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[1] The city [ polis] of Delphi, both the sacred [ hieros] enclosure [ peribolos] of Apollo and the city generally, presents a sloping configuration [ skhēma] in its entirety. The enclosure is very large and is on the highest part of the city. Passages run through it, contiguous with one another. I will make mention [ mnēmē] of those votive offerings [ anathēmata] that seemed to me most worth talking-about [ logos].

Votive Offerings At Delphi

[2] The athletes and competitors [ agōnistai] in the art-of-the-Muses [ mousikē], whom the majority of humankind have neglected, are, I think, not worth the serious effort it would take to account for them. As for the athletes who have left some glory [ doxa] behind them, I have featured [ dēloûn] them in my account [ logos] with regard to Elis. As for Phaülos of Kroton,there is a statue of him at Delphi. He won no victory at Olympia, but his victories at Pythō [= Delphi] were two in the pentathlon and one in the foot race. He also fought at sea against the Persian, in a ship of his own, equipped by himself and manned by citizens of Kroton who were residing in Greece.

[3] Such is the story of the athlete of Kroton. On entering the enclosure, you come to a bronze bull, a votive offering of the Corcyraeans made by proposTheopropos of Aegina. The story is that in Corcyra, a bull, leaving the cows, would go down from the pasture and bellow on the shore. As the same thing happened every day, the herdsman went down to the sea and saw a countless number of tunas.

[4] He reported the matter to the Corcyraeans, who, finding their labor lost in trying to catch the tunas, sent envoys [ theōroi] to Delphi. So they sacrificed [ thuein] the bull to Poseidon, and right after the sacrifice [ thusiā], they caught the fish and dedicated their offering [ anathēma] at Olympia and at Delphi with a tithe of their catch.

[5] Next-in-sequence [ ephexēs] to this are offerings [ anathēmata] of the people of Tegean from spoils talen from the Lacedaemonians: an Apollo; a Victory [Nīkē]; the local [ epikhōrioi] heroes [ hērōes]; Kallistōdaughter of Lykaon; Arkas, who gave Arcadia its name; the sons of Arkas, who areElatos, Apheidas, and Azan;, and also Triphylos. The mother of this Triphylos was not Eratō, but Laodameia, the daughter of Amyklas, king of Lacedaemon. There is also dedicated [ ana-keisthai] a statue of Erasos, son of Triphylos.

[6] They who made the statues [ agalmata] are as follows: the Apollo and the Kallisto were made by Pausanias of Apollonia; the Victory [ Nīkē] and the likeness [ eikōn] of Arkas, by Daidalos of Sikyon; Triphylos and Azan, by Samolas the Arcadian; Elatos, Apheidas, and Erasos, by Antiphanes of Argos. These offerings were sent by the people of Tegea to Delphi after they captured as prisoners the Lacedaemonians that attacked their city.

[7] Facing these are offerings [ anathēmata] of the Lacedaemonians that go back to [their victory over] the Athenians: the Dioskouroi; Zeus; Apollo; Artemis; and beside these, Poseidon; Lysanderson of Aristokritos, represented as being garlanded [ stephanoûsthai] by Poseidon; Agias, who acted-as-seer [ manteuein] to Lysander on the occasion of his [= Lysander’s] victory, and Hermōn, who steered his flag ship.

[8] This statue of Hermōn was not unexpectedly made by Theokosmos of Megara, who had been enrolled as a citizen of that city. The Dioskouroi were made by Antiphanes of Argos; the seer [ mantis] by Pison, from Kalaureia, in the territory of Troizen; the Artemis, Poseidon, and also Lysander by Dameas; the Apollo and Zeus by Athenodoros. The last two artists were Arcadians from Kleitor.

[9] Behind the offerings enumerated are statues of those who, whether Spartans or Spartan allies, assisted Lysander at Aigospotamoi. They are these:

Arakos of Lacedaemon; Erianthes a Boeotian … above Mimas, the place of origin for Astykrates; Kephisokles; Hermophantos, and Hikesios of Chios; Timarkhos and Diagoras of Rhodes; Theodamos of Knidos; Kimmerios of Ephesos and Aiantides of Miletus.

