Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 40.51

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[1] The censors chose the senate faithfully and harmoniously. The princeps senatus selected was Marcus Aemilius Lepidus himself, a censor and the pontifix maximus;¹ three were expelled from the senate; Lepidus retained some who had been passed over by his colleague.²

[2] Public works, out of the money assigned and divided between them, they carried out as follows.

[3] Lepidus built a mole at Tarracina, a work which brought him censure because he owned property there and had included with expenditures chargeable to the state some private expenses; he contracted for a theatre and proscenium-building³ at the temple of Apollo, and for the cleaning and whitening of the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline and of the columns around it; and from these columns he removed the statues which seemed to be so placed as to obstruct the view, and he took down the shields from the columns and the military standards of every sort which were affixed to them.

[4] Marcus Fulvius contracted for additional works and of greater utility: a harbour⁴⁵ and the piles for a bridge over the Tiber, the piles on which many years later Publius Scipio Africanus and Lucius Mummius in

[5] their censorship contracted for the construction of arches,⁶ a basilica behind the new shops of the silver-smiths⁷ and a fish-market⁸ with shops about it which he sold for private

[6] use; also a portico⁹ outside the Porta Trigemina, and another behind the dock-yards, and near the shrine of Hercules, and behind the temple of Spes on the Tiber, and near the shrine of Apollo

[7] Medicus.¹⁰ They had, besides, money in common: from this they let contracts in the names of both for the construction of an aqueduct and the erection of arches. This undertaking was blocked by Marcus Licinius Crassus, who would not permit the aqueduct to run across his property.¹¹ The same censors established many port-dues and

[8] taxes.¹² Many shrines and public places, occupied by private persons, they caused to be public and sacred and open to the

[9] people. They changed the method of voting and constituted the tribes according to districts and to the classes and situations and occupations of the members.¹³

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 40.51 focus

[1] censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt. princeps lectus est ipse censor M. Aemilius Lepidus pontifex maximus:

[2] tres eiecti de senatu; retinuit quosdam Lepidus a collega praeteritos. opera ex pecunia attributa divisaque inter se haec confecerunt. confecerunt: Lepidus molem ad Tarracinam, ingratum opus, quod praedia habebat ibi privatamque publicae rei impensam inseruerat;

[3] theatrum et proscaeninmZZZ proscenium ad Apollinis, aedem Iovis in Capitolio, columnasque circa poliendas albo locavit; et ab his columnis, quae incommode opposita videbantur, signa amovit clipeaque de columnis et signa militaria adfixa omnis generis dempsit.

[4] M. Fulvius plura et maioris locavit usus: portur portum et pilas pontis in Tiberi, quibus pilis fornices post aliquot annos P. Scipio Africanus et L. Mummius censores locaverunt imponendos;

[5] basilicam post argentarias novas et forum piscatorium circumdatis tabernis quas vendidit in privatum;

[6] et et forum et porticum extra portam Trigeminam, et aliam post navalia et ad fanum Herculis et post Spei ad Tiberim et ad aedem Apollinis medici.

[7] habuere et in promiscuo praeterea pecuniam: ex ea communiter locarunt aquam adducendam fornicesque faciendos. impedimento operi fuit M. Licinius Crassus, qui per fundum suum duci non est passus.

[8] portoria quoque et vectigalia iidem multa instituerunt. complura sacella publicaque loca, occupata a privatis, publica sacraque ut essent paterentque populo curarunt.

[9] mutarunt suffragia, regionatimque generibus hominum causisque et quaestibus tribus discripserunt

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.23 focus

[1]

Rex cum non ¹ minore vexatione iumentorum hominumque quam venerat in Macedoniam rediit; Appium tamen ab obsidione Phanotes fama ducentis ad Stratum Persei summovit.

[2] Cleuas cum praesidio impigrorum iuvenum insecutus sub radicibus prope inviis montium ² ad mille hominum ex agmine impedito occidit, ad ducentos cepit.

