Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 40.41

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[1] The two consuls led their armies against the Ligurians from different directions.

[2] Postumius, with the first and third legions, attacked the mountains of Ballista and Letum, and by blocking with guards their narrow passes cut the enemy off from supplies and subdued them because of their complete lack of everything.

[3] Fulvius, with the second and fourth legions, attacking from the side of Pisa the Ligurian Apuani (those of that people who lived along the Macra river), after receiving the surrender of about seven thousand men, loaded them on boats and sent them along the shore of the Tuscan sea to Naples.

[4] Thence they were transferred to Samnium and given land among their countrymen.

[5] Aulus Postumius¹ destroyed the vineyards and burned the crops of the Ligurians of the mountains until, compelled by the disasters of war, they submitted and gave up their weapons.

[6] Then Postumius proceeded by boat to explore the coast of the Ligurian Ingauni and Intemelii.

[7] Before these consuls² came to the army which was mobilized at Pisa, Aulus Postumius was incommand. The brother of Quintus Fulvius, Marcus Fulvius Nobilior³ —this Fulvius was tribune of the soldiers of the second legion —during his months⁴ dismissed the legion, binding the centurions by an oath that they would turn the money in to the quaestors for

[8] the treasury.⁵ When this was announced to Aulus at Placentia —for he had happened to go⁶ there —following with the light cavalry the men who had been released, he punished and brought back to Pisa those of them whom he could overtake; as to the rest, he notified

[9] the consul. On his motion the senate passed a decree that Marcus Fulvius should be banished to Spain beyond New Carthage;⁷ and a letter was given to him by the consul for delivery to Publius Manlius in Farther Spain; the soldiers were ordered to return to

[10] the standards. As a mark of disgrace it was voted that the legion should receive only six months' pay for that year: the consul was directed to sell the person and property of any soldier who had not returned to the army.⁸

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 40.41 focus

[1] consules ambo in Ligures exercitus induxerunt diversis partibus.

[2] Postumius prima et tertia legione Ballistam Letumque montes obsedit, et premendo praesidiis angustos saltus eorum commeatus interclusit, inopiaque omnium rerum eos perdomuit.

[3] Fulvius secunda et quarta legione adortus a Pisis Apuanos Ligures, qui eorum circa Macram fluvium incolebant, in deditionem acceptos, ad septem milia hominum, in naves impositos praeter oram Etrusci maris Neapolim transmisit.

[4] inde in Samnium traducti, agerque iis inter populares datus est.

[5] montanorum Ligurum ab A. Postumio vineae caesae frumentaque deusta, done cladibus omnibus belli coacti in deditionem venerunt armaque tradiderunt.

[6] navibus inde Postumius ad visendam oram Ingaunorum Intemeliorumque Ligurum processit.

[7] priusquam hi consules venirent ad exercitum, qui Pisas indictus erat, praeerat A. Postumius.

[8] frater Q. Fulvii M. Fulvius Nobilior — secundae legionis Fulvius tribunus militum is erat — mensibus suis dimisit legionem, iureiurando adactis centurionibus aes in aerarium ad quaestores esse delaturos.

[9] hoc ubi Placentiam — nam eo forte erat profectus — Aulo nuntiatum est, cum equitibus expeditis secutus dimissos, quos eorum potuit adsequi, reduxit castigatos Pisas; de ceteris consulem certiorem fecit.

[10] eo referente senatus consultum factum est, ut M. Fulvius in Hispaniam relegaretur ultra novam Carthaginem; litteraeque ei datae sunt a consule ad P. Manlium in Hispaniam ulteriorem deferendae:

[11] milites iussi ad signa redire. ignominiae causa uti semestre stipendium in eum annum esset ei legioni, decretum: qui miles ad exercitum non redisset, eum ipsum bonaque eius vendere consul iussus.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.23 focus

[1]

Rex cum non ¹ minore vexatione iumentorum hominumque quam venerat in Macedoniam rediit; Appium tamen ab obsidione Phanotes fama ducentis ad Stratum Persei summovit.

[2] Cleuas cum praesidio impigrorum iuvenum insecutus sub radicibus prope inviis montium ² ad mille hominum ex agmine impedito occidit, ad ducentos cepit.

[3] Appius superatis angustiis in campo quem Meleona vocant stativa dierum paucorum habuit. interim Cleuas assumpto Philostrato, qui quingentos ex ³ Epirotarum gente habebat, in agrum Antigonensem transcendit. ⁴ Macedones ad depopulationem profecti;

[4] Philostratus⁵ cum cohorte sua in insidiis loco ⁶ obscuro consedit. in palatos populatores cum erupissent ab Antigonea armati, ⁷ fugientes eos persequentes effusius in vallem insessam ab hostibus praecipitant.

