Aeschylus Eumenides 22-23.blass-note-9

ed. Friedrich Blass

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Eumenides. Aeschylus. ed. Friedrich Blass. Berlin. 1907.

Current edition Experimental

Kommentar zu den Eumeniden (OCR draft) (German) (German commentary on Aeschylus' Eumenides by Friedrich Blass, 1907.)

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (12)
Εὐμενίδες First1KGreek (Aeschyli Tragoediae. Sidgwick, Arthur, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902.) — 143-177 focus
Εὐμενίδες Perseus (Aeschylus, Volume 2. Smyth, Herbert Weir, editor. London; New York: William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1926.) — 143-177 focus
Εὐμενίδες (1518 edition; OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Eumenides, 1518 edition. VLM-assisted OCR with native lineation and automated correspondence to the Smyth edition.) — 34 focus
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Εὐμενίδες. Guilielmus Dindorfius, 1882.) — 34 focus
ἡ δεινὰ λέξαι, δεινὰ δ᾽ ὀφθαλμοῖς δρακεῖν,
πάλιν μ᾽ ἔπεμψεν ἐκ δόμων τῶν Λοξίου,
35
ὡς μήτε σωκεῖν μήτε μ᾽ ἀκταίνειν βάσιν·
τρέχω δὲ χερσὶν, οὐ ποδωκείᾳ σκελῶν·
δείσασα γὰρ γραῦς οὐδὲν, ἀντίπαις μὲν οὖν.
ἐγὼ μὲν ἕρπω πρὸς πολυστεφῆ μυχόν·
ὁρῶ δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ὀμφαλῷ μὲν ἄνδρα θεομυσῆ
40
ἕδραν ἔχοντα προστρόπαιον, αἵματι
στάζοντα χεῖρας καὶ νεοσπαδὲς ξίφος
ἔχοντ᾽ ἐλάας θ᾽ ὑψιγέννητον κλάδον,
λήνει μεγίστῳ σωφρόνως ἐστεμμένον,
ἀργῆτι μαλλῷ· τῇδε γὰρ τρανῶς ἐρῶ.
45
πρόσθεν δὲ τἀνδρὸς τοῦδε θαυμαστὸς λόχος
εὕδει γυναικῶν ἐν θρόνοισιν ἥμενος.
οὔτοι γυναῖκας, ἀλλὰ Γοργόνας λέγω,
οὐδ᾽ αὖτε Γοργείοισιν εἰκάσω τύποις.
εἶδόν ποτ᾽ ἤδη Φινέως γεγραμμένας
50
δεῖπνον φερούσας· ἄπτεροί γε μὴν ἰδεῖν
αὗται, μέλαιναι δ᾽ ἐς τὸ πᾶν βδελύκτροποι·
ῥέγκουσι δ᾽ οὐ πλατοῖσι φυσιάμασιν·
ἐκ δ᾽ ὀμμάτων λείβουσι δυσφιλῆ λίβα·
καὶ κόσμος οὔτε πρὸς θεῶν ἀγάλματα
55
φέρειν δίκαιος οὔτ᾽ ἐς ἀνθρώπων στέγας.
τὸ φῦλον οὐκ ὄπωπα τῆσδ᾽ ὁμιλίας,
οὐδ᾽ ἥτις αἷα τοῦτ᾽ ἐπεύχεται γένος
τρέφουσ᾽ ἀνατὶ μὴ μεταστένειν πόνον.
τἀντεῦθεν ἤδη τῶνδε δεσπότῃ δόμων
60
αὐτῷ μελέσθω Λοξίᾳ μεγασθενεῖ.
ἰατρόμαντις δ᾽ ἐστὶ καὶ τερασκόπος
καὶ τοῖσιν ἄλλοις δωμάτων καθάρσιος.
ἰοὺ ἰοὺ πόπαξ. ἐπάθομεν, φίλαι,
ἢ πολλὰ δὴ παθοῦσα καὶ μάτην ἐγὼ,
ἐπάθομεν πάθος δυσαχὲς, ὦ πόποι, ἄφερτον
145
κακόν.
ἐξ ἀρκύων πέπτωκεν οἴχεταί θ᾽ ὁ θήρ.
ὕπνῳ κρατηθεῖσ᾽ ἄγραν ὤλεσα.
