Sophocles Antigone 5

Robert Potter (Translator)

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Ismene
Yet, O my sister, to remembrance call
Our father's fate; how odious, how defamed
He perish'd, when confounded with the sense
Of his offences, in his rage he rent
With his own hands his bleeding orbs of sight.
His mother then and wife, to ills on ills
A double title, in the wreathed noose
Died self-destroy'd. Our brothers now, both slain
Each by the other's spear, unhappy youths,
Have in one day one common fate achieved
We now remain sole relics of our house;
Think then how we shall perish by a fate
More wretched still, if we by force infringe
The sovereign pow'r and edict of our lords.
Consider too that we are women, weak
By nature, and unable to contend.
With men; thus subject to a stronger pow'r
We must hear this, and what may grieve us more.
I then (of those beneath the earth revered
Imploring pardon, since by force constrain'd)
Will yield obedience to our potent lords.
Attempts beyond our strength no prudence show....
I would not urge thee; nor, were now thy mind
Prompt to the deed, consent that thou shou'dst act
With me: be such as is thy will to be.
I will inter him; and performing this
Death will be glorious to me; I shall lie
With my dear brother, to my brother dear,
These pious rites discharged; for to the dead
Longer a grace is pleasing than to those
Who live; since there for ever I shall lie.
Do thou, if such thy pleasure, lightly deem
Of sacred things, the honours of the gods.
I hold them high in honour; but to act
By force against the state were rash and wild.
Make that thy fair pretence; but I will go,
And for my dearest brother raise a tomb.
Unhappy sister, how I fear for thee !
Fear not for me; be thy own life thy care.
Yet to none other thy intent disclose :
Conceal it: of my silence be assured.
No, speak it loud: more hateful wilt thou be
If silent; be it then proclaim'd to all.
Thou hast a warm heart in a dangerous act.
Pleasing, I know, this act to those whom most
Behoves it me to please.
Couldst thou effect
Thy purpose; but the deed exceeds thy pow'r.
When my pow'r fails, I from th' attempt will cease.
Attempt not things which cannot be achieved.
Thou wilt be hated e'en by me, if thus
Thou speak, and justly by the dead be held
In hatred. Leave me then, and my design
Thus rash, to put this danger to the proof.
To me no sufferings have that hideous form
Which can affright me from a glorious death.
Go then, since thus resolved; but know th' attempt
Shows frenzy, though strong friendship to thy friends.

Antigone. Sophocles. Robert Potter (Translator). London. 1820.

