Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 40.42

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[1] The same year Lucius Duronius, who had been praetor the year before, returned from Illyricum to Brundisium with ten ships. Thence, leaving the ships in port, he went to Rome, and in the course of his narrative of what he had done there he pointed in no uncertain manner at Gentius, king of the Illyrians,¹ as the cause of all the brigandage by sea:

[2] from his kingdom, he said, came all the ships which had ravaged the coast of the upper sea; he had sent ambassadors about these matters, but there had been no opportunity to meet the king.

[3] Envoys had come to Rome from Gentius, who said that at the time the Romans had come to interview the king he had happened to be ill in the farthest part of the kingdom:² Gentius asked the senate not to believe the spurious charges which his enemies had made against him.

[4] Duronius added to this a statement that many Roman citizens and allies of the Latin confederacy had suffered injury in his kingdom, and that Roman citizens were said to be detained at Corcyra.³

[5] It was decided that all these should be brought to Rome, that the praetor Gaius Claudius should investigate, and that until this was done a reply should not be given to King Gentius or his ambassadors.

[6] Among many others whom the pestilence of that year carried off a number of priests also died. Lucius Valerius Flaccus the pontiff died: also Quintus Fabius Labeo was chosen in his place.

[7] Publius Manlius, who had only recently returned from Farther Spain, the triumvir epulo,⁴ died, and in his stead Quintus Fulvius the son of Marcus, who still wore the dress of boyhood,⁵ was coöpted triumvir.

[8] In the matter of choosing a rex sacrificulus⁶ to replace Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella, there was a dispute between Gaius Servilius the pontifex maximus and Lucius Cornelius Dolabella⁷ the duumvir navalis, whom the pontifex ordered to resign his office that he might install him in the priesthood.⁸

[9] When he refused to do this, the pontifex assessed a fine against the duumvir and about this act there was a contest before the assembly after he had appealed.⁹¹⁰ When several tribes had already been called in to vote, were now ordering

[10] the duumvir to be obedient to the pontifex and the fine to be remitted if he should have resigned his magistracy, an unfavourable sign¹¹ from heaven intervened and adjourned the assembly. Therefore the priests felt a scruple against inaugurating Dolabella. They installed as priest Publius Cloelius Siculus, who had been second on the list of nominees

[11] for the office.¹² At the end of the year the pontifex maximus Gaius Servilius Geminus also died; he had also been a decemvir in

[12] charge of sacrifices. As a pontiff in his place the college coöpted Quintus Fulvius Flaccus:¹³ then Marcus Aemilius Lepidus was elected pontifex maximus, although many distinguished men were candidates;¹⁴ and as decemvir in charge of sacrifices, in place of the same Servilius, Quintus Marcius Philippus was coöpted. Also the augur Spurius Postumius Albinus died; to replace him the augurs coöpted Publius Scipio the

[13] son of Africanus. The Cumaeans that year asked and were granted the privilege of using the Latin language officially, and the auctioneers that of conducting their sales in Latin.¹⁵

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 40.42 focus

[1] eodem anno L. Duronius, qui praetor anno superiore fuerat, ex Illyrico cum decem navibus Brundisium rediit. inde in portu relictis navibus cum venisset Romam, inter exponendas res, quas ibi gessisset, baud haud dubie in regem lllyriorum Illyriorum Gentium latrocinii omnis maritimi causam avertit:

[2] ex regno eius omnes naves esse, quae superi maris oram depopulatae essent; de his rebus se legatos misisse, nec conveniendi regis potestatem factam.

[3] venerant Romam legati a Gentio, qui, quo tempore Romani conveniendi regis causa venissent, aegrum forte eum in ultimis partibus fuisse regni dicerent:

[4] petere Gentium ab senatu, ne crederent confictis criminibus in se, quae inimici detulissent. ad ea Duronius adiecit multis civibus Romanis et sociis Latini nominis iniurias factas in regno eius, et cives Romanos dici Corcyrae retineri.

[5] eos omnes Romam adduci placuit, C. Claudium praetorem cognoscere, neque ante Gentio regi legatisve eius responsum reddi. inter multos alios,

[6] quos pestilentia eius anni absumpsit, sacerdotes quoque aliquot mortui sunt. L. Valerius Flaccus pontifex mortuus est: in eius locum suffectus est Q. Fabius Labeo.

