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Multi in Oriente veneficiorum et aliorum criminum rei delati, damnatique, pars iure, pars inuria iugulantur.

[1] Per id omne tempus, Palladius ille, coagulum omnium aerumnarum, quem captum a Fortunatiano docuimus primum, ipsa sortis infimitate ad omnia praeceps, clades alias super alias cumulando, lacrimis universa perfuderat luctuosis.

[2] Nanctus enim copiam nominandi, sine fortunarum distantia, quos voluisset, ut artibus interdictis imbutos, ita ut ferarum occulta vestigia doctus observare venator, multos intra casses lugubres includebat, quosdam veneficiorum notitia pollutos, alios ut appetitoribus imminuendae conscios maiestatis.

[3] Et ne vel coniugibus maritorum vacaret miserias flere, immittebantur confestim qui signatis domibus inter scrutinia suppellectilis patris¹ addicti, incantamenta quaedam anilia vel ludibriosa subderent amatoria, ad insontium perniciem concinnata: quibus in iudicio recitatis,² ubi non lex non religio, non aequitas veritatem a mendaciis dirimebat, indefensi bonis ablatis, nullo contacti delicto, promiscue³ iuvenes aliique,⁴ membris omnibus capti, ad supplicia sellis gestatoriis ducebantur.

[4] Inde effectum⁵ est per orientales provincias, ut a dominis⁶ metu similium exurerentur⁷ libraria omnia: tantus universos invaserat terror. Namque ut pressius loquar, omnes ea tempestate velut in Cimmeriis tenebris reptabamus, paria convivis Siculi Dionysii pavitantes, qui cum epulis omni tristioribus fame saginarentur, ex summis domorum laqueariis, in quibus discumbebant, saetis nexos equinis, et occipitiis incumbentes, gladios perhorrebant.

[5] tunc Tune et Bassianus, praeclaro genere natus,⁸ notarius militans inter primos, quas praenoscere altiora conatus, licet ipse de qualitate partus uxoris consuluisse firmaret, ambitioso necessitudinum studio, quibus tegebatur, morte ereptus, patrimonio opimo exutus est.

[6] Inter fragores tot ruinarum Heliodorus, tartareus ille malorum omnium cum Palladio fabricator, mathematicus (ut memorat vulgus) colloquiis ex aula regia praepigneratus abstrusis, iam funebres aculeos exsertabat,⁹ omni humanitatis invitamento ad prodenda quae sciret vel fingeret, lacessitus.

[7] Nam et sollicitius cibo mundissimo fovebatur, et ad largiendum paelicibus, merebat aes collaticium grave, et incedebat passim ac late, os circumferens vultuosum, omnibusque formidatum,¹⁰ ea fiducia sublatior, quod ad lupanar, quo (sicut ipse voluit), liberius versabatur,¹¹ cubiculariis officiis praepositus, assidue propalam ventitabat, elogia parentis publici praeferens, futura pluribus luctuosa.

[8] Per quae¹² eum (ut forensium causarum patronum) quid in primis orationis partibus collocaret, ut proficere possit facilius et valere, quibusve figurarum commentis, splendida loca attemptare debeat praemonebat.

[9] Et quoniam longum est narrare omnia¹³ quae¹⁴ cruciarius ille conflavit, hoc unum edisseram, quam praecipiti confidentia patriciatus columina ipsa pulsavit. Qui ex clandestinis (ut dictum est) regiorum confabulationibus immaniter arrogans, et ipsa vilitate ad facinus omne venalis, egregium illud par consulum, Eusebium et Hypatium (germanos fratres) Constanti principis quondam affines, ad cupidinem altioris fortunae erectos et consuluisse et agitasse quaedam super imperio detulit, addens itineri ad mendacium ficte constructo, quod Eusebio etiam principalia indumenta parata sint.

[10] Quibus haustis aventer, fremebundus et minax, cui nihil licere debuerat, quia omnia sibi licere etiam iniusta existimabat, irremisse ab extremis regionum intervallis exhibitis omnibus, quos solutus legibus accusator perduci debere profunda securitate mandarat, suscipi quaestionem criminose praecepit.

[11] Cumque nodosis coartationibus aequitate diu calcata,¹⁵ et nexibili¹⁶ asseveratione perditi nebulonis durante, nullam confessionem exprimere tormenta gravia potuissent, ablegatosque ab omni huius modi conscientia ipsa viros ostenderent¹⁷ claros, calumniator quidem ita ut antea honorabiliter colebatur, illi vero exsilio et pecuniariis afflicti dispendiis, paulo postea reddita sibi multa, sunt revocati, dignitatibus integris et splendore.

