2.
Caesar and Athenaeus attribute this custom to the Gauls, and Valerius Maximus to the Keltiberians. Those men who attached themselves to the interests of any prince or famous personage, and who espoused all his quarrels, even devoting themselves to death on his account, are named by Athenaeus
σιλοδοῦοͅοι, and by Caesar
soldurii. Speaking of 600 soldiers devoted in this manner to a Gaulish prince, named Adcantuannus, Caesar (1. iii. c. 22) says,
Sibi mortem consciscant; neque adhuc hominum memoriâ repertus est quisquam, qui, eo interfecto cujus se amicitiae devovisset, mori recusaret. Plutarch tells us that Sertorius had in his suite many thousand Iberians devoted to him. The following epitaph of these men, who, after the death of Sertorius, sacrificed themselves, being unwilling to survive him, was extracted by Swinburne from the Annals of Catalonia.
Hic multae quae se manibus
Q. Sertorii turmae, et terrae
Devovere, dum, eo sublato,
Superesse taederet, et fortiter
Pugnando invicem cecidere,
Morte ad presens optata jacent.
For the appalling means they adopted to hold out the city of Calaguris to the last, see
Valerius Maximus, lib. vii. cap. vi.