Current edition Experimental

English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Robert Potter, 1788))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (12)
Greek (L. Benloew, 1858) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (L. Benloew, 1858)) — 5 focus
οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρὸν οὔτ᾽ ἄτιμόν ἐσθ᾽, ὁποῖον οὐ 1
5
Greek (A. Boeckh, 1884) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Boeckh, 1884)) — 5 focus
οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρὸν οὔτ᾽ ἄτιμόν ἐσθ', ὁποῖον οὐ
5
Greek (F. H. Bothe, 1806) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. H. Bothe, 1806)) — 5 focus
οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρὸν, οὔτ᾽ ἄτιμόν ἐσθ᾽, ὁποῖον οὐ
5
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 5 focus
οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρὸν οὔτ᾽ ἄτιμόν ἐσθ᾽, ὁποῖον οὐ
5
Greek (A. Colonna, 1978) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Colonna, 1978)) — 5 focus
οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρόν, οὔτ᾽ ἄτιμόν ἐσθ’, ὁποῖον οὐ
5
Greek (A. Dain, 1955) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Dain, 1955)) — 5.mvp-line-5 focus
οὔτ’ αἰσχρὸν οὔτ’ ἄτιμόν ἐσθ’ ὁποῖον οὐ
5
Greek (R. D. Dawe, 1979) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (R. D. Dawe, 1979)) — 5 focus
οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρὸν οὔτ᾽ ἄτιμόν ἐσθ', ὁποῖον οὐ
5
Greek (G. Hermann, 1830) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (G. Hermann, 1830)) — 5 focus
οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρόν , οὔτ᾽ ἄτιμον ἔσθ᾽ ὁποῖον οὔ,
5
Greek (R. C. Jebb, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (R. C. Jebb, 1906)) — 5 focus
οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρὸν οὔτ᾽ ἄτιμόν ἐσθ᾽, ὁποῖον οὐ
5
Greek (A. C. Pearson, 1924) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. C. Pearson, 1924)) — 5.mvp-line-5 focus
οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρὸν οὔτ᾽ ἄτιμόν ἐσθ᾽, ὁποῖον οὐ
5
Antigone (OCR draft) Experimental (Antigone) — 5 focus
οὔτʼ αἰσχρὸν οὔτʼ ἄτιμόν ἐσθʼ, ὁποῖον οὐ
5
Greek (K. Reinhardt, 1949) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (K. Reinhardt, 1949)) — 5 focus
οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρὸν οὔτ᾽ ἄτιμόν ἐσθ᾽, ὁποῖον οὐ
5
Translations (10)
German (A. Boeckh, 1884) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (A. Boeckh, 1884)) — 5 focus
ANTIGONE
Ehrt nicht der Brüder jenen mit des Grabes Gunst
uns Kreon, und verweigert diesem schmählich sie?
Spanish (J. A. Bolufer, 1921) (OCR draft) Experimental (Spanish (J. A. Bolufer, 1921)) — 5 focus
Antígona
¿Pues no ha dispuesto Creonte que, de nuestros dos hermanos, se le hagan a uno las honras fúnebres y se deje al otro insepulto? A Eteocles, según dicen, en cumplimiento de la ley divina y humana, sepultó en tierra para que obtenga todos los honores, allå allá bajo, entre los muertos. Y respecto del cadáver de Polinices, que miserablemente ha muerto, dicen que ha publicado un bando para que ningún ciudadano lo entierre ni lo llore; sino que insepulto y sin los honores del llanto, lo dejen para sabrosa presa de las aves que se abalancen a devorarlo. Ese bando dicen que el bueno de Creonte ha hecho pregonar por ti y por mi mí, quiero decir que por mi mí; y que vendrá aquí para anunciar en alta voz esa orden a los que no la conozcan; y que la cosa se ha de tomar no de cualquier manera, porque quien se atreva a hacer algo de lo que prohíbe, se expone a morir lapidado por el pueblo. Ya sabes lo que hay, y pronto podrás demostrar si eres de sangre noble o una cobarde que desdice de la nobleza de sus padres.
Latin (F. H. Bothe, 1806) (OCR draft) Experimental (Latin (F. H. Bothe, 1806)) — 5 focus
Antigone
Nonne enim nobis Creon, decreto fratrum alteri sepulturae honore, alterum eo privat indignis modis? Eteoclem quidem, ut aiunt, iusto patrocinio fas observans, humo condidit, inferis honoratum Manibus: miseri autem mortui Polynicis cadaver civibus fertur edixisse ne quis sepulchro contegat, neque adeo lamentetur; sed sinant indefletum , insepultum , gratum thesaurum alitibus pastus gratia irruentibus. Talia dicunt bonum Creonta tibi mihique (dicere enim fastidivit) praeconatum esse, et huc venire, ut haec ipsa, si qui forte ignorent, clare pronuntiet, hancque rem non deputare esse nihili; sed quicumque horum quid fecerit, decretum esse, ut is a populo lapidibus obruatur. Ita tibi haec se habent: et mox ostendes, an generosa sis, an vero ex bonis ignava.
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 5 focus
ANT
Why, hath not Creon, in the burial-rite,
Of our two brethren honoured one, and wrought
