Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War 4.28

[1] But Nicias, seeing the Athenians to be in a kind of tumult against Cleon, for that when he thought it so easy a matter he did not presently put it in practice, and seeing also he had upbraided him, willed him to take what strength he would that they could give him and undertake it.

[2] Cleon, supposing at first that he gave him this leave but in words, was ready to accept it; but when he knew he would give him the authority in good earnest, then he shrunk back and said that not he but Nicias was general, being now indeed afraid and hoping that he durst not have given over the office to him.

[3] But then Nicias again bade him do it and gave over his command [to him] for so much as concerned Pylus and called the Athenians to witness it. They (as is the fashion of the multitude), the more Cleon declined the voyage and went back from his word, pressed Nicias so much the more to resign his power to him and cried out upon Cleon to go.

[4] Insomuch as not knowing how to disengage himself of his word, he undertook the voyage, and stood forth saying that he feared not the Lacedaemonians and that he would not carry any man with him out of the city but only the Lemnians and Imbrians that then were present and those targettiers that were come to them from Aenus and four hundred archers out of other places; and with these, he said, added to the soldiers that were at Pylus already, he would within twenty days either fetch away the Lacedaemonians alive or kill them upon the place.

[5] This vain speech moved amongst the Athenians some laughter, and was heard with great content of the wiser sort. For of two benefits, the one must needs fall out: either to be rid of Cleon (which was their greatest hope) or, if they were deceived in that, then to get those Lacedaemonians into their hands.

[1] Nicias, seeing the Athenians murmuring against Cleon for not sailing now if it seemed to him so easy, and further seeing himself the object of attack, told him that for all that the generals cared, he might take what force he chose and make the attempt.

[2] At first Cleon fancied that this resignation was merely a figure of speech, and was ready to go, but finding that it was seriously meant, he drew back, and said that Nicias, not he, was general, being now frightened, and having never supposed that Nicias would go so far as to retire in his favour.

[3] Nicias, however, repeated his offer, and resigned the command against Pylos , and called the Athenians to witness that he did so. And as the multitude is wont to do, the more Cleon shrank from the expedition and tried to back out of what he had said, the more they encouraged Nicias to hand over his command, and clamored at Cleon to go.

[4] At last, not knowing how to get out of his words, he undertook the expedition, and came forward and said that he was not afraid of the Lacedaemonians, but would sail without taking any one from the city with him, except the Lemnians and Imbrians that were at Athens , with some targeteers that had come up from Aenus , and four hundred archers from other quarters. With these and the soldiers at Pylos , he would within twenty days either bring the Lacedaemonians alive, or kill them on the spot.

[5] The Athenians could not help laughing at his fatuity, while sensible men comforted themselves with the reflection that they must gain in either circumstance; either they would be rid of Cleon, which they rather hoped, or if disappointed in this expectation, would reduce the Lacedaemonians.

Da nun die Athener gegen den Kleon schrieen, warum
er denn nicht gleich in See gehe, wenn ihm das so gar leicht dünke,
auch Nikias sah, daß es auf ihn gemünzt sei, so erklärte dieser, wenn
Kleon sich eine beliebig große Macht nehmen und die Sache
versuchen wolle, so sei ihm das erlaubt, so weit es die Feldherrn angehe.
Und Kleon zeigte sich nun zuerst zwar bereit dazu, weil er glaubte,
daß jener nur so leeres Gerede mache mit seinem freiwilligen
Rücktritt; als er aber sah, daß ihm Nikias wirklich sein Amt überlassen
wolle, so zog er wieder zurück und sagte, nicht seines Amtes sei es
in's Feld zu ziehen, sondern Jenes; denn jetzt wurde ihm bange,
und er hatte gar nicht geglaubt, daß es Nikias über sich gewinnen
könne, ihm zu weichen. Da trat nun Nikias zum zweiten Mal mit
seinem Antrag auf und legte für sich das Kommando für Pylos
nieder und rief dabei die Athener zu Zeugen auf. Diese nun, —
wie es ja der blinde Haufe zu machen pflegt — je mehr Kleon dem
Seezug auszuweichen und für seine Versprechungen Ausflüchte suchte,
hießen den Nikias um so eifriger dem Kleon sein Amt überlassen ¹
und schrieen diesem zu, er solle in See stechen. So wußte er znletzt >
nicht mehr, wie er sich seinem Versprechen entziehen sollte, übernahm
den Seezug, trat aus und sagte, er fürchte sich vor den Lakedämoniern
nicht, sondern werde in See gehen und nicht einmal dazu einen
Bürger mitnehmen, sondern nur die anwesenden Lemnier und Jmbrier
und die Leichtbewaffneten, die als Hülssvölker von Aenos und
die Bogenschützen, die aus anderen Orten gekommen waren, an der
Zahl vier Hundert. Mit dieser Macht, sagte er, und ihrer
Mannschaft in Pylos wolle er innerhalb zwanzig Tagen die Lakedämonier
entweder lebendig einbringen, oder am Platze in Stücke hauen. Die
Athener lachten nun wohl über diese Windbeutelei, gleichwohl aber
kam den Vernünftigen unter ihnen die Sache ganz erwünscht, denn
sie rechneten, von zwei Vortheilen müsse der eine eintreffen, entweder
den Kleon los zu werden was sie für das Wahrscheinlichere
hielten, oder, wenn diese Erwartung sie täuschte, die Lakedämonier in
ihre Gewalt zu bekommen.

