Aristotle Poetics 21.16

ed. Henry James Pye

View: By Chapter
As if a shield should be called • The wineless cup of Mars.' [1] An invented name is an appellation given to a thing by the poet which was not before in general use. The substituting "Ἕρνυθαι [κ] instead of Κέραζα for HORNS and calling a PRIEST ᾿Αρητής, instead of ῾Ιερεύς, seem to come under this description.

Poetics. Aristotle. ed. Henry James Pye. London. 1792.

Current edition Experimental

The Poetic of Aristotle (Henry James Pye, revised 1792) (OCR draft) (English) (Henry James Pye's revised 1792 English translation, corrected against the 1788 first edition, aligned to the Kassel reference edition, and supplied with a selective apparatus of substantive 1788 readings.)

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (4)
Περὶ ποιητικῆς (OCR draft) (Aristotle, Poetics. Immanuel Bekker, editor, Aristotelis Opera, volume 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1837.) — 21 focus
Περὶ ποιητικῆς (OCR draft) Perseus (Aristotle, De arte poetica liber. Rudolf Kassel, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965. Reference edition for passage alignment.) — 21 focus
Poetics, Greek text (Ingram Bywater, 1909) (OCR draft) Experimental (Ingram Bywater's Greek text of Aristotle's Poetics, published in 1909.) — 21 focus
Poetics, Greek text (Franz Ritter, 1839) (OCR draft) Experimental (Franz Ritter's 1839 Greek edition, corrected against OCR of the represented copy and aligned to the conventional Perseus chapter-and-subchapter sequence.) — 21 focus
Translations (13)
Poetics (W. H. Fyfe) (OCR draft) Perseus (William Hamilton Fyfe's English translation of Aristotle's Poetics, Loeb Classical Library, 1939 printing.) — 21 focus
Arabic Poetics (Badawī edition, 1953) (OCR draft) (The ancient Arabic translation of Aristotle's Poetics in ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī's 1953 edition.) — 21 focus
Poetics (S. H. Butcher, 1911) (OCR draft) Experimental (S. H. Butcher's English translation from Aristotle's Theory of Poetry and Fine Art, fourth edition, 1911.) — 21 focus
Aristotle on the Art of Poetry (Ingram Bywater, 1909) (OCR draft) Experimental (Ingram Bywater's English translation of Aristotle's Poetics, published in 1909.) — 21 focus
Poetics (Thomas Twining, 1789) (OCR draft) Experimental (Thomas Twining's English translation of Aristotle's Poetics, published in 1789 and aligned to the Kassel reference passage sequence.) — 21.16 focus
as if, instead of calling a shield the cup of Mars, we should call it the wineless cup 1 .
The Poetic of Aristotle (Theodore Alois Buckley) (OCR draft) Experimental (Theodore Alois Buckley's English translation, first published in 1850 and represented from the Henry G. Bohn 1857 printing; corrected against a second OCR and aligned to the Kassel reference passage sequence.) — 21.16 focus
And a word is changed when the poet leaves part of it, and invents part; as, Changed. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Instead of δεξιόν. [18 Further still, of nouns some are masculine, others feminine,
Poetica Latine conversa (Franciscus Ritter, 1839) (OCR draft) Experimental (Franz Ritter's Latin translation, corrected against OCR of the represented copy and aligned to the conventional Perseus chapter-and-subchapter sequence.) — 21 focus
La poëtique d'Aristote (André Dacier, 1692) (OCR draft) Experimental (André Dacier's French translation of Aristotle's Poetics, published in 1692.) — 21.16 focus
Par exemple, aprés avoir appellé le bouclier, la coupe, on ajoûte ſans vin, au lieu d'ajoûter de Mars.
Poetica d'Aristotile (Bernardo Segni, 1549) (OCR draft) Experimental (Bernardo Segni's 1549 Florentine Italian translation, aligned to the Kassel reference passage sequence.) — 21 focus
De poetica (Antonio Riccobono, 1587) (OCR draft) Experimental (Antonio Riccobono's Latin translation, first published in 1587; text represented from Immanuel Bekker's 1831 edition.) — 21 focus
De arte poetica liber (William of Moerbeke, ca. 1277) (OCR draft) Experimental (William of Moerbeke's medieval Latin translation, represented by the 1953 Aristoteles Latinus edition.) — 21 focus
Arabic Poetics (Abū Bishr Mattā; Tkatsch edition) (OCR draft) Experimental (The Arabic translation attributed to Abū Bishr Mattā, edited by Jaroslaus Tkatsch in 1928 and aligned to the Kassel reference passage sequence.) — 21 focus
Arabic Poetics (Abū Bishr Mattā; Tkatsch edition, unaligned) (OCR draft) Experimental (Tkatsch's edition of the medieval Arabic translation in its original, unaligned segmentation.) — 21 focus