On one foul wrong? Eteocles, they tell,
With lawful consecration he lays out,
And after covers him in earth, adorned
With amplest honours in the world below.
25
But Polynices, miserably slain,
They say ’tis publicly proclaimed that none
Must cover in a grave, nor mourn for him;
But leave him tombless and unwept, a store
Of sweet provision for the carrion fowl
30
That eye him greedily. Such righteous law
30
Good Creon hath pronounced for thy behoof—
Ay, and for mine! I am not left out!—And now
He moves this way to promulgate his will
To such as have not heard, nor lightly holds
The thing he bids, but, whoso disobeys,
35
The citizens shall stone him to the death.
This is the matter, and thou wilt quickly show
If thou art noble, or fallen below thy birth.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 1 focus
Ismene, traute Schwester, vielgeliebtes Haupt, 1
1
Weißt du von einem Leide, das vom Vater her
Zeus nicht an uns vollendet, die wir leben noch?
Denn keinen Jammer gibt es, nichts Entsezliches,
Nichts Arges, nichts Schmachvolles, das ich nicht bereits
5
In deiner Noth gesehen und in meiner Noth.
Und welche Botschaft, heißt es, ließ jezt eben erst
Der Herrscher wieder allem Volk verkündigen?
Weißt du's, vernahmst du's, oder blieb dir unbekannt,
Daß unsern Lieben Böses naht von Feindesmacht?
10
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 5 focus
Ismene
39
What wouldst thou have me do ? — defy his
power?
Contemn the laws ?
40
Spanish (A. G. Garbin, 1889) (OCR draft) Experimental (Spanish (A. G. Garbin, 1889)) — 5 focus
ANTÍGONA
¡Pues qué! ¿No acaba Creonte de conceder preferentemente á uno de nuestros dos hermanos el honor de la sepultura, privando de él al otro indignamente? — A Eteocles, por un decreto equitativo y justo, le ha hecho sepultar, dicen, con los honores debidos á los manes: — y, por lo que hace al cadáver del desgraciado Polynice, se ha pregonado una orden, prohibiendo á los ciudadanos que le sepulten ni le lloren, para que, abandonado, sin honras fúnebres, ni duelo, sirva de preciado pasto á las aves carniceras 1 . Ya sabes, hermana, lo que el generoso Creonte ha querido ordenarte á tí y á mí; ¡sí, á mi, á mi también! — y le verás venir aquí á proclamar muy clara su voluntad á todos cuantos pudieran ignorarla: — y para que esta prescripción sea severamente cumplida, conmina al que intente desobedecer su mandato, con la pena de morir en la ciudad apedreado á manos del pueblo. — Ya sabes lo que ansiaba comunicarte... ahora tú demostrarás si eres mujer ilustre ó una vil que desmiente su noble sangre.
German (F. Hölderlin, 1804) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (F. Hölderlin, 1804)) — 5 focus
ANTIGONAE
Hat mit der lezten Ehre denn nicht unsre Brüder
Kreon gekränzt, beschimpfet, wechselsweise ?
Eteokles zwar, sagt man, behandelt er
Mit rechtem Recht, gesezgemäls, und birgt
25
Ihn in der Erd’, ehrsam den Todten drunten.
Vom andern aber, der gestorben ist armseelig,
Von Polynikes Leibe sagen sie, man hab’
Es in der Stadt verkündet, dass man ihn
Mit keinem Grabe berg’ und nicht betraure.
30
Man soll ihn lassen unbeweint und grablos,,
Süfs Mahl den Vögeln, die auf Fralses Lust sehn.
So etwas, sagt man, hat der gute Kreon dir
Und mir, denn mich auch mein’ ich, kund gethan,
Und hierher kommt er, difs Unwissenden
35
Deutlich zu melden. Und die Sache sei
Nicht, wie für nichts. Wer etwas thut dabei,
Dem wird der Tod des Steinigens im Orte.
So steht esdir. Und gleich wirst du beweisen,
Ob gutgeboren, ob die Böse du der Guten?
40
English (Sir Richard Jebb1, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb1, 1904)) — 5 focus
Antigone
What, hath not Creon destined our brothers, the one to honoured burial, the other to unburied shame? Eteocles, they say, with due observance of right and custom, he hath laid in the earth, for his honour among the dead below. But the hapless corpse of Polyneices— as rumour saith, it hath been published to the town that none shall entomb him or mourn, but leave unwept, unsepulchred, 30 a welcome store for the birds, as they espy him, to feast on at will. Such, ’tis said, is the edict that the good Creon hath set forth for thee and for me,—yes, for me,—and is coming hither to proclaim it clearly to those who know it not; nor counts the matter light, but, whoso disobeys in aught, his doom is death by stoning before all the folk. Thou knowest it now; and thou wilt soon show whether thou art nobly bred, or the base daughter of.a noble line.
English (Sir Richard Jebb2, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb2, 1904)) — 1-98 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-66-1 τοῖς φίλοις δ’ ὀρθῶς φίλη 1 ἴσθι 2

