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Chorus Leader
Helen, your mother’s sister, is the cause of many evils to the Hellenes and to your house.
Helen, your mother’s sister, is the cause of many evils to the Hellenes and to your house.
Electra
Catching sight of Orestes and Pylades
Ah! Women, I have broken off my lament; strangers, who had their lair at the altar, are rising from ambush towards the household. Let us escape the villains by flight, you along the path and I to the house.
215
Ah! Women, I have broken off my lament; strangers, who had their lair at the altar, are rising from ambush towards the household. Let us escape the villains by flight, you along the path and I to the house.
215
Orestes
Stay, poor girl; do not fear my hand.
220
Stay, poor girl; do not fear my hand.
220
Electra
O Phoebus Apollo! I beseech you to spare my life.
O Phoebus Apollo! I beseech you to spare my life.
Orestes
May I kill others more hated than you!
May I kill others more hated than you!
Electra
Go away! Do not touch one whom you must not touch.
Go away! Do not touch one whom you must not touch.
Orestes
There is no one I have a better right to touch.
There is no one I have a better right to touch.
Electra
Then why are you in ambush, with drawn sword, near my house?
225
Then why are you in ambush, with drawn sword, near my house?
225
Orestes
Wait and hear, and you will soon say the same.
Wait and hear, and you will soon say the same.
Electra
I am still; in any case, I am yours, since you are the stronger.
I am still; in any case, I am yours, since you are the stronger.
Orestes
I have come to bring you word from your brother.
I have come to bring you word from your brother.
Electra
Oh best of friends! Is he alive or dead?
Oh best of friends! Is he alive or dead?
Orestes
Alive; for I want to tell you the good news first.
230
Alive; for I want to tell you the good news first.
230
Electra
May you be happy, as a reward for your most welcome tidings.
May you be happy, as a reward for your most welcome tidings.
Orestes
I give that blessing for us two to have in common.
I give that blessing for us two to have in common.
Electra
Where does the unhappy one live, in his unhappy exile?
Where does the unhappy one live, in his unhappy exile?
Orestes
He goes miserably about, not following the customs of any one city.
He goes miserably about, not following the customs of any one city.
Electra
Surely he does not want for a living, day by day?
235
Surely he does not want for a living, day by day?
235
Orestes
He has that, but an exile is a helpless man at best.
He has that, but an exile is a helpless man at best.
Electra
What is this message you have come bringing from him?
What is this message you have come bringing from him?
Orestes
If you are alive, and if so, how you are.
If you are alive, and if so, how you are.
Electra
Well then, you see first of all how withered my body is.
Well then, you see first of all how withered my body is.
Orestes
Yes, so wasted with sorrow that I sigh for it.
240
Yes, so wasted with sorrow that I sigh for it.
240
Electra
And my head and hair, close shaven as if by a Scythian’s razor.
And my head and hair, close shaven as if by a Scythian’s razor.
Orestes
Your brother and your dead father perhaps gnaw at your heart.
Your brother and your dead father perhaps gnaw at your heart.
Electra
Alas! For what is dearer to me than they?
Alas! For what is dearer to me than they?
Orestes
Ah! What are you to your brother, do you think?
Ah! What are you to your brother, do you think?
Electra
He is far away, not here to be my friend.
245
He is far away, not here to be my friend.
245
Orestes
Why are you living here, far from the city?
Why are you living here, far from the city?
Electra
I am married, stranger; a deadly match.
I am married, stranger; a deadly match.
Orestes
I pity your brother. Is your husband a Mycenaean?
I pity your brother. Is your husband a Mycenaean?
Electra
Not one to whom my father ever hoped to give me.
Not one to whom my father ever hoped to give me.
Orestes
Tell me so that I may hear and inform your brother.
250
Tell me so that I may hear and inform your brother.
250
Electra
I live in his house, at a distance from the city.
I live in his house, at a distance from the city.
Orestes
A ditch-digger or a herdsman is worthy of the house.
A ditch-digger or a herdsman is worthy of the house.
Electra
He is a man poor but noble, and respectful to me.
