Plutarch, Amatorius, ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs, 24

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[24]

ΑΥΤΟΒΟΥΛΟΣ.

τὸ δʼ ἐμπαθὲς ἐν ἀρχῇ καὶ δάκνον, ὦ μακάριε Ζεύξιππε, μὴ φοβηθῇς ὡς ἕλκος ἢ ὀδαξησμὸν· καίτοι καὶ μεθʼ ἕλκους ἴσως οὐδὲν ἢ¹ δεινὸν ὥσπερ 10 τὰ δένδρα συμφυῆ γενέσθαι πρὸς γυναῖκα χρηστήν. ἕλκωσις δὲ καὶ κυήσεως ἀρχή· μῖξις γὰρ οὐκ ἔστι τῶν μὴ πρὸς ἄλληλα πεπονθότων². ταράττει δὲ καὶ μαθήματα παῖδας ἀρχομένους καὶ φιλοσοφία νέους· 769f ἀλλʼ οὔτε τούτοις ἀεὶ παραμένει τὸ δηκτικὸν οὔτε 15 τοῖς ἐρῶσιν³, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ὑγρῶν πρὸς ἄλληλα συμπεσόντων ποιεῖν τινα δοκεῖ ζέσιν ἐν ἀρχῇ καὶ τάραξιν ὁ Ἔρως, εἶτα χρόνῳ καταστήσας καὶ καθαιρεθεὶς τὴν βεβαιοτάτην διάθεσιν παρέσχεν. αὕτη⁴ γάρ ἐστιν ὡς ἀληθῶς ἡ διʼ ὅλων λεγομένη κρᾶσις, 20 ἡ τῶν ἐρώντων· ἡ δὲ τῶν ἄλλως⁵ συμβιούντων ταῖς κατʼ Ἐπίκουρον⁶ ἁφαῖς καὶ περιπλοκαῖς ἔοικε, συγκρούσεις λαμβάνουσα καὶ ἀποπηδήσεις, ἑνότητα δʼ οὐ ποιοῦσα τοιαύτην, οἵαν Ἔρως ποιεῖ γαμικῆς κοινωνίας ἐπιλαβόμενος. οὔτε γὰρ ἡδοναὶ μείζονες ἀπʼ 770a ἄλλων οὔτε χρεῖαι συνεχέστεραι πρὸς ἄλλους οὔτε φιλίας τὸ καλὸν ἑτέρας ἔνδοξον οὕτω καὶ ζηλωτόν, ὡς

