Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 41.27

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[1] The censors who were elected that year, Quintus Fulvius Flaccus and Aulus Postumius Albinus, chose the members of the senate; as princeps senatus Marcus Aemilius Lepidus the chief pontiff was chosen.

[2] They expelled nine from the senate. The conspicuous victims of the censure were Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis, who two years before had been praetor in Spain,¹ and² Lucius Cornelius Scipio the praetor, who at the time exercised jurisdiction over cases between citizens and aliens,³ and Lucius Fulvius who was own brother to the censor and, as Valerius Antias writes, held their father's property jointly with the censor.⁴

[3] The consuls, after publicly proclaiming their vows on the Capitoline, departed to their provinces. To one of them, Marcus Aemilius,⁵ the senate had entrusted the task of suppressing a revolt of the people of Patavium in Venetia, since even their own ambassadors had reported that civil war had flared up in consequence of the rivalry of factions.

[4] The ambassadors who had gone to Aetolia to repress similar disturbances reported that the madness of the people could not be checked. The consul's arrival was the cause of safety to the people of Patavium; since he had nothing else to do in the province, he returned to Rome.

[5] The censors first of all let contracts for paving the streets in the City with flint,⁶ and for laying the bases of roads outside the City with gravel and constructing footpaths along their edges, and for the construction of bridges in⁷ many places;⁸

[6] also a stage to be placed at the disposal of the aediles and praetors;⁹ stalls too in the Circus, and egg-shaped markers to designate the laps . . . and turning-points across . . . and iron cages through which the wild beasts might be let in . . .¹⁰ the festival on the Alban Mount.

[7] . .,¹¹ and they arranged for the pavement with flint of the Clivus Capitolinus¹² and for the construction of a portico from the temple of Saturn to the assembly-room of the senators on the Capitoline,¹³ and, above it, to the Curia.

[8] And outside the Porta Trigemina they paved the warehouse with stone and enclosed it with paling, and they contracted for repairs to the portico of Aemilius,¹⁴ and built a stairway from the Tiber to the warehouse.¹⁵

[9] And within the same gate they paved with flint the portico leading to the Aventine, and they built . . . from the temple of Venus.¹⁶

[10] The same censors contracted for the construction of walls at Calatia and Auximum; and after¹⁷ selling the public land there, the money which had been collected they devoted to building shops around the forum in each town.

[11] Also one of them, Fulvius Flaccus —for Postumius had announced that he would let no contract without the order of the Roman senate or assembly —with the money allotted to them contracted for a temple of Jupiter at Pisaurum and at Fundi,¹⁸ and for conducting water to Potentia also, and for paving with flint a street at Pisaurum and at Sinuessa for the construction of

[12] suburbs¹⁹ . . . in them, for both sewers and a surrounding wall . . . and a forum, to be enclosed by porticoes and shops, and for the erection of three statues of Janus. These contracts were let by the one censor to the great satisfaction of the colonists.²⁰

[13] In the supervision of morals the censorship was careful and strict. The horses of many were taken away.²¹

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 41.27 focus

[1] censores eo anno creati Q. Fulvius Flaccus et A. Postumius Albinus legerunt senatum; princeps lectus M. Aemilius Lepidus pontufex maximus.

[2] de senatu novem eiecerunt; insignes notae fuerunt M. Corneli Maluginensis, qui biennio ante praetor in Hispania fuerat, et L. Corneli Scipionis praetoris, cuius tum inter civis et peregrinos iurisdictio erat, et L. Fulvi, qui frater germanus et, ut Valerius Antias tradit, consors etiam censoris erat.

[3] consules votis in Capitolio nuncupatis in provincias profecti sunt. ex iis M. Aemilio senatus negotium dedit, ut Patavinorum in Venetia seditionem conprimeret, quos certamine factionum ad intestinum bellum exarsisse et ipsorum legati attulerant.

[4] legati, qui in Aetoliam ad similis motus conprimendos ierant, renuntiarunt coerceri rabiem gentis non posse. Patavinis saluti fuit adventus consulis; neque aliud, quod ageret in provincia, cum habuisset, Romam redit.

[5] censores vias sternendas silice in urbe, glarea extra urbem substruendas marginandasque primi omnium locaverunt, pontesque multis locis faciendos; et scaenam aedilibus praetoribusque praebendam;

[6] et carceres in circo, et ova ad notas curriculis numerand is dam, et metas trans et caveas ferreas, per quas intromitterentur feriis in monte Albano consulibus, et clivom Capitolinum silice sternendum curaverunt,

[7] et porticum ab aede Saturni in Capitolium ad senaculum, ac super id curiam.

[8] et extra portam Trigeminam emporium lapide straverunt stipitibusque saepserunt, et porticum Aemiliam reficiendam curarunt, gradibusque ascensum ab Tiberi in emporium fecerunt.

