Sophocles Antigone 32

ed. August Boeckh

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KREON

Ihr Männer, unsers Landes Glück hob Götterhuld

nach vieler Stürm' Erschüttrung sicher wiederum;

euch aber liefs ich jetzt allein aus allen mir
160

hieher bescheiden, theils dieweil mir wohl bewuſst,

wie Laios' Herrschaft stets von euch geehret ward,

dann weil, da wieder Oedipus die Stadt erhob,

und als er todt war, unter seinen Söhnen ihr

in treu ergebnem Sinne fest verharretet.
165

Nachdem nun jene durch ein zwiefach Todesloos

an Einem Tag gefallen beide, treffend und

getroffen durch der eignen Hände Frevelthat,

hab' ich die Herrschaft also, ich des Thrones Macht,

gemäfs der Todten nächster Blutsgenossenschaft.
170

Unmöglich ist es, jedes Mannes Sinnesart,

Geist und Verstand ganz zu erkennen, eh' er noch

in Staat und Ämtern thätig sich erwiesen hat.

Denn mir bedünket, wer das Haupt der ganzen Stadt,

sich nicht am besten Rathe festzuhalten weiſs,
175

ja seine Zung' aus Furcht vor wem verschlossen hält,

der gröfste Feigling dieser, und bedünkt' es längst.

Und wem anstatt des Vaterlands ein anderer

Freund höher gilt, der hat mir vollends keinen Werth.

Denn ich, das wisse Zeus, der Alles immer sieht,
180

ich schwiege doch nicht, säh' ich auf die Bürger uns

heran das Unheil schreiten an des Glückes Statt,

noch möcht' ich jemals meines Vaterlandes Feind

zu meinem Freunde machen, wohl erkennend, daſs

das Vaterland uns rettet, und an seinem Bord
185

wir glücklich schiffend auch die Freund' uns einigen.

Durch solche Satzung heb' ich diese Stadt empor,

und dem gemäſses hab' ich auch verkündiget

den Bürgern ob der Söhne jetzt des Oedipus:

Eteokles, welcher kämpfend fiel für diese Stadt,
190

defs Waffenthaten jeden Ehrenpreis verdient,

er werd' im Grab geborgen und ihm spende man

jedwedes, was den Besten folgt zur Unterwelt;

doch seinen Bruder, ihn, Polyneikes mein' ich, der

rückkehrend aus dem Banne wollt' in Feuers Glut
195

die eigne Heimath und die Götter dieses Lands

von Grund vertilgen, wollte von des eignen Stamms

Blut schlürfen, und geknechtet führen weg das Volk,

den solle niemand, lieſs ich künden dieser Stadt,

mit einem Grabmal ehren, noch wehklagen ihn,
200

nein, unbestattet liegen sein entstellter Leib,

den Vögeln Fraſs und Hunden, grauenvoll zu schaun.

Dies also ist mein Wille: nimmer werden wir

dem Schlechten Ehr' ertheilen vor dem Trefflichen;

erwähnt er wohlwill dieser Stadt, der wird im Tod
205

und Leben gleicherweise mir geehret seyn.

Antigone. Sophocles. ed. August Boeckh. Leipzig. 1884.

Current edition Experimental

German (A. Boeckh, 1884) (OCR draft) (German) (German (A. Boeckh, 1884))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (12)

Greek (L. Benloew, 1858) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (L. Benloew, 1858)) — 32 focus

κἀμοὶ ¹, λέγω γὰρ κἀμὲ, κηρύξαντ᾽ ἔχειν,

Greek (A. Boeckh, 1884) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Boeckh, 1884)) — 32 focus

κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντ᾽ ἔχειν,

Greek (F. H. Bothe, 1806) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. H. Bothe, 1806)) — 32 focus

κᾀμοὶ (λέγων γὰρ ἔκαμε) κηρύξαντ᾽ ἔχειν,

Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 32 focus

κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντ᾽ ἔχειν,

Greek (A. Colonna, 1978) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Colonna, 1978)) — 32 focus

κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντ᾽ ἔχειν,

Greek (A. Dain, 1955) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. Dain, 1955)) — 32.mvp-line-32 focus

κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντ’ ἔχειν,

Greek (R. D. Dawe, 1979) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (R. D. Dawe, 1979)) — 32 focus

κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντ᾽ ἔχειν·

Greek (G. Hermann, 1830) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (G. Hermann, 1830)) — 32 focus

κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντ᾽ ἔχειν,

Greek (R. C. Jebb, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (R. C. Jebb, 1906)) — 32 focus

κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντ᾽ ἔχειν,

Greek (A. C. Pearson, 1924) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (A. C. Pearson, 1924)) — 32.mvp-line-32 focus

κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντ᾽ ἔχειν,

Antigone (OCR draft) Experimental (Antigone) — 32 focus

κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντʼ ἔχειν,

Greek (K. Reinhardt, 1949) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (K. Reinhardt, 1949)) — 32 focus

κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντ᾽ ἔχειν,

Translations (10)

Spanish (J. A. Bolufer, 1921) (OCR draft) Experimental (Spanish (J. A. Bolufer, 1921)) — 32 focus

Creonte

¿Cómo, pues, vigilaréis ahora por el cumplimiento de mis órdenes?

Latin (F. H. Bothe, 1806) (OCR draft) Experimental (Latin (F. H. Bothe, 1806)) — 32 focus

Creon

Vos igitur adtendite, ut edictum observetur.

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 32 focus

CR

Then be ye watchful to maintain my word.
215

German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 39 focus

Was kann ich, wenn dies also steht, Unselige,¹

Hier, lösend oder bindend, uns zum Frommen thun?
40

Antigone.

Sieh, ob du helfen, ob die Mühe theilen wirst

Ismene.

Bei welchem Unterfangen? Wo geräthst du hin?

Antigone.

Ob du den Todten, mir gesellt, aufnehmen willst!

Ismene.

Ihn denn bestatten willst du, dem Verbot zum Troz?

Antigone.

Ja, meinen Bruder und den deinen, wenn auch du
45

Nicht willst; denn niemals soll man mich Verrathes zeih'n!²

Ismene.

Tollkühne, während Kreon's Wort es dir verwehrt?

Antigone.

Fern halten darf mich dieser nie von meiner Pflicht.

Ismene.

Weh mir! Bedenk', o Schwester, wie der Vater uns,

Mit Haß und Hohn belastet, ruhmlos unterging,
50

Nachdem er selbst um Gräuel, die er selbst enthüllt,

Der Augen Sterne sich zerriß mit eigner Hand;

Wie dann die Mutter, Mutter ihm und Weib zugleich,

Schmachvoll mit frevlem Strange sich das Leben nahm;

Zum dritten, wie die Brüder beid' an Einem Tag
55

Im Wechselmord sich ein gemeinsam Todesloos,

Die Armen, schufen, Einer durch des Andern Hand!

Wir sind allein jezt übrig; du bedenke denn,

Wie schmählich wir verdürben, wenn wir wider Necht

Der Herrscher Ausspruch und Gewalt mißachteten.
60

Wohl mußt du doch erwägen, daß wir Frauen sind,

Und nicht geschaffen, Männern kühn im Kampf zu steh'n,

Dann aber, daß wir, weil beherrscht von Stärkeren,

Hier folgen müssen und sogar in Härterem.

Drum will ich jene, die der Erde Schooß verbirgt,³
65

Anfleh'n um Nachsicht, weil Gewalt mich bindet hier,

Und ihm gehorchen, dem die Macht geworden ist;

Denn Unverstand ist's, über seine Kraft zu thun.

English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 32 focus

Chorus

What then remains for us ?

Spanish (A. G. Garbin, 1889) (OCR draft) Experimental (Spanish (A. G. Garbin, 1889)) — 32 focus

CORO

148 Puesto que la victoria ha venido á proporcionar á la belicosa Thebas el júbilo y la alegría, aparte de nuestra mente el recuerdo de los combates; durante toda la noche formemos coros en los templos de los dioses, y que Baco, dios de Thebas, presida nuestros regocijos. 155 Pero el nuevo rey de nuestra comarca, el hijo de Menoceo, se acerca. Los acontecimientos que han suscitado los dioses le traen á este lugar. Sin duda medita algún proyecto, porque él es quien ha convocado, por medio de una orden común para todos, esta asamblea de ancianos.

German (F. Hölderlin, 1804) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (F. Hölderlin, 1804)) — 32 focus

KREON

Tragt ihr die Aufsicht nun in dem Besagten!

English (Sir Richard Jebb1, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb1, 1904)) — 32 focus

Creon

See, then, that ye be guardians of the mandate.

English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 32 focus

Creon

Now descant on suspicion; but take heed,

Show me who did this act, or you shall say
325

That punishment on impious gain attends.

