Euripides Hippolytus 313

Chorus

Look! where the aged nurse is bringing her forth from the house before the door, while on her brow the cloud of gloom is deepening. My soul longs to learn what is her grief, the canker that is

170

wasting our queen’s fading charms.

175

Nurse

O, the ills of mortal men! the cruel diseases they endure! What can I do for thee? from what refrain? Here is the bright sun-light, here the azure sky; lo! we have brought thee on thy bed of sickness

without the palace; for all thy talk was of coming hither, but soon back to thy chamber wilt thou hurry. Disappointment follows fast with thee, thou hast no joy in aught for long; the present has no power to please; on something absent

180

next thy heart is set. Better be sick than tend the sick; the first is but a single ill, the last unites mental grief with manual toil. Man’s whole life is full of anguish;

185

no respite from his woes he finds; but if there is aught to love beyond this life, night’s dark pall doth wrap it round. And so we show our mad love of this life because its light is shed on earth,

190

and because we know no other, and have naught revealed to us of all our earth may hide; and trusting to fables we drift at random.

195

Phaedra

Lift my body, raise my head! My limbs are all unstrung, kind friends.

O handmaids, lift my arms, my shapely arms. The tire on my head is too heavy for me to wear; away with it, and let my tresses o’er my shoulders fall.

200

Nurse

Be of good heart, dear child; toss not so wildly to and fro.

Lie still, be brave, so wilt thou find thy sickness easier to bear; suffering for mortals is nature’s iron law.

205

Phaedra

Ah! would I could draw a draught of water pure from some dew-fed spring, and lay me down to rest in the grassy meadow ’neath the poplar’s shade!

Nurse

My child, what wild speech is this? O say not such things in public, wild whirling words of frenzy bred!

Phaedra

Away to the mountain take me! to the wood, to the pine-trees I will go, where hounds pursue the prey, hard on the scent of dappled fawns. Ye gods! what joy to hark them on,

215

to grasp the barbed dart, to poise Thessalian hunting-spears close to my golden hair, then let them fly.

220

Nurse

Why, why, my child, these anxious cares? What hast thou to do with the chase?

Why so eager for the flowing spring, when hard by these towers stands a hill well watered, whence thou may’st freely draw?

225

Phaedra

O Artemis, who watchest o’er sea-beat Limna ¹ and the race-course thundering to the horse’s hoofs,

would I were upon thy plains curbing Venetian steeds!

230

Nurse

Why betray thy frenzy in these wild whirling words? Now thou wert for hasting hence to the hills away to hunt wild beasts, and now

thy yearning is to drive the steed over the waveless sands. This needs a cunning seer to say what god it is that reins thee from the course, distracting thy senses, child.

235

Phaedra

Ah me! alas! what have I done?

Whither have I strayed, my senses leaving? Mad, mad! stricken by some demon’s curse! Woe is me! Cover my head again, nurse. Shame fills me for the words I have spoken.

240

Hide me then; from my eyes the tear-drops stream, and for very shame I turn them away. Tis painful coming to one’s senses again, and madness, evil though it be, has this advantage, that one has no knowledge of reason’s overthrow.

245

Nurse

There then I cover thee; but when will death hide my body in the grave? Many a lesson length of days is teaching me. Yea, mortal men should pledge themselves

250

to moderate friendships only, not to such as reach the very heart’s core; affection’s ties should be light upon them to let them slip or draw them tight. For one poor heart to grieve for twain, as I do

255

for my mistress, is a burden sore to bear. Men say that too engrossing pursuits in life more oft cause disappointment than pleasure,

260

and too oft are foes to health. Wherefore I do not praise excess so much as moderation, and with me wise men will agree.

265

Chorus

O aged dame, faithful nurse of Phaedra, our queen, we see her sorry plight; but what it is that ails her we cannot discern,

so fain would learn of thee and hear thy opinion.

270

Nurse

I question her, but am no wiser, for she will not answer.

Chorus

Nor tell what source these sorrows have?

Nurse

The same answer thou must take, for she is dumb on every point.

Chorus

How weak and wasted is her body!