[9] et intra eandem portam in Aventinum porticum silice straverunt, et † eo publico ab aede Veneris fecerunt.

[10] iidem Calatiae et Auximi muros faciendos locaverunt; venditisque ibi publicis locis pecuniam, quae redacta erat, tabernis utrique foro circumdandis consumpserunt.

[11] et alter ex iis Fulvius Flaccus — nam Postumius nihil nisi senatus Romani populive iussu se locaturum edixit — ipsorum pecunia Iovis aedem Pisauri et Fundis et Potentiae etiam aquam adducendam, et Pisauri viam silice sternendam,

[12] et Sinuessae magalia addenda * aviariae, in his et cloacas et murum circumducendum et forum porticibus tabernisque claudendum et Ianos tris faciendos.

[13] haec ab uno censore opera locata cum magna gratia colonorum. moribus quoque regendis diligens et severa censura fuit. multis equi adempti.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.23 focus

[1]

Rex cum non ¹ minore vexatione iumentorum hominumque quam venerat in Macedoniam rediit; Appium tamen ab obsidione Phanotes fama ducentis ad Stratum Persei summovit.

[2] Cleuas cum praesidio impigrorum iuvenum insecutus sub radicibus prope inviis montium ² ad mille hominum ex agmine impedito occidit, ad ducentos cepit.

[3] Appius superatis angustiis in campo quem Meleona vocant stativa dierum paucorum habuit. interim Cleuas assumpto Philostrato, qui quingentos ex ³ Epirotarum gente habebat, in agrum Antigonensem transcendit. ⁴ Macedones ad depopulationem profecti;

[4] Philostratus⁵ cum cohorte sua in insidiis loco ⁶ obscuro consedit. in palatos populatores cum erupissent ab Antigonea armati, ⁷ fugientes eos persequentes effusius in vallem insessam ab hostibus praecipitant.

[5] ibi ad mille ⁸ occisis, centum ferme captis, et ubique prospere gesta re prope stativa Appi castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit.

[6] Appius nequiquam in his locis terens tempus, dimissis Chaonum Thesprotorumque ⁹ et si qui alii Epirotae erant praesidiis, cum Italicis militibus in Illyricum regressus, per Parthinorum ¹⁰ socias urbes in hiberna militibus divisis, ¹¹ ipse Romam sacrificii causa redit.

[7] Perseus ex Penestarum gente mille pedites, ducentos equites revocatos Cassandream, praesidio ut essent, misit.

[8] Ab Gentio eadem adferentes redierunt. nec deinde alios atque alios mittendo temptare eum destitit, cum appareret, quantum in eo praesidii esset, nec tamen impetrare ab animo posset, ut impensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti faceret.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 41.27 focus

[1]

censores eo anno creati Q. Fulvius Flaccus et A. Postumius Albinus legerunt senatum; princeps lectus M. Aemilius Lepidus pontufex maximus.

[2] de senatu novem eiecerunt. insignes notae fuerunt M. Corneli Maluginensis , qui biennio ante praetor in Hispania fuerat, et L. Corneli Scipionis praetoris, cuius tum inter civis et peregrinos iurisdictio erat, et L. Fulvi , qui frater ¹ germanus et, ut Valerius Antias tradit, consors etiam censoris erat.

[4] legati, qui in Aetoliam ad similis motus conprimendos ierant, renuntiarunt coerceri rabiem gentis non posse. Patavinis saluti fuit adventus consulis; neque aliud quod ageret in provincia cum habuisset, Romam rediit.

[5] censores vias sternendas silice in urbe, glarea extra urbem substruendas marginandasque primi omnium locaverunt, pontesque multis locis faciendos; et scaenam aedilibus ² praetoribusque praebendam,

[6] et carceres in circo, et ova ad notas curriculis numerandis dam , et metas trans et caveas ferrea intromitterentur feriis in monte Albano consulibus,

[7] et clivom Capitolinum silice sternendum curaverunt, et porticum ab aede Saturni in Capitolium et ad senaculum ac super id curiam. ³ et extra portam Trigeminam emporium lapide straverunt stipitibusque saepserunt,

[8] et porticum Aemiliam reficiendam curarunt, gradibusque ascensum ab Tiberi in emporium fecerunt.

[9] et extra eandem portam in Aventinum porticum silice straverunt et † eo publico ab aede Veneris fecerunt.

[10] idem Calatiae et Auximi muros faciendos locaverunt; venditisque ibi publicis locis pecuniam, quae redacta erat, tabernis utrique foro circumdandis consumpserunt.