English (Sir Richard Jebb2, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb2, 1904)) — 1-98 focus

1

Antigone

Ismene, my sister, true child of my own mother, do you know any evil out of all the evils bequeathed by Oedipus that Zeus will not fulfil for the two of us in our lifetime? There is nothing—no pain, no ruin,
1

no shame, nor dishonor—that I have not seen in your sufferings and mine. And now what is this new edict that they say the general has just decreed to all the city? Do you know anything? Have you heard? Or does it escape you that
5

evils from our enemies are on the march against our friends?
10

Ismene

To me no word of our friends, Antigone, either bringing joy or bringing pain has come since we two were robbed of our two brothers who died in one day by a double blow.

And since the Argive army has fled during this night, I have learned nothing further, whether better fortune is mine, or further ruin.
15

Antigone

I knew it well, so I was trying to bring you outside the courtyard gates to this end, that you alone might hear.

Ismene

Hear what? It is clear that you are brooding on some dark news.
20

Antigone

Why not? Has not Creon destined our brothers, the one to honored burial, the other to unburied shame? Eteocles, they say, with due observance of right and custom, he has laid in the earth

for his honor among the dead below. As for the poor corpse of Polyneices, however, they say that an edict has been published to the townsmen that no one shall bury him or mourn him, but instead leave him unwept, unentombed, for the birds a pleasing store
25

as they look to satisfy their hunger. Such, it is said, is the edict that the good Creon has laid down for you and for me—yes, for me—and it is said that he is coming here to proclaim it for the certain knowledge of those who do not already know. They say that he does not conduct this business lightly,
30

but whoever performs any of these rites, for him the fate appointed is death by public stoning among the entire city. This is how things stand for you, and so you will soon show your nature, whether you are noble-minded, or the corrupt daughter of a noble line.
35

39

Ismene

Poor sister, if things have come to this, what would I

profit by loosening or tightening this knot?
40

Antigone

Consider whether you will share the toil and the task.

Ismene

What are you hazarding? What do you intend?

Antigone

Will you join your hand to mine in order to lift his corpse?

Ismene

You plan to bury him—when it is forbidden to the city?

Antigone

Yes, he is my brother, and yours too, even if you wish it otherwise. I will never be convicted of betraying him.
45

Ismene

Hard girl! Even when Creon has forbidden it?

Antigone

No, he has no right to keep me from my own.

Ismene

Ah, no! Think, sister, how our father

perished in hatred and infamy, when, because of the crimes that he himself detected, he smashed both his eyes with self-blinding hand; then his mother-wife, two names in one, with a twisted noose destroyed her life;
50

lastly, our two brothers in a single day, both unhappy murderers of their own flesh and blood, worked with mutual hands their common doom. And now we, in turn—we two who have been left all alone—consider how much more miserably we will be destroyed, if in defiance of the law
55

we transgress against an autocrat’s decree or his powers. No, we must remember, first, that ours is a woman’s nature, and accordingly not suited to battles against men; and next, that we are ruled by the more powerful, so that we must obey in these things and in things even more stinging.
60

I, therefore, will ask those below for pardon, since I am forced to this, and will obey those who have come to authority. It is foolish to do what is fruitless.
65

69

Antigone

I would not encourage you—no, nor, even if you were willing later,

would I welcome you as my partner in this action. No, be the sort that pleases you. I will bury him—it would honor me to die while doing that. I shall rest with him, loved one with loved one, a pious criminal. For the time is greater
70

that I must serve the dead than the living, since in that world I will rest forever. But if you so choose, continue to dishonor what the gods in honor have established.
75

Ismene

I do them no dishonor. But to act in violation of the citizens’ will—of that I am by nature incapable.

Antigone

You can make that your pretext! Regardless, I will go now to heap a tomb over the brother I love.
80

Ismene

Oh no, unhappy sister! I fear for you!

Antigone

Do not tremble for me. Straighten out your own destiny.

Ismene

Then at least disclose the deed to no one before you do it.

Conceal it, instead, in secrecy—and so, too, will I.
85

Antigone

Go on! Denounce it! You will be far more hated for your silence, if you fail to proclaim these things to everyone.

Ismene

You have a hot heart for chilling deeds.

Antigone

I know that I please those whom I am most bound to please.

Ismene

Yes, if you will also have the power. But you crave the impossible.
90

Antigone

Why then, when my strength fails, I will have finished.

Ismene

An impossible hunt should not be tried in the first place.

Antigone

If you mean that, you will have my hatred, and you will be subject to punishment as the enemy of the dead.