mvp-comment-68-1 ἀελίου 3

mvp-comment-68-2 τὸ κάλλιστον ...φάος 4

mvp-comment-68-3 ἑπταπύλῳ 5

mvp-comment-68-4 τῶν προτέρων 6

mvp-comment-69-1 ἐφάνθης 7

mvp-comment-69-2 χρυσέας 8

mvp-comment-69-3 βλέφαρον 9

mvp-comment-69-4 Διρκαίων 10

mvp-comment-70-1 τὸν λεύκασπιν...φῶτα 11

mvp-comment-70-2 The words

τὸν λεύκασπιν Ἀργόθεν
answer metrically to 123
πευκάενθ’ Ἥφαιστον ἑλεῖν
. Instead of
Ἀργόθεν
(¯˘¯) we therefore require ¯˘˘¯. The short final of
λεύκασπιν
is legitimate, the metre being Glyconic (see Analysis Metr.). In the antistrophic verse, the H of
Ἥφαιστον
is ‘irrational,’ i.e. is a long syllable doing duty for a short: and Nauck is incorrect in saying that the metre ‘requires’ (though it admits) a choriambus beginning with a consonant. The simplest remedy is to read Ἀργόθεν ἐκ | βάντα φῶτα 12 Ἰναχόθεν 13

mvp-comment-71-1 πανσαγίᾳ 14

mvp-comment-71-2 φυγάδα πρ. 15 κινήσασα 16

mvp-comment-71-3 πρόδρομον 17

mvp-comment-71-4 ὀξυτέρῳ...χαλινῷ 18

mvp-comment-71-5 ὀξυτέρῳ 19

mvp-comment-72-1 The MSS. have ὃν...Πολυνείκης 20 ὃς ...Πολυνείκους 21

mvp-comment-72-2 Πολυνείκους … νεικέων 22

mvp-comment-72-3 ἀρθείς 23

mvp-comment-72-4 νεικ. ἐξ ἀμφιλόγων 24

mvp-comment-73-1 ὀξέα κλάζων 25

mvp-comment-73-2 αἰετὸς εἰς γᾶν ὣς ὑπερέπτα 26 ὥς 27

mvp-comment-73-3 ὑπερέπτα 28

mvp-comment-74-1 λευκῆς χιόνος πτ. 29

mvp-comment-74-2 στεγανός 30

mvp-comment-74-3 ὅπλων … κορύθεσσι 31 ξύν 32 μετά 33 ξύν 34

mvp-comment-75-1 In στὰς δ’ ὑπὲρ μελάθρων 35 πτάς 36

mvp-comment-75-2 The words φονώσαισιν ἀμφιχανὼν... λόγχαις 37

mvp-comment-75-3 φονώσαισιν 38

mvp-comment-75-4 ἑπτάπυλον στόμα 39

mvp-comment-76-1 ἔβα 40

mvp-comment-76-2 πρίν ποθ’ 41 αἱμάτων 42

mvp-comment-76-3 γἑνυσιν 43 πλησθῆναι 44 τε 45 τε 46

mvp-comment-76-4 στεφάνωμα 47

mvp-comment-76-5 πευκάενθ’ Ἥφαιστον 48

mvp-comment-77-1 τοῖος 49

mvp-comment-77-2 ἐτάθη 50

mvp-comment-77-3 πάταγος 51

mvp-comment-77-4 ἀντιπάλῳ δυσχείρωμα δράκοντος 52 ἀντιπάλῳ ... δράκοντι 53 ἀντιπάλου … δράκοντος 54 ἀντιπάλῳ … δράκοντος 55

mvp-comment-77-5 The interpretation of the passage turns primarily on two points.

mvp-comment-77-6 (1) The δράκων 56

mvp-comment-77-7 (2) The δυς 57 δυσχείρωμα 58

mvp-comment-77-8 Those who read ἀντιπάλῳ … δράκοντι 59 ὲτάθη 60

mvp-comment-77-9 Those who read ἀντιπάλου … δράκοντος 61

mvp-comment-78-1 μεγάλης 62

mvp-comment-78-2 ῥεύματι 63 ῥεύματι πολλῷ 64

mvp-comment-79-1 χρυσοῦ καναχῆς ὑπεροπλίαις 65

mvp-comment-79-2

μέγας
. In post-Homeric poetry
ὑπέροπλος
is a freq. epith. of overweening strength (
ἠνορέη, βίη, ἥβη
, etc.).—Other readings are:—(1)
χρυσοῦ καναχῇ θ’ ὑπερόπτας
, ‘and haughty in the clang of gold.’ This involves an improbable change; the subst.
ὑπερόπτης
, too, is unsuitable here, and cannot be defended by Theocr. 22. 58
πρὸς πάντα παλίγκοτος ἠδ’ ὑπερόπτης
. Wecklein, reading
ὑπερόπτας
, keeps
καναχῆς
in the sense, hoffärtig auf: but a genit. after
ὑπερόπτης
could not denote that in which one takes pride. (2)
χρυσοῦ καναχῆς ὑπερόπτης
, or
‐όπτα
, i.e., ‘Zeus, a despiser of the clang of gold.’ (3)
χρυσοῦ καναχῆς ὑπέροπτα
, adv. neut. plur. (as O. T. 883 ), ‘advancing haughtily in a great stream of clanging gold.’ But the adv. comes weakly at the end, and
χρυσοῦ κ
. is harshly joined with
π. ῥεύματι
.—Aesch. , too, gives prominence to gold in picturing the Argive chiefs: Capaneus has golden letters on his shield ( Aesch. Th. 434 ), Polyneices has the image of a warrior in golden armour, with a golden legend (644, Aesch. Th. 660 ).