ἰὼ παῖ Διὸς, ἐπίκλοπος πέλει,
νέος δὲ γραίας δαίμονας καθιππάσω,
150
τὸν ἱκέταν σέβων, ἄθεον ἄνδρα καὶ τοκεῦσιν πι-
κρὸν,
τὸν μητραλοίαν δ᾽ ἐξέκλεψας ὢν θεός.
τί τῶνδ᾽ ἐρεῖ τις δικαίως ἔχειν;
ἐμοὶ δ᾽ ὄνειδος ἐξ ὀνειράτων μολὸν
155
ἔτυψεν δίκαν διφρηλάτου
μεσολαβεῖ κέντρῳ
ὑπὸ φρένας, ὑπὸ λοβόν.
πάρεστι μαστίκτορος [δαΐου] δαμίου
160
βαρὺ τὸ περίβαρυ κρύος ἔχειν.
τοιαῦτα δρῶσιν οἱ νεώτεροι θεοὶ
κρατοῦντες τὸ πᾶν δίκας πλέον
φονολιβῆ θρόμβον
περὶ πόδα, περὶ κάρα.
165
πάρεστι γᾶς ὀμφαλὸν προσδρακεῖν [αἱμάτων]
βλοσυρὸν ἀρόμενον ἄγος ἔχειν.
ἐφεστίῳ δὲ μάντις ὢν μιάσματι
μυχὸν ἔχρανας αὐτόσσυτος, αὐτόκλητος,
170
παρὰ νόμον θεῶν βρότεα μὲν τίων,
παλαιγενεῖς δὲ Μοίρας φθίσας.
κἀμοί τε λυπρὸς καὶ τὸν οὐκ ἐκλύσεται,
ὑπό τε γᾶν φυγὼν οὔ ποτ᾽ ἐλευθεροῦται.
175
ποτιτρόπαιος ὢν δ᾽ ἕτερον ἐν κάρᾳ
μιάστορ᾽ ἐκείνου πάσεται.
ὅρα ὅρα μάλ᾽ αὖ λεῦσσέ τε πάντα, μὴ
255
λάθῃ φύγδα βὰς ματροφόνος ἀτίτας.
ὁ δ᾽ αὖτέ γ᾽ ἀλκὰν ἔχων
περὶ βρέτει πλεχθεὶς θεᾶς ἀμβρότου
ὑπόδικος θέλει γενέσθαι χερῶν.
260
τὸ δ᾽ οὐ πάρεστιν· αἷμα μητρῷον χαμαὶ,
δυσαγκόμιστον, παπαῖ,
τὸ διερὸν πέδοι χύμενον οἴχεται.
ἀλλ᾽ ἀντιδοῦναι δεῖ σ᾽ ἀπὸ ζῶντος ῥοφεῖν
ἐρυθρὸν ἐκ μελέων πέλανον· ἀπὸ δὲ σοῦ
265
φεροίμαν βοσκὰν πώματος δυσπότου·
καὶ ζῶντά σ᾿ ἰσχνάνασ᾽ ἀπάξομαι κάτω,
ἀντίποιν᾿ ὡς τίνῃς ματροφόνου δύας.
ὄψει δὲ κεἴ τις ἄλλος ἤλιτεν βροτῶν
ἢ θεὸν ἢ ξένον τιν ἀσεβῶν ἢ τοκέας φίλους,
270
ἔχονθ᾽ ἕκαστον τῆς δίκης ἐπάξια.
μέγας γὰρ ῞Αιδης ἐστὶν εὔθυνος βροτῶν
ἔνερθε χθονὸς, δελτογράφῳ δὲ πάντ᾽ ἐπωπᾷ
φρενί.
275
ἄγε δὴ καὶ χορὸν ἅψωμεν, ἐπεὶ
μοῦσαν στυγερὰν
᾿ αποφαίνεσθαι δεδόκηκεν,
λέξαι τε λάχη τὰ κατ᾿ ἀνθρώπους
310
ὡς ἐπινωμᾷ στάσις ἁμά.