But leave me and the foolish plan I have authored to suffer this terrible thing, for I will not suffer anything so terrible that my death will lack honor.
95

Ismene

Go, then, if you so decide. And of this be sure: though your path is foolish, to your loved ones your love is straight and true. Exit Antigone on the spectators’ left. Ismene exits into the palace.

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-89-1 μῆτιν ἐρέσσων ¹

mvp-comment-89-2 σύγκλητον ²

mvp-comment-89-3 προὔθετο ³ λέσχην ⁴

mvp-comment-89-4 not the meeting, but the discussion which is to take place there: thus the poet's phrase, true to Attic usage, corresponds with

γνώμας προθεῖναι

rather than with

ἐκκλησίαν προθεῖναι

. Herod. uses

λέσχη

of a public discussion (9. 71): cp. O. C. 167 . The midd. προὔθετο ⁵

mvp-comment-89-5 κοινῷ κ. πέμψας ⁶

mvp-comment-91-1 There is a general dramatic analogy between this speech and that of Oedipus in O. T. 216 —275. In each case a Theban king addresses Theban elders, announcing a stern decree, adopted in reliance on his own wisdom, and promulgated with haughty consciousness of power; the elders receive the decree with a submissive deference under which we can perceive traces of misgiving; and as the drama proceeds, the elders become spectators of calamities occasioned by the decree, while its author turns to them for comfort.

mvp-comment-91-2 τὰ μὲν δὴ πόλεος . . ὑμᾶς δ’ ⁷

mvp-comment-91-3 πόλεος ⁸ πολλῷ σάλῳ σείσαντες ⁹

mvp-comment-91-4 The image of the State as a ship dates in Greek literature from Alcaeus (whom Horace copied, Carm. 1. 14 ), fr. 18. The ship of Alcaeus is labouring in the trough of a wild sea,—water is coming in,—the sail is torn,—the anchor will not hold:

νᾶϊ φορήμεθα σὺν μελαίνᾳ | χείμωνι μοχθεῦντες μεγάλῳ μάλα, κ.τ.λ.

It is only through Heracleides Alleg. Homer. 5 that we know the meaning of Alcaeus to have been figurative and political. Aesch. often uses the image ( Aesch. Th. 2 , Aesch. Th. 62 , Aesch. Th. 208 etc.). Creon returns to it at 189. It is peculiarly well suited to his point,—the unity of the public interest.

mvp-comment-91-5 ὤρθωσαν ¹⁰

mvp-comment-92-1 ἐκ πάντων ¹¹ δίχα ¹²

mvp-comment-92-2 ἔστειλ’ ἱκέσθαι ¹³ τοῦτο μέν ¹⁴

mvp-comment-92-3 σέβοντας ¹⁵

mvp-comment-92-4 θρόνων . . κράτη ¹⁶

mvp-comment-93-1 ἡνίκ’ Οἰδίπους ¹⁷ κείνων ¹⁸ κείνων παῖδας ¹⁹ ἡνίκ’ . . ὤρθου πόλιν ²⁰ ἐπεὶ διώλετο ²¹ τοῦτο μέν . . τοῦτ’ αὖθις ²²

mvp-comment-93-2 καί ²³ καί ²⁴

mvp-comment-93-3 ἐμπέδοις φρονήμασιν ²⁵ ἐμπέδους ²⁶ ἐμπέδοις ²⁷

mvp-comment-94-1 ὅτε ²⁸

mvp-comment-94-2 πρὸς διπλῆς μ. ²⁹ διπλῆς . . μίαν ³⁰

mvp-comment-94-3 παίσαντες . . πληγέντες ³¹

mvp-comment-94-4 αὐτόχειρι … μιάσματι ³²

mvp-comment-95-1 ἐγὼ . . δή ³³

mvp-comment-95-2 κράτη ³⁴

mvp-comment-95-3 γένους κατ’ ἀγχιστεῖα τῶν ὀλ. ³⁵

mvp-comment-96-1 ἀμήχανον δέ ³⁶ δέ ³⁷ δέ ³⁸

mvp-comment-96-2 Demosthenes, in his speech on the Embassy (343 B.C.), quotes this passage (vv. 175—190) as illustrating maxims

mvp-comment-96-3 which Aeschines had violated, though, accustomed as he had been to play tritagonists' parts, he ought to have known them by heart (or. 19 § 247).