[10] These were made by Tisandros, but the next were made by Alypos of Sikyon, namely:

Theopompos of Myndos; Kleomedes of Samos; the two Euboeans Aristokles of Karystos and Autonomos of Eretria; Aristophantos of Corinth; Apollodoros of Troizen; and Dion from Epidaurus in Argolis. Next to these come the Achaean Axionikos from Pellene, Theares of Hermion, Pyrrhias of Phokis, Komon of Megara, Agasimenes of Sikyon, Telykrates of Leukas, Pythodotos of Corinth, and Euantidas of Ambrakia; last come the Lacedaemonians Epikydidas, and Eteonikos. These, they say, are works of Patroklēs and Kanakhos.

[11] The Athenians refuse to admit that their defeat at Aigospotamoi was fairly inflicted, maintaining that they were betrayed by Tydeus and Adeimantos, their generals, who had been bribed, they say, with money by Lysander. As a proof of this assertion, they quote the following oracle of the Sibyl [Sibulla]:

And then, upon the Athenians will be imposed grievous troubles that come with deep groaning
by Zeus the high thunderer, whose winning-power [ kratos] is the greatest.
He [= Zeus} will imposeon the warships battle and fighting,
as they are destroyed by treacherous tricks, through the baseness of the captains.

The other evidence that they quote is taken from the oracles of Musaeus:

For upon the Athenians comes a wild rain
through the baseness of their leaders, but some consolation will there be
for the defeat; they shall not escape the notice of the city but shall pay the penalty [ dikē].

[12] So much for this. The struggle for the district called Thyreā between the Lacedaemonians and the Argives was also foretold by the Sibyl [Sibulla], who said that the battle would be end in a draw. But the Argives claimed that they had the better of the engagement and sent to Delphi a bronze horse, supposed to be the wooden horse of Troy. It is the work of Antiphanes of Argos.

Description of Greece. Pausanias. ed. W. H. S. Jones, ed. H. A. Ormerod, ed. Gregory Nagy. . .

Current edition Experimental

English (Jones and Ormerod; retranslated Gregory Nagy, CHS, 2018) (OCR draft) (English) (CHS Pausanias Reader retranslation by Gregory Nagy, based on Jones and Ormerod, with marked Greek terms, notes, quotations, and bibliographic attributions preserved.)

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (1)

Ἑλλάδος Περιηγήσεως Perseus (Pausanias. Pausaniae Graeciae descriptio, Volumes 1-3. Spiro, Friedrich, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.) — 10.9 focus

[1]
Δελφοῖς δὲ ἡ πόλις ἄναντες διὰ πάσης παρέχεται σχῆμα, κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὲ τῇ πόλει τῇ ἄλλῃ καὶ ὁ ἱερὸς περίβολος τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος. οὗτος δὲ μεγέθει μέγας καὶ ἀνωτάτω τοῦ ἄστεώς ἐστι· τέτμηνται δὲ καὶ ἔξοδοι διʼ αὐτοῦ συνεχεῖς. ὁπόσα δὲ τῶν ἀναθημάτων εἶναί μοι λόγου μάλιστα ἄξια ἐφαίνετο, ποιησόμεθα
αὐτῶν μνήμην.