εὐθυδίκαιοι δ᾽ ἡδόμεθ᾽ εἶναι·
τὸν μὲν καθαρὰς χεῖρας προνέμοντ᾽
οὔτις ἐφέρπει μῆνις ἀφ᾽ ἡμῶν,
ἀσινὴς δ᾽ αἰῶνα διοιχνεῖ·
315
ὅστις δ᾽ ἀλιτὼν ὥσπερ ὅδ᾽ ἁνὴρ
χεῖρας φονίας ἐπικρύπτει,
μάρτυρες ὀρθαὶ τοῖσι θανοῦσιν
παραγιγνόμεναι πράκτορες αἵματος
αὐτῷ τελέως ἐφάνημεν.
320
μᾶτερ ἃ μ᾽ ἔτικτες, ὦ μᾶτερ
Νὺξ, ἀλαοῖσι καὶ δεδορκόσιν
ποινὰν, κλῦθ᾽. ὁ Λατοῦς γὰρ ἶνίς μ' άτιμον
τίθησι
τόνδ᾽ ἀφαιρούμενος πτῶκα, ματρῷον ἅγνισμα
325
κύριον φόνου.
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τεθυμένῳ τόδε μέλος
παρακοπὰ, παραφορὰ φρενοδαλὴς,
330
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρμικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς.
τοῦτο γὰρ λάχος διανταία
Μοῖρ᾽ ἐπέκλωσεν ἐμπέδως ἔχειν,
335
θνατῶν τοῖσιν αὐτουργίαι ξυμπέσωσιν μάταιοι,
τοῖς ὁμαρτεῖν, ὄφρ᾽ ἂν γᾶν ὑπέλθῃ· θανὼν δ᾽
οὐκ ἄγαν ἐλεύθερος.
340
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τεθυμένῳ τόδε μέλος
παρακοπὰ, παραφορὰ φρενοδαλὴς,
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρμικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς.
345
γιγνομέναισι λάχη τάδ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἁμὶν ἐκράνθη,
ἀθανάτων δ᾽ ἀπέχειν χέρας, οὐδέ τις ἐστὶ
συνδαίτωρ μετάκοινος.
παλλεύκων δὲ πέπλων ἄμοιρος μούνα ἐτύχθην.
δωμάτων γὰρ εἰλόμαν
ἀνατροπάς· ὅταν ῎Αρης τιθασὸς ὢν φίλον ἕλῃ,
355
ἐπιτόνως διόμεναι κρατερὸν ὄντα περ ὅμως
μαυροῦμεν νεόαιμον.
σπευδομένα δ᾽ ἀφελεῖν τινὰ τάσδε μερίμνας,
360
θεῶν δ᾽ ἀτέλειαν ἐμαῖσι λιταῖς ἐπικραίνειν,
μηδ᾽ εἰς ἄγκρισιν ἐλθεῖν
Ζεὺς γὰρ αἱματόφυρτον πᾶν ἔθνος τόδε λέσχας
ὡς ἀπηξιώσατο –
μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα ἀνέκαθεν βαρυπεσῆ
καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμὰν – σφαλερὰ γὰρ τανυ-
δρόμοις
370
κῶλα – δύσφορον ἄταν.
δόξαι τ᾽ ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλ᾽ ὑπ᾽ αἰθέρι σεμναὶ
τακόμεναι κατὰ γᾶν μινύθουσιν ἄτιμοι
ἁμετέραις ἐφόδοις μελανείμοσιν, ὀρχησμοῖς τ᾽
375
ἐπιφθόνοις ποδός.
375
πίπτων δ᾽ οὐκ οἶδεν τόδ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ἄφρονι λύμα.
τοῖον ἐπὶ κνέφας ἀνδρὶ μύσος πεπόταται,
καὶ δνοφεράν τιν ἀχλὺν κατὰ δώματος αὐδᾶται
πολύστονος φάτις.
380
μένει γάρ· εὐμήχανοι δὲ καὶ τέλειοι, κακῶν
τε μνήμονες, σεμναὶ
καὶ δυσπαρήγοροι βροτοῖς,
ἄτιμ᾿ ἀτίετα διόμεναι
385
λάχη θεῶν διχοστατοῦντ᾽
ἀναλίῳ λάπα, δυσοδοπαίπαλα
δερκομένοισι καὶ δυσομμάτοις ὁμῶς.
