Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 28.44

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[1]

" Sed quid ultro metum inferre hosti et ab se remoto periculo alium in discrimen adducere quale sit, veteribus externisque exemplis admonere opus est? maius praesentiusve ullum exemplum esse quam Hannibal potest? ¹

[2] multum interest alienos populari fines an tuos uri et exscindi videas; plus animi est inferenti periculum quam propulsanti.

[3] ad hoc maior ignotarum rerum est terror; bona malaque hostium ex propinquo ingressus fines aspicias.

[4] non speraverat Hannibal fore ut tot in Italia populi ² ad se deficerent, quot defecerunt ³ post Cannensem cladem: quanto ⁴ minus quicquam in Africa Carthaginiensibus firmum aut stabile sit, ⁵ infidis sociis, gravibus ac superbis dominis!

[5] ad hoc nos, etiam deserti ab sociis, viribus nostris, milite Romano stetimus; Carthaginiensi nihil civilis roboris est, mercede paratos milites habent, Afros Numidasque, levissima fidei mutandae ingenia.

[6] hic modo nihil morae sit, una et traiecisse me audietis et ardere bello Africam et molientem hinc Hannibalem ⁶ et obsideri Carthaginem. laetiores et frequentiores ex Africa exspectate nuntios quam ex Hispania accipiebatis.

[7] has mihi spes subicit fortuna populi Romani, di foederis ab hoste violati testes, Syphax et Masinissa reges, quorum ego fidei ita innitar ut bene tutus a perfidia sim.

[8] " multa quae nunc ex intervallo non apparent bellum aperiet. id⁷ est viri et ducis, non deesse fortunae praebenti se et oblata casu flectere ad consilium.

[9] habebo , Q. Fabi, parem quem das Hannibalem; sed illum ego potius traham quam ille me retineat. In sua terra cogam pugnare eum, et Carthago potius praemium victoriae erit quam semiruta Bruttiorum castella.

[10] ne quid interim, dum traicio, dum expono exercitum in Africa, dum castra ad Carthaginem promoveo, res publica hic detrimenti capiat, quod tu, Q. Fabi, cum victor tota volitaret Italia Hannibal,

[11] potuisti praestare, hoc vide ⁸ ne contumeliosum sit concusso iam et paene fracto Hannibale negare posse P. Licinium consulem, virum fortissimum, praestare, qui, ne a sacris absit pontifex maximus, ideo in sortem tam longinquae provinciae non venit. ⁹

[12] si hercules nihilo maturius hoc quo ego censeo modo perficeretur bellum, tamen ad dignitatem dignitatemr populi Romani famamque apud reges gentesque externas pertinebat, non ad defendendam modo Italiam, sed ad inferenda etiam Africae arma videri nobis animum esse,

[13] nec hoc credi volgarique, quod Hannibal ausus sit neminem ducem Romanum audere, et priore Punico bello tum, cum de Sicilia certaretur, totiens Africam ab ¹⁰ nostris exercitibusque ¹¹ et classibus oppugnatam, nunc, cum de Italia certetur, Africam pacatam esse.

[14] requiescat aliquando vexata tam diu Italia; uratur evasteturque in vicem Africa.

[15] Castra Romana potius Carthaginis portis immineant quam nos iterum vallum hostium ex moenibus nostris videamus. Africa sit reliqui belli sedes; illuc terror fugaque, populatio agrorum, defectio sociorum, ceterae belli clades, quae in nos per quattuordecim annos ingruerunt, vertantur.

[16] quae ad rem publicam pertinent et bellum quod instat et provincias de quibus agitur dixisse satis est; illa longa oratio nec ad vos pertinens sit,

[17] si, quemadmodum Q. Fabius meas res gestas in Hispania elevavit, sic ego ¹² contra gloriam eius eludere et meam ¹³ verbis extollere velim.

[18] neutrum faciam, patres conscripti, et, si nulla alia re, modestia certe et temperando linguae adulescens senem vicero. ita et vixi et gessi res ut tacitus ea opinione quam vestra sponte conceptam animis haberetis facile contentus essem."

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

Ab urbe condita (Latin) (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).)