mvp-comment-97-1 ψυχήν ³⁹ φρόνημα ⁴⁰ γνώμην ⁴¹

mvp-comment-98-1 ἀρχαῖς ⁴² νόμοισιν ⁴³

mvp-comment-98-2 ἐντριβής ⁴⁴

mvp-comment-98-3 φανῇ ⁴⁵

mvp-comment-99-1 ἐμοὶ γάρ ⁴⁶ γάρ ⁴⁷ πᾶσαν … πόλιν ⁴⁸

mvp-comment-99-2 μὴ … ἅπτεται ⁴⁹ ὅστις μὴ ἅπτεται ⁵⁰

mvp-comment-99-3 ἐκ φ. του ⁵¹

mvp-comment-99-4 ἐγκλῄσας ἔχει ⁵²

mvp-comment-99-5 νῦν τε καὶ πάλαι ⁵³

mvp-comment-100-1 μείζον’ ⁵⁴ ἀντὶ τῆς...πάτρας ⁵⁵ ἤ ⁵⁶ μεῖζον ⁵⁷

mvp-comment-100-2 οὐδαμοῦ λέγω ⁵⁸

mvp-comment-101-1 ἐγὼ γάρ ⁵⁹ γάρ ⁶⁰ τοῦτο γιγνώσκων ⁶¹ ἴστω ⁶²

mvp-comment-102-1 οὔτ’ ἂν σιωπήσαιμι ⁶³

mvp-comment-103-1 στείχουσαν ἀστοῖς ⁶⁴ ὁμοῦ ⁶⁵

mvp-comment-103-2 ἀντὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ⁶⁶ τῆς ⁶⁷

mvp-comment-104-1 ἄνδρα δυσμενῆ χθονός ⁶⁸

mvp-comment-104-2 ἐμαυτῷ ⁶⁹ φίλον ⁷⁰ θείμην ⁷¹

mvp-comment-105-1 ἡ σῴζουσα ⁷²

mvp-comment-105-2 ταύτης ⁷³ ὀρθῆς ⁷⁴

mvp-comment-105-3 τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα ⁷⁵

mvp-comment-105-4

εὐτυχούσῃ πολλῷ μᾶλλον διασῴζεται

. ‘Pericles Thucydidis 11. 60 Sophoclem videtur respexisse, vel eum Sophocles,’ is Dobree's remark ( Adv. 2. 37 ); but there is no adequate ground for such a view. The verbal coincidence of

ὀρθῆς

with

ὀρθουμένην

may well have been accidental. What is really common to poet and historian is the general sentiment of Periclean Athens. For another example of this, cp. O. C. 116 n.

mvp-comment-106-1 νόμοισι ⁷⁶

mvp-comment-106-2 αὔξω ⁷⁷

mvp-comment-107-1 ἀδελφὰ τῶνδε ⁷⁸

mvp-comment-107-2 τῶν ἀπ’ Οἰδίπου ⁷⁹

mvp-comment-108-1 δορί ⁸⁰ δόρει ⁸¹

mvp-comment-109-1 τὰ πάντ’ ἐφαγνίσαι ⁸² ἐπί ⁸³ ἐφαγνίσαι ⁸⁴ ἀφαγνίσαι ⁸⁵ ἀπό ⁸⁶

mvp-comment-110-1 τοῖς ἀρίστοις ⁸⁷

mvp-comment-110-2 ἔρχεται κάτω ⁸⁸

mvp-comment-111-1 L has Πολυνείκην ⁸⁹

mvp-comment-111-2 λέγω ⁹⁰

mvp-comment-112-1 γτ=ν πατρῴαν . . καὶ θεοὺς . . πρῆσαι ⁹¹

mvp-comment-112-2 θ. τοὺς ἐγγενεῖς ⁹²

mvp-comment-112-3 κατελθών ⁹³

mvp-comment-112-4 γ)θέλησε μέν … ἠθέλ. δέ ⁹⁴ ἠθέλησε μὲν ⁹⁵

mvp-comment-112-5 πρῆσαι ⁹⁶

mvp-comment-112-6 κατ’ ἄκρας ⁹⁷

mvp-comment-112-7 αἵματος κ. πάσασθαι ⁹⁸

mvp-comment-112-8 τοὺς δὲ … ἄγειν ⁹⁹

mvp-comment-113-1 The traditional ἐκκεκηρῦχθαι τάφῳ ¹⁰⁰ ἐκκεκήρυκται τάφῳ ¹⁰¹ ἐκκεκηρῦχθαι λέγω ¹⁰² τάφῳ ¹⁰³ κτερίζειν ¹⁰⁴ τάφῳ ¹⁰⁵ κτερίζειν ¹⁰⁶ μήτε ¹⁰⁷ κωκῦσαι ¹⁰⁸ τάφῳ ¹⁰⁹ λέγω ¹¹⁰ τάφῳ ¹¹¹ ἐκκεκ ¹¹²

