ια′ περὶ τοῦ κριτηρίου τῆς σκεπτικῆς.

[21] ὅτι δὲ τοῖς φαινομένοις προσέχομεν, δῆλον ἀπὸ τῶν λεγομένων ἡμῖν περὶ τοῦ κριτηρίου τῆς σκεπτικῆς ἀγωγῆς. κριτήριον δὲ λέγεται διχῶς, τό τε εἰς πίστιν ὑπάρξεως ἢ ἀνυπαρξέας λαμβανόμενον, περὶ οὗ ἐν τῷ ἀντιρρητικῷ λέξομεν
λόγῳ (= ΙΙ 14 sqq.), τό τε τοῦ πράσσειν, ᾧ προσέχοντες κατὰ τὸν βίον τὰ μὲν πράσσομεν τὰ δ’ οὔ, περὶ οὖ νῦν λέγομεν.

[22] κριτήριον τοίνυν φαμὲν εἶναι τῆς σκεπτικῆς ἀγωγῆς τὸ φαινόμενον, δυνάμει τὴν φαντασίαν οὕτω καλοῦντες· ¹ 7 ἐν πείσει γὰρ καὶ ἀβουλήτῳ πάθει κειμένη ἀζήτητός ἐστιν. διὸ περὶ μὲν τοῦ φαίνεσθαι τοῖον ἢ τοῖον τὸ ὑποκείμενον
οὐδεὶς ἴσως ἀμφισβητήσει, περὶ δὲ τοῦ εἰ τοιοῦτον ἔστιν ὁποῖον φαίνεται ζητεῖται.

[23] τοῖς φαινομένοις οὖν προσέχοντες κατὰ τὴν βιωτικὴν τήρησιν ἀδοξάστως βιοῦμεν, ἐπεὶ μὴ δυνάμεθα ἀνενέργητοι παντάπασιν εἶναι. ἔοικε
δὲ αὕτη ἡ βιωτικὴ τήρησις τετραμερὴς εἶναι καὶ τὸ μέν τι ἔχειν ἐν ὑφηγήσει φύσεως, τὸ δὲ ἐν ἀνάγκῃ παθῶν, τὸ δὲ ἐν παραδόσει νόμων τε καὶ ἐθῶν, τὸ δὲ ἐν διδασκαλίᾳ τεχνῶν, ὑφηγήσει μὲν φυσικῇ

[24] καθ᾿ ἣν
φυσικῶς αἰσθητικοὶ καὶ νοητικοί ἐσμεν, παθῶν δὲ ἀνάγκῃ καθ᾿ ἣν λιμὸς μὲν ἐπὶ τροφὴν ἡμᾶς ὁδηγεῖ, δίψος δ᾿ ἐπὶ πόμα, ἐθῶν δὲ καὶ νόμων παραδόσει καθ’ ἣν τὸ μὲν εὐσεβεῖν παραλαμβάνομεν βιωτικῶς ὡς ἀγαθὸν τὸ δὲ ἀσεβεῖν ὡς φαῦλον, τεχνῶν δὲ διδασκαλίᾳ καθ᾿ ἣν οὐκ ἀνενέργητοί ἐσμεν ἐν
αἷς παραλαμβάνομεν τέχναις. ταῦτα δὲ πάντα φαμὲν ἀδοξάστως.

Pyrrhoniae Hypotyposes. Sextus Empiricus. ed. Hermann Mutschmann. Germany. 2014.

Current edition First1KGreek

Pyrrhoniae Hypotyposes (Greek) (Sextus Empiricus. Sexti Empiricii Opera, Volume 1. Mutschmann, Hermann, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1912.)

Translations (1)

Outlines of Pyrrhonism First1KGreek (Sextus Empiricus, Vol. 1. Bury, Robert Gregg, translator. London: William Heinemann Ltd.; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1933.) — 1.11 focus

Chapter XI.—Of The Criterion of Scepticism

[21] That we adhere to appearances is plain from what we say about the Criterion of the Sceptic School. The word ‟Criterion” is used in two senses: in the one it means ‟the standard regulating belief in reality or unreality,” (and this we shall discuss in our refutation¹); in the other it denotes the standard of action by conforming to which in the conduct of life we perform some actions and abstain from others; and it is of the latter that we are now speaking.

[22] The criterion, then, of the Sceptic School is, we say, the appearance, giving this name to what is virtually the sense-presentation. For since this lies in feeling and involuntary affection, it is not open to question. Consequently, no one, I suppose, disputes that the underlying object has this or that appearance; the point in dispute is whether the object is in reality such as it appears to be.

[23] Adhering, then, to appearances we live in accordance with the normal rules of life, undogmatically, seeing that we cannot remain wholly inactive.² And it would seem that this regulation of life is fourfold, and that one part of it lies in the guidance of Nature, another in the constraint of the passions, another in the tradition of laws and customs, another in the instruction of the arts.

[24] Nature’s guidance is that by which we are naturally capable of sensation and thought; constraint of the passions is that whereby hunger drives us to food and thirst to drink; tradition of customs and laws, that whereby we regard piety in the conduct of life as good, but impiety as evil; instruction of the arts, that whereby we are not inactive in such arts as we adopt. But we make all these statements undogmatically.

Notes on the current edition

Pyrrhoniae hypotyposes

1. 1 ἀναιροῦσι om. EAB 3 παθητικὴν LMT (fantasiam passibilem) : παθητικὰ EAB 4 ἄγοντας EAB 10 μὲν addidi
τὸ add. coll. v. 8 || καὶ ἄντικρυς om. T 14 τὸ φαινόμενον EAB Gen. 19 αὐτῶν L 24 οὖν EAB 26/27 λέγομεν κρτήριον εἷναι· φαμὲν εἶναι περὶ τῆς σκ. EAB 28 <αὐτοῦ> οὕτω Fabr. e codice Saviliano

Sextus Empiricus Pyrrhoniae Hypotyposes 1.11

ed. Hermann Mutschmann

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ια′ περὶ τοῦ κριτηρίου τῆς σκεπτικῆς.

Current edition First1KGreek

Chapter XI.—Of The Criterion of Scepticism

Notes on the current edition

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