Editions (2)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 28.44 focus

[1] sed quid ultro metum inferre hosti et ab se remoto periculo alium in discrimen adducere quale sit, veteribus externisque exemplis admonere opus est? maius praesentiusve ullum exemplum esse quam Hannibal potest?

[2] multum interest, alienos populari fines an tuos uri et excindi uideas; videas; plus animi est inferenti periculum quam propulsanti; ad hoc maior ignotarum rerum est terror;

[3] bona malaque hostium ex propinquo ingressus fines aspicias.

[4] non speraverat Hannibal fore, ut tot in Italia populi ad se deficerent, quot defecerunt post Cannensem cladem; quanto minus quicquam in Africa Carthaginiensibus firmum aut stabile sit, infidis sociis, gravibus ac superbis dominis! dominis.

[6] hic modo nihil morae sit: una et traiecisse me audietis et ardere bello Africam et et molientem hinc Hannibalem Hannibalem et obsideri Carthaginem. laetiores et frequentiores ex Africa expectate nuntios quam ex Hispania accipiebatis.

[7] has mihi spes subicit fortuna populi Romani, di foederis ab hoste violati testes, Syphax et Masinissa reges, quorum ego fidei ita innitar, ut bene tutus a perfidia sim.

[8] multa, quae nunc ex intervallo non apparent, bellum aperiet. et id est viri et ducis, non deesse fortunae praebenti se et oblata casu flectere ad consilium.

[9] habebo, Q. Fabi, parem, quem das, Hannibalem; sed illum ego potius traham, quam ille me retineat; in sua terra cogam pugnare eum, et Carthago potius praemium victoriae erit quam semiruta Bruttiorum castella.

[10] ne quid interim, dum traicio, dum expono exercitum in Africa, dum castra ad Carthaginem promoveo, res publica hic detrimenti capiat, quod tu, Q. Fabi, cum victor tota volitaret Italia Hannibal,

[11] potuisti praestare, hoc vide ne contumeliosum sit concusso iam et paene fracto Hannibale negare posse P. Licinium consulem, virum fortissimum, praestare, qui, ne a sacris absit pontifex maximus, ideo in sortem tam longinquae provinciae non venit.

[12] si hercules nihilo maturius hoc, quo ego censeo, modo perficeretur bellum, tamen ad dignitatem populi Romani famamque apud reges gentesque externas pertinebat, non ad defendendam modo Italiam, sed ad inferenda etiam Africae arma videri nobis animum esse,

[13] nec hoc credi vulgarique, quod Hannibal ausus sit, neminem ducem Romanum audere, et priore Punico bello tum, cum de Sicilia certaretur, totiens Africam ab nostris exercitibusque et classibus oppugnatam, nunc, cum de Italia certetur, Africam pacatam esse.

[14] requiescat aliquando vexata tam diu Italia, uratur evasteturque in vicem Africa;

[15] castra Romana potius Carthaginis portis immineant, quam nos iterum vallum hostium ex moenibus nostris videamus; Africa sit reliqui belli sedes, illuc terror fugaque, populatio agrorum, defectio sociorum, ceterae belli clades, quae in nos per quattuordecim annos ingruerunt, vertantur.

[16] quae ad rem publicam pertinent et bellum, quod instat, et provincias, de quibus agitur, dixisse satis est;

[17] illa longa oratio nec ad vos pertinens sit, si, quem ad modum Q. Fabius meas res gestas in Hispania elevavit, sic ego contra gloriam eius eludere et meam verbis extollere velim.

[18] neutrum faciam, patres conscripti, et, si nulla alia re, modestia certe et temperando linguae adulescens senem vicero. ita et vixi et gessi res, ut tacitus ea opinione, quam vestra sponte conceptam animis haberetis, facile contentus essem.”

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Conway, Robert Seymour; Walters, Charles Flamstead; Johnson, Stephen Keymer, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1914-1935. (Oxford Classical Texts)) — 28.44 focus

[1]

'sed quid, ultro metum inferre hosti et ab se remoto periculo alium in discrimen adducere quale sit, ueteribus externisque exemplis admonere opus est?

