Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor), 39.24

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[1] By these means the anger of the king against the Romans was temporarily assuaged. Never, however, did he relax his attention to the assembling in time of peace of strength which, whenever the chance should be given, he could use in time of war.¹

[2] He not only increased the revenues of his kingdom from the farm crops and the harbour duties, but also reopened old mines long disused and began operations on new ones in many² places.

[3] But that he might restore the ancient population, which had been lost in the calamities of war, he did not merely look to the natural increase of the people, by requiring all to beget and rear children, but

[4] he had transferred a great number of Thracians to Macedonia as well, being for some time free from wars and devoting all his thought to increasing the resources of his kingdom.

[5] Then causes recurred which aroused anew his anger against the Romans. The complaints of the Thessalians and the Perrhaebians with regard to their

[6] cities which were in his hands and those of the envoys of King Eumenes with regard to his violent occupation of the Thracian towns and the transfer of the population to Macedonia had been so received that it was plainly evident that they would not be ignored.³

[7] The senate had been especially moved by the fact that they had heard that he now coveted the possession of Aenus and Maronea; they were less concerned about the Thessalians.

[8] Athamanian ambassadors had also arrived, complaining, not of the occupation of part of their kingdom or of the loss of territory, but that all Athamania had come under the sovereignty and sway of the king;⁴ exiles of the Maroneans had also come, expelled because they had defended the cause of liberty against the king's garrison: they brought the news that not only Maronea but also Aenus was in the power of

[9] Philip.⁵ Ambassadors too from Philip had⁶ come to clear him on these counts, and they asserted that he had done nothing except with the consent of the Roman

[10] generals:⁷ the cities of the Thessalians and Perrhaebians and Magnesians and the people of the Athamanians, including Amynander, had been in the same situation as the

[11] Aetolians; after the defeat of King Antiochus the consul, kept busy with besieging the Aetolian cities, had sent Philip to recover the above-mentioned places; subdued by arms, they now obeyed

[12] him. The senate, in order not to reach any decision in the absence of the king, sent as commissioners to settle these disputes Quintus Caecilius Metellus, Marcus Baebius Tamphilus, Tiberius

[13] Sempronius.⁸ On their arrival at Thessalian Tempe all the states which had matters of dispute with the king were summoned to a council.

Ab urbe condita. Titus Livius (Livy). Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor). Medford, MA. .

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

History of Rome (English) (Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Sage, Evan T.; Schlesinger, Alfred C., translators. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959. (Loeb Classical Library))

Editions (3)

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.) — 39.24 focus

[1] his sedata in praesentia regis ira in Romanos est. numquam tamen remisit animum a colligendis in pace viribus, quibus, quandoque data fortuna esset, ad bellum uteretur.

[2] vectigalia regni non fructibus tantum agrorum portoriisque maritimis auxit, sed metalla etiam et vetera intermissa recoluit et nova multis locis instituit.

[3] ut vero antiquam multitudinem hominum, quae belli cladibus amissa erat, restitueret, non subolem tantum stirpis parabat cogendis omnibus procreare atque educare liberos,

[4] sed Thracum etiam magnam multitudinem in Macedoniam traduxerat, quietusque aliquamdiu a bellis omni cura in augendas regni opes intentus fuerat.

[5] rediere deinde causae, quae de integro iram moverent in Romanos.

[6] Thessalorum et Perrhaeborum querellae de urbibus suis ab eo possessis, et legatorum Eumenis regis de Thraciis oppidis per vim occupatis traductaque in Macedoniam multitudine, ita auditae erant, ut eas non neglegi satis appareret. maxime moverat senatum,

[7] quod iam Aeni et Maroneae adfectari possessionem audierant; minus Thessalos curabant.

[8] Athamanes quoque venerant legati, non partis amissae, non finium iacturam querentes, sed totam Athamaniam sub ius iudiciumque regis venisse; et Maronitarum exsules venerant,

[9] pulsi, quia libertatis causam defendissent ab regio praesidio: ii non Maroneam modo sed etiam Aenum in potestate narrabant esse Philippi.