[2] ἀθλητὰς μὲν οὖν καὶ ὅσαι ἀγωνισταὶ μουσικῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῖς πλείοσιν ἐγίνοντο μετὰ οὐδενὸς λογισμοῦ, μετὰ τῆς οὐ πάνυ τι ἡγοῦμαι σπουδῆς ἀξίους· ἀθλητὰς δὲ ὁπόσοι τι καὶ ὑπελείποντο ἐς δόξαν, ἐν λόγῳ σφᾶς ἐδήλωσα τῷ ἐς Ἠλείους. Φαΰλῳ δὲ Κροτωνιάτῃ—Ὀλυμπίασι μὲν οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτῷ νίκη, τὰς δὲ Πυθοῖ πεντάθλου δύο ἀνείλετο καὶ σταδίου τὴν τρίτην· ἐναυμάχησε δὲ καὶ ἐναντία τοῦ Μήδου ναῦν τε παρασκευασάμενος οἰκείαν καὶ Κροτωνιατῶν ὁπόσοι ἐπεδήμουν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἀνεβίβασεν— τούτου ἐστὶν ἀνδριὰς ἐν Δελφοῖς. τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς τὸν Κροτωνιάτην οὕτως εἶχεν, ἐσελθόντι δὲ ἐς τὸ τέμενος

[3] χαλκοῦς ταῦρος τέχνη μὲν Θεοπρόπου ἐστὶν Αἰγινήτου, Κορκυραίων δὲ ἀνάθημα. λέγεται δὲ ὡς ταῦρος ἐν τῇ Κορκύρᾳ καταλιπὼν τὰς ἄλλας βοῦς καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς νομῆς κατερχόμενος ἐμυκᾶτο ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ· γινομένου δὲ ἐπὶ ἡμέρᾳ πάσῃ τοῦ αὐτοῦ κάτεισιν ἐπὶ θάλασσαν ὁ βουκόλος, καὶ εἶδεν ἰχθύων τῶν θύννων ἀτέκμαρτόν τι ἀριθμῷ πλῆθος.

[4] καὶ ὁ μὲν δῆλα τοῖς ἐν τῇ πόλει Κορκυραίοις ἐποίησεν· οἱ δὲ—ἑλεῖν γὰρ τοὺς θύννους προαιρούμενοι τὴν ἄλλως ταλαιπωρίαν εἶχον—θεωροὺς ἀποστέλλουσιν ἐς Δελφούς· καὶ οὕτω Ποσειδῶνί τε ἐκεῖνον θύουσι τὸν ταῦρον καὶ αὐτίκα μετὰ τὴν θυσίαν αἱροῦσι τοὺς ἰχθῦς, καί σφισι τὸ ἀνάθημα ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τε καὶ ἐν Δελφοῖς ἐστιν ἡ δεκάτη τῆς ἄγρας.

[5] ἐφεξῆς δὲ Τεγεατῶν ἀναθήματα ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων Ἀπόλλων ἐστὶ καὶ Νίκη καὶ οἱ ἐπιχώριοι τῶν ἡρώων, Καλλιστώ τε ἡ Λυκάονος καὶ 0 Ἀρκὰς ὁ ἐπώνυμος τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ τοῦ Ἀρκάδος παῖδες Ἔλατος καὶ Ἀφείδας καὶ Ἀζάν, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς Τρίφυλος· τούτῳ δὲ ἦν οὐκ Ἐρατὼ τῷ Τριφύλῳ μήτηρ, ἀλλὰ Λαοδάμεια ἡ Ἀμύκλα τοῦ ἐν Λακεδαίμονι βασιλεύσαντος· ἀνάκειται δὲ καὶ Ἔρασος Τριφύλου παῖς.

[6] οἱ δὲ εἰργασμένοι τὰ ἀγάλματα Παυσανίας ἐστὶν Ἀπολλωνιάτης, οὗτος μὲν τόν τε Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ Καλλιστώ, τὴν δὲ Νίκην καὶ τοῦ Ἀρκάδος τὴν εἰκόνα ὁ Σικυώνιος Δαίδαλος· Ἀντιφάνης δὲ Ἀργεῖος καὶ Σαμόλας Ἀρκάς, οὗτος μὲν τὸν Τρίφυλον καὶ Ἀζᾶνα, Ἔλατον δὲ καὶ Ἀφείδαντά τε καὶ Ἔρασον ὁ Ἀργεῖος. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ οἱ Τεγεᾶται ἔπεμψαν ἐς Δελφούς, Λακεδαιμονίους ὅτε ἐπὶ σφᾶς ἐστρατεύσαντο αἰχμαλώτους ἑλόντες·