[7] P. Manlius, qui nuper ex ulteriore Hispania redierat, triumvir epulo: Q. Fulvius M. f. in locum eius triumvir cooptatus, turn tum praetextatus erat.

[8] de rege sacrificulo sufficiendo in locum Cn. Cornelii Dolabellae contentio inter C. Servilium pontificem maximum fuit et L. Cornelium Dolabellam duumvirum navalem, quem ut inauguraret pontifex magistratu sese abdicare iubebat.

[9] recusantique id facere ob earn eam rem multa duumviro dicta a pontifice, deque ea, cum provocasset, certatuml certatum ad populum.

[10] cum plures iam tribus intro vocatae dicto esse audientem pontifici duumvirum iuberent, multamque remitti, si magistratu se abdicasset, vitium de caelo, quod comitia turbaret, intervenit. religio inde fuit pontificibus inaugurandi Dolabellae.

[11] P. Cloelium Siculum inaugurarunt, qui secundo loco nominatus erat. exifu exitu anni et C. Servilius Geminus pontifex maximus decessit: idem decemvir sacrorum fuit. pontifex in locum eius a collegio cooptatus est Q. Fulvius Flaccus:

[12] creatus inde pontifex maximus M. Aemilius Lepidus, cum multi clari viri petissent; et decemvir sacrorum Q. Marcius Philippus in eiusdem locum est cooptatus.

[13] et augur Sp. Postumius Albinus decessit: in locum eius P. Scipionem, filium Africani, augures cooptarunt. Cumanis eo anno petentibus permissum, ut publice Latine loquerentur et praeconibus Latine vendendi ius esset.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.23 focus

[1]

Rex cum non ¹ minore vexatione iumentorum hominumque quam venerat in Macedoniam rediit; Appium tamen ab obsidione Phanotes fama ducentis ad Stratum Persei summovit.

[2] Cleuas cum praesidio impigrorum iuvenum insecutus sub radicibus prope inviis montium ² ad mille hominum ex agmine impedito occidit, ad ducentos cepit.

[3] Appius superatis angustiis in campo quem Meleona vocant stativa dierum paucorum habuit. interim Cleuas assumpto Philostrato, qui quingentos ex ³ Epirotarum gente habebat, in agrum Antigonensem transcendit. ⁴ Macedones ad depopulationem profecti;

[4] Philostratus⁵ cum cohorte sua in insidiis loco ⁶ obscuro consedit. in palatos populatores cum erupissent ab Antigonea armati, ⁷ fugientes eos persequentes effusius in vallem insessam ab hostibus praecipitant.

[5] ibi ad mille ⁸ occisis, centum ferme captis, et ubique prospere gesta re prope stativa Appi castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit.

[6] Appius nequiquam in his locis terens tempus, dimissis Chaonum Thesprotorumque ⁹ et si qui alii Epirotae erant praesidiis, cum Italicis militibus in Illyricum regressus, per Parthinorum ¹⁰ socias urbes in hiberna militibus divisis, ¹¹ ipse Romam sacrificii causa redit.

[7] Perseus ex Penestarum gente mille pedites, ducentos equites revocatos Cassandream, praesidio ut essent, misit.

[8] Ab Gentio eadem adferentes redierunt. nec deinde alios atque alios mittendo temptare eum destitit, cum appareret, quantum in eo praesidii esset, nec tamen impetrare ab animo posset, ut impensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti faceret.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 40.42 focus

[1]

eodem anno L. Duronius , qui praetor anno superiore ex Illyrico cum decem navibus Brundisium redierat. inde in portu relictis navibus cum venisset Romam, inter exponendas res, quas ibi gessisset, haud dubie in regem Illyriorum Gentium latrocinii omnis maritimi causam avertit:

[2] ex regno eius omnes naves esse, quae superi maris oram depopulatae essent; de his rebus legatos misisse, nec conveniendi regis potestatem factam.

[3] venerant Romam legati a Gentio, qui quo tempore Romani conveniendi regis causa venissent, aegrum forte eum in ultimis partibus fuisse regni dicerent:

[4] petere Gentium ab senatu, ne crederent confictis criminibus in se, quae inimici detulissent. ad ea Duronius adiecit, multis civibus Romanis et sociis Latini nominis iniurias factas in regno eius et cives Romanos dici Corcyrae retineri.

[5] eos ¹ omnes Romam adduci placuit, C. Claudium praetorem cognoscere, neque ante Gentio regi legatisve eius responsum reddi.