[5] ibi ad mille ⁸ occisis, centum ferme captis, et ubique prospere gesta re prope stativa Appi castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit.

[6] Appius nequiquam in his locis terens tempus, dimissis Chaonum Thesprotorumque ⁹ et si qui alii Epirotae erant praesidiis, cum Italicis militibus in Illyricum regressus, per Parthinorum ¹⁰ socias urbes in hiberna militibus divisis, ¹¹ ipse Romam sacrificii causa redit.

[7] Perseus ex Penestarum gente mille pedites, ducentos equites revocatos Cassandream, praesidio ut essent, misit.

[8] Ab Gentio eadem adferentes redierunt. nec deinde alios atque alios mittendo temptare eum destitit, cum appareret, quantum in eo praesidii esset, nec tamen impetrare ab animo posset, ut impensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti faceret.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 40.41 focus

[1]

consules ambo in Ligures exercitus induxerunt diversis ¹ partibus.

[2] Postumius prima et tertia legione Ballistam Suismontiumque montes obsedit et premendo praesidiis angustos saltus eorum commeatus interclusit inopiaque omnium rerum eos perdomuit.

[3] Fulvius secunda et quarta legione adortus a Pisis Apuanos Ligures, qui eorum circa Macram fluvium incolebant, in deditionem acceptos, ad septem milia hominum, in naves inpositos praeter oram Etrusci maris Neapolim transmisit.

[4] inde in Samnium traducti, agerque iis inter populares datus est.

[5] montanorum Ligurum ab A. Postumio vineae caesae frumentaque deusta, donec cladibus omnibus belli coacti in deditionem venerunt armaque tradiderunt.

[6] navibus inde Postumius ad visendam oram Ingaunorum Intemeliorumque Ligurum processit.

[7] priusquam hi consules venirent ad exercitum, qui Pisas indictus erat, praeerant ² A. Postumius * frater Q. Fulvi M. Fulvius Nobilior —

[8] secundae legionis [Fulvius] tribunos militum is erat.—mensibus suis dimisit legionem, iure iurando adactis centurionibus, aes in aerarium ad quaestores esse delaturos.

[9] hoc ubi Placentiam—nam eo forte erat profectus—Aulo nuntiatum est, cum equitibus expeditis secutus dimissos, quos eorum potuit adsequi, reduxit castigatos Pisas, de ceteris consulem certiorem fecit.

[10] eo referente senatus consultum factum est, ut M. Fulvius in Hispaniam relegaretur ultra novam Carthaginem, litteraeque ei datae sunt a consule ad P. Manlium in Hispaniam ulteriorem deferendae;

[11] milites iussi ad ³ signa redire. ignominiae causa uti semestre stipendium in eum annum esset ei legioni decretum; qui miles ad exercitum non redisset, eum ipsum bonaque eius vendere consul iussus.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 40.41 focus

[1]

Both the consuls led their armies into Liguria, but on different sides.

[2] Postumius, with the first and third legions, invested the mountains of Balista and Suismontium; and, by securing the narrow passes leading thereto with guards, cut off all supplies of provisions; and by want of every thing he reduced them to an entire obedience.

[3] Fulvius, with the second and fourth legions, marched from Pisae against the Apuan Ligurians; and having received the submission of that part of them which inhabited the banks of the river Macra, he put them, to the number of seven thousand men, on board ships, and sent them along the Etrurian coast to Neapolis, from whence they were

[4] conducted into Samnium, and lands were assigned to them among their countrymen.

[5] The vineyards of the Ligurians of the mountains were cut down and their corn burnt by Aulus Postumius, until, compelled by all the calamities of war, they surrendered and delivered up their arms. From thence Postumius proceeded, by sea, to visit the coast of the Ingaunian and Intemelian tribes.

[6] Before these consuls joined the army which had been ordered to meet at Pisae, Aulus Postumius, and a

[7] brother of Quintus Fulvius, Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, had the command of it. Fulvius was military tribune of the second legion.

[8] He in his months ¹ of command disbanded the legion, after obliging the

[9] centurions to swear, that they would carry the money in their hands to the treasury, and deliver it to the quaestors. When this was announced to Aulus at Placentia, to which place he happened to have made an excursion, he set out with some light horsemen, in quest of the disbanded men; and such

[10] as he could overtake, he sharply rebuked and brought back to Pisae, and then apprised the consul of the whole matter. When he laid the business before the senate, a decree was passed that Marcus Fulvius should be banished into that part of Spain beyond New Carthage; and a letter was given him by the consul, to be carried into Farther Spain, to Publius Manlius. The soldiers were ordered to return to their standards; and

[11] it was decreed, that, as a mark of disgrace, that' legion should, for that year, receive but half a year's pay. The consul was likewise ordered to sell the person and property of every soldier who should not return to the army.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 40.41 focus

[1]

The two consuls advanced against the Ligurians by different routes.