Nurse

What marvel? ’tis three days now since she has tasted food.

275

Chorus

Is this infatuation, or an attempt to die?

Nurse

’Tis death she courts; such fasting aims at ending life.

Chorus

A strange story! is her husband satisfied?

Nurse

She hides from him her sorrow, and vows she is not ill.

Chorus

Can he not guess it from her face?

280

Nurse

He is not now in his own country.

Chorus

But dost not thou insist in thy endeavour to find out her complaint, her crazy mind?

Nurse

I have tried every plan, and all in vain;

yet not even now will I relax my zeal, that thou too, if thou stayest, mayst witness my devotion to my unhappy mistress.

285

Come, come, my darling child, let us forget, the twain of us, our former words; be thou more mild,

smoothing that sullen brow and changing the current of thy thought, and I, if in aught before I failed in humouring thee, will let that be and find some better course. If thou art sick with ills thou canst not name, there be women here to help to set thee right;

290

but if thy trouble can to men’s ears be divulged, speak, that physicians may pronounce on it.

295

Come, then, why so dumb? Thou shouldst not so remain, my child, but scold me if I speak amiss, or, if I give good counsel, yield assent.

One word, one look this way! Ah me! Friends, we waste our toil to no purpose; we are as far away as ever; she would not relent to my arguments then, nor is she yielding now.

300

Well, grow more stubborn than the sea, yet be assured of this,

that if thou diest thou art a traitress to thy children, for they will ne’er inherit their father’s halls, nay, by that knightly queen the Amazon ² who bore a son to lord it over thine, a bastard born but not a bastard bred, whom well thou knowest,

305

e’en Hippolytus.

310

Phaedra

Oh! oh!

Nurse

Ha! doth that touch the quick?

Phaedra

Thou hast undone me, nurse; I do adjure by the gods, mention that man no more.

Nurse

There now! thou art thyself again, but e’en yet refusest to aid thy children and preserve thy life.

Phaedra

My babes I love, but there is another storm that buffets me.

315

Nurse

Daughter, are thy hands from bloodshed pure?

Phaedra

My hands are pure, but on my soul there rests a stain.

Nurse

The issue of some enemy’s secret witchery?

Phaedra

A friend is my destroyer, one unwilling as myself.

Nurse

Hath Theseus wronged thee in any wise?

320

Phaedra

Never may I prove untrue to him ³

Nurse

Then what strange mystery is there that drives thee on to die?

Phaedra

O, let my sin and me alone! ’tis not ’gainst thee I sin.

Nurse

Never willingly! and, if I fail, ’twill rest at thy door.

Phaedra

How now? thou usest force in clinging to my hand.

325

Nurse

Yea, and I will never loose my hold upon thy knees.

Phaedra

Alas for thee! my sorrows, shouldst thou learn them, would recoil on thee.

Nurse

What keener grief for me than failing to win thee?

Phaedra

’Twill be death to thee; though to me that brings renown. ⁴

Nurse

And dost thou then conceal this boon despite my prayers?

330

Phaedra

I do, for ’tis out of shame I am planning an honourable escape.

Nurse

Tell it, and thine honour shall the brighter shine.

Phaedra

Away, I do conjure thee; loose my hand.

Nurse

I will not, for the boon thou shouldst have granted me is denied.

Phaedra

I will grant it out of reverence for thy holy sup- pliant touch.

335

Nurse

Henceforth I hold my peace; ’tis thine to speak from now.

Phaedra

Ah! hapless mother, ⁵ what a love was thine!

Nurse

Her love for the bull? daughter, or what meanest thou?

Phaedra

And woe to thee! my sister, ⁶ bride of Dionysus.

Nurse

What ails thee, child? speaking ill of kith and kin.

340

Phaedra

Myself the third to suffer! how am I undone!

Nurse

Thou strik’st me dumb! Where will this history end?

Phaedra

That love has been our curse from time long past.

Nurse

I know no more of what I fain would learn.

Phaedra

Ah! would thou couldst say for me what I have to tell.

345

Nurse

I am no prophetess to unriddle secrets.

Phaedra

What is it they mean when they talk of people being in love?

Nurse

At once the sweetest and the bitterest thing, my child.

Phaedra

I shall only find the latter half.

Nurse

Ha! my child, art thou in love?

350

Phaedra

The Amazon’s son, whoever he may be,—

Nurse

Mean’st thou Hippolytus?

Phaedra

’Twas thou, not I, that spoke his name.

Nurse

O heavens! what is this, my child? Thou hast ruined me. Outrageous! friends; I will not live and bear it;

hateful is life, hateful to mine eyes the light. This body I resign, will cast it off, and rid me of existence by my death. Farewell, my life is o’er. Yea, for the chaste have wicked passions, ’gainst their will maybe, but still they have. Cypris, it seems, is not a goddess after all,

355

but something greater far, for she hath been the ruin of my lady and of me and our whole family.

360

Chorus

O, too clearly didst thou hear our queen uplift her voice to tell her startling tale of piteous suffering. Come death ere I reach thy state of feeling, ⁷ loved mistress.

O horrible! woe, for these miseries! woe, for the sorrows on which mortals feed! Thou art undone! thou hast disclosed thy sin to heaven’s light. What hath each passing day and every hour in store for thee?

365

Some strange event will come to pass in this house. For it is no longer uncertain where the star of thy love is setting, thou hapless daughter ⁸ of Crete.

370

Phaedra

Ladies of Troezen, who dwell here upon the frontier edge of Pelops’ land,

oft ere now in heedless mood through the long hours of night have I wondered why man’s life is spoiled; and it seems to me their evil case is not due to any natural fault of judgment, for there be many dowered with sense, but we must view the matter in this light;

375

by teaching and experience we learn the right but neglect it in practice, some from sloth, others from preferring pleasure of some kind or other to duty. Now life has many pleasures, protracted talk, and leisure, that seductive evil;

380

likewise there is shame which is of two kinds, one a noble quality, the other a curse to families; but if for each its proper time were clearly known, these twain could not have had the selfsame letters to denote them.

385

So then since I had made up my mind on these points, ’twas not likely any drug would alter it

and make me think the contrary. And I will tell thee too the way my judgment went. When love wounded me, I bethought me how I best might bear the smart. So from that day forth I began to hide in silence what I suffered.

390

For I put no faith in counsellors, who know well to lecture others for presumption, yet themselves have countless troubles of their own. Next I did devise noble endurance of these wanton thoughts, striving by continence for victory.

395

And last when I could not succeed in mastering love hereby, methought it best to die; and none can gainsay my purpose. For fain I would my virtue should to all appear, my shame have few to witness it.

400

I knew my sickly passion now; to yield to it I saw how infamous; and more, I learnt to know so well that I was but a woman, a thing the world detests. Curses, hideous curses on that wife, who first did shame her marriage-vow for lovers other than her lord! ’Twas from noble families

405

this curse began to spread among our sex. For when the noble countenance disgrace, poor folk of course will think that it is right. Those too I hate who make profession of purity, though in secret reckless sinners.

410

How can these, queen Cypris, ocean’s child, e’er look their husbands in the face? do they never feel one guilty thrill that their accomplice, night, or the chambers of their house will find a voice and speak?

415

419

This it is that calls on me to die, kind friends,

that so I may ne’er be found to have disgraced my lord, or the children I have born; no! may they grow up and dwell in glorious Athens, free to speak and act, heirs to such fair fame as a mother can bequeath. For to know that father or mother have sinned doth turn

420

the stoutest heart to slavishness. This alone, men say, can stand the buffets of life’s battle, a just and virtuous soul in whomsoever found. For time unmasks the villain sooner or later, holding up to them a mirror as to some blooming maid.

425

’Mongst such may I be never seen!

430

Chorus

Now look! how fair is chastity however viewed, whose fruit is good repute amongst men.

Nurse

My queen, ’tis true thy tale of woe, but lately told, did for the moment strike me with wild alarm,

but now I do reflect upon my foolishness; second thoughts are often best even with men. Thy fate is no uncommon one nor past one’s calculations; thou art stricken by the passion Cypris sends. Thou art in love; what wonder? so are many more.

435

Wilt thou, because thou lov’st, destroy thyself? ’Tis little gain, I trow, for those who love or yet may love their fellows, if death must be their end; for though the Love-Queen’s onset in her might is more than man can bear, yet doth she gently visit yielding hearts,

440

and only when she finds a proud unnatural spirit, doth she take and mock it past belief. Her path is in the sky, and mid the ocean’s surge she rides; from her all nature springs; she sows the seeds of love, inspires the warm desire

445

to which we sons of earth all owe our being. They who have aught to do with books of ancient scribes, or themselves engage in studious pursuits, know how Zeus of Semele was enamoured,

450

how the bright-eyed goddess of the Dawn once stole Cephalus to dwell in heaven for the love she bore him; yet these in heaven abide nor shun the gods’ approach, content, I trow, to yield to their misfortune.

455

459

Wilt thou refuse to yield? thy sire, it seems, should have begotten thee on special terms

or with different gods for masters, if in these laws thou wilt not acquiesce. How many, prithee, men of sterling sense, when they see their wives unfaithful, make as though they saw it not? How many fathers, when their sons have gone astray,

460

assist them in their amours? ’tis part of human wisdom to conceal the deed of shame. Nor should man aim at excessive refinement in his life; for ⁹ they cannot with exactness finish

465

e’en the roof that covers in a house; and how dost thou, after falling into so deep a pit, think to escape? Nay, if thou hast more of good than bad, thou wilt fare exceeding well, thy human nature considered.

470

O cease, my darling child, from evil thoughts, let wanton pride be gone, for this is naught else,

this wish to rival gods in perfectness. Face thy love; ’tis heaven’s will thou shouldst. Sick thou art, yet turn thy sickness to some happy issue. For there are charms and spells to soothe the soul; surely some cure for thy disease will be found.

475

Men, no doubt, might seek it long and late if our women’s minds no scheme devise.

480

Chorus

Although she gives thee at thy present need the wiser counsel, Phaedra, yet do I praise thee. Still my praise may sound more harsh

and jar more cruelly on thy ear than her advice.

485

Phaedra

’Tis even this, too plausible a tongue, that overthrows good governments and homes of men. We should not speak to please the ear but point the path that leads to noble fame.

Nurse

What means this solemn speech? No need of rounded phrases; ¹⁰ but at once must we sound the prince, telling him frankly how it is with thee. Had not thy life to such a crisis come, ¹¹ or wert thou with self-control endowed,

490

ne’er would I to gratify thy passions have urged thee to this course; but now ’tis a struggle fierce to save thy life, and therefore less to blame.

495

Phaedra

Accursed proposal! peace, woman! never utter those shameful words again!

Nurse

Shameful, maybe, yet for thee better than honour’s code. Better this deed, if it shall save thy life, than that name thy pride will kill thee to retain.

500

Phaedra

I conjure thee, go no further! for thy words are plausible but infamous; for though as yet

love has not ¹² undermined my soul, yet, if in specious words thou dress thy foul suggestion, I shall be beguiled into the snare from which I am now escaping.

505

Nurse

If thou art of this mind, ’twere well thou ne’er hadst sinned; but as it is, hear me; for that is the next best course; I in my house have charms

to soothe thy love,—’twas but now I thought of them;—these shall cure thee of thy sickness on no disgraceful terms, thy mind unhurt, if thou wilt be but brave.

510

But from him thou lovest we must get some token, a word or fragment of his robe,

and thereby unite in one love’s twofold stream. ¹³

515

Phaedra

Is thy drug a salve or potion?

Nurse

I cannot tell; be content, my child, to profit by it and ask no questions.

Phaedra

I fear me thou wilt prove too wise for me.

Nurse

If thou fear this, confess thyself afraid of all; but why thy terror?

Phaedra

Lest thou shouldst breathe a word of this to Theseus’ son.

520

Nurse

Peace, my child! I will do all things well; only be thou, queen Cypris, ocean’s child, my partner in the work! And for the rest of my purpose, it will be enough for me to tell it to Our friends within the house. [Exit Nurse.