He is a man poor but noble, and respectful to me.
Orestes
What is this respect that your husband has?
What is this respect that your husband has?
Electra
He has never dared to touch me in bed.
255
He has never dared to touch me in bed.
255
Orestes
Does he hold some form of religious chastity, or does he think you unworthy?
Does he hold some form of religious chastity, or does he think you unworthy?
Electra
He did not think himself worthy to insult my family.
He did not think himself worthy to insult my family.
Orestes
And how was he not delighted to make such a marriage?
And how was he not delighted to make such a marriage?
Electra
He thinks the person who gave me did not have that right, stranger.
He thinks the person who gave me did not have that right, stranger.
Orestes
I understand; he fears that he may someday be punished by Orestes.
260
I understand; he fears that he may someday be punished by Orestes.
260
Electra
He does fear that, but he is also a virtuous man.
262
He does fear that, but he is also a virtuous man.
Orestes
Ah! You have described a noble man, and he must be treated well.
Ah! You have described a noble man, and he must be treated well.
Electra
Yes, if ever the one now absent comes home.
Yes, if ever the one now absent comes home.
Orestes
But did your mother, who gave you birth, endure this?
But did your mother, who gave you birth, endure this?
Electra
Women love their husbands, stranger, not their children.
265
Women love their husbands, stranger, not their children.
265
Orestes
Why did Aegisthus insult you in this way?
Why did Aegisthus insult you in this way?
Electra
He planned for me to bear powerless children, when he gave me to such a man.
He planned for me to bear powerless children, when he gave me to such a man.
Orestes
So that you might not bear sons to punish him, of course?
So that you might not bear sons to punish him, of course?
Electra
That was his plan; may he make amends to me for it!
That was his plan; may he make amends to me for it!
Orestes
Does your mother’s husband know that you are a virgin?
270
Does your mother’s husband know that you are a virgin?
270
Electra
He does not know; we steal that from him by our silence.
He does not know; we steal that from him by our silence.
Orestes
Are these women who hear our talk friends of yours ?
Are these women who hear our talk friends of yours ?
Electra
They will keep both your words and mine well hidden.
They will keep both your words and mine well hidden.
Orestes
What then could Orestes do in this matter if he comes to
Argos
?
What then could Orestes do in this matter if he comes to
Argos
?
Electra
Do you ask this? You have said a shameful word; isn’t it the critical time now?
275
Do you ask this? You have said a shameful word; isn’t it the critical time now?
275
Orestes
But if he does come, how might he kill his father’s murderers?
But if he does come, how might he kill his father’s murderers?
Electra
By daring such things as his enemies dared against my father.
By daring such things as his enemies dared against my father.
Orestes
And would you dare, with him, to kill your mother?
And would you dare, with him, to kill your mother?
Electra
Yes, with that same axe by which my father died.
Yes, with that same axe by which my father died.
Orestes
Am I to tell him this, and that your purpose is steadfast?
280
Am I to tell him this, and that your purpose is steadfast?
280
Electra
Once I had shed my mother’s blood, I might die!
Once I had shed my mother’s blood, I might die!
Orestes
Ah! Would that Orestes were near by, to hear that!
Ah! Would that Orestes were near by, to hear that!
Electra
But, stranger, I would not know him if I saw him.
But, stranger, I would not know him if I saw him.
Orestes
No wonder, for you were both young when you were parted.
No wonder, for you were both young when you were parted.
Electra
There is only one of my friends who would recognize him.
285
There is only one of my friends who would recognize him.
285
Orestes
The man who is said to have stolen him away from murder?
The man who is said to have stolen him away from murder?
Electra
Yes, the old man, my father’s old servant.
Yes, the old man, my father’s old servant.
Orestes
Did the dead man, your father, find burial?
Did the dead man, your father, find burial?
Electra
He found what he could, cast out of the house.
He found what he could, cast out of the house.
Orestes
Alas, the things you have said! For perception of suffering, even another’s, gnaws at mortals. Speak, so that when I know, I may tell your brother the story, unpleasant, but necessary to hear. Pity is not present at all in clownishness,
290
but in wise men. And indeed it is not without mischief for the wise to have overly profound thoughts.