[7] Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ τούτων ἀναθήματά ἐστιν ἀπʼ Ἀθηναίων Διόσκουροι καὶ Ζεὺς καὶ Ἀπόλλων τε καὶ Ἄρτεμις, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς Ποσειδῶν τε καὶ Λύσανδρος ὁ Ἀριστοκρίτου στεφανούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος, Ἀγίας τε ὃς τῷ Λυσάνδρῳ τότε ἐμαντεύετο καὶ Ἕρμων ὁ τὴν ναῦν τοῦ Λυσάνδρου τὴν στρατηγίδα κυβερνῶν.

[8] τοῦτον μὲν δὴ τὸν Ἕρμωνα Θεόκοσμος ποιήσειν ἔμελλεν ὁ Μεγαρεὺς ἅτε ὑπὸ τῶν Μεγαρέων ἐγγραφέντα ἐς τὴν πολιτείαν· οἱ δὲ Διόσκουροι Ἀντιφάνους εἰσὶν Ἀργείου καὶ ὁ μάντις τέχνη Πίσωνος ἐκ Καλαυρείας τῆς Τροιζηνίων· Ἀθηνόδωρος δὲ καὶ Δαμέας, ὁ μὲν τὴν Ἄρτεμίν τε καὶ Ποσειδῶνα εἰργάσατο, ἔτι δὲ τὸν Λύσανδρον, Ἀθηνόδωρος δὲ τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα ἐποίησε καὶ τὸν Δία·

[9] οὗτοι δὲ Ἀρκάδες εἰσὶν ἐκ Κλείτορος. ἀνάκεινται δὲ 0 καὶ ὄπισθεν τῶν κατειλεγμένων ὅσοι συγκατειργάσαντο τῷ Λυσάνδρῳ τὰ ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς ἢ αὐτῶν Σπαρτιατῶν ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν συμμαχησάντων, εἰσὶ δὲ οἵδε· Ἄρακος μὲν καὶ Ἐριάνθης, ὁ μὲν αὐτῶν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, ὁ δὲ Ἐριάνθης Βοιώτιος ὑπὲρ τοῦ Μίμαντος, ἐντεῦθεν μὲν Ἀστυκράτης, Χῖοι δὲ Κηφισοκλῆς καὶ Ἑρμόφαντός τε καὶ Ἱκέσιος, Τίμαρχος δὲ καὶ Διαγόρας Ῥόδιοι, Κνίδιος δὲ Θεόδαμος, ἐκ δὲ Ἐφέσου Κιμμέριος, καὶ Μιλήσιος Αἰαντίδης.

[10] τούτους μὲν δὴ ἐποίησε Τίσανδρος, τοὺς δὲ ἐφεξῆς Ἄλυπος Σικυώνιος, Θεόπομπον Μύνδιον καὶ Κλεομήδην Σάμιον καὶ ἐξ Εὐβοίας Ἀριστοκλέα τε Καρύστιον καὶ Αὐτόνομον Ἐρετριέα καὶ Ἀριστόφαντον Κορίνθιον καὶ Ἀπολλόδωρον Τροιζήνιον καὶ ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου Δίωνα τῆς ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι. ἐχόμενοι δὲ τούτων Ἀξιόνικός ἐστιν Ἀχαιὸς ἐκ Πελλήνης, ἐκ δὲ Ἑρμιόνος Θεάρης, καὶ Φωκεύς τε Πυρρίας καὶ Κώμων Μεγαρεὺς καὶ Ἀγασιμένης Σικυώνιος, ἐκ δὲ Ἀμβρακίας καὶ Κορίνθου τε καὶ Λευκάδος Τηλυκράτης καὶ Πυθόδοτος Κορίνθιος καὶ Ἀμβρακιώτης Εὐαντίδας· τελευτᾷ δὲ Ἐπικυδίδας καὶ Ἐτεόνικος οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι· Πατροκλέους δὲ καὶ Κανάχου φασὶν ἔργα.