mvp-comment-114-1 ἐᾶν δ ¹¹³ ἄθαπτον, αἰκισθέντ’ ἰδεῖν ¹¹⁴ δέμας καὶ πρὸς οἰωνῶν καὶ πρὸς κυνῶν ἐδεστόν ¹¹⁵ αἰκισθέντ ¹¹⁶ αἰκισθέντ ¹¹⁷ ἐδεστόν ¹¹⁸ αἰκισθέν τ’, δέμας ¹¹⁹

mvp-comment-114-2 δέμας ¹²⁰

mvp-comment-114-3 ἰδεῖν ¹²¹

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

157-158. mvp-comment-96-1 νεαραῖσι .. συντυχίαις In consequence of the recent god-sent fortune. These words are to be joined with the whole sentence, though chiefly with ἐρέσσων. Creon's accession, his coming, and the counsel which he brings, all follow closely on the events of the war. The question is, what is that counsel?

159. mvp-comment-97-1 τίνα δή This is preferable to τινὰ δή, which Aldus printed from Ven. 467 (V3).

159. mvp-comment-97-2 On ἐρέσσων = Moving, Advancing. see Essay on Language p. 87, and cp. Aj. 251, τοίας ἐρέσσουσιν ἀπειλάς.

160-161. mvp-comment-98-1 ὅτι. προὔθετο That he hath appointed. ὅτι gives the reason of the question.

160. mvp-comment-99-1 σύγκλητον Specially convened. The word is used, after the analogy of the σύγκλητος ἐκκλησία at Athens, for an assembly specially summoned by the στρατηγός. λέσχη is less formal than βουλή. Cp. Ο. C. 166.

161. mvp-comment-100-1 προὔθετο The middle voice implies that Creon had summoned the elders of his own motion. So καλέσσατο of Achilles in Il. 1. 54.

162. mvp-comment-101-1 κοινῷ κηρύγματι πέμψας Having cited us by a message sent to us all.

162. mvp-comment-101-2 κοινῷ = Inclusive. πέμψας] i. e. στείλας πομποῖσιν, as Creon expresses himself in ll. 164-165. 162-210. Creon's first error is not mere self-will, but an excessive zeal for the honour of the state, to which all private feelings must give way (183-184, 187-190). His spirit of self-assertion is however already felt, esp. in ll. 173, 191, 207-10. And the unconsciousness of one young in power is shown in the self-inculpating words in ll. 175-177. He characteristically dwells on the virtue of loyalty (165-169, 209-210) and the crime of rebellion (199-202): and his passionate nature is betrayed by the exaggerated expression in l. 208. Cp. O. T. 216 ff. and note. The frequent occurrence of the Ist personal pronoun is a significant feature of both these speeches.

162. mvp-comment-101-3 τὰ μὲν δὴ πόλεος As for the state. This form of expression suits the introduction of a subject before the form of sentence is determined. πόλιν, rather than τὰ πόλεος, is the object of σείσαντες and ὤρθωσαν.

162. mvp-comment-101-4 ἀσφαλῶς Unharmed, = ἄνεν τοῦ σφαλῆναι,

163. mvp-comment-102-1 ὥρθωσαν Have righted the vessel of the state.

165-166. mvp-comment-103-1 τὰ Λαΐου. κράτη Knowing that you ever duly reverenced the enthroned authority of Laius. Λαΐου is governed by θρόνων κράτη taken as one word, θρόνων being added to supplement κράτη. σέβοντας and μένοντας, infr. 166, 169, are imperfects = ὅτι ἐσέβετε .. ἐμένετε,

167. mvp-comment-104-1 ὤρθου Kept on a safe course: i. e. Governed prosperously. The word recalls the happiness of the first period of Oedipus' rule. Cp. Plat. Men. P. 99 C, ᾗ οἱ πολιτικοὶ ἄνδρες χρώμενοι τὰς πόλεις ὀρθοῦσιν : Phaedr. 244 B. 168-169. ἀμφὶ .. φρονήμασιν]. Ye still remained loyal to their issue with unshaken minds. ἀμφί, Surrounding, as ready to defend. The apodosis is made to suit the latter protasis, ἐπεὶ διώλετο, and that of the former protasis, ἡνίκ' . . πόλιν (viz. ἐκείνῳ ὁμοίως πειθομένους οι the like), is thus absorbed.