ὅθʼ⁷ ὁμοφρονέοντε νοήμασιν οἶκον ἔχητον

⁸

ἀνὴρ ἠδὲ γυνή·

5 καὶ γὰρ ὁ νόμος βοηθεῖ καὶ γεννήσεως κοινῆς καὶ τοὺς θεοὺς Ἔρωτος ἡ φύσις ἀποδείκνυσι δεομένους. οὕτω γάρ ἐρᾶν μὲν ὄμβρου γαῖαν⁹ οἱ ποιηταὶ λέγουσι καὶ γῆς οὐρανόν, ἐρᾶν δʼ ἡλίου σελήνην¹⁰ οἱ φυσικοὶ καὶ συγγίγνεσθαι καὶ κυεῖσθαι· καὶ γῆν δʼ 10 ἀνθρώπων μητέρα καὶ ζῴων καὶ φυτῶν ἁπάντων 770b γένεσιν¹¹ οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον ἀπολέσθαι ποτὲ καὶ σβεσθῆναι παντάπασιν, ὅταν ὁ δεινὸς ἔρως ἢ ἵμερος¹² τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν ὕλην ἀπολίπῃ καὶ παύσηται ποθοῦσα καὶ διώκουσα τὴν ἐκεῖθεν ἀρχὴν καὶ κίνησιν¹³; ἀλλʼ ἵνα 15 μὴ μακρὰν ἀποπλανᾶσθαι δοκῶμεν ἢ κομιδῇ φλυαρεῖν, οἶσθα τοὺς παιδικοὺς ἔρωτας ὡς εἰς¹⁴ ἀβεβαιότητα πολλὰ λέγουσι¹⁵ καὶ σκώπτουσι λέγοντες, ὥσπερ ᾠὸν αὐτῶν τριχὶ διαιρεῖσθαι¹⁶ τὴν φιλίαν, αὐτοὺς δὲ νομάδων δίκην ἐνεαρίζοντας τοῖς τεθηλόσι καὶ 20 ἀνθηροῖς εἶθʼ ὡς ἐκ γῆς¹⁷ πολεμίας ἀναστρατοπεδεύειν· ἔτι¹⁸ δὲ φορτικώτερον ὁ σοφιστὴς Βίων τὰς τῶν καλῶν 770c τρίχας Ἁρμοδίους ἐκάλει καὶ Ἀριστογείτονας, ὡς ἅμα καλῆς¹⁹ τυραννίδος ἀπαλλαττομένους ὑπʼ αὐτῶν τοὺς ἐραστάς. ταῦτα μὲν οὐ δικαίως κατηγορεῖται τῶν γνησίων ἐραστῶν· τὰ δʼ ὑπʼ²⁰ Εὐριπίδου ῥηθέντʼ ἐστὶ κομψά· ἔφη γὰρ Ἀγάθωνα τὸν καλὸν ἢδη γενειῶντα περιβάλλων καὶ κατασπαζόμενος, ὅτι 5 τῶν καλῶν καὶ τὸ μετόπωρον ²¹ ἐκδέχεται μόνον οὐδὲν πολιῶσα ἀκμάζων καὶ ῥυτίσιν, ἀλλʼ ἄχρι τάφων καὶ μνημάτων παραμένει· καὶ συζυγίας ὀλίγας ἔστι παιδικῶν, μυρίας δὲ γυναικείων ἐρώτων καταριθμήσασθαι, 770d πάσης πίστεως κοινωνίαν πιστῶς ἅμα καὶ προθύμως 10 συνδιαφερούσας· βούλομαι δʼ ἕν τι τῶν καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ Καίσαρος Οὐεσπασιανοῦ γεγονότων διελθεῖν.

Amatorius. Plutarch. ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs. Leipzig. 1892.

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Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

Ἐρωτικός (Greek) (Plutarch. Plutarchi Chaeronensis Moralia, Vol. IV. Vernardakēs, Grēgorios N., editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1892.)

Translations (1)

Of Love. Perseus (Plutarch. Plutarch's Morals, Vol. IV. Goodwin, William W., editor; Philips, John, translator. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company; Cambridge: Press of John Wilson and Son, 1874.) — 24 focus

[24]

AUTOB.

As for those passionate affections which at the beginning of conjugal love raise certain fits, which are somewhat sharp and biting, most fortunate Zeuxippus, I would not have you fear them, like an ulcer or scarification. Though perhaps it would not be amiss, if it should cost you some small wound to be joined to a virtuous woman, like trees that grow together when grafted by incision upon a proper stock. The beginning of conception itself is a kind of exulceration; for there can be no mixture of things that are not affected reciprocally one by the other. The very mathematical rudiments do not a little perplex little children at the first, and philosophy troubles the brains of young beginners; but this corroding humor is not lasting, either to these or to lovers. Insomuch that a man would think that love at first resembled the mixture of two liquors, which, when once they begin to incorporate, by their ebullition discover some little disgusts; for so love at the beginning bubbles up with a kind of effervency, till being settled and purified it acquires a firm and stable constitution. For this indeed is properly that kind of mixture which is called a thorough mixture; whereas the love of other friends, conversing and living together, is like the touches and interweavings of Epicurus’s atoms, subject to raptures and separations, but can never compose such a union as proceeds from love assisting conjugal society. For neither are the pleasures received from any other source so great, nor the benefits conferred on others so lasting, nor is the glory and beauty of any other friendship so noble and desirable,

As when the man and wife at board and bed

Under one roof a life of concord lead.