[10] venerant et a Philippo legati ad purganda ea, qui nihil nisi permissu Romanorum imperatorum factum adfirmabant:

[11] civitates Thessalorum et Perrhaeborum et Magnetum et cum Amynandro Athamanum gentem in eadem causa qua Aetolos fuisse;

[12] Antiocho rege pulso occupatum oppugnandis Aetolicis urbibus consulem ad recipiendas eas civitates Philippum misisse;

[13] armis subactos parere. senatus, ne quid absente rege statueret, legatos ad eas controversias disceptandas misit Q. Caecilium Metellum M. Baebium Tamphilum Ti. Sempronium.

[14] quorum sub adventum ad Thessalica Tempe omnibus iis civitatibus, quibus cum rege disceptatio erat, concilium indictum est.

Ab urbe condita Perseus (Livy in Fourteen Volumes. Foster, Benjamin Oliver; Moore, Frank Gardener; Schlesinger, Alfred C., editors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919-1959 (printing).) — 43.23 focus

[1]

Rex cum non ¹ minore vexatione iumentorum hominumque quam venerat in Macedoniam rediit; Appium tamen ab obsidione Phanotes fama ducentis ad Stratum Persei summovit.

[2] Cleuas cum praesidio impigrorum iuvenum insecutus sub radicibus prope inviis montium ² ad mille hominum ex agmine impedito occidit, ad ducentos cepit.

[3] Appius superatis angustiis in campo quem Meleona vocant stativa dierum paucorum habuit. interim Cleuas assumpto Philostrato, qui quingentos ex ³ Epirotarum gente habebat, in agrum Antigonensem transcendit. ⁴ Macedones ad depopulationem profecti;

[4] Philostratus⁵ cum cohorte sua in insidiis loco ⁶ obscuro consedit. in palatos populatores cum erupissent ab Antigonea armati, ⁷ fugientes eos persequentes effusius in vallem insessam ab hostibus praecipitant.

[5] ibi ad mille ⁸ occisis, centum ferme captis, et ubique prospere gesta re prope stativa Appi castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit.

[6] Appius nequiquam in his locis terens tempus, dimissis Chaonum Thesprotorumque ⁹ et si qui alii Epirotae erant praesidiis, cum Italicis militibus in Illyricum regressus, per Parthinorum ¹⁰ socias urbes in hiberna militibus divisis, ¹¹ ipse Romam sacrificii causa redit.

[7] Perseus ex Penestarum gente mille pedites, ducentos equites revocatos Cassandream, praesidio ut essent, misit.

[8] Ab Gentio eadem adferentes redierunt. nec deinde alios atque alios mittendo temptare eum destitit, cum appareret, quantum in eo praesidii esset, nec tamen impetrare ab animo posset, ut impensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti faceret.

Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn Perseus (Weissenborn, W.; Müller, H. J., editors. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1873-1883.) — 39.24 focus

[1]

his sedata in praesentia regis ira in Romanos est. numquam tamen remisit animum a colligendis in pace viribus, quibus, quandoque data fortuna esset, ad bellum uteretur.

[2] vectigalia regni non fructibus tantum agrorum portoriisque maritimis auxit, sed metalla etiam et vetera intermissa recoluit et nova multis locis instituit.

[3] ut vero antiquam multitudinem hominum, quae belli cladibus amissa erat, restitueret, non subolem tantum stirpis parabat cogendis omnibus procreare atque educare liberos,

[4] sed Thracum etiam magnam multitudinem in Macedoniam traduxerat quietusque aliquamdiu a bellis omni cura in augendas regni opes intentus fuerat.

[5] rediere deinde causae, quae de integro iram moverent in ¹ Romanos.

[6] Thessalorum et Perrhaeborum querellae de urbibus suis ab eo possessis et legatorum Eumenis regis de Thraciis oppidis per vim occupatis traductaque in Macedoniam multitudine ita auditae erant, ut eas non neglegi satis adpareret.