mvp-comment-79-3 καναχῆς 66

mvp-comment-80-1 παλτῷ πυρί 67

mvp-comment-80-2 βαλβίδων ἐπ’ ἄκρων 68

mvp-comment-80-3 ὁρμῶντα 69

mvp-comment-80-4 νίκην 70 ἀλαλάξαι 71

mvp-comment-81-1 ἀντιτύπᾳ 72

mvp-comment-81-2 As regards the sense,

ἀντίτυπος
was regularly used of hard surfaces, which, as it were, repel that which strikes them (for the accent
ἀντίτυπος
, not
ἀντιτύπος
, though the sense is act., see on O. T. 460 ). Probl. 5. 40
οἱ...ἐν ἀντιτύποις περίπατοι
. Lucian Amor. 13
τὴν ἀντίτυπον οὕτω καὶ καρτερὰν τοῦ λίθου φύσιν
. So, fig., Plat. Crat. 420D
τὸ...ἀναγκαῖον καὶ ἀντίτυπον
, what is necessary, and what resists us.

mvp-comment-81-3 τανταλωθείς 73

mvp-comment-82-1 πυρφόρος 74

mvp-comment-82-2 βακχεύων 75

mvp-comment-82-3 ῥιπαῖς...ἀνέμων 76

mvp-comment-83-1 εἶχε δ’ ἄλλᾳ τὰ μέν 77 εἶχε δ’ ἄλλαι τὰ μὲν ἄλλαι τὰ δ’ ἐπ’ ἄλλοις 78 τὰ μέν 79 ἄλλα δέ 80 τὰ μέν 81 ἄλλᾳ 82

mvp-comment-83-2 ἐπενώμα 83 στυφελίζων 84

mvp-comment-83-3 δεξιόσειρος 85

mvp-comment-83-4 The old v.l. δεξιόχειρος 86

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

99. mvp-comment-62-1 τοῖς φίλοις δ᾽ ὀρθῶς φίλη But unfailing in kindness to thy friends; i. e. A faithful sister to thine own brother. Cp. Eur. Or. 424, ἀληθὴς δ᾽ ἐς φίλους ἔφυν φίλος. Antigone goes to perform the sepulture, and Ismene returns into the palace. The stage is left vacant. As in the Ajax, there is a distinct break after the prologue, which has laid the ground of the action so far as Antigone is concerned. The first episodion, ll. 163 ff., is in one sense a fresh beginning, as setting forth the motives of Creon, and still only preparing for the collision. The parados, ll. 100 ff., introduces us to the public feeling of Thebes, and to the wider sphere of which the action forms the central point. 100 ff. Instead of a long series of anapaests, followed by lyrical strophes and antistrophes, as in the Ajax (with which cp. Aesch. Agamemnon), we have here two strophes and antistrophes alternating with anapaestic systems of about seven lines each: making a form of parodos intermediate between that of the Ajax and that of the O. T., in which there are no anapaests. The α' (100-109=117-133). chorus on its first appearance chants ll. 100-109, then advances while the coryphaeus recites 110-116, then the antistrophe is chanted, then another advance is made during the recitative of 11. 127-133, then strophe B' is chanted, the chorus by this time standing near the stage; then they make a final advance, and, during the second antistrophe, are standing full in front of the stage. Lastly, as Creon is seen approaching, the coryphaeus chants ll. 155-162, which thus form at once the conclusion of the parodos and the introit or prelude of the first episodium.