τίς οὖν τάδ᾽ οὐχ ἅζεταί τε καὶ δέδοικεν βροτῶν,
390
ἐμοῦ κλύων θεσμὸν
τὸν μοιρόκραντον ἐκ θεῶν
δοθέντα τέλεον; ἔπι δέ μοι
– γέρας παλαιὸν, οὐδ᾽
ἀτιμίας κυρῶ, καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα
395
τάξιν ἔχουσα καὶ δυσάλιον κνέφας.
οὐδὲ γὰρ βροτοσκόπων
μαινάδων τῶνδ᾽ ἐφέρψει κότος τις ἐργμάτων·
500
πάντ' ἐφήσω μόρον.
πεύσεται δ᾽ ἄλλος ἄλλοθεν προφωνῶν τὰ τῶν
πέλας κακὰ
λῆξιν ὑπόδοσίν τε μόχθων,
505
ἄκεά τ᾽ οὐ βέβαια τλάμων μάταν παρηγορεῖ.
μηδέ τις κικλησκέτω
ξυμφορᾷ τετυμμένος,
τοῦτ᾽ ἔπος θροούμενος,
510
ὦ δίκα, ὦ θρόνοι τ' Ἐρινύων.
ταῦτά τις τάχ᾽ ἂν πατὴρ
ἢ τεκοῦσα νεοπαθής
οἶκτον οἰκτίσαιτ', ἐπειδὴ πίτνει δόμος δίκας.
515
ἐσθ᾽ ὅπου τὸ δεινὸν εὖ
καὶ φρενῶν ἐπίσκοπον
δεῖ μένειν καθήμενον.
ξυμφέρει σωφρονεῖν ὑπὸ στένει.
520
τίς δὲ μηδὲν ἐν φάει
καρδίαν ἀνατρέφων
ἢ πόλις βροτός θ᾽ ὁμοίως ἔτ᾽ ἂν σέβοι δίκαν;
515
μήτ᾽ ἀνάρχετον βίον
μήτε δεσποτούμενον
αἰνέσῃς. παντὶ μέσῳ τὸ κράτος θεὸς ὤπασεν,
ἄλλ᾽ ἄλλᾳ δ᾽ ἐφορεύει.
530
ξύμμετρον δ᾽ ἔπος λέγω,
δυσσεβίας μὲν ὕβρις τέκος ὡς ἐτύμως·
ἐκ δ᾽ ὑγιείας
535
φρενῶν ὁ πᾶσιν φίλος
καὶ πολύευκτος ὄλβος.
ἐς τὸ πᾶν δέ σοι λέγω,
βωμὸν αἴδεσαι δίκας·
μηδέ νιν κέρδος ἰδὼν ἀθέῳ ποδὶ λὰξ ἀτίσῃς·
540
ποινὰ γὰρ ἐπέσται.
κύριον μένει τέλος.
πρὸς τάδε τις τοκέων σέβας εὖ προτίων
545
καὶ ξενοτίμους
ἐπιστροφὰς δωμάτων
αἰδόμενός τις ἔστω.
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Εὐμενίδες. Gottfried Hermann, 1852.) — 34 focus
δεινὰ λέξαι, δεινὰ δ᾽ ὀφθαλμοῖς δρακεῖν,
35
πάλιν μ' ἔπεμψεν ἐκ δόμων τῶν Λοξίου,
ὡς μήτε σθένειν μήτε μ' ἀκταίνειν βάσιν·
τρέχω δὲ χερσίν, οὐ ποδωκίᾳ σκελῶν·
δείσασα γὰρ γραῦς οὐδέν, ἀντίπαις μὲν οὖν.
ἐγὼ μὲν ἕρπω πρὸς πολυστεφῆ μυχόν·
40
ὁρῶ δ᾽ ἐπ' ὀμφαλῷ μὲν ἄνδρα θεομυσῆ
ἕδραν ἔχοντα, προςτρόπαιον, αἵματι
στάζοντα χεῖρας, καὶ νεοσπαδὲς ξίφος
ἔχοντ', ἐλαίας θ' ὑψιγέννητον κλάδον,
λῆνῃ μεγίστῃ σωφρόνως ἐστεμμένον,
45
ἀργῆτι μαλλῷ, τῇδε γὰρ τρανῶς ἐρῶ.