[6] inter multos alios, quos pestilentia eius anni absumpsit, sacerdotes quoque aliquot mortui sunt. L. Valerius Flaccus pontifex mortuus est; in eius locum subfectus est Q. Fabius Labeo .

[7] P. Manlius , qui nuper ex ulteriore Hispania redierat, triumvir epulo; Q. Fulvius M. f. in locum eius triumvir cooptatus, tum praetextatus erat.

[8] de rege sacrifico subficiendo in locum Cn. Corneli Dolabellae contentio inter C. Servilium pontificem maximum fuit et L. Cornelium Dolabellam duumvirum navalem, quem ut inauguraret pontifex magistratu sese abdicare iubebat;

[9] recusantique id facere ob eam rem multa duumviro dicta a pontifice, deque ea, cum provocasset, certatum ad populum.

[10] cum plures iam tribus ² intro vocatae dicto esse audientem pontifici duumvirum iuberent multamque remitti, si magistratu se abdicasset, ultimum de caelo quod comitia turbaret intervenit. religio inde fuit pontificibus inaugurandi Dolabellae.

[11] P. Cloelium Siculum inaugurarunt, qui secundo loco nominatus erat. exitu anni et C. Servilius Geminus pontifex maximus decessit; idem decemvir sacrorum fuit. pontifex in locum eius a collegio cooptatus Q. Fulvius Flaccus ;

[12] inde pontifex maximus M. Aemilius Lepidus creatus, cum multi clari viri petissent; et decemvir sacrorum Q. Marcius Philippus in eiusdem locum est cooptatus.

[13] et augur Sp. Postumius Albinus decessit; in locum eius P. Scipionem , filium Africani, augures cooptarunt. ³

Cumanis eo anno petentibus permissum, ut publice Latine loquerentur et praeconibus Latine vendendi ius esset.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 40.42 focus

[1]

In the same year Lucius Duronius, who had been praetor the year before, returned with ten ships from Illyricum to Brun- dusium, and leaving the fleet in that harbour, came to Rome, and in giving a recital of the services which he had performed in his province, he threw the blame of all the piracies committed by sea, on Gentius, king of Illyricum, as their undoubted cause.

[2]

From his kingdom,

he said,

came all the ships that had ravaged the coast of the Hadriatic; that he had sent ambassadors on the subject, but they were not even allowed an audience of the king.

[3] Some time before this, ambassadors had come to Rome from Gentius, who said, that

when the Romans came for the purpose of holding a conference with the king, he happened to be sick in a remote part of his dominions; and that Gentius requested of the senate, not to give credit to the forged charges which his enemies had made against him.

[4] Duronius added, that injuries were offered to many Roman citizens and Latin allies, in Gentius's dominions; some of whom he held in confinement in Corcyra.

[5] It was their pleasure that all these should be brought to Rome; that the praetor, Caius Claudius, should inquire into that business; and that until this were done, no answer should be given to king Gentius, or his ambassadors.

[6] Among many others whom the pestilence of this year cut off, several priests also died. Lucius Valerius Flaccus, a pontiff, died of it; and in his room was substituted Quintus Fabius Labeo.

[7] Publius Manlius, who had lately come home from the Farther Spain, and was triumvir of religious feasts, died also; Quintus Fulvius, son of Marcus, then a mere youth, succeeded him.

[8] The appointing of a king of the sacrifices in the room of Cneius Cornelius Dolabella, gave rise to a dispute between Caius Servilius, chief pontiff, and Lucius Cornelius Dolabella, naval duumvir; whom the pontiff ordered to resign his office, to the end that he might inaugurate him; and on the duumvir's refusing to do this, a fine was therefore imposed on him by the pontiff; and when the latter appealed, they contended about the affair before the people.

[9] After a majority of the tribes, being called in, had ordered that the duumvir should comply with

[10] the requisition of the pontiff, and that if he would resign his commission the fine should be remitted, an unfavourable omen from the heavens intervened, which broke off the proceedings of the assembly. After this the pontiffs were prevented by religious scruples from inaugurating Dolabella.

[11] They consecrated Publius Claelius Siculus, who had been installed in the second place. Towards the end of the year, Caius Servilius Geminus, the chief pontiff, also died; the same was decemvir of religious affairs. In his room, as pontiff, Quintus Fulvius Flaccus was nominated by the college; but Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, was elected chief pontiff, though many illustrious men sought that office; and Quintus Marcius Philippus was appointed to the office of the same, as decemvir of religious affairs.

