Ich geh' an's Werk, doch Eines bitt' ich noch von dir: Wie heute, sei mir allezeit hülfreich gesellt! Athene. Odysseus. (ab in das Zelt.)

Athene. Du siehst, Odysseus, wie der Götter Macht so groß: Wer ward erfunden weiser einst, als dieser Mann, Volführte besser, was der Augenblick gebot? 120

Der Chor.

Tecmessa They have brought him to thee. l^Enter Servants with Eurysaces.

Commentary

Stable identifiers

Gut; welches Schicksal aber traf Laertes' Sohn?

Was thatst du diesem? Oder ist er dir entfloh'n?

Ajas.

Nach jenem schlau durchtriebnen Fuchse fragst du mich?

Athene.

Ja wohl; Odysseus mein' ich, der dein Gegner iſt.

Ajas.

Der sizt, o Herrin, drinnen, gar ein süßer Fang,
105

Gebunden: sterben soll er mir noch nicht so schnell.

Athene.

Was willst du schaffen, was gewinnen noch zuvor?

Ajas.

Ich will ihn fesseln an die Säul' in meinem Zelt -

Athene.

Und welches Uebel willst du da dem Armen thun?

Ajas.

Vom Geißeln roth den Rücken, soll er sterben dort!
110

Athene.

nicht so grausam schalte mit dem armen Mann!

Ajas.

Gern' stell' ich alles Andre dir, o Pallas, heim;

Doch also büßt der seine Schuld, und anders nicht!

Athene.

Nun, wenn du Wohlgefallen hast an solchem Thun,

Brauch deinen Arm, thu' Alles, wie du's ausgedacht!
115

Ajas.

Ich geh' an's Werk, doch Eines bitt' ich noch von dir:

Wie heute, sei mir allezeit hülfreich gesellt!

Athene. Odysseus. (ab in das Zelt.)

Athene.

Du siehst, Odysseus, wie der Götter Macht so groß:

Wer ward erfunden weiser einst, als dieser Mann,

Volführte besser, was der Augenblick gebot?
120

Tecmessa

They have brought him to thee.

l^Enter Servants with Eurysaces.