[2] maius praesentiusue ullum exemplum esse quam Hannibal potest? multum interest alienos populere fines an tuos uri exscindi uideas; plus animi est inferenti periculum quam propulsanti.

[3] ad hoc maior ignotarum rerum est terror: bona malaque hostium ex propinquo ingressus fines adspicias.

[4] non sperauerat Hannibal fore ut tot in Italia populi ad se deficerent: defecerunt post Cannensem cladem: quanto minus quicquam in Africa Carthaginiensibus firmum aut stabile est infidis sociis, grauibus ac superbis dominis.

[5] ad hoc nos, etiam deserti ab sociis, uiribus nostris milite Romano stetimus: Carthaginiensi nihil ciuilis roboris est: mercede paratos milites habent, Afros Numidasque, leuissima fidei mutandae ingenia.

[6] hic modo nihil morae sit, una et traiecisse me audietis et ardere bello Africam et molientem hinc Hannibalem et obsideri Carthaginem. laetiores et frequentiores ex Africa exspectate nuntios quam ex Hispania accipiebatis.

[7] has mihi spes subicit fortuna populi Romani, di foederis ab hoste uiolati testes, Syphax et Masinissa reges quorum ego fidei ita innitar ut bene tutus a perfidia sim. 'multa quae nunc ex interuallo non apparent bellum aperiet:

[8] id est uiri et ducis, non deesse fortunae praebenti se et oblata casu flectere ad consilium.

[9] habebo, Q. Fabi , parem quem das Hannibalem; sed illum ego potius traham quam ille me retineat. in sua terra cogam pugnare eum, et Carthago potius praemium uictoriae erit quam semiruta Bruttiorum castella.

[10] ne quid interim dum traicio, dum expono exercitum in Africa, dum castra ad Carthaginem promoueo, res publica hic detrimenti capiat, quod tu, Q. Fabi , cum uictor tota uolitaret Italia Hannibal potuisti praestare,

[11] hoc uide ne contumeliosum sit concusso iam et paene fracto Hannibale negare posse P. Licinium consulem, uirum fortissimum, praestare, qui ne a sacris absit pontifex maximus ideo in sortem tam longinquae prouinciae non uenit.

[12] si hercules nihilo maturius hoc quo ego censeo modo perficeretur bellum, tamen ad dignitatem populi Romani famamque apud reges gentesque externas pertinebat, non ad defendendam modo Italiam sed ad inferenda etiam Africae arma uideri nobis animum esse, nec hoc credi uolgarique quod Hannibal ausus sit neminem ducem Romanum audere,

[13] et priore Punico bello tum cum de Sicilia certaretur totiens Africam ab nostris exercitibusque et classibus oppugnatam, nunc cum de Italia certetur Africam pacatam esse.

[14] requiescat aliquando uexata tam diu Italia: uratur euasteturque in uicem Africa.

[15] castra Romana potius Carthaginis portis immineant quam nos iterum uallum hostium ex moenibus nostris uideamus. Africa sit reliqui belli sedes; illuc terror fugaque, populatio agrorum, defectio sociorum, ceterae belli clades, quae in nos per quattuordecim annos ingruerunt, uertantur.

[16] 'quae ad rem publicam pertinent et bellum quod instat et prouincias de quibus agitur dixisse satis est:

[17] illa longa oratio nec ad uos pertinens sit, si quemadmodum Q. Fabius meas res gestas in Hispania eleuauit sic ego contra gloriam eius eludere et meam uerbis extollere uelim.

[18] neutrum faciam, patres conscripti, et si nulla alia re, modestia certe et temperando linguae adulescens senem uicero. ita et uixi et gessi res ut tacitus ea opinione quam uestra sponte conceptam animis haberetis facile contentus essem.'

Translations (3)

History of Rome Perseus (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library)) — 28.44 focus

[1]

"But what is the need of calling to mind by old and foreign examples what it means to make fear an offensive weapon against the enemy, and removing danger from yourself to bring another into peril?

[2] Can there be any greater and more effective example than Hannibal? A great difference it makes whether you are seeing the land of others ravaged or your own being burned over and devastated.