πρόσθεν δὲ τἀνδρὸς τοῦδε θαυμαστὸς λόχος
εὕδει γυναικῶν ἐν θρόνοισιν ἥμενος.
οὔτοι γυναῖκας, ἀλλὰ Γοργόνας λέγω·
οὐδ᾽ αὖτε Γοργείοισιν εἰκάσω τύποις·
50
εἶδόν ποτ᾽ ἤδη Φινέως γεγραμμένας
δεῖπνον φερούσας· ἄπτεροί γε μὴν ἰδεῖν
αὗται, μέλαιναι δ᾽ ἐς τὸ πᾶν βδελύκτροποι·
ῥέγκουσι δ᾽ οὐ πλαστοῖσι φυσιάμασιν·
55
ἐκ δ᾽ ὀμμάτων λείβουσι δυςφιλῆ λίβα·
καὶ κόσμος οὔτε πρὸς θεῶν ἀγάλματα
ἰοὺ ἰοὺ, πόπαξ. ἐπάθομεν, φίλαι.
ἰὼ παῖ Διός, ἐπίκλοπος πέλει,
ἐμοὶ δ᾽ ὄνειδος ἐξ ὀνειράτων μολὸν
ἔτυψεν δίκαν διφρηλάτου
μεσολαβεῖ κέντρῳ
160
ὑπὸ φρένας, ὑπὸ λόβον.
τοιαῦτα ὁρῶσιν οἱ νεώτεροι θεοί,
κρατοῦντες τὸ πᾶν δίκας πλέον,
165
ἐφεστίῳ δέ, μάντις ὤν, μιάσματι
170
μυχὸν ἔχρανας αὐτόσσυτος, αὐτόκλητος,
παρὰ νόμον θεῶν βρότεα μὲν τίων,
παλαιγενεῖς δὲ Μοίρας φθίσας.
ἐμοί τε λυπρὸς καὶ τὸν οὐκ ἐκλύσεται,
ὑπό τε γᾶν φυγὼν οὔ ποτ᾽ ἐλευθεροῦται·
175
ποτιτρόπαιος ὢν δ᾽ ἕτερον ἐν κάρᾳ
μιάστορ᾽ αὑτῷ πάσεται.
μᾶτερ, ἃ μὲ ἔτικτες, ὦ μᾶτερ
Νύξ, ἀλαοῖσι καὶ δεδορκόσιν ποινάν,
320
κλῦθι· ὁ Λατοῦς γὰρ ἰ-
νίς μ' ἄτιμον τίθησιν,
τόνδ᾽ ἀφαιρούμενος
πτῶκα, ματρῷον ἅ-
γνισμα κύριον φόνου.
325
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τεθυμένῳ
τόδε μέλος παρακοπά,
παραφορὰ φρενοδαλής,
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρ-
330
μικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς.
5
τοῦτο γὰρ λάχος διανταία
Μοῖρ᾽ ἐπέκλωσεν ἐμπέδως ἔχειν, θνατῶν
τοῖσιν αὐτουργίαι
ξυμπέσωσιν μάταιοι,
335
τοῖς ὁμαρτεῖν, ὄφρ᾽ ἂν
γᾶν ὑπέλθῃ· θανὼν δ᾽
οὐκ ἄγαν ἐλεύθερος.
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τεθυμένῳ
τόδε μέλος παρακοπά,
340
παραφορὰ φρενοδαλής,
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρ
μικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς.
6
γεινομέναισι λάχη τάδ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἁμὶν ἐκράνθη,
345
ἀθανάτων δίχ᾽ ἔχειν γέρας, οὐδέ τις ἐστὶν
συνδαίτωρ μετάκοινος.
παλλεύκων πέπλων δ᾽ ἀγέραστος ἄμοιρος ἄκληρος ἐτύχθην.
δωμάτων γὰρ εἱλόμαν
ἀνατροπάς, ὅταν Ἄρης,
350
τιθασὸς ὤν, φίλον ἕλῃ·
ἐπὶ τόν, ὤ, διόμεναι
κρατερὸν ὄντ᾽ ἔθ᾽ ὁμοίως
μαυροῦμεν νέον ἅλμα.
