Plutarch, Amatorius, ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs, 25

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[25]

ΑΥΤΟΒΟΥΛΟΣ.

Κιουίλιος¹ γάρ, ὁ τὴν ἐν Γαλατίᾳ κινήσας ἀπόστασιν, ἄλλους τε πολλοὺς ὡς εἰκὸς ἔσχε κοινωνοὺς καὶ Σαβῖνον ἄνδρα νέον οὐκ ἀγεννῆ, πλούτῳ 15 δὲ καὶ δόξῃ ἀνθρώπων πάντων² ἐπιφανέστατον. ἁψάμενοι δὲ πραγμάτων μεγάλων ἐσφάλησαν καὶ δίκην δώσειν προσδοκῶντες οἱ μὲν αὑτοὺς ἀνῄρουν, οἱ δὲ φεύγοντες ἡλίσκοντο. τῷ δὲ Σαβίνῳ τὰ μὲν ἄλλα 770e πράγματα ῥᾳδίως παρεῖχεν ἐκποδὼν γενέσθαι καὶ 20 καταφυγεῖν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρους· ἣν³ δὲ γυναῖκα πασῶν ἀρίστην ἠγμένος⁴ ἦν — ἐκεῖ μὲν Ἐμπονὴν⁵ ἐκάλουν, Ἑλληνιστὶ δʼ ἄν τις Ἡρωίδα προσαγορεύσειεν· — οὔτʼ ἀπολιπεῖν⁶ δυνατὸς ἦν οὔτε⁷ μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ κομίζειν. ἔχων οὖν κατʼ ἀγρὸν ἀποθήκας χρημάτων ὀρυκτὰς ὑπογείους, ἃς δύο μόνοι τῶν ἀπελευθέρων 5 συνῄδεσαν⁸, τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ἀπήλλαξεν οἰκέτας, ὡς μέλλων φαρμάκοις ἀναιρεῖν ἑαυτόν, δύο δὲ πιστοὺς παραλαβὼν εἰς τὰ ὑπόγεια κατέβη· πρὸς δὲ τὴν 770f γυναῖκα Μαρτιάλιον ἔπεμψεν ἀπελεύθερον ἀπαγγελοῦντα τεθνάναι μὲν ὑπὸ φαρμάκων, συμπεφλέχθαι 10 δὲ μετὰ τοῦ σώματος τὴν ἔπαυλιν· ἐβούλετο γὰρ τῷ πένθει χρῆσθαι⁹ τῆς γυναικὸς ἀληθινῷ¹⁰ πρὸς πίστιν τῆς λεγομένης τελευτῆς ὃ καὶ συνέβη· ῥίψασα γάρ, ὅπως ἔτυχε, τὸ σῶμα μετʼ οἴκτων¹¹ καὶ ὀλοφυρμῶν ἡμέρας τρεῖς καὶ νύκτας ἄσιτος διεκαρτέρησε. 15 ταῦτα δʼ ὁ Σαβῖνος πυνθανόμενος καὶ φοβηθείς, μὴ διαφθείρῃ παντάπασιν ἑαυτήν, ἐκέλευσε φράσαι κρύφα τὸν Μαρτιάλιον πρὸς αὐτήν, ὅτι ζῇ καὶ κρύπτεται, δεῖται δʼ αὐτῆς ὀλίγον ἐμμεῖναι τῷ 771a πένθει, καὶ μηδὲ ¹² πιθανὴν ἐν τῇ προσποιήσει 20 γενέσθαι. τὰ μὲν οὖν ἄλλα παρὰ τῆς γυναικὸς ἐναγωνίως συνετραγῳδεῖτο τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ πάθους· ἐκεῖνον δʼ ἰδεῖν ποθοῦσα νυκτὸς ᾤχετο, καὶ πάλιν ἐπανῆλθεν· ἐκ δὲ τούτου λανθάνουσα τοὺς ἄλλους ὀλίγον ἀπέδει συζῆν ἐν Ἅιδου τἀνδρὶ πλέον¹³ ἑξῆς ἑπτὰ μηνῶν ἐν οἷς κατασκευάσασα τὸν Σαβῖνον ἐσθῆτι καὶ κουρᾷ καὶ καταδέσει τῆς κεφαλῆς ἄγνωστον εἰς Ῥώμην ἐκόμισε μεθʼ ἑαυτῆς τινῶν ἐλπίδων¹⁴ ἐνδεδομένων. πράξασα δʼ οὐδὲν αὖθις ἐπανῆλθε, 5 καὶ τὰ μὲν πολλὰ ἐκείνῳ συνῆν ὑπὸ γῆς, διὰ χρόνου δʼ εἰς πόλιν ἐφοίτα ταῖς φίλαις ὁρωμένη καὶ 771b οἰκείαις γυναιξί. τὸ δὲ πάντων ἀπιστότατον¹⁵, ἔλαθε κυοῦσα λουομένη μετὰ τῶν γυναικῶν· τὸ γὰρ φάρμακον, ᾧ τὴν κόμην αἱ γυναῖκες ἐναλειφόμεναι¹⁶ ποιοῦσι 10 χρυσοειδῆ καὶ πυρράν¹⁷, ἔχει λίπασμα σαρκοποιὸν ἢ χαυνωτικὸν σαρκός, ὥσθʼ οἷον διάχυσὶν τινα ἢ διόγκωσιν ἐμποιεῖν· ἀφθόνῳ δὴ χρωμένη τούτῳ πρὸς τὰ λοιπὰ μέρη τοῦ σώματος, αἰρόμενον καὶ ἀναπιμπλάμενον ἀπέκρυπτε τὸν τῆς γαστρὸς 15 ὄγκον. τὰς δʼ ὠδῖνας αὐτὴ καθʼ ἑαυτὴν διήνεγκεν, ὥσπερ ἐν φωλεῷ λέαινα καταδῦσα πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα, καὶ τοὺς γενομένους ὑπεθρέψατο σκύμνους ἄρρενας· 771c δύο γὰρ ἔτεκε. τῶν δʼ υἱῶν ὁ μὲν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ πεσὼν ἐτελεύτησεν, ὁ δʼ ἕτερος ἄρτι καὶ πρῴην 20 γέγονεν ἐν Δελφοῖς παρʼ ἡμῖν ὄνομα Σαβῖνος. ἀποκτείνει μὲν οὖν αὐτὴν ὁ Καῖσαρ· ἀποκτείνας δὲ δίδωσι δίκην, ἐν ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ τοῦ γένους παντὸς ἄρδην ἀναιρεθέντος. οὐδὲν γὰρ ἤνεγκεν ἡ τόθʼ ἡγεμονία σκυθρωπότερον¹⁸ οὐδὲ μᾶλλον ἑτέραν εἰκὸς 25 ἦν καὶ θεοὺς καὶ δαίμονας ὄψιν ἀποστραφῆναι· καίτοι τὸν οἶκτον ἐξῄρει τῶν θεωμένων τὸ θαρραλέον αὐτῆς καὶ μεγαλήγορον, ᾧ καὶ μάλιστα παρώξυνε τὸν Οὐεσπασιανόν¹⁹, ὡς ἀπέγνω τῆς σωτηρίας πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀλλαγὴν²⁰²¹ κελεύουσα· βεβιωκέναι γὰρ ὑπὸ σκότῳ καὶ κατὰ γῆς ἥδιον ἢ βασιλεύειν ἐκείνῳ²².