[3] More spirit has an aggressor than a defender. Besides there is greater dread of things unknown; on entering the territory of the enemy you have a near view of their advantages and disadvantages.

[4] Hannibal had not hoped that so many states in Italy would come over to his side as did so after the disaster at Cannae. How much less is anything in ¹ Africa to be strong and steadfast for the Carthaginians, faithless as allies, oppressive and arrogant as masters!

[5] Furthermore, even when deserted by our allies, we kept our footing by our own forces, our Roman soldiers. The Carthaginians have no forces of their own citizens. They have mercenaries, Africans and Numidians, very inconstant by nature and ready to change their allegiance.

[6] If only there is no delay here, at the same moment you will hear that I have crossed and that Africa is ablaze with war, and Hannibal casting off from here, and Carthage blockaded. Look for more cheering news from Africa and more frequent than you used to receive from Spain.

[7] Inspiring these hopes in me are the fortune of the Roman people, the gods who witnessed the treaty violated by the enemy, the kings, Syphax and Masinissa, on whose honour I shall rely —but so as to be well protected against treachery.

"Many things which, owing to distance, are not now evident the war will reveal.

[8] It is the part of a man and a general not to prove wanting when fortune presents herself, and to fit what is offered by chance into his plan.

[9] I shall have Hannibal as the antagonist you assign me, Quintus Fabius; but I shall draw him after me, not let him hold me back. In his own land will I compel him to fight, and Carthage is to be the reward of victory, not the half-ruined strongholds of the Bruttians.

[10] Meantime, while I am crossing over, while landing my army in Africa, while moving my camp up to Carthage, let the republic suffer no harm here. That service you, Quintus Fabius, were able to guarantee while everywhere in Italy the victorious Hannibal flitted about.

[11] Would it not be insulting, ² with Hannibal now shaken and almost broken, to claim that Publius Licinius, the consul —a very brave man who took no part in the allotment of so distant a province, solely that as pontifex maximus he might not be absent from religious ceremonies —cannot do the same?

[12] If in truth the war were not completed any more promptly by the method which I propose, it would nevertheless conduce to the dignity of the Roman people and its reputation among kings and foreign nations to let it be seen that we have the spirit not only to defend Italy but also to invade Africa.

[13] Likewise not to have it believed and published abroad that what Hannibal has dared no Roman general dares, and that in the former Punic war, at a time when the stake was Sicily, Africa was attacked so many times by our armies and fleets, but that now, when Italy is the stake, Africa is at peace.

[14] Let Italy, so long harried, at length have rest; let Africa in turn be burned over and laid waste.

[15] Let Roman camps threaten the gates of Carthage; better so than that we should see the enemy's earthworks from our walls for the second time. Let Africa be the theatre of the remainder of the war. In that direction may terror and flight be diverted, the devastation also of farms, the desertion of allies, and the other calamities of war which for fourteen years have assailed us.

[16]

It is enough to have spoken of matters concerning the state and the war now in progress and the provinces which are in question.

[17]

A long speech it would be and one of no concern to you senators if, after the manner in which Quintus Fabius has disparaged my achievements in Spain, I on my part should be minded to scoff at his fame and to enlarge upon my ³ own.

[18]

I will do neither, conscript fathers, and if in no other respect, in modesty at least and in control of my tongue I, who am young, will outstrip the older man. Such have been my life and achievements that, although silent, I am quite content with the opinion which of your own accord you have formed and retain.

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 28.44 focus

[1]

But what need is there of ancient and foreign examples to remind us what sort of thing it is boldly to carry terror against an enemy, and, removing the danger from oneself, to bring another into peril?

[2]

Can there be a stronger instance than Hannibal himself, or one more to the point? It makes a great difference whether you devastate the territories of another, or see your own destroyed by fire and sword.

[3]

He who brings danger upon another has more spirit than he who repels it. Add to this, that the terror excited by unknown circumstances is increased on that account.

[4]

When you have entered the territory of an enemy, you may have a near view of his advantages and disadvantages. Hannibal did not expect that it would come to pass that so many of the states in Italy would come over to him as did so after the defeat at Cannae.