[7] maxime moverat senatum, quod iam Aeni et Maroneae adfectari possessionem audierant;

[8] minus Thessalos curabant. Athamanes quoque venerant legati, non partis amissae, non finium iacturam querentes, sed totam Athamaniam sub ius iudiciumque regis venisse;

[9] et Maronitarum exules venerant pulsi, quia libertatis causam defendissent ab regio praesidio; ii non Maroneam modo, sed etiam Aenum in potestate narrabant esse Philippi.

[10] venerant et a Philippo legati ad purganda ea, qui nihil nisi permissu Romanorum imperatorum factum adfirmabant:

[11] civitates Thessalorum et Perrhaeborum et Magnetum et cum Amynandro Athamanum gentem in eadem causa qua Aetolos fuisse;

[12] Antiocho rege pulso occupatum obpugnandis Aetolicis urbibus consulem ad recipiendas eas civitates Philippum misisse;

[13] armis subactos parere. senatus ne quid absente rege statueret, legatos ad eas controversias disceptandas misit Q. Caecilium Metellum M. Baebium Tamphilum Ti. Sempronium .

[14] ² quorum sub adventum ad Thessalica Tempe omnibus iis civitatibus, quibus cum rege disceptatio erat, concilium indictum est.

Translations (2)

History of Rome Perseus (Spillan, D.; Edmonds, Cyrus; McDevitte, William A., translators. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1849-1868. (Bohn's Classical Library)) — 39.24 focus

[1]

By these means the king's wrath against the Romans was appeased for the present; but he never abandoned the project of collecting such a force during peace, as would enable him to maintain a war, whenever the fortunate occasion should be offered.

[2] He augmented the revenues of his kingdom, not only out of the produce of the lands and the port duties, but also he worked the mines, both the old ones which had been neglected, and new ones which he opened in many places.

[3] Then, (in order to restore the former degree of population, which had been diminished by the calamities of war,) he not only caused an increase in the offspring of that generation, by compelling every one

[4] to marry and rear children, but he transplanted a great multitude of Thracians into Macedonia, and, during a long suspension of arms, he employed the utmost assiduity in augmenting, by every possible means, the strength of his kingdom.

[5] Causes afterward occurred, which served to revive his animosity against the Romans.

[6] Complaints made by the Thessalians and Perrhae- bians, of his holding possession of their towns, and, by ambassadors from king Eumenes, of his having forcibly seized the cities of Thrace, and transplanted great numbers of their people into Macedonia, had been received in such a manner as plainly evinced that they were not thought unworthy of attention.

[7] What made the greatest impression on the senate, was, their having been informed, that Philip aimed at the possession of Aenus and Maronea; as to the Thessalians, they regarded them less.

[8] Ambassadors came, likewise, from the Athamanians, complaining not of the loss of a part of their territory, nor of encroachment on their frontier, —but that all Athamania had been brought under the dominion and jurisdiction of the king.

[9] Exiles from Maronea also appeared, who had been expelled by the king's troops, for having supported the cause of liberty; who reported, that not only Maronea, but Aenus too, was held in subjection by him.

[10] Ambassadors came from Philip to defend his conduct, who asserted, that, nothing had been done without permission from the Roman commanders.

[11] That

the states of the Thessalians, Perrhaebians, and Magnesians, and the nation of the Athamanians, with Amynander, had all been engaged in the same cause with the Aetolians.

[12]

That after the expulsion of king Antiochus, the consul, being himself busy in reducing the towns of $Etolia, had named Philip to subdue those states, and they remained subject to him in consequence of their being conquered by his arms.

[13] The senate, too, that they might not make any decision concerning the king in his absence, sent Quintus Caecilius Metellus, Marcus Baebius Tamphilus, and Tiberius Sempronius, ambassadors to adjust those disputes.

[14] Previous to their arrival, a convention of all those states who had disputes with the king, was summoned to meet at Tempe in Thessaly.

History of Rome Perseus (Volumes 1-2. Roberts, Canon, Rev, translator. London, New York: J. M. Dent and Sons; E. P. Dutton and Co., 1912.) — 39.24 focus

[1]

These successes for the time being allayed the king's anger against the Romans. Never, however, was his attention diverted from amassing a force during the years of peace which he could, whenever a favourable opportunity presented itself make use of in war.