[12] Nec tamen post haec tam paenitenda repressius actum est vel pudenter, non reputante alta nimium potestate, quod recte institutis ne cum inimicorum quidem incommodis in delicta convenit ruere voluntaria, nihilque sit tam deforme¹⁸ quam ad ardua imperii imperil supercilia etiam acerbitatem naturae adiungi.

[13] Sed Heliodoro (incertum morbo an quadam excogitata vi) mortuo (nolim dicere sero¹⁹ : utinam nec ipsa res loqueretur!) funus eius per vespillones elatum, pullati praecedere honorati complures, inter quos et fratres iussi sunt consulares.

[14] Ibi tune rectoris imperil caries tota stoliditatis apertius est profanata, qui cum abstinere inconsolabili malo rogaretur obnixe, inflexibilis mansit, ut videretur aures occlusisse ceris (quasi scopulos Sirenios transgressurus).

[15] Superatus tamen precibus destinatis, tandem nudatis capitibus, infaustam bustuarii libitinam ad usque sepulcrum incedentes et²⁰ pedibus, quosdam etiam complicatis articulis, praeire mandavit. Horret mens²¹ reminisci, quo iustitio humilitati tot rerum apices visebantur, et praecipue consulares, post scipiones et trabeas et fastorum monumenta mundana.

[16] Inter quos omnes ab adulescentia²² virtutum pulchritudine commendabilis, noster Hypatius praeminebat, vir quieti placidique consilii, honestatem lenium morum velut ad perpendiculum librans, qui et maiorum claritudini gloriae fuit, et ipse posteritatem mirandis actibus praefecturae geminae decoravit.

[17] Accesserat hoc quoque eodem tempore ad Valentis ceteras laudes, quod cum in aliis ita saeviret infeste, ut poenarum maiores²³ aegre ferret finiri cum morte dolores,²⁴ Numerium tribunum, malitia quendam exsuperantem, eisdem diebus convictum, confessumque quod exsecto vivae mulieris ventre, atque intempestivo partu extracto, infernis manibus excitis, de permutatione imperii consulere ausus est, familiaritatis contuitu, ordine omni mussante, abire iussit, inlaesum, salutem et invidendas opes et militiae statum integrum retenturum.

[18] O praeclara informatio doctrinarum, munere caelesti indulta felicibus, quae vel vitiosas naturas saepe excoluisti! Quanta in illa caligine temporum correxisses, si Valenti scire per te licuisset, nihil aliud esse imperium, ut sapientes definiunt, nisi curam salutis alienae, bonique esse moderatoris, restringere potestatem, resistere cupiditati omnium rerum, et implacabilibus iracundiis, nosseque (ut Caesar dictator aiebat) miserum esse instrumentum senectuti recordationem crudelitatis, ideoque de vita et spiritu hominis, qui pars mundi est et animantium numerum complet, laturum sententiam diu multumque oportere cunctari,²⁵ nec praecipiti studio, ubi irrevocabile factum est, agitari, ut exemplum est illud antiquitati admodum notum.

[19] Apud proconsulem Asiae Dolabellam Smyrnaea mulier subolem²⁶ propriam et maritum venenis necasse confessa, quod filium e matrimonio priore²⁷ susceptum occiderint,²⁸ et comperendinata cum consilium, ad quod res ex more delata est, anceps, quid inter ultionem et scelus statui debeat, haesitaret, ad Areopagitas missa est (Athenienses iudices tristiores), quorum aequitas deorum quoque iurgia dicitur distinxisse. Hi causa cognita centesimo post anno cum accusatore mulierem adesse iusserunt, ne aut absolverent veneficam, aut ultrix necessitudinum puniretur. Ita numquam tardum existimatur, quod est omnium ultimum.

[20] Post commissa iniquitatibus variis ante dicta, et impressas foede corporibus liberis, quae supervixerant, notas, inconivus²⁹ Iustitiae oculus, arbiter et vindex perpetuus rerum vigilavit attente. Namque caesorum ultimae dirae, perpetuum numen ratione querellarum iustissima commoventes, Bellonae accenderant faces, ut fides oraculi firmaretur, quod nihil impune praedixerat perpetrari.