AUTOB.

Moreover, it is a thing warranted by law; while Nature shows us that even the Gods themselves stood in need of love for the sake of common procreation. Thus the poets tell us that earth is in love with the showers, and heaven with the earth; and the natural philosophers are of opinion that the sun is in love with the moon, that they copulate every month, and that the moon conceives by virtue of that conjunction. And it would of necessity follow that the earth, which is the common mother of all mankind, of all animals, and of all manner of plants, would one day cease and be extinguished, should that same ardent love and desire infused by the God forsake matter, and matter cease to pursue and lust after the principles and motions of generation.

AUTOB.

But that we may not seem to wander too far or spend our time in trifles, you yourselves are not ignorant that these pederasties are by many said to be the most uncertain and least durable things in the world, and that they are derided by those that make use of them, who affirm that the love of boys, like an egg, may be destroyed by a hair;² and the lovers themselves are like the wandering Scythians, who, having spent their spring in flowery and verdant pastures, presently dislodge from thence, as out of an enemy’s country. And Bion the Sophister was yet more sharp and satirical, when he called the beards of young and beautiful striplings by the names of Harmodii and Aristogitons (i.e. tyrant-killers), since by that budding show of manhood their lovers are delivered from their pleasant tyranny. But these imputations are not justly charged upon true lovers. Elegant therefore was that which was said by Euripides. For as he was clasping and embracing the fair Agatho, after the down began to sprout forth upon his chin, he cried that the very autumn of lovely youths was pleasing and delightful. But I say more than this, that the love of virtuous women does not decay with the wrinkles that appear upon their faces, but remains and endures to their graves and monuments. Then again, we shall find but few male couples of true lovers, but thousands of men and women conjoined together in wedlock, who have reciprocally and inviolably observed a community of affection and loyalty to the end of their lives. I shall instance only one example, which happened in our time, during the reign of Caesar Vespasian.

Notes on the current edition

Ἐρωτικός

1. οὐδὲν ἦν M. In Symb. conieceram οὐδενὶ et deinde συμφυνεῖ, nunc malim οὐδὲν ἂν εἴη

2. fort. τι πεπονθότων

3. ὁρῶσιν BE

4. αὐτὴ iidem

5. em. R: ἡ τῶν ἐρώτων ἡ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων

6. Επίκουρον] cf. p. 1112c. Locum om. Usenerus

7. ὅθʼ] ὅτε BE

8. Hom. ζ 183

9. Nauck. p. 648

10. *: ἐρᾶν δὲ ἥλιον σελήνης

11. γένεσιν] cf. Hom. Ξ 201

12. μέρος BE

13. κύησιν M

14. εἰς W

15. ib. malim ψέγουσι

16. em. M: τριχῆ αἱρεῖσθαι cf. Plat. Symp. p. 190e

17. εἴθ’ ὡς ἐκ γῆς *: εὐθὺς ἐκ τῆς cf. p. 708f. 749c

18. ἔτι] ἐπεὶ BE

19. ὡς ἅμα καλῆς] scr. puto ὡς ἂν ἀπαλῆς vid. Symb.

20. ὑπʼ] ὑπὲρ BE

21. lac. indicavit R Post μόνον lac. est in B solo 13 litt. Suppleo τῶν καλῶν καὶ τὸ ΜΕΤΟΠΩΡΟΝ [ καλόν. ἐγὼ δ’ ἒν φαίην ὅτι τῶν καλῶν καὶ σωφρόνων γυναικῶν ὁ ἔρως τὸ ΜΕΤΟΠΩΡΟΝ] οὐκ ἐνδέχεται μόνον οὔτ’ ἐν πολιαῖς (aut οὐδὲν πολιαῖς Basileensis. οὐδ’ ἐν πολιαῖς Salmasius

Plutarch Amatorius 24

ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs

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ΑΥΤΟΒΟΥΛΟΣ.

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AUTOB.

AUTOB.

AUTOB.

Notes on the current edition

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