[12] Spurius Postumius Albinus, an augur, died; and the augurs elected into his place Publius Scipio, son of Africanus.

[13] On the request of the people of Cumae that year, leave was granted them to use the Latin language in their public business, and that their auctioneers should have a right to use the Latin language in selling.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 40.42 focus

[1]

L. Duronius, who had been commanding as praetor in Illyria, returned this year to Brundisium. In giving his report of what he had done, he unhesitatingly threw all the responsibility for the piracy on Gentius, the King of Illyria; it was from his dominions that all the ships had sailed which had ravaged the shores of the Hadriatic.

[2] He stated, further, that he sent envoys to the king to deal with the matter, but they had had no opportunity of meeting him.

[3] A deputation from Gentius went to Rome and explained that at the time when the Romans went to meet the king he happened to be lying ill in the most distant part of his kingdom.

[4] He asked the senate not to accept the trumped-up charges against him which his enemies had made. In reply to this, Duronius further stated that injuries had been inflicted on many Roman citizens and Latin allies in his dominions, and it was reported that Roman citizens were being detained in Corcyra. The senate decided that they should all be brought to Rome and that the praetor C. Claudius should investigate their case.

[5] Till then no reply should be given to Gentius or to his envoys.

[6] Amongst the many who were carried off by the epidemic this year were some of the priests. The pontiff L. Valerius Flaccus died, and Q. Fabius Labeo was appointed in his place;

[7] P. Manlius, who had lately returned from Further Spain, one of the three superintendents of the sacrificial banquets, fell a victim, and Quinctus the son of M. Fulvius was appointed in his place, quite a young man at the time.

[8] The filling of the vacancy caused by the death of Cneius Cornelius Dolabella, the rex sacrificulus, led to a dispute between the Pontifex Maximus C. Servilius and L. Cornelius Dolabella, one of the two directors of naval affairs. The pontiff required him to resign his post in order that he might inaugurate him.

[9] On his refusing to do so, the pontiff imposed a fine upon him, and on his appeal the question of the fine was argued before the Assembly.

[10] When several of the tribes had declared by their votes that the naval director should comply with the pontiff's requirement, and that if he resigned his post the fine should be remitted, a thunderstorm interrupted the proceedings.

[11] The pontiffs were thus prevented on religious grounds from appointing Dolabella, and they inaugurated P. Claelius Siculus, who had the next largest number of votes. At the close of the year the Pontifex Maximus died. C. Servilius Geminus was not only Pontifex Maximus, but also one of the Keepers of the Sacred Books.

[12] Q. Fulvius Flaccus was co-opted by the college as one of the pontiffs, and M. Aemilius Lepidus was made Pontifex Maximus in place of Geminus from among many distinguished competitors.

[13] In his place Q. Marcius Philippus was chosen as a Keeper of the Sacred Books. The augur Sp. Postumius also died and the other augurs co-opted P. Scipio the son of Africanus to fill the vacancy.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. Polybius (XXXII. xviii) calls him more exactly king of the Dalmatians.

2. B.C. 180

3. The Illyrian city of Corcyra ( Ko/rkura) seems to be meant, not the island ( Ke/rkura).

4. This college had charge of sacrificial feasts.

5. This Fulvius, who was not old enough to assume the dress of manhood ( toga virilis), may have been the son of the M. Fulvius of xxx. 4 above.

6. The title indicates that he performed some of the religious duties originally belonging to the king.

7. Dolabella was not one of the duumvirs named in xxvi. 8 above, and a later election Livy may have omitted to mention.

8. This priesthood was incompatible with public office and with military duties.

9. Cf. XXXVII. Ii. 1-6 and the notes.

10. B.C. 180

11. An unfavourable omen —usually thunder or lightning — always caused the adjournment of an assembly. This assembly had met as a final court of appeal.

12. The colleges of pontiffs conducted a sort of preferential ballot. The pontifex maximus then selected the nominee, normally the one who had the largest number of votes. If he proved ineligible, as in this instance, the second was chosen, and so on.

13. Probably, though not certainly, the Flaccus who had just returned from Spain.

14. Only members of the college of pontiffs were eligible to election as pontifex maximus.

15. The Cumaeans were cives sine suffragio, and such communities were, it seems, allowed to use Latin officially only by special action. Their native language had become Oscan.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 40.42

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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