295
Alas, the things you have said! For perception of suffering, even another’s, gnaws at mortals. Speak, so that when I know, I may tell your brother the story, unpleasant, but necessary to hear. Pity is not present at all in clownishness,
290
but in wise men. And indeed it is not without mischief for the wise to have overly profound thoughts.
295
Chorus Leader
And I have the same desire in my heart as this man. Being far from the town, I do not know the city’s scandals, and now I want to learn them.
300
And I have the same desire in my heart as this man. Being far from the town, I do not know the city’s scandals, and now I want to learn them.
Electra
I will speak, if I must—and one must speak to a friend—about my own and my father’s heavy misfortunes. Since you are setting the tale in motion, I entreat you, stranger, tell Orestes of our sorrows, mine and his. First of all, in what clothes I live like a beast in a stall,
300
with what filth I am weighted down, under what roof I dwell, having lived in a royal home; I myself working hard on my clothes at the loom, or else I shall go barely clad and do without; always carrying water from the springs myself,
305
with no share in the festival rites, no part in the dance. I turn away from married women, as a virgin; and I turn away from Castor, who sought me in marriage before he joined the gods, for I was his relative. But my mother, in the spoils of
Troy
,
310
is seated on her throne, and at her chair stand slaves from
Asia
, my father’s plunder, fastening their Trojan robes with golden brooches. And still my father’s blood has rotted black on the wall, while the one who killed him
315
mounts the same chariot and goes forth; and is proud to hold in his blood-stained hands the scepter with which my father used to command the Hellenes. Agamemnon’s grave, dishonoured, has not yet ever received any libations, or branch of myrtle,
320
but his altar is barren of ornament. That famous one, my mother’s husband, leaps on the grave, they say, when soaked in drink, and pelts my father’s marble monument with stones, and dares to say this to us:
325
Where is your son Orestes? Is he here to defend the tomb for you nobly? Orestes is insulted in this way while absent. But, stranger, I beg you, report these things. There are many calling him to come—I am their interpreter—these hands, this tongue, my broken heart,
330
my shorn head, and his own father. For it is shameful, if his father exterminated the Trojans but Orestes is unable to kill a man, one against one, being young and born from a more noble father.
335
I will speak, if I must—and one must speak to a friend—about my own and my father’s heavy misfortunes. Since you are setting the tale in motion, I entreat you, stranger, tell Orestes of our sorrows, mine and his. First of all, in what clothes I live like a beast in a stall,
300
with what filth I am weighted down, under what roof I dwell, having lived in a royal home; I myself working hard on my clothes at the loom, or else I shall go barely clad and do without; always carrying water from the springs myself,
305
with no share in the festival rites, no part in the dance. I turn away from married women, as a virgin; and I turn away from Castor, who sought me in marriage before he joined the gods, for I was his relative. But my mother, in the spoils of
Troy
,
310
is seated on her throne, and at her chair stand slaves from
Asia
, my father’s plunder, fastening their Trojan robes with golden brooches. And still my father’s blood has rotted black on the wall, while the one who killed him
315
mounts the same chariot and goes forth; and is proud to hold in his blood-stained hands the scepter with which my father used to command the Hellenes. Agamemnon’s grave, dishonoured, has not yet ever received any libations, or branch of myrtle,
320
but his altar is barren of ornament. That famous one, my mother’s husband, leaps on the grave, they say, when soaked in drink, and pelts my father’s marble monument with stones, and dares to say this to us:
325
Where is your son Orestes? Is he here to defend the tomb for you nobly? Orestes is insulted in this way while absent. But, stranger, I beg you, report these things. There are many calling him to come—I am their interpreter—these hands, this tongue, my broken heart,
330
my shorn head, and his own father. For it is shameful, if his father exterminated the Trojans but Orestes is unable to kill a man, one against one, being young and born from a more noble father.
335
Chorus Leader
And look, I see him, I mean your husband,
on his way home, his day’s work done.