[5]

How much less would any firmness or constancy be experienced in Africa by the Carthaginians, who are themselves faithless allies, oppressive and haughty masters! Besides, we, even when deserted by our allies, stood firm in our own strength, the Roman soldiery. The Carthaginians possess no native strength. The soldiers they have are obtained by hire; —Africans and Numidians —people remarkable above all others for the inconstancy of their attachments.

[6]

Provided no impediment arises here, you will hear at once that I have landed, and that Africa is blazing with war; that Hannibal is preparing for his departure from this country, and that Carthage is besieged.

[7]

Expect more frequent and more joyful despatches from Africa than you received from Spain. The considerations on which I ground my anticipations are the good fortune of the Roman people, the gods, the witnesses of the treaty violated by the enemy, the kings Syphax and Masinissa; on whose fidelity I will rely in such a manner as that I may be secure from danger should they prove perfidious.

[8]

Many things which are not now apparent, at this distance, the war will develope; and it is the part of a man, and a general, not to be wanting when fortune presents itself, and to bend its events to his designs.

[9]

I shall, Quintus Fabius, have the opponent you assign me, Hannibal; but I shall rather draw him after me than be kept here by him. I will compel him to fight in his own country, and Carthage shall be the prize of victory rather than the half-ruined forts of the Bruttians.

[10]

With regard to providing that the state sustain no injury in the mean time, while I am crossing over, while I am landing my troops in Africa, while I am advancing my camp to the walls of Carthage;

[11]

be not too sure that it is not an insult to Publius Licinius, the consul, a man of consummate valour, who did not draw lots for so distant a province merely that, as he was chief pontiff, he might not be absent from religious affairs, to say that he is unable to do that, now that the power of Hannibal is shaken, and in a manner shattered, which you, Quintus Fabius, were able to effect when he was flying victorious throughout all Italy.

[12]

By Hercules, even if the war would not be more speedily terminated by adopting the plan I propose, yet it were consistent with the dignity of the Roman people, and the high character they enjoy with foreign kings and nations, to appear to have had spirit not only to defend Italy, but also to carry hostilities into Africa; and that it should not be supposed and spread abroad that no Roman general dared what Hannibal had dared;

[13]

that in the former Punic war, when the contest was about Sicily, Africa should have been so often attacked by our fleets and armies, and that now, when the contest is about Italy, Africa should be left undisturbed.

[14]

Let Italy, which has so long been harassed, at length enjoy some repose; let Africa, in her turn, be fired and devastated.

[15]

Let the Roman camp overhang the gates of Carthage rather than that we should again behold the rampart of the enemy from our walls. Let Africa be the seat of the remainder of the war. Let terror and flight, the devastation of lands, the defection of allies, and all the other calamities of war which have fallen upon us, through a period of fourteen years, be turned upon her.

[16]

It is sufficient for me to have spoken on those matters which relate to the state, the war before us, and the provinces which form the subject of deliberation.

[17]

My discourse would be tedious and uninteresting to you if, as Fabius has depreciated my services in Spain, I should also in like manner endeavour, on the other hand, to turn his glory into ridicule, and make the most of my own.

[18]

I will do neither, conscript fathers; and if in nothing else, though a young man, I shall certainly have shown my superiority over this old man, in modesty and the government of my tongue. Such has been my life, and such the services I have performed, that I can gladly rest contented in silence with that opinion which you have spontaneously conceived of me.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 28.44 focus

[1]

"Put what need is there of instances drawn from other lands and other times to remind us how much depends upon taking the aggressive and removing danger from ourselves by making it recoil upon others? It makes all the difference in the world whether you are devastating the territory of another nation or seeing your own destroyed by fire and sword. It shows more courage to attack than to repel attacks. Then again, the unknown always inspires terror, but when you have entered your enemy's country you have a nearer view of his strength and weakness.

[2] Hannibal never hoped that so many communities would go over to him after Cannae; how much less could the Carthaginians, faithless allies, harsh and tyrannical masters as they are, count upon the firmness and stability of their African empire! So far, even when deserted by our allies, we stood in our own strength, the soldiery of Rome. The Carthaginians have no citizen army, their soldiers are all mercenaries, ready to change sides on the smallest provocation. If only nothing stops me, you will hear that I have landed, that Africa is wrapped in the flames of war, that Hannibal is tearing himself away from Italy, that Carthage is besieged-all at one stroke.