Commentary

Commentary on the Poetics (Thomas Twining, 1789) (OCR draft) (Thomas Twining's notes on Aristotle's Poetics, aligned to the Kassel reference edition.) focus

189. mvp-aristotle-comment-189

NOTE 189. P. 109.

21.16 THE WINELESS CUP. —
Φιαλην ἀοινον
. This emendation of Victorius , (instead of
ἀλλα οινου
, the reading of all the editions and MSS.) seems confirmed, beyond all doubt, by Rhet. III. 6, p. 590, A. and 11, p. 597, A.
Metaphors, from their nature, are in danger of being obscure, or forced, though it is essential to their beauty and effect, that they should be clear and apposite. For this purpose, a metaphor may be guarded in various ways. 1 If the simple substitution of the improper, for the proper, term, would be obscure, or harsh, the metaphor may be converted into an image, or comparison; it may be used analogically, and we may say,
φιαλη ΑΡΕΩΣ
, or
φιαλη ΑΟΙΝΟΣ
; or, if that be not sufficient for perspicuity — that is, if the meaning be not sufficiently pointed out by the manner, or circumstances, in which the expression is introduced, we may join these, (
φιαλη Αρεως ἀοινος
,) or even add to either of them the proper word itself. 2
There is a fine instance of this negative mode of explaining a metaphor, in Isaiah, li. 21 .
"Thou drunken, but not with wine."
3 The same end is often answered by an epithet, affirming of the thing expressed some quality belonging to the thing signified; thus, ships are "floating bulwarks," and the lyre a "chorded shell," 4 where Dryden has made the same use of the affirmative epithet, chorded, that Theognis did of the negative,
ἀχορδον
, in his metaphorical expression for a bow —
φορμιγξ άχορδος
. 5 Sometimes the explanatory epithet is itself a metaphor; as in the
πτερωτοις άρμασι
of Euripides ; "winged chariots." Here we have a double metaphor, chariot for ship, and wing for sail.
It should be remembered, that these negative epithets are very common in the Greek Poets. Victorius points out many instances:
κωμον ἀναυλοτατον
, Eurip. Phoeniss. 818 .
θιασον ἀβακχευτον
, Orest. 319 .
μηνυτηρα ἀφθεγκτον
, Æfch. Eumen. 245 .
ἀπτεροις πωτημασιν
, ibid. 250 , &c.

Commentarius in Aristotelis Poeticam (Franciscus Ritter, 1839) (OCR draft) (Ritter's Latin commentary, extracted from the 1839 volume, divided by Ritter's chapters and sections, and linked to the corresponding Perseus reference subsections.) focus

8. mvp-aristotle-comment-154

Ritter, cap. 21 § 8

ἀλλ᾽ ἄοινον: qui scutum appellat pateram vini expertem, is dum scutum alieno nomine ( φιάλην) designat ( προσαγορεύσας τὸ ἀλλότριον), adiecto ἄo ινo ν aliquid denegat ( τῶν οἰκείων τι ἀπύφησι) quod est paterae proprium: eo autem lector admonetur non proprie accipienda esse quae de patera dicuntur. peracuta sane observatio est et philosopho digna. 1) ᾔτει δ' ἥρως Tyrwhittus in annot. ad h. 1. scite dedit; Athenaei codices εἰ τῇ δῆλος.