Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 41.28

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[1] At about the end of the year there was a day of thanksgiving on account of the successes in Spain under the leadership and auspices of Appius Claudius the proconsul, and twenty full-grown victims were sacrificed.

[2] There was also a second day of prayer at the temples of Ceres, Liber and Libera, because from Sabine territory there came the news of a severe earthquake causing many buildings to collapse. When Appius Claudius had returned from¹ Spain to Rome, the senate decreed that he should enter the city in ovation.

[3] The consular election was now at hand; when this was held with great contention because of the large number of candidates, Lucius Postumius Albinus and Marcus Popilius Laenas were chosen.

[4] Next the praetors were elected, Numerius Fabius Buteo, Gaius Matienus, Gaius Cicereius, Marcus Furius Crassipes, Aulus Atilius Serranus, Gaius Cluvius Saxula (the last three each

[5] for the second time).² When the elections were over and Appius Claudius Cento entered the City in ovation over the Celtiberians, he deposited in the treasury ten thousand pounds of silver and five thousand of gold. Gnaeus Cornelius was inaugurated as flamen Dialis.

[6] In the same year a tablet was set up in the temple of Mater Matuta with this inscription:

Under the command and auspices of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the legion and army of the Roman people conquered Sardinia.

[7]

In this province more than eighty thousand of the enemy were slain or captured.³

[8]

The state having been most successfully administered and the allies set free, the revenues restored, he brought back home the army safe and secure and enriched with booty; for the second time he entered the city of Rome in triumph. In commemoration of this event he set up this tablet to Jupiter.

It had the form of the island of Sardinia, and on it representations of battles were painted.

[9] Many gladiatorial games were given that year, some of them unimportant; one was noteworthy beyond the rest, that of Titus Flamininus, which⁴ he gave to commemorate the death of his father,⁵ lasted four days, and was accompanied by a public distribution of meats, a banquet and scenic performances.

[10] The climax of a show which was big for that time was that in three days seventy-four gladiators

[11] fought.⁶

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 41.28 focus

[1] exitu prope anni diem unum supplicatio fuit ob res prospere gestas in Hispania ductu auspicioque Ap. Claudi proconsulis; et maioribus hostiis viginti sacrificatum.

[2] et alterum diem supplicatio ad Cereris, Liberi Liberaeque fuit, quod ex Sabinis terrae motus ingens cum multis aedificiorum ruinis nuntiatus erat.

[3] cum Ap. Claudius ex Hispania Romam redisset, decrevit senatus, ut ovans urbem iniret.

[4] iam consularia comitia adpetebant; quibus magna contentione habitis propter multitudinem petentium creati L. Postumius Albinus et M. Popilius Laenas.

[5] praetores inde facti N. Fabius Buteo C. Matienus C. Cicereius M. Furius Crassupes iterum A. Atilius Serranus iterum C. Cluvius Saxula iterum.

[6] comitiis perfectis Ap. Claudius Cento ex Celtiberis ovans cum in urbem iniret, decem milia pondo argenti, quinque milia auri in aerarium tulit.

[7] flamen Dialis inauguratus est Cn. Cornelius.

[8] eodem anno tabula in aede matris Matutae cum indice hoc posita est: “Ti. Semproni Gracchi consulis imperio auspicioque legio exercitusque populi Romani Sardiniam subegit. in ea provincia hostium caesa aut capta supra octoginta milia.

[9] re publica felicissume gesta atque liberatis sociis, vectigalibus restitutis, exercitum salvom atque incolumem plenissimum praeda domum reportavit; iterum triumphans in urbem Romam redit.

[10] cuius rei ergo hanc tabulam donum Iovi dedit.” Sardiniae insulae forma erat, atque in ea simulacra pugnarum picta.