99. mvp-comment-62-2 The total effect is that of a stately and solemn triumph, in which the bright influence of the glyconic opening is tempered with slow movements (---), as in ll. 106, 122, 137, 151, and interrupted rhythms, as in ll. 103, 120, 138, 152; the notes of triumph and solemnity being combined in the choriambi, which bring the lyrical part to a close. Thus we have- β΄ (134-140=148-154). CI IICCー​しー CLトくト​CCI 51--10CICIC ト 1001010110010||| ――ト​し​て​トー luclcclcULCII) C- 「SƆIDII7 5トレト​しし LCCLLCCLLCCLLCCLI トリトー The culmination of feeling is marked by the dactylic opening of β'. The rhythms of a' 3. 4, 6, and β' 3, 4, show the correlation of the two movements. The adaptation of sound to sense is specially obvious in the resolved trochees of a' 7, while the concluding lines, a' 8, β' 7, serve to harmonize the logaoedic with the anapaestic measures. Cp. O. C. 135-137, 167-169.

99. mvp-comment-62-3 'Never did morning rise so fair as this which thou didst bring at length to waiting Thebè, O eye of golden day! For thy first beams, shooting over Dircè's rills, stirred into quicker flight the Argive warrior, who for Polynices' quarrel swooped upon our land on snow-white wing, with many a shield and many a plumèd helm.

99. mvp-comment-62-4 Threatening our halls in towering pride he stood, and gaped with bristling spears around our gates, thirsting for our blood: but he is gone, or ever his desire was slaked, or ever the fire-god caught our coronal of towers. Such fight displayed the serpent writhing in his gripe, not easily subdued. Such din of war assailed him as he turned to flee. For Zeus abhors the boaster and contemns the clank of gold. And when he saw them moving in a full proud stream, he smote with lightning from on high the daring climber who had gained the pinnacle and was eagerly preparing to shout victory. And swung to earth he fell with a rebound, the firebearer, who with mad rush was breathing his blast of enmity against the wall. And various was the fortune of the day. But terrible was the War-god as he plunged amidst our enemies, a mighty helper for us.

99. mvp-comment-62-5 'For at all our gates their captains, seven against seven, left their panoplies as trophies to our cause. All, save the horrid pair, who fell together with the guilt of mutual fratricide.

99. mvp-comment-62-6 But forget we the griefs of war. For victory came with smiles of joy to greet our smiling town. So visit we the temples of the gods with dances all night long: and let Theban Bacchus be the master of our revelry.

103. mvp-comment-63-1 χρυσέας χρυσέας, as in O. T. 158-187.

106. mvp-comment-64-1 The rivulet of Dircè was to the west of Thebes. The sun had risen just as the retreat of the Argives became a rout, and the army returning from pursuit would see the morning light reflected in the stream, which they would cross on their way back to the city. Cp. Eur. Phoen. 730. The ode is not chanted at sunrise, but celebrates the glorious morning which had seen the discomfiture of the enemy. The chorus of elders imagine themselves in the position of the victorious army.

106. mvp-comment-64-2 λεύκασπιν Cp. Aesch. S. c. Т. 96, λευκοπρεπή λέων: Eur. Phoen. 1099, λεύκασπιν εἰσορῶμεν Ἀργείων στράτον.

106. mvp-comment-64-3 Αργόθεν The correspondence of a dactyl in the antistrophe to the trochee Αργό- in this line justly leads to suspicion of the text, and Hermann conjectured Ἀργόθεν ἐκ. Qy. Ἀργόλεων ? or Ἀργογενή ?

108. mvp-comment-65-1 φυγάδα πρόδρομον (1) Running before us in flight. Said from the point of view of the pursuing host. Or (2), In the van of the flying host. The Schol. on Phoen. 409 says, φασὶ .. τὸν Ἀδραστον .. μόνον φυγάδα σωθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἰδίου ἵππου Ἀρείονος. Cp. Paus. 8.25. § 5.

109. mvp-comment-66-1 χαλινῷ Either (1) literally Riding with hastier rein, or (2) metaphorically, With thy hastening bridle in his lips. The first (1) is best. If (2) were adopted, the reading ὀξυτόρῳ, galling (see v. rr.), might be preferred.

110. mvp-comment-67-1 *ὃς .. *Πολυνείκους The emendation of Scaliger improves the sense as well as the grammar. The imagery throughout represents not Polynices, but his Argive ally. The subject of the single fight between the two brothers is passed lightly over, as unsuited to a triumphal hymn.

111. mvp-comment-68-1 ἀρθεὶς.. ἐξ ἀμφιλόγων Carried forth in consequence of the doubtful quarrel (the quarrel and debate) of Polynices. ἀρθείς is said with allusion to αἴρειν στόλον, but also suggests the image of the bird mounting in air. Cp. Il. 13. 63, of the hawk, ἀπ' αἰγίλιπος πέτρης περιμήκεος ἀρθείς, Eur. Phoen. 636-637. For the play on the name of Polynices, see Essay on Language § 44. p. 82.