[3] You may look for more cheerful and more frequent news from Africa than you received from Spain. Everything inspires me with hope-the Fortune which waits on Rome, the gods who witnessed the treaty which the enemy has broken, the two princes Syphax and Masinissa, whose fidelity I shall so far trust as to protect myself from any perfidy they may attempt.

[4] Many advantages which at this distance are not apparent will be disclosed as the war goes on. A man proves his capacity for leadership by seizing every opportunity that presents itself, and making every contingency subserve his plans. I shall have the adversary whom you, Q. Fabius assign to me-Hannibal-but I would rather draw him away than that he should keep me here; I would compel him to fight in his own country, and Carthage shall be the prize of victory rather than the half-ruined strongholds of Bruttium.

[5] "And now as to any injury that may befall the republic during my voyage or whilst I am disembarking my men on the shores of Africa or during my advance on Carthage. As the consul, P. Licinius, is also Pontifex Maximus, and cannot be absent from his sacred duties, it is impossible for him to ballot for so distant a province. Would it not be almost an insult to say that he cannot accomplish the task, after Hannibal's power has been shaken and almost shattered, which you, Q. Fabius, were able to accomplish when Hannibal in the hour of victory was flying about in every part of Italy?

[6] And even if the war should not be brought to a more speedy termination by the plan which I suggest, the dignity of Rome and her prestige amongst foreign kings and nations would surely require us to show that we possess sufficient courage not only to defend Italy but to carry our arms even as far as Africa.

[7] We must not let the idea get abroad that no Roman general durst do what Hannibal has done, or that whilst in the First Punic War, when the struggle was for Sicily, Africa was frequently attacked by our fleets and armies, in this war, when the struggle is for Italy, Africa is left in peace.

[8] Let Italy, which has been so long harassed, have some rest at last; let Africa take its turn of fire and ruin; let a Roman camp threaten the gates of Carthage rather than that we should see the enemy's lines from our walls. Let Africa be the seat of war henceforth; let us roll back there all the terror and the flight, all the wasting of our lands and the defection of our allies, all the other miseries of war which have been assailing us for the last fourteen years.

[9] Enough has been said as to the republic and the present war and the allocation of provinces. It would be a long and uninteresting discussion if I were to follow the example of Q. Fabius, and as he has depreciated my services in Spain, so I were to pour ridicule on his glory and extol my own. I will do neither the one nor the other, senators, and if, young as I am, I cannot have the advantage over an old man in anything else, I will at least prove his superior in moderation and restraint of language.

[10] My life and my conduct of affairs have been such that I am quite content to accept in silence the judgment which you have spontaneously formed."

Notes on the current edition

Ab urbe condita

1. Maius .. . potest A3 N3 JK Weissenborn, Luchs: om. P (1) n Madvig.

2. populi Sp ?A3 N3 JK Eds. ( after deficerent Riemann ): om. P (1) N.

3. quot defecerunt k Aldus, Eds.: defecerunt Sp ?A3 j Froben 2, Conway ( after deficerent with a colon ). most MSS. have the verb but once, e.g. -ficerent P (3) M 2 N, for which -fecerunt P 1 or P 2 (-fic-) R 2 MB.

4. A.U.C. 549

5. sit P (1) NJ ( altern. ) Aldus , Eds.: est JK Froben 2, Conway .

6. et molientem hino Hannibalem P (1) NJK Aldus: doubted by Luchs 1889 and bracketed by M.MUller; variously altered; defended by Johnson, Conway.

7. Id P (1) N: et id A3 NJK Aldus, Froben.

8. A.U.C. 549

9. venit P (1) NJK Aldus; veniat Sp ? Froben 2.

10. ab P (3):a AN Aldus: om. Sp ?JK Froben 2,

11. -que om. Sp ?ANJK Aldus, Froben.

12. ego P (1) N: et ego JK Aldus, Froben.

13. A.U.C. 549

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 28.44

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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