167. mvp-comment-104-2 κείνων . . παῖδας i. e. Sons of Oedipus and grandsons of Laius.

172. mvp-comment-105-1 αὐτόχειρι Fratricidal. See Essay on Language p. 91.

174. mvp-comment-106-1 γένους κατ᾿ ἀγχιστεῖα By privilege of being nearest in kindred (ὡς ἀγχιστεύων) to the dead. Cp. πρωτεία, etc.

175. mvp-comment-107-1 παντὸς ἀνδρός Of any man, and therefore of me.

176. mvp-comment-108-1 ψυχήν. . φρόνημα.. γνώμην As observed in the Essay on Language pp. 91-3, the opposition between these words is chiefly formal. So far as there is any difference between them, ψυχήν is mind, or nature, φρόνημα, spirit, or way of thinking, (cp. infr. 207), and γνώμην, judgment or meaning.

176-177. mvp-comment-109-1 πρὶν ἂν ἀρχαῖς.. φανῇ “Until he be seen in his true colours through being tried in office and administration.' According to the saying of Bias, ἀρχὴ τὸν ἄνδρα δείξει (Arist. Eth. Nic. 5. 1. 16). There is an allusion to the detection of spurious coin through wear. Cp. Aesch. Ag. 390-392, κακοῦ δὲ χαλκοῦ τρόπον | τρίβῳτε καὶ προσβολαῖς | μελαμπαγὴς πέλει | δικαιωθείς (where Herm. says, 'Vereor autem ne non de lapide Lydio loquatur poeta, sed aes adulterinum dicat, quod usu tritum amisso falso splendore cognoscitur'): Hdt. 7. 10, ὥσπερ τὸν χρυσὸν τὸν ἀκήρατον, αὐτὸν μὲν ἐπ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ οὐ διαγινώσκομεν, ἐπεὰν δὲ

178. mvp-comment-110-1 ἐμοὶ γάρ The connection is not strictly logical. γάρ explains not the difficulty of discerning the difference between rulers, but the essential point on which the difference turns. In setting forth this, Creon also declares the spirit of his own policy. He is feeling his way with the elders, of whose submission he is not perfectly sure, and beats about the bush before coming to the point with them. Hence he repeats the same thought in different words.

178-183. mvp-comment-111-1 The sentiment of these lines is closely parallel to Plat. Legg. 9. 856 B, ὃς ἂν ἄγων εἰς ἀρχὴν ἄνθρωπον δουλῶται μὲν τοὺς νόμους, ἑταιρείας δὲ τὴν πόλιν ὑπήκοον ποιῇ, καὶ βιαίως δὲ πᾶν τοῦτο πράττων καὶ στάσιν ἐγείρων παρανομῇ· τοῦτον δὴ διανοεῖσθαι δεῖ πάντων πολεμιώτατον ὅλῃ τῇ πόλει, τὸν δὲ κοινωνοῦντα μὲν τῶν τοιούτων μηδενί, τῶν μεγίστων δὲ μετέχοντα ἀρχῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει, λεληθότα τε ταῦτα αὐτὸν ἢ μὴ λεληθότα, δειλίᾳ δ᾽ ὑπὲρ πατρίδος αὑτοῦ μὴ τιμωρούμενον, δεῖ δεύτερον ἡγεῖσθαι τὸν τοιοῦτον πολίτην κακῇ.

180. mvp-comment-112-1 ἐγκλείσας Locked up. Cp. Shakespeare, Richard II, 1. 3,

Within my mouth you have engaoled my tongue, | Doubly portcullised with my teeth and lips.

Infr. 505, εἰ μὴ γλῶσσαν ἐγκλείσαι φόβος.

182. mvp-comment-113-1 μείζον᾽.. ἀντί Essay on Language § 19. p. 27. Cp. Od. 7. 216, στυγερῇ ἐπὶ γαστέρι κύντερον.

183. mvp-comment-114-1 οὐδαμοῦ λέγω Plat. Gorg. 456 C, οὐδαμοῦ ἂν φανῆναι, supr. 32. 184 ff. Having shown what makes the good and bad ruler, Creon declares his own intentions, first generally, and then (192 ff.) with reference to Eteocles and Polynices. γάρ implies that his opinion will be proved by his acts. In both statements (178-183, 184-190) the stress is laid on the duty of renouncing friendship with the public enemy (182-183, 187-188), which is the ground of the present edict, Polynices being presumably Creon's private friend: supr. 174.