XXVIII. Les Athéniens commençaient à murmurer contre Cléon et demandaient pourquoi il ne partait pas à l’instant, si la chose lui paraissait si facile. Alors Nicias, qui se voyait personnellement attaqué, lui dit que les généraux l’autorisaient, pour leur part, à prendre toutes les troupes qu’il voudrait, et à tenter l’entreprise. Cléon, croyant d’abord que c’était une feinte, était prêt à accepter ; mais lorsqu’il s’aperçut que cette offre était sérieuse, il recula et dit que ce n’était pas lui, mais Nicias, qui était général ; il commençait à craindre, sans croire encore cependant que Nicias osât se démettre en sa faveur. Mais Nicias insista de rechef, se démit du commandement de l’armée de Pylos, et prit les Athéniens à témoin. Plus Cléon faisait d’efforts pour échapper à cette expédition et pour revenir sur sa déclaration, plus la multitude (car tel est son caractère) pressait Nicias de lui abandonner le commandement, et criait à Cléon de s’embarquer. Enfin, n’ayant plus aucun moyen de revenir sur sa parole, il accepte le commandement de l’expédition, et, s’avançant au milieu de l’assemblée, il déclare qu’il n’a pas peur des Lacédémoniens, qu’il n’embarquera avec lui personne de la ville, et ne prendra que les troupes de Lemnos et d’Imbros, présentes à Athènes, des peltastes auxiliaires d’Énos ¹ , et quatre cents archers également étrangers. Avec ces forces, réunies aux soldats de Pylos, il s’engage à amener, dans les vingt jours, les Lacédémoniens prisonniers, ou à les tuer sur place. Les Athéniens rirent un peu de sa forfanterie ; mais les gens sages ne virent pas ce résultat sans quelque plaisir ; car ils calculaient que de deux biens il y en avait un qui ne pouvait leur échapper, ou être débarrassés de Cléon — c’était là ce qui leur semblait le plus probable — ou, si leurs pré- visions étaient trompées, se rendre maîtres des Lacédémoniens.

Les Athéniens murmuraient contre Cléon et disaient : « Que ne part-il sur-le-champ, si la chose lui paraît facile?» Nicias, attaqué directement, répondit que les généraux l’autorisaient pour leur part à prendre toutes les troupes qu’il voudrait et à tenter l’entreprise. Cléon, ne croyant pas d’abord que cette offre fût sérieuse, y donnait les mains; mais, lorsqu’il vit que c’était tout de bon, il tergiversa, disant qu’après tout, ce n’était pas lui, mais Nicias, qui était général. Il commençait à craindre, sans le croire toutefois, qu'il ne lui cédât effectivement la place. Alors Nicias, revenant à la charge, se démit du commandement de Pylos, et en prit l’assemblée à témoin. A mesure que Cléon reculait et rétractait ses paroles, le peuple, par un de ces mouvements familiers à la multitude, criait à Nicias de se démettre, et à Cléon de partir. Ainsi pris au mot, Cléon se décide à s’embarquer. Il déclare devant le peuple qu’il n’a pas peur des Lacédémoniens ; qu’il n’emmènera personne de la ville, mais seulement les Lemniens et les Imbriens alors à Athènes ¹ , des peltastes venus d’Énos en qualité d’auxiliaires, et quatre, cents archers d’autres pays. Avec ces troupes, réunies à l’armée déjà sur les Jieux, il se fait fort d’amener dans vingt jours les Lacédémoniens captifs ou de les tuer sur place. Les Athéniens riaient de la fatuité de ce langage; mais les gens sensés s’applaudissaient en pensant que de deux biens l’un était infaillible : ou d’être debarrassés de Cléon, ce qui leur paraissait le plus probable ; ou, dans le cas contraire, de tenir les Lacédémoniens en leur pouvoir.