[11] munera gladiatorum eo anno aliquot, parva alia, data; unum ante cetera insigne fuit T. Flaminini, quod mortis causa patris sui cum visceratione epuloque et ludis scaenicis quadriduum dedit. magni tum muneris ea summa fuit, ut per triduum quattuor et septuaginta homines pugnarint.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.23 focus

[1]

Rex cum non ¹ minore vexatione iumentorum hominumque quam venerat in Macedoniam rediit; Appium tamen ab obsidione Phanotes fama ducentis ad Stratum Persei summovit.

[2] Cleuas cum praesidio impigrorum iuvenum insecutus sub radicibus prope inviis montium ² ad mille hominum ex agmine impedito occidit, ad ducentos cepit.

[3] Appius superatis angustiis in campo quem Meleona vocant stativa dierum paucorum habuit. interim Cleuas assumpto Philostrato, qui quingentos ex ³ Epirotarum gente habebat, in agrum Antigonensem transcendit. ⁴ Macedones ad depopulationem profecti;

[4] Philostratus⁵ cum cohorte sua in insidiis loco ⁶ obscuro consedit. in palatos populatores cum erupissent ab Antigonea armati, ⁷ fugientes eos persequentes effusius in vallem insessam ab hostibus praecipitant.

[5] ibi ad mille ⁸ occisis, centum ferme captis, et ubique prospere gesta re prope stativa Appi castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit.

[6] Appius nequiquam in his locis terens tempus, dimissis Chaonum Thesprotorumque ⁹ et si qui alii Epirotae erant praesidiis, cum Italicis militibus in Illyricum regressus, per Parthinorum ¹⁰ socias urbes in hiberna militibus divisis, ¹¹ ipse Romam sacrificii causa redit.

[7] Perseus ex Penestarum gente mille pedites, ducentos equites revocatos Cassandream, praesidio ut essent, misit.

[8] Ab Gentio eadem adferentes redierunt. nec deinde alios atque alios mittendo temptare eum destitit, cum appareret, quantum in eo praesidii esset, nec tamen impetrare ab animo posset, ut impensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti faceret.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 41.28 focus

[1]

exitu prope anni diem unum supplicatio fuit ob res prospere gestas in Hispania ductu auspicioque Appi Claudi proconsulis;

[2] et maioribus hostiis viginti sacrificatum. et alterum diem supplicatio ad Cereris, Liberi Liberaeque fuit, quod ex Sabinis terrae motus ingens cum multis aedificiorum ruinis nuntiatus erat.

[3] cum Ap. Claudius ex Hispania Romam redisset, decrevit senatus, ut ovans urbem iniret.

[4] iam consularia comitia adpetebant; quibus magna contentione habitis propter multitudinem petentium creati L. Postumius Albinus et M. Popilius Laenas .

[5] praetores inde facti N. Fabius Buteo M. Matienus C. Cicereius M. Furius Crassipes iterum A. Atilius Serranus iterum C. Cluvius Saxula iterum.

[6] comitiis perfectis Ap. Claudius Centho ex Celtiberis ovans cum ¹ in urbem iniret, decem milia pondo argenti, quinque milia auri in aerarium tulit.

[7] flamen Dialis inauguratus est Cn. Cornelius .

[8] eodem anno tabula in aede matris Matutae cum indice hoc posita est: “ Ti. Semproni Gracchi consulis imperio auspicioque legio exercitusque populi Romani Sardiniam subegit. in ea provincia hostium caesa aut capta supra octoginta milia.

[9] re publica felicissume gesta atque sociis liberatis, vectigalibus restitutis, exercitum salvom atque incolumem plenissimum praeda domum reportavit; iterum triumphans in urbem Romam rediit. cuius rei ergo hanc tabulam donum Iovi dedit.

[10] ” Sardiniae insulae forma erat, atque in ea simulacra pugnarum picta.

munera gladiatorum eo anno aliquot, parva alia data; unum ante cetera insigne fuit T. Flaminini ,

[11] quod mortis causa patris ² sui cum visceratione epuloque et ludis scaenicis quadriduum dedit. magni tamen muneris ea summa fuit, ut per triduum quattuor et septuaginta homines pugnarint.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 41.28 focus

[1]

At the close of the year, there was a thanksgiving, for one day, on account of the advantages obtained in Spain under the conduct and auspices of Appius Claudius, the proconsul; and they sacrificed twenty victims, of the larger kinds. There was also a supplication, for another day, at the temples of Ceres, Liber, and Liberia, because a violent earthquake with the destruction of many houses was announced from the Sabines. When Appius Claudius came home from Spain, the senate voted that he should enter the city in ovation.