113. mvp-comment-69-1 The omission of ὡs in this line, which Herm. suggested, is hardly necessary, although it does not impair the sense. The correspondence of strophe and antistrophe does not extend strictly to the anapaests, although the anapaestic systems in this passage are nearly of the same length.

114. mvp-comment-70-1 λευκῆς χιόνος πτέρυγι See Essay on Language § 9. p. 11, and cp. l. 106.

114. mvp-comment-70-2 στεγανός Covered all over; i. e. There were no gaps in their array.

115-116. mvp-comment-71-1 πολλῶν μεθ᾽ ὅπλων | ξύν θ᾽ ἱπποκόμοις κορύθεσσι Accompanied with many a shield and armed with many a helm.

117. mvp-comment-72-1 στάς Staying his flight, like the bird of prey preparing to stoop. At this point the image, which has hitherto grown in distinctness, becomes less definite, the figure of an eagle passing into that of a flying dragon, with spears for teeth. Cp. Shak. K. John, 2. 1, O, now doth Death Line his dead chaps with steel, etc. Also the image in Milton's Samson Agonistes, 11. 1692-1696.

117. mvp-comment-72-2 φονώσαισιν Boeckh's emendation at once cures the metre and supplies a poetical touch which corresponds to the explanation of the Scholiast, ταῖς τῶν φονῶν ἐρώσαις λόγχαις. It is confirmed by the reading of L² pr. See v. rr.

118. mvp-comment-73-1 ἀμφιχανὼν.. στόμα Yawning round our seven-mouthed gates.

120. mvp-comment-74-1 ἔβα He went his way. For the use of the aorist of βαίνω in this sense, cp. Od. 22. 249, καὶ δή οἱ Μέντωρ μὲν ἔβη, κενὰ εὔγματα εἰπών: Τr. 115, βάντ᾽ ἐπιόντα τ', Some gone, others coming on.

121. mvp-comment-75-1 γένυσιν With his jaws. Instrumental dative.

121. mvp-comment-75-2 πλησθῆναί τε καὶ ἑλεῖν For the change of subject in these lines, cp. Aj. 458, ἐχθαίρομαι, μισεῖ δέ, κ.τ.λ. And for στεφάνωμα πύργων, cp. Pind. Ol. 8. 32, Ἰλίῳ μέλλοντες ἐπὶ στέφανον τεύξαι : Hom. h. Dem. 151, .. κρήδεμνα πόληος | εἰρύαται ...

124. mvp-comment-76-1 τοῖος .. δράκοντι (1) Such din of war was spread about his rear by the reluctant snake, no easy matter to subdue. So the Scholiast, who wrote τὸ δὲ ἀντιπάλῳ δράκοντι ἀντὶ τοῦ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀντιπάλου δράκοντος, ὡς Ἀχιλῆϊ δαμασθείς (Il. 22. 55). Or (2) δυσχείρωμα may be taken to mean the act rather than the object of victory (cp. O. Τ. 560, θανασίμῳ χειρώματι), and the sense may be, Such din of war encompassed him, issuing in a hard-won victory for the serpent matching his foe. In this case it will make little difference to read the genitive. Or, (3) if the genitive is read (Wecklein), the words may be taken in yet another way: Such din of war harassed him from behind, the hard-to-be-subdued might of the serpent, who was a match for his foe. The genitive is given as an alternative reading by the 1st hand of L, and is supported by V (Ven. 468). But the dative is alone recognised by the Scholiast.

124. mvp-comment-76-2 The δράκων is certainly the emblem of Thebes, and the eagle and snake are in conflict, as in Il. 12. 201, foll., where also the serpent struggles and escapes : ὁ δ᾽ οὔπω λήθετο χάρμης, | κόψε γὰρ αὐτὸν ἔχοντα κατὰ στήθος παρὰ δειρὴν | ἰδνωθεὶς ὀπίσω· ὁ δ᾽ ἀπὸ ἕθεν ἧκε χαμάζε, κ.τ.λ. Hor. Carm. 4. 4, 11, Nunc in reluctantes dracones | Egit amor dapis atque pugnae.

129. mvp-comment-77-1 πολλῷ ῥεύματι προσνισσομένους Coming on in full proud stream. Like a great river filling its banks.