[1] The Athenians thereupon began to clamour against Cleon, asking him why he did not sail even now, if it seemed to him so easy a thing; and Nicias, noticing this and Cleon's taunt, told him that as far as the generals were concerned he might take whatever force he wished and make the attempt.

[2] As for Cleon, he was at first ready to go, thinking it was only in pretence that Nicias offered to relinquish the command; but when he realized that Nicias really desired to yield the command to him, he tried to back out, saying that not he but Nicias was general; for by now he was alarmed, and never thought that Nicias would go so far as to retire in his favour.

[3] But again Nicias urged him to go and offered to resign his command of the expedition against Pylos, calling the Athenians to witness that he did so. And the more Cleon tried to evade the expedition and to back out of his own proposal, the more insistently the Athenians, as is the way with a crowd, urged Nicias to give up the command and shouted to Cleon to sail.

[4] And so, not knowing how he could any longer escape from his own proposal, he undertook the expedition, and, coming forward, said that he was not afraid of the Lacedaemonians, and that he would sail without taking a single Athenian soldier, but only the Lemnian and Imbrian troops which were in Athens and a body of targeteers which had come from Aenos, and four hundred archers from other places. With these, in addition to the troops now at Pylos, he said that within twenty days he would either bring back the Lacedaemonians alive or slay them on the spot.

[5] At this vain talk of his there was a burst of laughter on the part of the Athenians, but nevertheless the sensible men among them were glad, for they reflected that they were bound to obtain one of two good things—either they would get rid of Cleon, which they preferred, or if they were disappointed in this, he would subdue the Lacedaemonians for them.

[1] Nicias, observing that the Athenians began to murmur at Cleon for not sailing as it was, if he thought it so easy, and at the same time seeing that he aimed his taunts at him, desired him to take whatever force he chose, as far as the generals were concerned, and make the attempt.

[2] Cleon, thinking at first that he only pretended to give up the command to him, was prepared to accept it; but when he found that he really wished to transfer it to him, he drew back, and said that he was not general, but they; being afraid now, and not supposing that Nicias would have brought himself to retire in his favour.

[3] He, however, again urged him to undertake it, and resigned the command against Pylus, and called on the Athenians to attest it. They, as the multitude is ever wont to do, the more Cleon shrank from the expedition, and tried to escape from what he had said, pressed Nicias the more to give up the command to him, and called loudly on Cleon to set sail.

[4] So that not knowing how to evade his words any longer, he undertook the voyage, and, coming forward, said, that he was not afraid of the Lacedaemonians, but would set sail, taking with him no one out of the city, but only the Lemnians and Imbrians that were there, with some targeteers that had come to their aid from Oenus, and four hundred bowmen from other quarters. With these, in addition to the soldiers at Pylus, he said that within twenty days he would either bring the Lacedaemonians alive, or kill them on the spot.

[5] The Athenians were seized with laughter at his vain talking, but nevertheless the sensible part of them were pleased with the business, reckoning that they should gain one of two good things; either to be rid of Cleon, which they rather hoped, or, if deceived in their opinion, to get the Lacedaemonians into their hands.

[1] At Nicias, quum Athenienses aliquantulum tn-multuati essent adversus Cleonem, quod non vel nunc etiam, si res facilis ipsi videretur, navigaret, simul etiam, quum videret eum ignaviam sibi exprobrantem, jussit ipsum assumptis quibus vellet copiis, quod quidem ad se collegasque attineret, rem aggredi.

[2] Hic vero primo quidem existimans, eum verbotenus hoc concedere, paratus erat; sed ubi cognovit, ipsum revera cupere imperium tradere, tergiversari coepit, et illum, non se, praetoria dignitate praeditum esse dixit, timore jam perculsus, et ratus eum sibi cedere non ausurum.

[3] Nicias vero rursus idem jubebat, et praetura ad Pylum cedebat, et Athenienses testabatur. Illi vero, quemadmodum vulgus facere solet, quo magis Cleo navigationem subterfugiebat ac deserebat dicta sua, eo magis Niciae imperabant, ut praeturam traderet, illique acclamabant, ut navigaret.