[2] He raised the taxes which were levied on agricultural produce and increased the amount of the import and export duties; he also re-opened old and disused gold and silver mines and started new ones.

[3] In order to make good the loss of population caused by his wars, he made provision for fresh growths from the stock by compelling all his subjects to marry and bring up children.

[4] He further transported a large body of Thracians into Macedonia, and in these ways, during all the time he was undisturbed by alarms of war, he devoted all his thoughts and care to increasing the power and resources of his realm.

[5] Then fresh incidents occurred to rekindle his indignation against the Romans.

[6] The Thessalians and Perrhaebians protested against his retaining possession of their cities; envoys from Eumenes complained of the forcible occupation of towns in Thrace and the removal of the population into Macedonia. The reception given to these remonstrances made it clear that they would not be ignored.

[7] What created the deepest impression on the senate was the information they had received that he was contemplating the seizure of Aenus and Maronea; they were less interested in the Thessalians.

[8] Delegates also appeared from Athamania, the burden of whose complaint was not the loss of a part of their country but the subjection of the whole of Athamania to the power and rule of the king.

[9] Some Maronite refugees were present who had been expelled because they had tried to defend their liberty against the king's garrison. They declared that not only Maronea but Aenus also was in Philip's power. Envoys came from Philip to defend him against these charges.

[10] They affirmed that nothing had been done without the sanction of the Roman generals;

[11] that the cities of the Thessalians and Perrhaebians and Magnetes, as well as the people of Athamania with their king Amynander, were in the same case as the Aetolians.

[12] For when after the expulsion of Antiochus the consul was engaged in the reduction of the cities of Aetolia, he sent Philip to take the cities in question; they were his by the rights of war.

[13] The senate would not come to any decision in the king's absence, and accordingly they sent Q. Caecilius, M Baebius Tamphilus and Ti. Sempronius, as special commissioners, to settle the dispute.

[14] Previous to their arrival, notice was sent to all the cities concerned that a council would be convened at Tempe in Thessaly.

Notes on the current edition

Ab Urbe Condita With An English Translation, books 1-10, 21-45, with periochae 11-20

1. The true story of the alienation of Philip after the reconciliation during the war with Antiochus would be interesting and revealing. We cannot, however, expect to find it in Livy, and the narrative of Polybius is too fragmentary to be very helpful.

2. B.C. 185

3. The dangers attending Rome's policy in the east are here manifest. The adversity of one eastern power inevitably meant the prosperity of another, and constant vigilance on Rome's part was necessary to ensure the maintenance of any equilibrium. The fact that there was now no considerable Greek power made the

liberation

of the Greeks more and more a farce and prevented the Romans from developing a Greek state which could check Philip in Europe as Eumenes checked Antiochus in Asia.

4. This embassy must have antedated the recovery of Athamania by Amynander (XXXVIII. i. l 9 —iii. 2), unless Philip had again expelled him, and of this there is no record.

5. The various events which inspired these complaints had extended over a considerable period of time, but may have been forced upon Rome's attention simultaneously. One can picture the bewilderment of the senate, forced to listen to contradictory arguments and decide claims on the basis of justice plus diplomatic policy, and being, probably, none too familiar with the Greek language.

6. B.C. 185

7. The negotiations between the Roman commanders Baebius and Acilius and the king had been conducted in haste, under the pressure of war-time conditions, and had probably never been given definiteness by statement in written form. It is by no means impossible that a liberal interpretation justified Philip in keeping what he had gained and that the Roman problem at this time was how to take away, while avoiding making Philip an enemy, what their generals had so generously and thoughtlessly given.

8. Metellus is probably the consul of 206 B.C., Baebius the praetor of 192 B.C. who had co-operated with Philip in the early campaigns against Antiochus, Sempronius probably the tribune of 187 B.C.

Titus Livius (Livy) Ab urbe condita 39.24

Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D. (Editor), Frank Gardener Moore (Editor), Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. (Editor), Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D. (Editor)

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