[2] The election of consuls now came on: when they were held, after a violent struggle in consequence of the great number of candidates, Lucius Postumius Albinus and Marcus Popilius Laenas were elected consuls. Then Numerius Fabius Buteo, Marcus Matienus, Caius Cicereius, Marcus Furius Crassipes, a second time, Marcus Atilius Serranus, a second time, and Caius Cluvius Saxula, a second time, were chosen praetors.

[3] After the elections were finished, Appius Claudius Centho, entering the city in ovation over the Celtiberians, conveyed to the treasury ten thousand pounds' weight of silver, and five thousand of gold. Cneius Cornelius was inaugurated flamen of Jupiter. In the same year a tablet was hung up in the temple of mother Matuta, with this inscription: —UNDER

[4] THE COMMAND AND AUSPICES OF TIBERIUS SEMPRONIUS GRAC- CHUS, CONSUL, A LEGION AND ARMY OF THE ROMAN PEOPLE SUBDUED SARDINIA; IN WHICH PROVINCE ABOVE EIGHTY THOUSAND OF THE ENEMY WERE KILLED OR TAKEN. HAVING EXECUTED THE BUSINESS OF THE PUBLIC WITH THE HAPPIEST SUCCESS; HAVING RECOVERED THE REVENUES, AND RESTORED THEM to the commonwealth, —HE BROUGHT HOME THE ARMY SAFE, UNINJURED, AND ENRICHED WITH SPOIL, AND, A SECOND TIME, ENTERED THE CITY OF ROME IN TRIUMPH. IN COMME- MORATION OF WHICH EVENT HE PRESENTED THIS TABLET AS AN OFFERING TO JUPITER. A map of the island of Sardinia was engraved on the tablet, and pictures of the battles fought there were delineated on it.

[5] Several small exhibitions of gladiators were given to the public this year; the only one particularly remarkable, was that of Titus Flamininus, which he gave on occasion of his father's death, and it was accompanied with a donation of meat, a feast, and stage-plays, and lasted four days. Yet, in the whole of this great exhibition, only seventy-four men fought in three days.

[6] The close of this year was rendered memorable by the proposal of a new and import- ant rule, which occupied the state, since it was debated with great emotion. Hitherto, as the law stood, women were as equal- ly capable of receiving inheritances as men.

[7] From which it hap- pened that the wealth of the most illustrious houses was frequent- ly transferred into other families, to the great detriment, as it was generally supposed, of the state; to which it was no small advantage that there should be a sufficiency of wealth to the descendants of distinguished ancestors, by which they might support and do honour to their nobility of birth, which otherwise would form a burden rather than honour to them.

[8] Besides, since with the now growing power of the empire, the riches of private persons also were increasing fear was felt, lest the minds of women, being rather inclined by nature to luxury, and the pursuit of a more elegant routine of life, and deriving from un- bounded wealth incentives to desire, should fall into immoderate expenses and luxury, and should subsequently chance to de- part from the ancient sanctity of manners, so that there would be a change of morals no less than of the manner of living.

[9] To obviate these evils, Quintus Voconius Saxa, plebeian tri- bune, proposed to the people, that

no person who should be rated after the censorship of Aulus Postumius and Quintius Fulvius should make any woman, whether married or unmar- ried, his heir; also, that no woman, whether married or un- married, should be capable of receiving, by inheritance, goods exceeding the value of one hundred thousand sesterces.

¹ Voconius, also, thought it proper to provide that estates should not be exhausted by the number of legacies, which some- times happened. Accordingly he added a clause to his law, that no person should bequeath to any person or persons pro- perty exceeding in value what was to go to the immediate heirs."