130. mvp-comment-78-1 χρυσοῦ καναχῆς ὑπερόπτης] Despiser of the clank of gold. Cp. Aesch. Agam. 776, τὰ χρυσόπαστα δ᾽ ἐσθλὰ σὺν πίνῳ χερῶν | παλιντρόποις ὄμμασιν | λιπούσ', ὅσια προσέβα: S. c. T. 481-485. The Scholiast, who wrote καὶ τὴν τοῦ χρυσοῦ φαντασίαν ὑπερβεβηκότας τῇ ἰδίᾳ ὑπεροψίᾳ, seems to have read ὑπερόπτας, which appears in the margin of some copies. The ὑπεροψία of his interpretation may have given rise to ὑπεροπτίας, as in conjunction with this it has suggested ὑπεροπλίαις, (Vauvillers, who compares II. 1. 205). Musgr. and Böckh are contented with ὑπεροπτείας, abstr. noun of ὑπερόπτης, gen. with ῥεύματι, In floods of supercilious pride.

131. mvp-comment-79-1 παλτῷ ῥιπτεῖ πυρί (1) Hurls down with brandished thunderbolt. Or possibly (2) ῥιπτεῖ is a more emphatic substitute for βάλλει = Smites from afar. The word παλτῷ suggests the zig-zag flicker of the lightning.

131. mvp-comment-79-2 βαλβίδων .. ἀλαλάζαι As, having reached the topmost goal, he was eager to raise the cry of victory. βαλβίδες are the end of the race-course, metaphorically applied here to the top of the wall to which Capaneus had climbed, and so receiving the epithet ἄκρων.

131. mvp-comment-79-3 βαλβίδων may be also taken as abl. gen, with ῥιπτεῖ, and only resumed with ἄκρων. But this is questionable.

133. mvp-comment-80-1 The subject of ὁρμῶντα (Capaneus) is anticipated from the following lines, viz. ὅς, κ.τ.λ.

134. mvp-comment-81-1 ἀντιτύπᾳ This conj. of Porson has been generally received. He fell upon the earth, that smote him again; i.e. He fell with a shock. The Scholia explain ἀντίτυπα, which is against metre.

134. mvp-comment-81-2 τανταλωθείς Swung. As if the scale that had been the lightest had suddenly become the heaviest. Cp. Hom. Il. 22. 212, ῥέπε δ᾽ Ἕκτορος αἴσιμον ἦμαρ, | ᾤχετο δ᾽ εἰς Ἀἰδαο.

135. mvp-comment-82-1 πυρφόρος With the fire in his hand, with which he had threatened the town. O. C. 1318: Aesch. S. c. T. 422, ff.

135. mvp-comment-82-2 ὁρμᾷ Observe the tautology after ὁρμῶντ', supra.

136-137. mvp-comment-83-1 Had breathed against us in frenzy with blasts of malignant winds. Cp. infra 929-930: O. C. 612 and note: Aesch. S. c. T. 115, πνοαῖς Ἄρεος.

138. mvp-comment-84-1 εἶχε δ᾽ ἄλλᾳ τὰ μέν· κτ.λ.] This was in one direction: whilst on other men terrible fortune was dispensed by mighty Ares rushing on them like a steed harnessed upon our right hand. For the use of ἔχω with the locative adv., see L. and S. s. v. ἔχω, Β. 11. Ι. The reading in the text is suggested by that of V (Ven. 468), a MS. of the 13th century, which, together with many obvious corruptions, has preserved some good readings. See on O. T. 1526. This MS. reading is curiously near the conj. of Musgrave, εἶχε δ᾽ ἄλλᾳ τὰ δείν᾽. The epithet, as read in the text, may be suggested by a forefeeling of what is coming. Even the end of Capaneus is less awful than that of Eteocles and Polynices (144 ff.). Hermann's reading, εἶχε δ᾽ ἄλλᾳ μὲν ἄλ | λᾳ· τὰ δ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἄλλοις, makes good enough sense; Plat. Rep. 2. 369 Β, οὕτω δὴ ἄρα παραλαμβάνων ἄλλος ἄλλον ἐπ᾿ ἄλλου, τὸν δ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἄλλου χρείᾳ : but the synaphea between the cretics and the choriambi is questionable. And the same objection applies to Wecklein's εἶχε δ' ἄλλᾳ τὰ τοῦδ᾽· | ἄλλα δ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἄλλοις.