Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War 7.58

[1] On the other side, there opposed them on the part of the Syracusians, the Camarinaeans their borderers; and beyond them again the Geloans;

[2] and then (the Agrigentines not stirring) beyond them again the same way, the Selinuntians. These inhabit the part of Sicily that lieth opposite to Afric. Then the Himeraeans, on the side that lieth on the Tyrrhene sea, where they are the only Grecians inhabiting, and only aided them.

[3] These were their confederates of the Greek nation within Sicily, all Dorians and free states. Then of the barbarians there, they had the Siculi, all but what revolted to the Athenians. For Grecians without Sicily, the Lacedaemonians sent them a Spartan commander, with some Helotes and the rest freedmen. Then aided them both with galleys and with land men the Corinthians only; and for kindred's sake, the Leucadians and Ambraciotes; out of Arcadia, those mercenaries sent by the Corinthians; and Sicyonians on constraint; and from without Peloponnesus, the Boeotians.

[4] To the foreign aids the Sicilians themselves, as being great cities, added more in every kind than as much again; for they got together men of arms, galleys, and horses, great store, and other number in abundance. And to all these again the Syracusians themselves added, as I may say, about as much more, in respect of the greatness both of their city and of their danger.

[1] Such were the peoples serving with the Athenians. Against these the Syracusans had the Camarinaeans their neighbors, the Geolans who live next them, and then passing over the neutral Agrigentines, the Selinuntines settled on the farther side of the island.

[2] These inhabit the part of Sicily looking towards Libya ; the Himeraeans came from the side towards the Tyrrhenian sea, being the only Hellenic inhabitants in that quarter, and the only people that came from thence to the aid of the Syracusans.

[3] Of the Hellenes in Sicily the above peoples joined in the war, all Dorians and independent, and of the barbarians the Sicels only, that is to say, such as did not go over to the Athenians. Of the Hellenes outside Sicily there were the Lacedaemonians, who provided a Spartan to take the command, and a force of Neodamodes or Freedmen, and of Helots; the Corinthians, who alone joined with naval and land forces, with their Leucadian and Ambraciot kinsmen; some mercenaries sent by Corinth from Arcadia ; some Sicyonians forced to serve, and from outside Peloponnese the Boeotians.

[4] In comparison, however with these foreign auxiliaries, the great Siceliot cities furnished more in every department—numbers of heavy infantry, ships and horses, and an immense multitude besides having been brought together; while in comparison, again, one may say, with all the rest put together, more was provided by the Syracusans themselves, both from the greatness of the city and from the fact that they were in the greatest danger.

Dies waren die Völkerschaften, welche mit den Athenern
hielten. Den Syrakusanern hingegen, waren zu Hülfe gezogen die
Kamarinäer, ihre Gränznachbarn, und die Getaner, welche an jene
anstießen, und weiterhin — da die Akragantiner neutral blieben — ^{1 2}
die weiter jenseits wohnenden Selinuntier. Diese find es, welche
den Theil SicilienS bewohnen , der. gegen Afrika hingewendet ist.
Von dem Theil.aber, dernach dem Tyrsenischen Meere hin liegt,
halfen allein die Himeräer, s welche auch die einzigen Hellenen find,
die nach jener Seite wohnen. Dies find die Hellenischen Völker von
Sieilien, welche auf ihrer Seite kämpften, alle Dorer und mit eigener
Verfassung; von Barbaren aber nur diejenigen Sikuler, welche, nicht
auf die Seite der Athener übergetreten waren. Von den Hellenen
außerhalb SicilienS gaben die Lakedämonier Einen Spartiatcn.als
Feldherrn, sonst aber nur Neubürger und Heloten -7-. Neubürger
aber ist, wer. eben erst die Freiheit erlangt hat; die Korinther; die
allein mit Schiffen und Landtruppen gekommen.waren, und die
Leukadier und Amprakioten als Stammverwandte; Arkadische Söldlinge,
von den Korinthern gesendet, und die Sikyonier, gezwungen
mitziehend; von außerhalb'des. Peloponnes die Böotier., Im
Verhältniß hatten zu dieser Hülfsmacht die ficilischen Griechen in allen
Truppengattungen selbst die größere Zahl gestellt; da sie volkreiche
Städte hatten; denn sowohl viele Schwerbewaffnete, als auch Schiffe
und Pferde und der sonstige Haufe waren zahlreich zusammen
gekommen; und unter diesen Allen wieder hatten die Syrakusaner, kann
man wohl sagen, verhältnißmäßig das Meiste geleistet, wegen der
Größe ihrer Stadt und weil für sie die Gefahr am größten war. i

LVIII. Les Syracusains, de leur côté, avaient pour auxiliaires les habitants de Camarina qui leur sont limitrophes, et ceux de Géla qui viennent ensuite. Les Agrigentins étaient neutres; mais, de l’autre côté d’Agrigente, les Sélinontins étaient avec Syracuse. Tous ces peuples habitent la partie de la Sicile tournée vers la Libye. Du côté qui regarde la mer Tyrsénienne, les Himériens, les seuls Grecs établis dans cette partie, furent aussi les seuls qui secoururent les Syracusains. Tels étaient les alliés de Syracuse parmi les peuples grecs de la Sicile; tous sont Doriens et autonomes. Parmi les barbares, ils n’avaient avec eux que ceux des Sicèles qui n’avaient point passé aux Athéniens. Quant aux Grecs du dehors, les Lacédémoniens fournirent un commandant Spartiate, des néodamodes et des hilotes (néodamode signifie affranchi). Les Corinthiens seuls amenèrent simultanément une flotte et une armée de terre; des liens de parenté engagèrent dans la ligue les Leucadiens et les Ambraciotes; il vint d’Arcadie des mercenaires envoyés par les Corinthiens; les Sicyoniens furent forcés à marcher. En dehors du Péloponnèse ils eurent avec eux les Béotiens. Mais comparativement, les secours fournis par les Siciliens furent, grâce à l’importance de leurs villes, supérieurs de beaucoup sous tous les rapports à ceux envoyés du dehors. Ils rassemblèrent un grand nombre d’hoplites, de vaisseaux, de cavalerie et une masse d’autres troupes. Toutefois les Syracusains contribuèrent, on peut le dire, plus que tous les autres ensemble, en raison de la puissance de leur ville et du péril extrême où ils étaient.

Les Syracusains furent secourus par leurs voisins dé Gamarine et par Gela, qui est plus éloignée. Agrigente resta neutre ; mais Sélinonte, située encore plus loin, dans la partie de la Sicile qui regarde la Libye , se joignit à eux, de même qu’Himéra, seule ville grecque sur la côte de la mer Tyrrhé-nienne, et la seule aussi de ces parages qui soutînt Syracuse. Tels furent les Grecs de Sicile , tous Doriens et indépendants, qui s’armèrent pour les Syracusains. Parmi les barbares, leurs seuls alliés furent ceux de Sicules qui ne s’étaient pas prononcés en faveur des Athéniens. Quant aux Grecs du dehors, les Lacédémoniens fournirent un commandant Spartiate, des Néodamos et des Hilotes — le nom de Néodamode signifie affranchi. — Les Corinthiens seuls envoyèrent des vaisseaux et des troupes de terre. Les Leucadiens et les Ambraciotes se joignirent à eux à cause de la communauté d’origine ¹ . Il vint d’Arcadie des mercenaires levés par les Corinthiens, de même que des Sicyoniens qui servaient par contrainte ² . En dehors du Péloponèse, les alliés de Syracuse étaient les Béotiens. Si l’on compare le nombre de ces auxiliaires avec les forces fournies par les Grecs de Sicile, on trouve celles-ci fort supérieures sous tous les rapports, ce qui est naturel, vu l’importance des villes qu’ils habitent. Ils rassemblèrent une foule d’hoplites, de vaisseaux, de cavaliers et des troupes légères.

Toutefois les Syracusains à eux seuls, on peut le dire, contribuèrent plus fortement que tous les autres ensemble, soit à cause de la grandeur de leur ville, soit parce qu’ils étaient plus directement menacés.

Telles furent les forces auxiliaires des deux partis. A cette époque elles étaient complètes, et dès lors elles ne reçurent plus d’augmentation.

[1] The Syracusans, on the other hand, were aided by the Camarinaeans, ¹ who were their next neighbours, and the Geloans, who lived next to the Camarinaeans;

[2] then, since the Agrigentines were neutral, ² by the Selinuntians, ³ who were settled in the country beyond. All these occupied that part of Sicily which faces Libya, but the Himeraeans ⁴ came from the part which faces the Tyrrhenian Sea, where they were the only Hellenic inhabitants; and they alone from that region came to the aid of the Syracusans.

[3] Such were the Hellenic peoples in Sicily, all Dorians and independent, that fought on their side; but of Barbarians, the Sicels alone—those, that is, that had not gone over to the side of the Athenians. Of the Hellenes outside of Sicily there were the Lacedaemonians, who furnished a Spartan as commander-in-chief, but no troops except Neodamodes ⁵ and Helots; the Corinthians, who alone were at hand with both a fleet and a land-force; the Leucadians and Ambraciots, both induced by the tie of kinship; ⁶ from Arcadia ⁷ mercenaries sent by the Corinthians; the Sicyonians, who served under compulsion; ⁸ and, from outside the Peloponnesus, the Boeotians. ⁹

[4] As compared with all these, who came from abroad, the Siceliots themselves supplied a greater number of troops of every kind, inasmuch as the cities they inhabited were large; and in fact the forces they collected comprised hoplites in large numbers, as well as ships, horses, and a miscellaneous horde of vast numbers. And again, in comparison with all the rest, speaking roughly, the Syracusans themselves provided the larger number, both on account of the greatness of their city and because they were in the greatest danger.

[1] To the aid of the Syracusans, on the other hand, came the Camarinaeans, who lived on their borders; the Geloans, who lived next to them;

[2] and then (for the Acragantines were neutral) the Selinuntines, who were situated on the farther side of the island. These occupied the part of Sicily opposite to Libya, but the Himeraeans the side towards the Tyrrhenian sea, in which they are the only Greek inhabitants, and from which they were the only auxiliaries of the Syracusans.

[3] Such then were the Grecian communities in Sicily that joined in the war, being all Dorians and independent. Of the barbarians,. there were the Sicels alone, such of them as had not gone over to the Athenians. Of the Greeks beyond the limits of Sicily, there were the Lacedaemonians, who supplied a Spartan leader, while the rest of the troops were Neodamodes and Helots; (the term Neodamode being now equivalent to free;) the Corinthians, who alone of all the allies joined with both sea and land forces; the Leucadians, also, and Ambraciots, for the sake of their connexion with them; while mercenaries were sent from Arcadia by the Corinthians, and some Sicyonians, who were pressed into the service. From beyond the Peloponnese, some Boeotians joined them.

[4] Compared, however, with these who came as auxiliaries, the Siceliots themselves supplied larger numbers in every branch of the service, inasmuch as they were powerful states; for numerous heavy-armed, ships, and horses, and an abundant ¹ crowd besides, were collected by them. And compared, again, with all the rest pot together, as one may say, the Syracusans by themselves furnished more numerous levies, both from the greatness of their city, and because they were in the greatest peril.

[1] Contra autem Syracusanis opem tulerant Ca-marinaei, qui erant iis finitimi, et Geloi, qui post hos habitabant; deinde, Agrigentinis quiescentibus, Selinuntii, qui sedes eupra illos habent.

[2] Atque hi quidem incolebant eam Siciliae partem, quae Africam versus spectat; Hi-meraei vero ab ea parte, quae mare Tyrrhenum spectat, in qua etiam soli ex Graecis habitant; hi vero etiam soli illinc auxilio venerant.

[3] Atque tot quidem nominis Graeci gentes, quae in Sicilia sedes habebant, et Dorienses et omnes sui juris, in hoc bello Syracusanos adjuvabant; ex barbaris vero soli Siculi, quotquot non ad Athenienses defecerant ; ex Graecis vero, qui sunt extra Siciliam, Lacedaemonii quidem ducem Spartanum praebentes, reliquos vero ex neodamodibus et Helotibus (neodamodum autem nomine significantur ii, qui jam liberi sunt), Corinthii vero soli simul et classe et peditatu, et Leucadii et Ambraciotae propter cognationem profecti illuc; ex Arcadia vero mercenarii milites a Corinthiis missi, et Sicyonii per necessitatem militantes, et ex illis, qui sunt extra Peloponnesum, Boeoti.

[4] Sed ad istas adventitias copias ipsi Sicilienses multitudinem longe majorem per omnia contulerunt, quippe qui magnas urbes incolerent; etenim et multi gravis armaturae milites, et naves, et equi, et alia maxima multitudo collecta est. Et ad ceteros omnes prope dixerim rursus ipsi Syracusani plus copiarum suppeditaverunt, et propter uibis magnitudinem, et quod in maximo discrimine versabantur,

Dall’altra parte furono a soccorso de' Siracusani i Camarinei loro confinatiti, ed i Geloi die abitano dopo questi ; e per esser calmate le cose degli Acragantini vi vennero anclie i Selinuntii che hanno le loro sedie al di là di essi. Tulli questr abitano la parte della Sicilia che guarda l’Affrica. Quindi gl’ ìmerei da quel lato che è volto al mar Tirreno ove essi soli dei Greci hauno abitazione, e però essi soli di là andarono in aiuto. Tanti erano i popoli greci di Sicilia, e tutti di stirpe dorica e indipendenti, che si unirono in questa guerra. Dei barbari i soli Siculi, quanti non eran passali alla parte degli Ateniesi. Dei Greci fuor di Sicilia, i Lacedemoni con un capitano spartano, e l'altra turba di Neodamodi ed Iloti. INeodamode importa lo stesso che essere ornai libero. Dipoi i Corinti i i soli venuti con navi e truppe da sbarco , ed i Leucadii e gli Ambracioti per titolo di parentela. Dall’Arcadia i mercenarii inviativi dai Corintii, ed i Siciouii costretti a pigliar •le armi ; e dei popoli fuori del Peloponneso, i Beozii. Oltre tutte queste genti venute di fuori, i Siciliani da sè diedero quantità maggiore in ogni genere di milizia, siccome quelli che abitavano grandi città ; poiché vi furono adunate molte soldatesche gravi, e navi e cavalli ed altra turba copiosissima. Ed i Siracusani in confronto di tutti gli altri, per così dire, diedero di più anche in questa occasione, perché abitavano ampia città, e perchè erano esposti a maggior pericolo.