7
σπενδομένα δ᾽ ἀφελεῖν τινὶ τάςδε μερίμνας
355
Μοῖρ᾽ ἀτέλειαν ἐμαῖσι λιταῖς ἐπικραίνει,
μηδ᾽ εἰς ἄγκρισιν ἐλθεῖν.
Ζεὺς γὰρ δειματοσταγὲς ἀξιόμισον ἔθνος τόδε λέσχας
ἧς ἀπηξιώσατο.
μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα
360
ἀνέκαθεν βαρυπεσῆ
καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμάν
(σφαλερὰ τανυδρόμοις γὰρ
καλα), δύςφορον ἄταν.
8
δόξαι τ᾿ ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλ᾽ ὑπ᾽ αἰθέρι σεμναὶ
365
τακόμεναι κατὰ γᾶς μινύθουσιν ἄτιμοι
ἡμετέραις ἐφόδοις μελανείμοσιν,
ὀρχησμοῖς τ' ἐπιφθόνοις ποδός.
πίπτων δ᾽ οὐκ οἶδεν τόδ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ἄφρονι λύμα.
ποῖον ἐπὶ κνέφας ἀνδρὶ μύσος πεπόταται,
370
καὶ δνοφεράν τιν ἀχλὺν κατὰ δώματος
αὐδᾶται πολύστονος φάτις.
9
μένει γάρ· εὐμήχανοι
τε καὶ τέλειοι, κακῶν
10
τε μνήμονες, σεμναὶ
375
καὶ δυςπαρήγοροι βροτοῖς,
ἄτιμ᾽ ἀτίετα διόμεναι
λάχη, θεῶν διχοστατοῦντ᾽
ἀνηλίῳ λάμπα, δυςοδοπαίπαλα
δερκομένοισι καὶ δυςομμάτοις ὁμῶς.
380
11
τίς οὖν τάδ᾽ οὐχ ἅζεται
τε καὶ δέδοικεν βροτῶν,
ἐμοῦ κλύων θεσμὸν
τὸν μοιρόκραντον ἐκ θεῶν
δοθέντα τέλεον; ἔτι δέ μοι
385
μένει γέρας παλαιόν, οὐδ᾽
ἀτιμίας κύρω, καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα
τάξιν ἔχουσα καὶ δυςήλιον κνέφας.
οὐδὲ γὰρ βροτοσκόπων
μαινάδων τῶνδ᾽ ἐφέρ-
ψει κότος τις ἐργμάτων·
πάντ᾽ ἐφήσω μόρον.
495
πεύσεται δ᾽ ἄλλος ἄλλοθεν, προφω-
νῶν τὰ τῶν πέλας κακά,
λῆξιν ὑπόδυσίν τε μόχθων
ἄκεα δ᾽ οὐ βέβαια πλά-
μων μάταν παρηγορεῖ.
500
14
μηδέ τις κικλησκέτω
ξυμφορᾷ τετυμμένος,
τοῦτ᾽ ἔπος θροούμενος,
ὦ δίκα,
ὦ θρόνοι τ' Ἐρινύων.
505
ταῦτά τις τάχ᾽ ἂν πατὴρ
ἢ τεκοῦσα νεοπαθὴς
οἶκτον οἰκτίσαιτ', ἐπει-
δὴ πίτνει δόμος δίκας.
15
ἔσθ' ὅπου τὸ δεινὸν εὖ
510
τις φρενῶν ἐπίσκοπον
δειμανεῖ καθήμενον.
ξυμφέρει
σωφρονεῖν ὑπὸ στένει.
τίς δὲ μηδὲν ἐν δέει
515
καρδίαν ἔτ᾽ ἀνατρέφων,
ἢ πόλις βροτός θ' ὁμοί-
ως, ἔτ᾽ ἂν σέβοι δίκαν;
16
μήτ' ἀνάρχετον βίον
μήτε δεσποτούμενον
520
αἰνέσῃς.
παντὶ μέσῳ τὸ κράτος θεὸς ὤπασεν, ἀλλ᾽
ἄλλα δ᾽ ἐφορεύει.
ξύμμετρον δ᾽ ἔπος λέγω,
δυςσεβίας μὲν ὕβρις τέκος ὡς ἐτύμως·
525
ἐκ δ᾽ ὑγιείας
αὖ φρενῶν ὁ πάμφιλος
καὶ πολύευκτος ὄλβος.