186. mvp-comment-115-1 στείχουσαν ἀστοῖς Menacing my people. Cp. supr. l. 10: Aesch. Prom. 1089-1090, τοιάδ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἐμοὶ ῥιπὴ Διόθεν, | τεύχουσα φόβον, στείχει φανερῶς. For the dative, Essay on Language § 12. p. 18.

187. mvp-comment-116-1 δυσμενή χθονός Who is my country's foe. The genitive avoids the awkwardness of two datives, χθονί and ἐμαυτῷ, coming close together.

189-190. mvp-comment-117-1 She it is who preserves us, and we make friends only while she carries us in the course of public safety; i. e. The friendship that is made against the interest of the state is hollow and insecure. Cp. Thuc. 2. 60: (Pericles loq.) ἐγὼ γὰρ ἡγοῦμαι πόλιν πλείω ξύμπασαν ὀρθουμένην ὠφελεῖν τοὺς ἰδιώτας, ἢ καθ᾿ ἕκαστον τῶν πολιτῶν εὐπραγοῦσαν, ἀθρόαν δὲ σφαλλομένην, κ.τ.λ.: Zaleuc. ap. Stob. (Mullach, p. 543), πόλις γὰρ εὖ ἀγομένη μεγίστη ὄρθωσίς ἐστι, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ πάντα ἔνι, καὶ τούτου σωζομένου πάντα σώζεται καὶ τούτου φθειρομένου πάντα διαφθείρεται: Shakespeare. King John, 3. 1, Pand.

All form is formless, order orderless, | Save what is opposite to England's love.

On the change of pronouns (ἥδε.. ταύτης), see Essay on Language § 22. p. 32. The article in τοὺς φίλους points the reference to ll. 182-183.

191. mvp-comment-118-1 τοιοίσδε νόμοισι By such principles as these. Cp. infr. 908, τίνος νόμου δὴ ταῦτα πρὸς χάριν λέγω;

192. mvp-comment-119-1 ἀδελφὰ τῶνδε i. e. In full accord with them. Cp. Plat. Rep. 4. 421 C, ἆρ᾽ οὖν .. καὶ τὸ τούτου ἀδελφὸν δύξω σοι μετρίως λέγειν; Lys. 2. 64, ἀδελφὰ τὰ βουλεύματα τοῖς ἔργοις : Ο. C. 1262, ἀδελφὰ . . τούτοισιν.

193. mvp-comment-120-1 τῶν ἀπ᾿ Οιδίπου For the pleo- 190 195 200 nastic use of the preposition, see above 150, 182, and notes.

195. mvp-comment-121-1 πάντ᾿ ἀριστεύσας δορί After proving himself in all ways the bravest in the war. For the aor., cp. Hdt. 9. 74, alib.

196. mvp-comment-122-1 τὰ πάντ᾽ ἐφαγνίσαι ‘Το add all sacred offerings.'

199. mvp-comment-123-1 θεοὺς τοὺς ἐγγενεῖς The gods of his race; i. e. Those honoured by the Cadmeans. The gods of the race also include the ancestors of the race. Infr. 938, θεοὶ προγενεῖς.

201. mvp-comment-124-1 πρῆσαι κατάκρας The city (γῆν = πόλιν) is thought of as the main object of the verb.

201. mvp-comment-124-2 ἠθέλησε δ' The correspondence of clauses (with μέν and δέ) is not perfect, the antithesis being due to afterthought.

201. mvp-comment-124-3 αἵματος .. πάσασθαι ‘Το repast him with blood of his own kin.' The expression suits the Epic colouring of the whole speech.

202. mvp-comment-125-1 τοὺς δέ The rest; i. e. Those not slain, as implied in the opposition το αἵματος κοινοῦ πάσασθαι. 203.

202. mvp-comment-125-2 ἐκκεκήρυκται Musgrave's correction has been generally adopted, lopted, and is probably right. The impersonal verb gives absoluteness to the expression. Wolff construes the inf. with λέγω in 198 (deleting the comma after τοῦδε), and Wecklein reads λέγω for τάφῳ. The slight corruption is probably due to a reminiscence of supr. 27.

205. mvp-comment-126-1 δέμας is accusative of limitation, and ἄθαπτον and ἐδεστόν are masculine. To leave him unburied, to have his flesh consumed by birds and dogs.

206. mvp-comment-127-1 αἰκισθέντ᾿ ἰδεῖν A spectacle of indignity. Lit. Outraged to behold. The infinitive is added after the participle, which is masculine.