[11] et alter ex iis Fulvius Flaccus — nam Postumius nihil nisi senatus Romani populive iussu se locaturum ipsorum pecunia — Iovis aedem Pisauri, et Fundis, et Potentiae etiam aquam adducendam, et Pisauri viam silice sternendam, et Sinuessae ⁴

[12] magalia addenda aviariae in his et cloacas et murum circumducen dum et forum porticibus tabernisque claudendum et Ianos tris faciendos.

[13] haec ab uno censore opera locata cum magna gratia colonorum. moribus quoque regendis diligens et severa censura fuit. multis equi adempti.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 41.27 focus

[1]

Quintus Fulvius Flaccus and Aulus Postumius, being created censors, reviewed the senate this year. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, chief pontiff, was chosen chief of the senate.

[2] Nine senators were expelled. The remarkable censures pronounced were on Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis, who had been praetor in Spain two years before; on Lucius Cornelius Scipio, who was then praetor and exercised the jurisdiction between natives and foreigners; and on Cneius Fulvius, brother to the censor, and, as Valerius Antias says, partner in property. The consuls, after offering vows in the Capitol, set out for their provinces.

[3] Marcus Aemilius was commissioned by the senate to suppress an insurrection of the Patavians in Venetia; for their own ambassadors had given information that by the violent contests of opposing factions they had broken out into civil war. The ambassadors who had gone into Aetolia, to suppress commotions of a similar kind, reported on their return, that the outrageous temper of that nation could not be restrained.

[4] The consul's arrival among the Patavians saved them from ruin; and having no other business in the province, he returned to Rome.

[5] The present censors were the first who contracted for paving the streets of Rome with flint stones, for laying with gravel the foundation of roads outside the city, and for forming raised foot-ways on the sides; for building bridges in several places;

[6] and affording seats in the theatre to the praetors and aediles; they fixed up goals in the circus, with balls on the goals for marking the number of courses of the chariots; and erected iron grates, through which wild beasts might be let in. They caused the Capitoline hill to be paved with flint, and erected a piazza from the temple of Saturn, in the Capitol, to the council-chamber, and over that a public hall.

[7] On the outside of the gate Trigemina, they also paved a market-place with stones, and enclosed it with a paling;

[8] they repaired the Aemilian portico, and formed an ascent, by stairs, from the Tiber to the market-place. They paved, with flint, the portico, from the same gate to the Aventine, and built a court-house:

[9] contracted for walls to be built at Galatia and Oximum, and, after selling lots of ground there, which belonged to the public, employed the money arising from the sale in building shops round the forums of both places.

[10] Fulvius Flaccus (for Postumius declared, that, without a decree of the senate, or order of the people, he would not expend any money belonging to them) agreed for building a temple of Jupiter at Pisaurum;

[11] and another at Fundi; for bringing water to Pollentia; for paving the street of Pisaurum, and for many various works at Sinuessa; among which were, the structure of a sewer to fall into the river, the enclosure of the forum with porticoes and shops, and erection of three statues of Janus.

[12] These works were all contracted for by one of the censors, and gained him a high degree of favour with those colonists.

[13] Their censorship was also very active and strict in the superintendence of the morals of the people. Many knights were deprived of their horses.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 41.27 focus

[1]

Q. Fulvius Flaccus and A. Postumius Albinus were elected censors this year and revised the roll of the senate. M. Aemilius Lepidus, the Pontifex Maximus, was chosen as leader of the House.

[2] Nine names were struck off the roll, the most important being those of M. Cornelius, Maluginensis, who had commanded as praetor in Spain two years before, L. Cornelius Scipio, who was at the time exercising the civic and alien jurisdictions, and L. Fulvius the censor's brother, and according to Valerius Antias, co-proprietor with him of the family estate. After the usual prayers and vows the consuls left for their provinces.

[3] M. Aemilius was charged by the senate with the task of suppressing the outbreak of the Petavines in Venetia, amongst whom, as their own envoys reported, the strife of rival factions had led to civil wars.

[4] The commissioners who had gone to Aetolia to put down similar disturbances brought back word that the frenzy of the nation could not be restrained. The consul's arrival was the salvation of the Petavines, and as he had nothing else to do in his province he returned to Rome.

[5] These censors were the first to make contracts for paving the streets of the City with flints and the roads outside with gravel, and footpaths raised at the sides, and also for the construction of bridges at various points.

[6] They furnished the praetors and aediles with a stage, placed the barriers in the Circus and provided egg-shaped balls to mark the number of laps, turning-posts on the course and iron doors for the cages through which the animals were sent into the arena. They also undertook the paving of the ascent from the Forum to the Capitol with flint and the construction of a colonnade from the temple of Saturn to the Capitol, and then on to the senaculum, and beyond that to the senate-house.

[7] The market-place outside the Porta Trigemina was paved with stone slabs and enclosed by a palisading;

[8] they also repaired the Aemilian colonnade and made a flight of stone steps on the slope leading from the Tiber.