340
341
And look, I see him, I mean your husband,
on his way home, his day’s work done.
340
Peasant
Entering and catching sight of strangers talking to Electra.
Oh! who are these strangers I see at my door? Why have they come here to my rustic gate? Do they want something from me? For it is shameful for a woman to be standing with young men.
Oh! who are these strangers I see at my door? Why have they come here to my rustic gate? Do they want something from me? For it is shameful for a woman to be standing with young men.
Electra
Dearest, do not be suspicious of me; you shall hear the truth; for these strangers have come to me as messengers of news from Orestes. But, strangers, pardon him for what he said.
345
Dearest, do not be suspicious of me; you shall hear the truth; for these strangers have come to me as messengers of news from Orestes. But, strangers, pardon him for what he said.
345
Peasant
What do they say? The man is alive and sees the light of day?
What do they say? The man is alive and sees the light of day?
Electra
He is, at least in their report, and I believe them.
350
He is, at least in their report, and I believe them.
350
Peasant
Surely then he remembers something of your father’s wrongs and your own?
Surely then he remembers something of your father’s wrongs and your own?
Electra
These are things to hope for; a man in exile is powerless.
These are things to hope for; a man in exile is powerless.
Peasant
What message from Orestes have they come to declare?
What message from Orestes have they come to declare?
Electra
He sent them as spies of my wrongs.
He sent them as spies of my wrongs.
Peasant
Then they see a part of it, and perhaps you are telling them the rest.
355
Then they see a part of it, and perhaps you are telling them the rest.
355
Electra
They know; they have all these things in abundance.
They know; they have all these things in abundance.
Peasant
Then shouldn’t you have opened the doors to them long before? Go into the house; for in return for your good tidings, you shall find as much hospitality as my house holds in store.
Servants, take their baggage within the house. Do not contradict me, since you are friends coming from a friend; for, even if I am poor, I will not display manners that are ill-bred.
360
364
Then shouldn’t you have opened the doors to them long before? Go into the house; for in return for your good tidings, you shall find as much hospitality as my house holds in store.
Servants, take their baggage within the house. Do not contradict me, since you are friends coming from a friend; for, even if I am poor, I will not display manners that are ill-bred.
360
Orestes
By the gods! Is this the man who makes a fraud of your marriage,
because he does not want to shame Orestes?
365
By the gods! Is this the man who makes a fraud of your marriage,
because he does not want to shame Orestes?
365
Electra
This is the one who is called my husband, unhappy as I am.
This is the one who is called my husband, unhappy as I am.
Orestes
Ah! There is no exact way to test a man’s worth; for human nature has confusion in it. For instance, I have seen before now the son of a noble father
worth nothing, and good children from evil parents; famine in a rich man’s spirit, and a mighty soul in a poor man’s body. How then does one rightly distinguish and judge these things? By wealth? A sorry test to use.
370
Or by those who have nothing? But poverty has a disease, it teaches a man to be wicked in his need. But shall I turn to warfare? Who, facing the enemy’s spear, could be a witness as to who is brave? It is best to leave these matters alone, at random.
375
For this man, neither important in
Argos
, nor puffed up by the good reputation of his family, but one of the many, has been found to be the best. Do not be foolish, you who wander about full of empty notions, but judge those noble among men by their company
380
and by their habits. For such men rule well both states and homes; while those bodies that are empty of mind are only ornaments in the market-place. For the strong arm does not await the battle any better than the weak;
385
this depends on natural courage. But, since Agamemnon’s son, both present and not present, for whose sake we have come, is worthy of it, let us accept a lodging in this house.
Calling to his servants. We must go within this house, slaves. May a man poor
390
but eager be a better host for me than a rich man! And so I am content with the reception into this man’s house, though I would have wanted your brother, in good fortune, to lead me to his fortunate home. Perhaps he may come; the oracles of Loxias are
395
sure, but human prophecy I dismiss.
Exeunt Orestes and Pylades.
400
401
Ah! There is no exact way to test a man’s worth; for human nature has confusion in it. For instance, I have seen before now the son of a noble father
worth nothing, and good children from evil parents; famine in a rich man’s spirit, and a mighty soul in a poor man’s body. How then does one rightly distinguish and judge these things? By wealth? A sorry test to use.
370
Or by those who have nothing? But poverty has a disease, it teaches a man to be wicked in his need. But shall I turn to warfare? Who, facing the enemy’s spear, could be a witness as to who is brave? It is best to leave these matters alone, at random.
375
For this man, neither important in
Argos
, nor puffed up by the good reputation of his family, but one of the many, has been found to be the best. Do not be foolish, you who wander about full of empty notions, but judge those noble among men by their company
380
and by their habits. For such men rule well both states and homes; while those bodies that are empty of mind are only ornaments in the market-place. For the strong arm does not await the battle any better than the weak;
385
this depends on natural courage. But, since Agamemnon’s son, both present and not present, for whose sake we have come, is worthy of it, let us accept a lodging in this house.
Calling to his servants. We must go within this house, slaves. May a man poor
390
but eager be a better host for me than a rich man! And so I am content with the reception into this man’s house, though I would have wanted your brother, in good fortune, to lead me to his fortunate home. Perhaps he may come; the oracles of Loxias are
395
sure, but human prophecy I dismiss.
Exeunt Orestes and Pylades.
400
Chorus Leader
Now more than before, Electra, I feel the warmth of joy at my heart; for perhaps good fortune, advancing with difficulty, might come to a good resting-place.
Now more than before, Electra, I feel the warmth of joy at my heart; for perhaps good fortune, advancing with difficulty, might come to a good resting-place.
Electra
O reckless man, why, knowing the poverty of your house,
did you welcome these strangers, greater than you?
405
O reckless man, why, knowing the poverty of your house,
did you welcome these strangers, greater than you?
405
Peasant
What? If they are really as noble as they seem, won’t they be equally content among great and small?
What? If they are really as noble as they seem, won’t they be equally content among great and small?
Electra
Since you, one of the small, have now made this error, go to my father’s dear old servant,
who tends his flocks, an outcast from the city, by the river Tanaus which cuts a boundary between
Argive
land and the land of
Sparta
; bid him come, since these men have arrived at my house, and provide something for the guests’ meal.
410
He will be glad, and will offer prayers to the gods, when he hears that the child, whom he once saved, is alive. I cannot get anything from my mother or from my father’s house; for we would bring bitter news, if she, the hard-hearted, were to learn that Orestes is still alive.
415
Since you, one of the small, have now made this error, go to my father’s dear old servant,
who tends his flocks, an outcast from the city, by the river Tanaus which cuts a boundary between
Argive
land and the land of
Sparta
; bid him come, since these men have arrived at my house, and provide something for the guests’ meal.
410
He will be glad, and will offer prayers to the gods, when he hears that the child, whom he once saved, is alive. I cannot get anything from my mother or from my father’s house; for we would bring bitter news, if she, the hard-hearted, were to learn that Orestes is still alive.
415
Peasant
I will take this message to the old man, if you wish; but go inside the house at once and make things ready there. Surely a woman, if she wants to, can find many additions to a meal. Really there is still enough in the house
420
to cram them with food for one day at least. It is in such cases, whenever I fail in my intentions, that I see how wealth has great power, to give to strangers, and to expend in curing the body when it falls sick; but money for our daily food
425
comes to little; for every man when full, rich or poor, gets an equal amount.
Exeunt Electra and Peasant.
430
I will take this message to the old man, if you wish; but go inside the house at once and make things ready there. Surely a woman, if she wants to, can find many additions to a meal. Really there is still enough in the house
420
to cram them with food for one day at least. It is in such cases, whenever I fail in my intentions, that I see how wealth has great power, to give to strangers, and to expend in curing the body when it falls sick; but money for our daily food
425
comes to little; for every man when full, rich or poor, gets an equal amount.
Exeunt Electra and Peasant.
430
Electra. Euripides. Edward P. Coleridge (Translator). London. 1891.
Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.
Funding provided by The Annenberg CPB/Project.