[3] Appius superatis angustiis in campo quem Meleona vocant stativa dierum paucorum habuit. interim Cleuas assumpto Philostrato, qui quingentos ex ³ Epirotarum gente habebat, in agrum Antigonensem transcendit. ⁴ Macedones ad depopulationem profecti;

[4] Philostratus⁵ cum cohorte sua in insidiis loco ⁶ obscuro consedit. in palatos populatores cum erupissent ab Antigonea armati, ⁷ fugientes eos persequentes effusius in vallem insessam ab hostibus praecipitant.

[5] ibi ad mille ⁸ occisis, centum ferme captis, et ubique prospere gesta re prope stativa Appi castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit.

[6] Appius nequiquam in his locis terens tempus, dimissis Chaonum Thesprotorumque ⁹ et si qui alii Epirotae erant praesidiis, cum Italicis militibus in Illyricum regressus, per Parthinorum ¹⁰ socias urbes in hiberna militibus divisis, ¹¹ ipse Romam sacrificii causa redit.

[7] Perseus ex Penestarum gente mille pedites, ducentos equites revocatos Cassandream, praesidio ut essent, misit.

[8] Ab Gentio eadem adferentes redierunt. nec deinde alios atque alios mittendo temptare eum destitit, cum appareret, quantum in eo praesidii esset, nec tamen impetrare ab animo posset, ut impensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti faceret.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 40.51 focus

[1]

censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt. princeps lectus ¹ est ipse censor M. Aemilius Lepidus pontifex maximus; tres eiecti de senatu;

[2] retinuit quosdam Lepidus a collega praeteritos. opera ex pecunia adtributa divisaque inter se haec confecerunt: Lepidus molem ad Tarracinam, ingratum opus, quod praedia habebat ibi, privatamque publicae rei inpensam inseruerat;

[3] theatrum et proscenium ad Apollinis, aedem Iovis in Capitolio columnasque circa poliendas albo locavit, et ab his columnis, quae incommode obposita videbantur, signa amovit clipeaque de columnis et signa ² militaria adfixa omnis generis dempsit.

[4] M. Fulvius plura et maioris locavit usus: portum et pilas pontis in Tiberi, quibus pilis fornices post aliquot annos P. Scipio Africanus et L. Mummius censores locaverunt inponendos,

[5] basilicam post argentarias novas et forum piscatorium circumdatis tabernis, quas vendidit in privatum,

[6] et forum et porticum extra portam Trigeminam et aliam post navalia et ad fanum Herculis et post Spei ad Tiberim et ad³ aedem Apollinis medici.

[7] habuere et in promiscuo praeterea pecuniam; ex ea communiter locarunt aquam adducendam fornicesque faciendos. inpedimento operi fuit M. Licinius Crassus , qui per fundum suum duci non est passus.

[8] portoria quoque et vectigalia iidem multa instituerunt. complura sacella publicaque [sua], occupata a privatis, publica sacraque ut essent paterentque populo curarunt.

[9] mutarunt suffragia regionatimque ⁴

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 40.51 focus

[1]

The censors inspected the senate with sincere unanimity. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, the censor, who was likewise chief pontiff, was chosen head of the senate; three were expelled from that body.

[2] Lepidus restored some who were rejected by his colleague. They completed these works with the money which had been assigned, and divided between them: —Lepidus built a mole at Tarracina, an unpopular work, because he had estates there, and brought into the account of the public expenditure what ought to have been done at his own expense.

[3] He contracted for the building of a theatre and stage near the temple of Apollo, the whitening of the temple of Jupiter in the Capitol, and the columns around it; he also removed from those columns the statues that stood unseemingly before them, and took down from them the shields and military ensigns of all sorts hung thereon.

[4] Marcus Fulvius made contracts for works more numerous and of more use; a haven on the Tiber, and piers for a bridge across it; on which piers Publius Scipio Africanus and Lucius Mummius, who were the censors, many years after, bargained for the erection of arches; a court of justice behind the new bankers' houses, and a fish-market sur- rounded with shops, which he sold to private persons;

[5] also a forum and portico, on the outside of the gate Trigemina; another portico behind the dock-yard, and one at the temple of Hercules; also a temple of Apollo Medicus, behind that of Hope, on the bank of the Tiber.