[11] τὴν δὲ πληγὴν Ἀθηναῖοι τὴν ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς οὐ μετὰ τοῦ δικαίου συμβῆναί σφισιν ὁμολογοῦσι· προδοθῆναι γὰρ ἐπὶ χρήμασιν ὑπὸ τῶν στρατηγησάντων, Τυδέα δὲ εἶναι καὶ Ἀδείμαντον οἳ τὰ δῶρα ἐδέξαντο παρὰ Λυσάνδρου. καὶ ἐς ἀπόδειξιν τοῦ λόγου Σιβύλλης παρέχονται τὸν χρησμόν· 0

καὶ τότʼ Ἀθηναίοισι βαρύστονα κήδεα θήσει

Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, οὗπερ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον,

νηυσὶ φερεπτολέμοισι μάχην καὶ δηιοτῆτα

ὀλλυμέναις δολεροῖσι τρόποις, κακότητι νομήων.

τὰ δὲ ἕτερα ἐκ Μουσαίου χρησμῶν μνημονεύουσι·

καὶ γὰρ Ἀθηναίοισιν ἐπέρχεται ἄγριος ὄμβρος

ἡγεμόνων κακότητι, παραιφασίη δέ τις ἔσται

ἥττης· οὐ λήσουσι πόλιν, τίσουσι δὲ ποινήν.

[12] ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον εἰρήσθω· τὸν δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς καλουμένης Θυρέας Λακεδαιμονίων ἀγῶνα καὶ Ἀργείων, Σίβυλλα μὲν καὶ τοῦτον προεθέσπισεν ὡς συμβήσοιτο ἐξ ἴσου ταῖς πόλεσιν, Ἀργεῖοι δὲ ἀξιοῦντες ἐσχηκέναι πλέον ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ χαλκοῦν ἵππον—τὸν δούρειον δῆθεν—ἀπέστειλαν ἐς Δελφούς· τὸ δὲ ἔργον Ἀντιφάνους ἐστὶν Ἀργείου.

Translations (1)

Description of Greece Perseus (Pausanias. Pausanias Description of Greece, Volumes 1-4. Jones, W.H.S. (William Henry Samuel), translator; Ormerod, Henry Arderne, translator. London, New York: W. Heinemann, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1918-1935.) — 10.9 focus

[1]
The city of Delphi , both the sacred enclosure of Apollo and the city generally, lies altogether on sloping ground. The enclosure is very large, and is on the highest part of the city. Passages run through it, close to one another. I will mention which of the votive offerings seemed to me most worthy of notice.

[2] The athletes and competitors in music that the majority of mankind have neglected, are, I think, scarcely worthy of serious attention; and the athletes who have left a reputation behind them I have set forth in my account of Elis .¹ There is a statue at Delphi of Phaylus of Crotona . He won no victory at Olympia , but his victories at Pytho were two in the pentathlum and one in the foot-race. He also fought at sea against the Persian, in a ship of his own, equipped by himself and manned by citizens of Crotona who were staying in Greece .

[3] Such is the story of the athlete of Crotona . On entering the enclosure you come to a bronze bull, a votive offering of the Corcyraeans made by Theopropus of Aegina . The story is that in Corcyra a bull, leaving the cows, would go down from the pasture and bellow on the shore. As the same thing happened every day, the herdsman went down to the sea and saw a countless number of tunny-fish.

[4] He reported the matter to the Corcyraeans, who, finding their labour lost in trying to catch the tunnies, sent envoys to Delphi . So they sacrificed the bull to Poseidon, and straightway after the sacrifice they caught the fish, and dedicated their offerings at Olympia and at Delphi with a tithe of their catch.