[21] Dum haec quae supra digesta sunt Antiochiae Parthico fragore cessante, per intestinas dilatantur aerumnas, coetus furiarum horrificus, post convolutos³⁰ multiplices casus, ab eadem urbe digressus, cervicibus Asiae totius insedit hoc modo.

[22] Festinus quidam Tridentinus ultimi sanguinis et ignoti, in nexum germanitatis a Maximino dilectus, ut sodalis et contogatus, decernentibus fatis, ad orientem transgressus est, ibique administrata Syria magisterioque memoriae peracto, bona lenitudinis et reverentiae reliquit exempla, unde regere Asiam proconsulari potestate exorsus, velificatione tranquilla, ut aiunt, ferebatur ad gloriam.

[23] Audiens autem Maximinum optimo cuique exitialem, obtrectabat subinde actibus eius, ut perniciosis et foedis. Sed cum impie peremptorum exsequiis suffragantibus, ad praefecturam venisse hominem comperisset immeritum, exarsit ad agenda sperandaque similia, et histrionis ritu mutata repente persona, studio nocendi concepto, incedebat oculis intentis ac diris,³¹ praefecturam autumans affore prope diem, si ipse quoque se contaminasset insontium poenis.

[24] Et quamquam sint multa et varia, quae (ut levius interpretemur) egit asperrime: pauca tamen dici sufficiet, quae sunt nota ac pervulgata, ad aemulationem eorum commissa, quae facta sunt Romae. Ratio enim eadem est ubique³² recte secusve gestorum, etiam si magnitudo sit dissimilis rerum.

[25] Philosophum quendam Coeranium, haut exilis meriti virum, ea causa tormentorum immanitate invictum³³ occidit, quod ad coniugem suam familiariter scribens, id³⁴ sermone addiderat Graeco: σὺ δὲ νόει καὶ στέφε τὴν πύλην,³⁵ quod dici proverbialiter solet, ut audiens altius aliquid agendum agnoscat.

[26] Anum quandam simplicem intervallatis febribus mederi leni carmine consuetam, occidit ut noxiam, postquam filiam suam ipso conscio curavit adscita.

[27] In chartis cuiusdam municipis clari, scrutari ex negotio iussis, genitura Valentis cuiusdam inventa est, repellensque calumnias is cuius intererat, cum obiectaretur ei quam ob rem constellationem principis collegisset, fratrem suum fuisse Valentem, dudumque obisse, documentorum plena fide monstrare pollicitus, inexspectato veritatis indicio, laniatis lateribus,³⁶ trucidatus est.

[28] Visus adulescens in balneis admovere marmori manus utriusque digitos alternatim et pectori, septemque vocales litteras numerasse, ad stomachi remedium prodesse id arbitratus: in iudicium tractus, percussus est gladio post tormenta.

Res Gestae. Ammianus Marcellinus. John C. Rolfe (Translator). Cambridge, MA. 1935-1940.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by Tufts University.

Current edition Perseus

Res Gestae (Ammianus Marcellinus. Ammianus Marcellinus, with an English translation, Vols. I-III. Rolfe, John C., editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; W. Heinemann, 1935-1940 (printing).)

Translations (1)

History Perseus (Ammianus Marcellinus. Ammianus Marcellinus, with an English translation, Vols. I-III. Rolfe, John C., translator. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; W. Heinemann, 1935-1940 (printing).) — 29.2 focus

[1] During all this time, the notorious Palladius, the fomenter¹ of all these troubles, who, as we said at first,² was taken in custody by Fortunatianus, being by the very lowness of his condition ready to plunge into anything, by heaping disaster on disaster, had drenched the whole empire with grief and tears.

[2] For having gained leave to name all whom he desired, without distinction of fortune, as dabbling in forbidden practices, like a hunter skilled in observing the secret tracks of wild beasts, he entangled many persons in his lamentable nets, some of them on the ground of having stained themselves with the knowledge of magic, others as accomplices of those who were aiming at treason.

[3] And in order that even wives should have no time to weep over the misfortunes of their husbands, men were immediately sent to put the seal³ on the houses, and during the examination of the furniture of the householder who had been condemned, to introduce privily old-wives’ incantations or unbecoming love-potions, contrived for the ruin of innocent people. And when these were read in a court where there was no law or scruple or justice to distinguish truth from falsehood, without opportunity for defence young and old without discrimination were robbed of their goods and, although they were found stained by no fault, after being maimed in all their limbs were carried off in litters to execution.