[6] They had besides, some of the money undivided, and out of this they jointly agreed to pay for water being brought, and arches being made; but Marcus Licinius Crassus hindered this work, for he would not suffer it to be brought through his grounds.

[7] They also established many port duties and customs, and took care that very many public chapels, which had been occupied by private individuals, should be public and consecrated, and open to the people.

[8] They likewise made an alteration in the mode of voting; for, through all the regions, they divided the tribes ¹ according to the different ranks, conditions, and callings of men.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 40.51 focus

[1]

M. Aemilius Lepidus, Pontifex Maximus and Censor, was himself chosen as leader of the House. Lepidus kept some on the roll whom his colleague had left out.

[2] The sums which had been granted to them for constructive works were employed as follows. Lepidus constructed a breakwater at Terracina, an unpopular proceeding because he had estates there and was charging to the public account what should have been his private expenditure.

[3] He contracted for the building of an auditorium and stage at the temple of Apollo, and the polishing with chalk of the temple of Jupiter on the Capitol and the columns round it. He also removed the statues from the front of the columns which blocked the view and took away all the shields and military standards which had been fastened to them. M. Fulvius undertook more numerous and more useful works.

[4] He constructed a wharf on the Tiber and piles for a bridge on which some years later the censors P. Scipio Africanus and L. Mummius erected arches.

[5] He built a court-house behind the new bankers' establishments, a fish-market surrounded by shops, a market-square and colonnade outside the Porta Trigemina, and other colonnades behind the docks, at the fane of Hercules, behind the temple of Hope by the Tiber, and one at the temple of Apollo Medicus.

[6] Besides the sums allotted to each they had a certain amount to use in common, and this they devoted to the construction of an aqueduct on arches.

[7] M. Licinius Crassus threw difficulties in the way of this work, as he would not allow it to be carried through his land. Various tolls were also initiated by them, and they fixed rents for the use of the State lands.

[8] Many chapels and public buildings had been taken possession of by private individuals; the censors made it their care that these should preserve their sacred character and be accessible to the public. The method of voting was revised by them, and through all the "regions" they classified the tribes according to their status, their circumstances,

[9] and their sources of income.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. His predecessor Lucius Valerius Flaccus, who had died the preceding year (xlii. 6 above), had also been censor.

2. i.e., the colleague had been in favour of rejecting these men also, as indicated by his not having included them in the

approved

list. The agreement of the censors was necessary for expulsion.

3. By theatrum Livy means the auditorium ( cavea), a common meaning of the Greek qe/atron. Perhaps the theatre was used only for the Apollo cult; if it was an actual theatre, it was the earliest of permanent character in Rome, although that distinction is usually given to the theatre of Pompey, erected more than a century later. This theatre may have been torn down by later censors, but the fact is not recorded.

4. It was probably near the bridge.

5. B.C. 179

6. The bridge is the pons Aemilius, finished by Scipio Aemilianus and Mummius in their censorship in 142 B.C. The single arch still standing in the river may belong to it.

7. On the north side of the Forum. Originally called basilica Fulvia or Aemilia et Fulvia, its restorations by later Aemilii have caused it to be known as basilica Aemilia. For the earlier basilica Porcia cf. XXXIX. xliv. 7 and the note.

8. It lay to the north of the basilica and was probably identical with the macellum of XXVII. xi. 16.

9. If et forum should be read before et porticum, it may refer to the forum Pistorum below the Aventine, but information as to this is scanty.

10. The temples of Spes and Apollo were probably in the region of the forum Olitorium, that of Hercules in the forum Boariurm. The portico system then seems to connect the two districts where Fulvius was most active, that near the upper end of the island and that below the Aventine.

11. Condemnation of private property for such purposes was not authorized. Nothing more seems to be known about this project, and it may have fallen through by reason of the opposition of Crassus.

12. Particularly on public lands which were in private hands.

13. Unfortunately, Livy is not explicit as to this reorganization, and we cannot go beyond speculation.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 40.51

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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