[4] Quamobrem Cleo, quum non posset amplius se expedire cx iis, quae dixerat, expeditionem suscipit, et in medium progressus dixit se non timere Lacedaemonios, et se navigaturum nullo de civium numero secum docto, sed cum Lemniis et Imbriis, qui aderant, et peltatis, qui cx iEno venerant auxilio, et aliunde sagittariis quadringentis. Cum his copiis, dixit, additis ad milites, qui ad Pylum erant, [intra viginti dies aut Lacedaemonios vivos addocturum, aut illic interfecturum.

[5] Tunc autem Atheniensibus inanis ejus oratio risum aliquo modo movit, jucunda tamen nihilominus res accidit viris prudentibus, considerantibus se alterum e duobus bonis adepturos, aut se a Cleone liberatum iri, id quod magis sperabant, aut, si opinione sua frustrati essent, illum Lacedaemonios in suam potestatem redacturum.

[1] Akanthier! Die Absicht Spartas bei Aussendung meines Heeres ist keine andere, als den Zweck unseres Krieges mit Athen, als welchen wir in der Kriegserklärung die Befreiung Griechenlands angekündigt, zur Wirklichkeit zu machen. An unserm späten Erscheinen aber ist die durch die bisherigen Feldzüge getäuschte Hoffnung schuld, euch den Kampf zu ersparen und in kurzer Zeit allein mit Athen fertig zu werden; und es kann uns dasselbe um so weniger zum Vorwurf gemacht werden, da wir jetzt die erste Gelegenheit ergreifen, hieher zu kommen und auch euch zur Theilnahme an dem Vernichtungskampfe einzuladen. Um so mehr befremdet es mich, aus dem Sperren der Thore auf eine unfreundliche Stimmung bei euch schliessen zu müssen. In dem guten Glauben, in euch längst, vor unserer Ankunft schon, entschiedene Bundesgenossen zu finden, denen wir nur willkommen sein würden, haben wir Lacedämonier die Gefahr nicht angesehen, die mit einem so weiten Marsch durch fremdes Gebiet verbunden war, und jedes mögliche Opfer gebracht, — und wie, ihr solltet ganz andere Gesinnungen hegen, solltet eurer eigenen und aller Griechen Befreiung euch widersetzen wollen? Denn nicht allein, dass ihr zu dem Feinde stehet, es müsste auch alle folgenden Städte zurückhaltend und besorgt machen, wenn gleich anfangs eine so ansehnliche und einflussreiche Stadt wie die eurige mich abwiese. Der Glaube an meine Sendung wäre dahin ¹ , man argwohnte nur Böses in der Freiheit, die ich bringe ² , oder sähe in meinem Heere einen zu schwachen und nichtssagenden Schutz gegen Athens drohende Rache. Zwar es war dasselbe Heer, mit dem ich vor Nisäa zog, wo die Athener trotz ihrer Uebermacht keinen Angriff wagten, und ein so zahlreiches Heer wie das nisäische würden sie ohnehin in keinem Fall gegen euch über's Meer schicken. ³

Ma Nicia mormorando il popolo contro Cleone perchè ei non fosse già in corso se ciò gli sembrava facile , ed insieme vedendosi punto da lui, lo confortava che prendesse pure quel rinforzo che più gli piacesse, e si accingesse ad andare contro le genti dell' isola. Cleone alla prima credeudo che ei facesse solo sembiante di cedergli si mostrava disposto ; poi visto che cederebbe in effetto si ricusava, e diceva non sè, ma lui essere il generale : imperocché era già venuto in paura, e non avrebbe mai potuto credere che Nicia avesse la fermezza di cedergli il posto. Questi glielo intimò di nuovo , e presi a testimonio gli Ateniesi rinunziò al comando di Pilo. Ed essi (al solito del popolo), quanto più Cleone si ricusava di imbarcare e ritirava le sue parole , tanto più imponevano a Nicia di rimettergli il comando ; e gridavano che s’ imbarcasse. Talché non sapendo egli come distrigarsi delle sue promesse , accetta la spedizione, e fattosi innanzi disse: che non temeva i Lacedemoni, e che si metterebbe in mare senza prendere alcuno di città , ma solamente i Lemnii e gl’Imbrii che si trovavano lì presenti, e i palvesari venuti in rinforzo da Eno , e quattrocento arcieri da altri luoghi. Protestò altresì che con queste forze aggiunte ai soldati che erano in Pilo, in venti giorni, o menerebbe vivi i Lacedemoni , o ve li truciderebbe. La sua leggerezza mosse un poco a riso il popolo ; ma fu gradita dalla gente assennata , considerando che uno di questi due beni ne otterrebbero , o di disfarsi di Cleone, come meglio speravano , o , se fallisse questa speranza , di sottomettersi » Lacedemoni.