[4] As a result, throughout the oriental provinces owners of books, through fear of a like fate, burned their entire libraries; so great was the terror that had seized upon all.⁴ Indeed, to speak briefly, at that time we all crept about as if in Cimmerian darkness,⁵ feeling the same fears as the guests of the Sicilian Dionysius, who, while filled to repletion with banquets more terrible than any possible hunger, saw with a shudder the swords hanging over their heads from the ceilings of the rooms in which they reclined and held only by single horsehairs.⁶

[5] At that time Bassianus also, one of a most illustrious family and serving as a secretary of the first class,⁷ was accused of trying to gain foreknowledge of higher power, although he himself declared that he had merely inquired about the sex of a child which his wife expected; but by the urgent efforts of the kinsfolk by whom he was defended, he was saved from death; but he was stripped of his rich patrimony.

[6] Amid the crash of so many ruins Heliodorus, that hellish contriver with Palladius of all evils, being a mathematician⁸ (in the parlance of the vulgar) and pledged by secret instructions from the imperial court, after he had been cajoled by every enticement of kindness to induce him to reveal what he knew or could invent, now put forth his deadly stings.

[7] For he was most solicitously pampered with the choicest foods, and earned a great amount of contributed money for presents to his concubines; and so he strode about anywhere and everywhere, displaying his grim face, which struck fear into all. And his assurance was the greater because, in his capacity as chamberlain, he constantly and openly visited the women’s apartments, to which, as he himself desired, he freely resorted, displaying the warrants⁹ of the Father of his People,¹⁰ which were to be a cause of grief to many.

[8] And through these warrants Heliodorus instructed Palladius (as though he were an advocate in public law-suits) what to put at the beginning of his speech, in order the more easily to make it effective and strong, or with which figures of rhetoric he ought to aim at brilliant passages.¹¹

[9] And since it would be a long story to tell all this gallows-bird¹² contrived, I will recount this one case, showing with what audacious confidence he smote the very pillars of the patriciate. For made enormously insolent by secret conferences with people of the court, as has been said, and through his very worthlessness easy to be hired to commit any and every crime, he accused that admirable pair of consuls, the two brothers Eusebius and Hypatius¹³ (connections by marriage of the late emperor Constantius) of having aspired to a desire for a higher fortune, and of having made inquiries and formed plans about the sovereignty; and he added to the path¹⁴ which he had falsely devised for his fabrication that royal robes had even been made ready for Eusebius.

[10] Eagerly drinking this in, the menacing madman,¹⁵ to whom nothing ought to have been permitted, since he thought that everything, even what was unjust, was allowed him,¹⁶ inexorably summoned from the farthest boundaries of the empire all those whom the accuser, exempt from the laws, with profound assurance had insisted ought to be brought before him, and ordered a calumnious trial to be set on foot.

[11] And when in much-knotted bonds of constriction justice had long been trodden down and tied tightly, and the wretched scoundrel persisted in his strings of assertions, severe tortures could force no confession, but showed that these distinguished men were far removed even from any knowledge of anything of the kind. Nevertheless, the calumniator was as highly honoured as before, while the accused were punished with exile and with fines; but shortly afterwards they were recalled, had their fines remitted, and were restored to their former rank and honour unimpaired.

[12] Yet after these so lamentable events Valens acted with no more restraint or shame; since excessive power does not reflect that it is unworthy for men of right principles, even to the disadvantage of their enemies, willingly to plunge into crime, and that nothing is so ugly as for a cruel nature to be joined to lofty pride of power.¹⁷

[13] But when Heliodorus died (whether naturally or through some deliberate violence¹⁸ is uncertain; I would rather not say too late: I only wish that even the facts did not speak to that effect!) his body was carried out by the undertakers, and many men of rank, clad in mourning, were ordered to precede it, including the brothers who had been consuls.¹⁹

[14] Thereby the entire rottenness of the folly of the empire’s ruler was then completely revealed; for although he was earnestly besought to refrain from this inexcusable insult,²⁰ yet he remained so inflexible that he seemed to have stopped his ears with wax,²¹ as if he were going to pass the rocks of the Sirens.

[15] At last, however, he yielded to insistent prayers, and ordered that some persons should precede the ill-omened bier of the body-snatcher²² to the tomb, marching with bare heads and feet,²³ some also with folded hands.²⁴ My mind shrinks from recalling, during that suspension of justice,²⁵ how many men of the highest rank, especially exconsuls, after having carried the staves of honour and worn purple robes, and having their names made known to all the world 10 in the Roman calendar, were seen exposed to humiliation.