ΕΥΜΕΝΙΔΕΣ (OCR draft) Experimental (ΕΥΜΕΝΙΔΕΣ. Paul Mazon, 1920-1925.) — 34 focus
Ἦ δεινὰ λέξαι, δεινὰ δ᾽ ὀφθαλμοῖς δρακεῖν
πάλιν μ' ἔπεμψεν ἐκ τόπων τῶν Λοξίου,
35
ὡς μήτε σωκεῖν μήτε μ' ἀκταίνειν στάσιν βάσιν,
τρέχω δὲ χερσίν, οὐ ποδωκίᾳ -κεία σκελῶν·
δείσασα γὰρ γραῦς οὐδέν, ἀντίπαις μὲν οὖν.
Ἐγὼ μὲν ἔρπω πρὸς πολυστεφῆ μυχόν,
ὁρῶ δ' ἐπ' ὀμφαλῷ μὲν ἄνδρα θεομυσῆ -μυσῆι -μισῆ
40
ἕδραν ἕδρας ἔχοντα -τι προστρόπαιον, αἵματι
στάζοντα χεῖρας καὶ νεοσπαδὲς ξίφος
ἔχοντ' ἐλαίας θ' ὑψιγέννητον κλάδον
λήνει μεγίστῳ σωφρόνως ἐστεμμένον,
ἀργῆτι μαλλῷ· τῇδε γὰρ τρανῶς ἐρῶ.
45
Πρόσθεν δὲ τἀνδρὸς τοῦδε θαυμαστὸς λόχος
εὕδει γυναικῶν ἐν θρόνοισιν ἥμενος·
οὔτοι γυναῖκας, ἀλλὰ Γοργόνας λέγω·
οὐδ᾽ αὖτε Γοργείοισιν εἰκάσω τύποις·
εἶδόν ποτ' ἤδη ποτ' εἶδον Φινέως γεγραμμένας
50
Ἰοὺ ἰοὺ πύπαξ πυπὰξ· ἐπάθομεν, φίλαι,
ἢ πολλὰ δὴ παθοῦσα καὶ μάτην ἐγώ
ἐπάθομεν πάθος δυσαχές -αχθές, ὢ ὣ πόποι,
145
ἄφερτον κακόν·
ἐξ ἀρκύων πέπτωκεν οἴχεταί θ' δ' ὁ θήρ —
ὕπνῳ κρατηθεῖσ' ἄγραν ὤλεσα.
Ἰὼ παῖ Διός, ἐπίκλοπος πέλῃ,
νέος δὲ γραίας δαίμονας γραίας δὲ δαίμονας νέος καθιππάσω
150
τὸν ἱκέταν σέβων, ἄθεον ἄνδρα καὶ
τοκεῦσιν πικρόν,
τὸν μητραλοίαν δ' ἐξέκλεψας ὢν θεός·
τί τῶνδ᾽ ἐρεῖ τίς τις δικαίως ἔχειν ;
Ἐμοὶ δ' ὄνειδος ἐξ ὀνειράτων μολὸν
155
ἔτυψεν δίκαν διφρηλάτου
μεσολαβεῖ κέντρῳ
ὑπὸ φρένας, ὑπὸ λοβόν·
πάρεστι μαστίκτορος
δαίου δαμίου
160
τὸ βαρὺ βαρὺ τὸ περίβαρυ κρύος ἔχειν.
Τοιαῦτα δρῶσιν οἱ νεώτεροι θεοὶ
κρατοῦντες τὸ πᾶν δίκας πλέον·
φονολιβῆ -λειβῆ θρόνον
περὶ πόδα, περὶ κάρα
165
πάρεστι, γᾶς ὀμφαλὸν,
προσδρακεῖν αἱμάτων
βλοσυρὸν ἀρόμενον αἰρό- αἱρο- ἄγος ἔχειν.
Ἐφεστίῳ δὲ μάντις ὢν μάντι σῶι μιάσματι
μυχὸν μυκὸν σὸν οἶκον ἐχράνατ' αὐ-
170
τόσσυτος, αὐτόκλητος,
παρὰ νόμον παρανόμων παρα νόμων θεῶν βρότεα μὲν τίων,
παλαιγενεῖς δὲ μοίρας φθίσας.