[5] Next to this are offerings of the Tegeans from spoils of the Lacedaemonians: an Apollo, a Victory, the heroes of the country, Callisto, daughter of Lycaon, Arcas, who gave Arcadia its name, Elatus, Apheidas, and Azan, the sons of Arcas, and also Triphylus. The mother of this Triphylus was not Erato, but Laodameia, the daughter of Amyclas, king of Lacedaemon . There is also a statue dedicated of Erasus, son of Triphylus.

[6] They who made the images are as follows: The Apollo and Callisto were made by Pausanias of Apollonia ; the Victory and the likeness of Arcas by Daedalus of Sicyon ; Triphylus and Azan by Samolas the Arcadian; Elatus, Apheidas and Erasus by Antiphanes of Argos . These offerings were sent by the Tegeans to Delphi after they took prisoners the Lacedaemonians that attacked their city.²³

[7] Opposite these are offerings of the Lacedaemonians from spoils of the Athenians: the Dioscuri, Zeus, Apollo, Artemis, and beside these Poseidon, Lysander, son of Aristocritus, represented as being crowned by Poseidon, Agias, soothsayer to Lysander on the occasion of his victory, and Hermon, who steered his flag-ship.

[8] This statue of Hermon was not unnaturally made by Theocosmus of Megara, who had been enrolled as a citizen of that city. The Dioscuri were made by Antiphanes of Argos ; the soothsayer by Pison, from Calaureia, in the territory of Troezen ; the Artemis, Poseidon and also Lysander by Dameas; the Apollo and Zeus by Athenodorus. The last two artists were Arcadians from Cleitor.

[9] Behind the offerings enumerated are statues of those who, whether Spartans or Spartan allies, assisted Lysander at Aegospotami .⁴ They are these: —Aracus of Lacedaemon , Erianthes a Boeotian . . . above Mimas, whence came Astycrates, Cephisocles, Hermophantus and Hicesius of Chios ; Timarchus and Diagoras of Rhodes ; Theodamus of Cnidus ; Cimmerius of Ephesus and Aeantides of Miletus .

[10] These were made by Tisander, but the next were made by Alypus of Sicyon , namely:—Theopompus the Myndian, Cleomedes of Samos , the two Euboeans Aristocles of Carystus and Autonomus of Eretria , Aristophantus of Corinth , Apollodorus of Troezen , and Dion from Epidaurus in Argolis . Next to these come the Achaean Axionicus from Pellene , Theares of Hermion , Pyrrhias the Phocian, Comon of Megara , Agasimenes of Sicyon , Telycrates the Leucadian, Pythodotus of Corinth and Euantidas the Ambraciot; last come the Lacedaemonians Epicydidas and Eteonicus. These, they say, are works of Patrocles and Canachus.

[11] The Athenians refuse to confess that their defeat at Aegospotami was fairly inflicted, maintaining that they were betrayed by Tydeus and Adeimantus, their generals, who had been bribed, they say, with money by Lysander. As a proof of this assertion they quote the following oracle of the Sibyl:—

And then on the Athenians will be laid grievous troubles

By Zeus the high-thunderer, whose might is the greatest,

On the war-ships battle and fighting,

As they are destroyed by treacherous tricks, through the baseness of the captains.

The other evidence that they quote is taken from the oracles of Musaeus:—

For on the Athenians comes a wild rain

Through the baseness of their leaders, but some consolation will there be

For the defeat; they shall not escape the notice of the city, but shall pay the penalty.

[12] So much for this belief. The struggle for the district called Thyrea⁵ between the Lacedaemonians and the Argives⁶ was also foretold by the Sibyl, who said that the battle would be drawn. But the Argives claimed that they had the better of the engagement, and sent to Delphi a bronze horse, supposed to be the wooden horse of Troy . It is the work of Antiphanes of Argos .

New Alexandria Commentaries

Gregory Nagy, Editors: Angelia Hanhardt and Keith DeStone, Web producer: Noel Spencer, Consultant for images: Jill Curry Robbins, \[\[Noel gives this a separate URN\]\]

Pausanias Description of Greece 10.9

ed. W. H. S. Jones, ed. H. A. Ormerod, ed. Gregory Nagy

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