Amatorius. Plutarch. ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs. Leipzig. 1892.

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Current edition Perseus

Ἐρωτικός (Greek) (Plutarch. Plutarchi Chaeronensis Moralia, Vol. IV. Vernardakēs, Grēgorios N., editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1892.)

Translations (1)

Of Love. Perseus (Plutarch. Plutarch's Morals, Vol. IV. Goodwin, William W., editor; Philips, John, translator. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company; Cambridge: Press of John Wilson and Son, 1874.) — 25 focus

[25]

AUTOB.

Julius, who was the first that occasioned the revolt in Galatia, among many other confederates in the rebellion had one Sabinus, a young gentleman of no mean spirit, and for fame and riches inferior to none. But having undertaken a very difficult enterprise, they miscarried; and therefore expecting nothing but death by the hand of justice, some of them killed themselves, others made their escapes as well as they could. As for Sabinus, he had all the opportunities that could be to save himself by flying to the barbarians; but he had married a lady, the best of women, which they called by the name of Empone, as much as to say a heroess. This woman it was not in his power to leave, neither could he carry her conveniently along with him. Having therefore in the country certain vaults or cellars under ground, where he had hid his treasures and movables of greatest value, which were only known to two of his freed bondmen, he dismissed all the rest of his servants, as if he had intended to poison himself. And taking along with him his two faithful and trusty servants, he hid himself in one of the vaults, and sent another of his enfranchised attendants, whose name was Martalius, to tell his wife that her husband had poisoned himself and that the house and his corpse were both burnt together, designing by the lamentation and unfeigned grief of his wife to make the report of his death the more easily believed; which fell out according to his wish. For the lady, so soon as she heard the news, threw herself upon the floor, and continued for three days together without meat or drink, making the most bitter outcries, and bewailing her loss with all the marks of a real and unfeigned anguish; which Sabinus understanding, and fearing her sorrow might prevail with her to lay violent hands upon herself, he ordered the same Martalius to tell her that he was yet alive and lay hid in such a place; however, that she should for a while continue her mourning, and be sure so to counterfeit her grief that she should not be discovered. And indeed in all other things the lady acted her part so well, and managed her passion to that degree, that no woman could do it better. But having still a longing desire to see her husband, she went to him in the night and returned again so privately that nobody took any notice of her. And thus she continued keeping him company for seven months together, that it might be said to differ very little from living in hell itself. Where after she had so strangely disguised Sabinus with a false head of hair, and such odd sort of habit, that it was impossible for him to be known, she carried him to Rome along with her undiscovered to several that met him. But not being able to obtain his pardon, she returned with him back to his den, and for many years lived with him under ground; only between whiles she went to the city, and there showed herself in public to several ladies, her friends and familiar acquaintance. But that which was the most incredible of all things, she so ordered her business that none of the ladies perceived her being with child, though she bathed at the same time with them. For such is the nature of that same ointment wherewith the women anoint their hair to make it of a red-golden color, that by its fatness and oiliness it plumps and swells up the flesh of the body, and brings it up to an embonpoint. So that the lady, no less liberal of her ointment than diligent to chafe and rub her body limb by limb, by the proportionable rising and swelling of her flesh in every part, concealed the swelling of her belly. And when she came to be delivered, she endured the pains of her child-bearing alone by herself, like a lioness, hiding herself in her den with her husband; and there, as I may say, she bred up in private her two male whelps. For at that time she was delivered of two boys, of which there was one who was slain in Egypt; the other, whose name was also Sabinus, was but very lately with us at Delphi.

AUTOB.

For this reason Caesar put the lady to death; but dearly paid for the murder by the utter extirpation of his whole posterity, which in a short time after was utterly cut off from the face of the earth. For during his whole reign, there was not a more cruel and savage act committed; neither was there any other spectacle which in all probability the Gods and Daemons more detested, or any from which they more turned away their eyes in abomination of the sight. Besides, she abated the compassion of the spectators by the stoutness of her behavior and the grandeur of her utterance, than which there was nothing that more exasperated Vespasian; when, despairing of her husband’s pardon, she did as it were challenge the emperor to exchange her life for his, telling him withal, that she accounted it a far greater pleasure to live in darkness under ground as she had done, than to reign in splendor like him.

Notes on the current edition

Ἐρωτικός

1. Κιουίλιος (Civilis) em. Madvigius: Κιούλιος

2. τῶν ἄλλων πάντων W sed cf. lin. 20 πασῶν (sc. γυναικῶν) ἀρίστην

3. ἣν *: ἦν

4. ἠγμένος ἦν *: ἠγμένος, ἣν ita enim Plut. constanter loquitur vid. Symb.

5. Ἐμπονὴν] Epponinam Tacitus. Ἐμπονίναν Amyotus. Σεμόνην Salmasius

6. ib. malim ἀπολείπειν

7. οὔτε] ταύτην οὔτε aut ἢν οὔτε corrigunt male vid. Symb.

8. *: συνῄδεισαν

9. πένθει χρῆσθαι M: 13 BE

10. ib. idem: ἀληθινῶς

11. οἴκτων Winckelmannus (coll. p. 116e): 6 E 8 B

12. lac. 19 E 22 B. Supplendum cum R καὶ μηδὲν ὅλως παραλιπεῖν ὥστε aut καὶ μηδὲν δράματος ἐλλείπειν ὥστε cf. p. 749a

13. *: τῷ ἀνδρὶ πλέον Winck.: πλὴν. Fort. Plut. dixerat πλεῖν more Attico

14. ἐλπίδων add. R sed ante τινῶν

15. ἀπιστότατον] ἄπιστον τούτων BE

16. ἀναλειφόμεναι iidem

17. ib. πυρὰν iidem

18. ἤνεγκε τότε ἦγεμονίαν σκυθρωποτέραν iidem

19. οὐεσπεσιανὸν BE

20. ἀλλαγὴν] ἀπάγειν ὑπὸ γῆν aut ἀπάγειν R

21. πρὸς αὐλὸν ἀπάγειν Emperius. προσαιτεῖν ἄλλαγὴν Madvigius

22. scripsi ἢ βασιλεύειν ἐκείνῳ i. e. τὸ βεβιωκέναι ὑπὸ σκότῳ ἦν ἥδιον αὐτῇ ἢ ἐκείνῳ τὸ βασιλεύειν. Libri dant ἢ βασιλεύων ἐκείνως ( ἐκεινῶς B)

Plutarch Amatorius 25

ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs

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AUTOB.

AUTOB.

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