[9] Inside the same gate they paved the colonnade leading to the Aventine with flint and made a road from the temple of Venus by the Clivus Publicius.

[10] These censors also signed contracts for the erection of walls at Calatia and Auximium, and the money which they received from the sale of portions of the State domain was spent in building shops round the forums in both these places.

[11] Postumius gave out that without the orders of the Roman senate or people he would not spend their money, so Fulvius Flaccus, acting alone, built a temple to Jupiter at Pisaurum and at Fundi and brought water to Placentia. He also paved a street at Pisaurum with flint.

[12] At Sinuessa he added some suburban residences with aviaries, constructed sewers, enclosed the place with a wall, built colonnades and shops all round the forum, setting up three statues of Janus there. These works contracted for by one of the censors were greatly appreciated by the members of the colony.

[13] The censors were strict and painstaking in the regulation of morals; several of the equites were deprived of their horses.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. In xv. 10 above Cornelius is represented as having evaded going to Spain, and Livy or a scribe, forgetting the fact, assumed that he had actually gone. Possibly his expulsion from the senate was due to suspicion or certainty that he had perjured himself; possibly it was due to an anti-Scipionic crusade: see also the next note.

2. B.C. 174

3. In viii. 1 Livy reported the election of Cn. Cornelius Scipio as praetor for 177 B.C. Valerius Maximus (IV. v. 3) has an anecdote of the election of Cn. Cornelius Scipio, the son of Africanus, and speaks of him as holding a judicial assignment, whereas the praetor of 177 B.C. was in Gaul. It is therefore impossible to be certain which, if either, was the son of Africanus. The basis for the expulsion of this Scipio is unknown. His election was mentioned in the lost portion of chap. xx.

4. The censor of this year was consul in 179 B.C. (a cousin of the same name was consul in 180 B.C.). Each of them seems to have had a brother Marcus, the brother of the consul of 180 B.C. perhaps having the cognomen Nobilior (XL. xli. 7-10 and the note). Possibly, however, Nobilior, who was banished in 180 B.C., is the man who is here referred to with the praenomen Lucius; he may have been expelled from the senate in 175 B.C. (XL. li. 1). Velleius (I. x. 6) calls him Fulvius Gnaeus, while Valerius Maximus (II. vii. 5) mentions him without the praenomen.

5. Aemilius was consul in 175 B.C. not in 174 B.C., and Livy is in error as to the name or as to the date.

6. The first paving outside of Rome was recorded XXXVIII. xxviii. 3; this is the first within the city.

7. B.C. 174

8. Their location is unknown; no bridges within Rome are traceable to this censorship.

9. These magistrates presided over games at which dramatic performances were given.

10. The text of this passage has suffered in various places, and no satisfactory restorations have been proposed for most of the lacunae. I have added nothing to complete the sense except

the wild beasts.

The carceres were built at the end of the race-track, so placed as to give each contestant an equal opportunity to gain the inside track. The ova were arranged on the spina, and one was taken down as each lap in the race was run. The metae marked the points around which the chariots were to go. The single syllable dam is entirely unintelligible.

11. The loss of the context leaves consulibus without a sense, and makes the entire clause doubtful in meaning.

12. This was the steep ascent from the Forum to the Capitoline.

13. The meaning is uncertain, but would seem to require two porticoes, one following the line of the Clivus Capitolinus, one branching off from it and running northward along the face or at the foot of the Capitoline, and reaching the area occupied by the temple of Concord or the Comitium. Possibly there were a senaculum and a curia.

14. Cf. XXXV. x. 12; on the Capitoline (for the comitia curiata).

15. This area lay at the south-west corner of the Aventine, along the Tiber.

16. If the phrase found in V. eo publico (see the critical note) is derived from the corruption of clivo Publicio, the temple of Venus might be the one referred to in XXIX. xxxvii. 2 as in the forum boarium, whence the clivus Publicius led to the Aventine.

17. B.C. 174

18. According to Weissenborn the words lovis aedem should be construed with both Fundis and Potentiae: cf. li. 6.

19. Or possibly

huts,

hutments.

magalia and mapalia were Punic words, or the same Punic word, for huts or small dwellings. magalia was also used for the suburbs of Carthage. There may be a connection between magalia here and the word aviariae (which is not here translated); for Cato speaks of

magalia

as cohortes rotundae, and a cohors is a cattle-pen or a poultry-pen. Cf. Cato in Servius on Virgil Aen. i. 421 (E. H. Warmington).

20. The colonies were Pisaurum, Potentia, and Sinuessa, and possibly the three statues were erected there.

21. Cf. XXXIX. xliv. 1 etc. The censorship was particularly active in the construction of new buildings, despite the apparent conservatism of Postumius; see Tenney Frank, An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome, Vol. I. ch. iii. p. 185.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 41.27

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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