[2] Postumius with the first and third legions closed round the mountains of Ballista and Suismontium, and posted detachments to block the passes. By thus cutting off their supplies and reducing them to complete destitution, he brought them to terms.

[3] Fulvius moved out from Pisae with the second and fourth legions, and marched against those of the Apuani who dwelt round the Macra, and after receiving their surrender placed some 7000 of them on board ship and sailing along the Etruscan coast landed them at Neapolis. From there they were transported to Samnium, and land was assigned to them amongst their own countrymen.

[4] The Ligurians who dwelt in the mountains had their vineyards cut

[5] down and their corn crops burnt by A. Postumius, until after suffering all the miseries of war they were compelled to submit and give up their arms.

[6] From there Postumius sailed on a tour of inspection along the coast occupied by the Ingauni and Intemelii.

[7] Before the new consuls joined the army which was to assemble at Pisae, A. Postumius remained in command. M. Fulvius Nobilior, brother of Q. Fulvius, who was a military tribune in the

[8] second legion, during his two months of office, disbanded the legion, having first exacted an oath from the centurions that they would carry the unexpended soldiers' pay back to the quaestors who had charge of the treasury.

[9] As soon as Aulus heard of this at Placentia, where he happened to be at the time, he followed the disbanded soldiers, and those whom he caught he sternly rebuked and took them back to Pisae, and sent word to the consul about the others.

[10] The consul laid the matter before the senate, and they passed a resolution that M. Fulvius should be relegated to a part of Spain beyond New Carthage, and a letter was handed to him by the consul to be given to P. Manlius in Further Spain.

[11] The soldiers were ordered to rejoin their standards; and in the case of any soldier who did not return to the army, the consul received orders to sell him as a slave and all his goods. In consequence of their disgraceful conduct, it was decreed that this legion should only receive half the year's pay.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. B.C. 180

2. The text and the meaning are alike uncertain. By hi consules one would infer that A. Postumius and Q. Fulvius were meant, but just below A. Postumius is named as the commander of troops at Pisa which belonged to the army of Q. Fulvius. Possibly hi consoles venirent should have been singular, referring to Fulvius, and the meaning is that Postumius preceded Fulvius to the province and assumed command temporarily of both consular armies. It is also possible that the name A. Postumius in this sentence is an error, or that another man of the name is meant, whom Livy fails to distinguish from the consul. If it is the consul, he took emergency action, notified the proper commander (Fulvius) of the troops concerned, and then proposed the exile of Nobilior.

3. The brother of either Q. Fulvius Flaccus —the consul of 180 B.C. or the consul of 179 B.C., who was at this time still in Spain or on the way back 8 —should have had the cognomen Flaccus, unless he had been adopted by some Fulvius Nobilior, and of such an adoption there is no record. There is moreover no Q. Fulvius Nobilior known to have lived at this time. One naturally assumes from Livy's language here that Q. Fulvii refers to the consul of 180 B.C., but no brother Marcus is mentioned elsewhere. The consul of 179 B.C. had a brother Marcus (xxx. 4 above), but it is not likely that after serving in some unspecified capacity under his brother in Spain in 181 B.C. he should have served as military tribune under his cousin in 180 B.C. in Italy. The consul of 179 B.C., during his censorship in 174 B.C., expelled from the senate his own brother, and Valerius Maximus (II. vii. 5, repeated by Frontinus, Strat. IV. i. 31) asserts that the degradation was due to the discharge of a legion of which he was military tribune. The brother is called simply Fulvius, with no praenomen. Livy (XLI. xxvii. 2) and Velleius (I. x. 6) likewise refer to the expulsion, the former calling the brother L. Fulvius and the latter Cn. Fulvius; neither gives any explanation of the censor's action. The evidence therefore is so contradictory as to produce hopeless confusion. All one can say is that at this time Livy apparently thought that the tribune was the brother of the consul under whom he served. In this connection, I believe that it has not been pointed out that the other censor of 174 B.C. was the other consul of 180 B.C., who, in sect. 10 below, procured the banishment of Nobilior. Perhaps he was actually more responsible than his colleague for the degradation. The cognomen Nobilior remains unexplained on any hypothesis.

4. The six tribunes in each legion rotated in the command of the entire legion.

5. This must be the portion of the pay which had not yet been distributed to the troops: cf. sect. 11 below.

6. B.C. 180

7. This is one of the earliest examples of relegatio.

8. The punishment of the soldiers seems relatively too severe, since in general they followed the instructions of presumably competent authority. The action of Nobilior, so far as one can judge, was entirely irregular, even if it was not technically illegal: probably no one had ever considered such an offence as possible and had prescribed no penalty. But the text of the entire chapter is so uncertain that one cannot feel sure that the episode is clearly and correctly interpreted.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 40.41

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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