[16] Conspicuous among all of these was our Hypatius, a man recommended from his youth by noble virtues, of quiet and calm discretion, and of a nobility and gentleness measured as it were by the plumb-line;²⁶ he conferred honour on the fame of his ancestors²⁷ and himself gave glory to posterity by the admirable acts of his two prefectures.²⁸

[17] At the time Valens added this also to the rest of his glories, that while in other instances he was so savagely cruel as to grieve that the great pain of his punishments could not continue after death,²⁹ yet he spared the tribune Numerius, a man of surpassing wickedness! This man was convicted at that same time on his own confession of having dared to cut open the womb of a living woman and take out her unripe offspring, in order to evoke the ghosts of the dead and consult them about a change of rulers; yet Valens, who looked on him with the eye of an intimate friend, in spite of the murmurs of the whole Senate gave orders that he should escape unpunished, and retain his life, his enviable wealth, and his military rank unimpaired.

[18] O noble system of wisdom, by heaven’s gift bestowed upon the fortunate, thou who hast often ennobled even sinful natures! How much wouldst thou have corrected in those dark days, if it had been permitted Valens to learn through you that royal power—as the philosophers declare—is nothing else than the care for others’ welfare;³⁰ that it is the duty of a good ruler to restrain his power, to resist unbounded desire and implacable anger, and to know—as the dictator Caesar used to say—that the recollection of cruelty is a wretched support³¹ for old age. And therefore, if he is going to pass judgment affecting the life and breath of a human being, who forms a part of the world and completes the number of living things, he ought to hesitate long and greatly and not be carried away by headlong passion to a point where what is done cannot be undone;³² of which we have a very well-known instance in olden times.

[19] A woman of Smyrna confessed before Dolabella,³³ the proconsul of Asia, that she had poisoned her husband and her own son by him, because (as she said) she had discovered that they had killed her son by a former marriage; but she was ordered to appear again two days later.³⁴ Since the council, to which according to custom the matter was referred, uncertain what distinction ought to be made between revenge and crime, hesitated to decide, she was sent before the Areopagites, those strict judges at Athens, whose justice is said to have decided disputes even among the gods.³⁵ They, after having considered the case, ordered the woman to appear before them with her accuser a hundred years later, since they did not wish either to acquit a poisoner or punish an avenger of her kindred; for that is never thought late which is the last of all things.

[20] After these various deeds of injustice which have already been mentioned, and the marks of torture shamefully branded upon the bodies of such free men as bad survived, the never-closing eye of Justice, the eternal witness and avenger of all things, was watchfully attentive. For the last curses of the murdered, moving the eternal godhead through the just ground of their complaints, had kindled the firebrands of Bellona; so that the truth of the oracle was confirmed, which had predicted that no crimes would go unpunished.

[21] While these events, which have just been³⁶ described, during the cessation of the Parthian storm were being spread abroad at Antioch in the form of internal troubles, the awful band of the Furies, after making a rolling flood of manifold disasters, left that city and settled on the shoulders of all Asia, in the following way.

[22] A certain Festinus of Tridentum, a man of the lowest and most obscure parentage, was admitted by Maximinus³⁷ even into the ties of affection which true brothers show, for he had been his boon companion and with him had assumed the manly gown. By decree of the fates this man passed over to the Orient, and there in the administration of Syria, and after serving as master of the rolls,³⁸ he left behind him praiseworthy examples of mildness and of respect for law; and when later he was advanced to the governorship of Asia with proconsular authority, he sailed to glory with a fair wind, as the saying is.

[23] But hearing that Maximinus planned to wipe out all decent men, from that time on he decried his actions as dangerous and shameful. But when he learned that Maximinus, merely through the recommendation of the deaths of those whom he had impiously slain, had attained the honour of prefect contrary to his deserts, he was aroused to similar deeds and hopes. Like an actor, suddenly changing his mask, he conceived the desire of doing harm and stalked about with intent and cruel eyes, imagining that the prefecture would soon be his if he also should have stained himself with the punishment of the innocent.