[10] This latter clause readily met the general approbation; it appeared reasonable, and calculated to press severely on no- body. Concerning the former clause, by which women were utterly disqualified from receiving inheritances, there were many doubts.

[11] Marcus Cato put an end to all hesitation, having been already, on a former occasion, a most determined adversary and reprover of women, in the defence of the Oppian law, who, although sixty-five years of age, with loud voice and good lungs advocated this law of still greater importance, against them, inveighing, with his usual asperity, against the tyranny of women, and their unsufferable insolence when opulent: on the present occasion, too, he declaimed against the pride and arrogance of the rich matrons,

because they oftentimes, after bringing a great dowry to their husband, kept back and re- tained for themselves a great sum of money, and lent that money on such terms afterwards to their husbands, on their asking it, that as often as they were angry they immediately pressed im- portunately on their husbands, as if they were strange debtors, by a reserved slave who followed them and daily importuned payment.

Moved by indignation at this, they voted for pass- ing the law as Voconius proposed it.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 41.28 focus

[1]

Towards the close of the year there were thanksgivings for one day for the successes gained in Spain under the auspices and generalship of Appius Claudius, and twenty of the larger victims were offered in sacrifice.

[2] The next day special intercessions were offered up at the temples of Ceres, Liber and Libera, owing to a report which had come in of a violent earthquake in the Sabine country which had laid many buildings in ruins.

[3] On Appius Claudius' return from Spain the senate decreed that he should enter the City in ovation.

[4] The consular elections were now approaching and there was keen competition owing to the large number of candidates. L. Postumius Albinus and M. Popilius Laenas were elected.

[5] The new praetors were N. Fabius Buteo, M. Matienus, C. Cicereius, M. Furius Crassipes for the second time, A. Atilius Serranus for the second time, and C. Cluvius Saxula also for the second time.

[6] When the elections were over, Ap. Claudius celebrated his triumph over the Celtiberi by entering the City in ovation, and he brought into the treasury 10,000 pounds of silver and 5000 pounds of gold. Cnaeus Cornelius was inaugurated as Flamen Dialis.

[7] During the year a tablet was placed in the temple of Mater Matuta with this inscription:

[8] "Under the auspices and command of the consul Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the legions of the army of Rome have subjugated Sardinia. In that province there have been 80,000 natives either killed or made prisoners.

[9] He was most happy in his administrations; he liberated the allies of Rome; he restored the revenues and brought his army safely home laden with enormous booty. For the second time he entered Rome in triumph. Because of this he has given this tablet as an offering to Jove."

[10] There was a representation of the island and pictures of the battles on the tablet. Several gladiatorial exhibitions were given this year, most of them on a small scale; the one given by T. Flamininus far surpassed the rest.

[11] On the occasion of his father's death he exhibited this spectacle for four days, and accompanied it with a distribution of meat, a funeral feast, and scenic plays. But even in this magnificent exhibition the total number of men who fought was only seventy-four.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. B.C. 174

2. Furius was praetor in 187 B.C. (XXXVIII. xlii. 4), Atilius in 192 B.C. (XXXV. x. 11), Cluvius perhaps in 175 B.C., his election having been reported in the lost section of chap. xviii above: at least there is no vacancy in earlier years. In that case the normal interval between terms of the same office was not observed (VII. xlii. 7).

3. Slaves were the only booty, according to Festus (p. 322), and they became proverbial for their cheapness.

4. B.C. 174

5. Nothing is known of the career of the liberator of Greece after his embassy to Prusias in 183 B.C. (XXXIX. li. 1 ff.), and his death may have occurred at this time.

6. While the number of gladiators was large for the time, it was so small in comparison with later games as to deserve mention. There is no trace of loss at the end of Book XL, and the account of the Voconian law, mentioned in the Periocha, may have been found in some lost section; but the Periocha is probably in error since the law quite certainly belongs to 169 B.C. (cf. Broughton, Magistrates I. 427).

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 41.28

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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