[24] And although many of the various acts which he committed were very harsh, to express it mildly, yet it will suffice to mention a few which are familiar and generally known, and done in emulation of those which had taken place in Rome. For the principle of good or bad deeds is the same everywhere, even if the greatness of the situation is not the same.³⁹

[25] He executed a philosopher called Coeranius, a man of no slight merit, after he had resisted tortures of savage cruelty, because in a letter to his wife of a personal nature he had added in Greek: But do you take note and crown the house door, which is a common proverbial expression, used in order that the hearer may know that something of greater importance than usual is to be done.

[26] There was a simple-minded old woman who was in the habit of curing intermittent fevers with a harmless charm. He caused her to be put to death as a criminal, after she had been called in with his own knowledge and had treated his daughter.

[27] Among the papers of a distinguished townsman, of which an examination had been ordered for some business reason, the horoscope of a certain Valens was found; when the person concerned was asked why he had cast the nativity of the emperor, he defended himself against the false charge by saying that he had had a brother named Valens, and that he had died long ago. He promised to show this by proofs of full credibility, but they did not wait for the truth to be discovered, and he was tortured and butchered.

[28] In the bath a young man was seen to touch alternately with the fingers of either hand first the marble⁴⁰ and then his breast, and to count the seven vowels,⁴¹ thinking it a helpful remedy for a stomach trouble. He was haled into court, tortured and beheaded.

Notes on the current edition

Res Gestae

1. patris, V, restored by Pet.; poenis, G.

2. recitatis, G; lectitatis, Pet.; excitatis, V.

3. promisce, sugg. by Clark; promiscue, EG; promissae, V.

4. aliique, V; inualidique, Corn.

5. effectum, Clark; factum, EAG; fectum, V.

6. ut a dominis, Her.; ut omnes, G; ad omnis, V.

7. exurerentur, V; exurerent, G.

8. praeclaro genere natus, Her.; procerum g. n., G; procero generates, V.

9. exertabat, Val.; excitabat, EAG; extabat, V.

10. formidatum, Her. (cf. xiv. 11, 23); formidatus, EAG; formidatis, V.

11. uersabatur, E 2, Val.; seruabatur, V.

12. per quae, Her.; periteque, Momm.; perque, V.

13. narrare omnia, added by Clark and Her. ( narrare, Novák); V omits without lac.

14. quae, Clark and Her.; quod, Gardt. que, V.

15. calcata, Her. (cf. xxi. 13, 13); iactata, G; laqueata, Corn.; iacta, V.

16. et nexibili, Lind.; et inflexibili, Corn.; et nixi uilia, V.

17. ostenderent, scripsi; ostenderet, V, ueritas ipsa o., G; res ipa o., Ernesti, Wagner.

18. deforme, added by Val. (cf. Cic., Ad Q. F. i. 1, 37), iniquum by G; V omits.

19. sero, added by Momm.; V omits.

20. et, added by Val.; V omits.

21. mens, Clark; animus, A, Bentley; nunc, V, def. Fletcher.

22. ab adolescentia, Novák; ab aduliscentiae rudimentis, Her. (cf. xxvii. 9, 8); aduliscentiae uirtutum, V.

23. moras ( maiores, Her.); aegre, G; maturius vim prae se, Brakman; maturis (lac. 7 letters) ferret, V.

24. dolores Numerium or Numenium, Her.; Pollentianum, G; dolens numen, V.

25. transposui, c.c.; cunctari oportere, V.

26. mulier subolem, Her. (cf. Gell. xii. 7, 1); materfamilias filium, G; dolabellamyrna (lac. 11 letters) propriam, V.

27. e matrimonio priore, Her.; ex alio matrimonio, Gardt.; eeo, V 1; arimonio (ri from li) el, V2

28. susceptum occiderint, added by Her.; ab eis occisum comperisset, G; V omits.

29. inconiuus, Eyssen.; inconniuens, AG; inconuiuus, V.

30. conuolutos, Pet. (cf. xiv. 11, 26); inconuolutos, V.

31. diris, Her.; rigidis, EAG; ridis, V.

32. ubique, Lind.; ubi, V.

33. inuictum, Her.; mulcatum. C. F. W. M.; multatum, Pet.; inmanitatem ultum, V.

34. id, NG, del. by Novák; ad, V.

35. πύλην, Casaubon, Haupt; τυλην, V.

36. lateribus, Kellerbauer; lacer, V, W 1AG, Pet.

Ammianus Marcellinus Res Gestae 29.2

John C. Rolfe (Translator)

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Multi in Oriente veneficiorum et aliorum criminum rei delati, damnatique, pars iure, pars inuria iugulantur.

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