Κἀμοί τε τε λυπρὸς καὶ τὸν οὐκ ἐκλύσεται,
ὑπὸ δὲ γᾶν φυγὼν φεύγων
175
οὔ ποτ' ἐλευθεροῦται,
ποτιτρόπαιος ὢν δ' δ᾽ ὢν ἕτερον ἐν κάρᾳ
μιάστορ᾽ εἶσιν οὗ ἐκείνου πάσεται.
Ὅρα ὅρα μάλ' αὖ λεῦσσέ τε ...λεύσσετον λεῦσσε τὸν πάντα πάνται, μὴ
λάθῃ φύγδα βὰς βὰς ὁ ματροφόνος ἀτίτας ἀτίμας.
255
Ὅδ' αὖτε γοῦν γ' οὖν ἀλκὰν ἔχων
περὶ βρέτει πλεχθεὶς θεᾶς ἀμβρότου
ὑπόδικος θέλει γενέσθαι χερῶν
τὸ δ' τόδ' οὐ πάρεστιν· αἷμα μητρῷον χαμαί
Ἄγε δὴ καὶ χορὸν ἅψωμεν, ἐπεὶ
μοῦσαν στυγερὰν
ἀποφαίνεσθαι δεδόκηκεν,
λέξαι τε λάχη τὰ κατ᾿ ἀνθρώπους
310
ὡς ἐπινωμᾷ στάσις ἁμή ἅμα.
Εὐθυδίκαιοι δ' οἰόμεθ' εἶναι· εὐθυδίκαι θ᾽ οἶδ᾽ οίμεθ᾽ εἶναι εὐθυδίκαι τ᾽ οἶδ' οἶμαι θεῖναι
τὸν... προνέμοντ' τοὺς... προνέμοντας (προσνέμ- Μ) μὲν καθαρὰς χεῖρας
οὔτις ἐφέρπει μῆνις ἀφ' ἡμῶν ἀφ' ἡμῶν μῆνις ἐφέρπει,
ἀσινὴς δ' αἰῶνα διοιχνεῖ·
315
Μᾶτερ ἃ μ' ἔτικτες, ὦ μᾶτερ
Νύξ, ἀλαοῖσι -οῖσιν -οις καὶ δεδορκόσιν
ποινάν, κλῦθ᾽· ὁ Λατοῦς γὰρ ΐ- 2
νίς μ' ἄτιμον τίθησι -σιν
τόνδ' ἀφαιρούμενος
325
πτῶκα πτᾶκα (πτάκα Μ1), ματρῷον ἅ-
γνισμα κύριον φόνου.
Ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τεθυμένῳ
τόδε μέλος παρακοπά,
παραφορὰ φρενοδαλής -δαλις φρενοδαής,
330
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρ-
μικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς.
Τοῦτο γὰρ λάχος διανταία
Μοῖρ' ἐπέκλωσεν ἐμπέδως ἔχειν,
335
θνατῶν θανάτων τοὶ σὺν τοῖσιν αὐτουργίαις
ξυμπέσωσιν ξύμπασ ωσιν ξυμ- (sine acc.) ὦσιν μάταιοι,
τοῖς ἁμαρτεῖν, ὄφρ᾽ ἂν
γἂν ὑπέλθῃ -θη -θοι· θανὼν δ'
οὐκ ἄγαν ἄγαν γ' ἐλεύθερος.
340
Ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τεθυμένῳ
τόδε μέλος παρακοπά,
Γιγνομέναισι λάχη τάδ' ἐφ' ἁμὶν ἀμῖν ἐκράνθη,
ἀθανάτων δ' ἀπέχειν χέρας, οὐδέ τίς ἐστιν -τι
συνδαίτωρ -δάτωρ μετάκοινος,
πανλεύκων παλλ- δὲ πέπλων ἄκληρος ἄμοιρος ἅμοιρος ἄκληρος ἐτύχθην 3
Δωμάτων γὰρ εἱλόμαν
350
ἀνατροπάς, ὅταν Ἄρης
τιθασὸς πίθασος (-ασσος Tr) ὢν φίλον φίλος ἕλῃ·
ἐπὶ τόν, ὤ, διόμεναι διαίνομαι
κρατερὸν ὄνθ' ὅμως (ἀ)μαυ- ὁμοίως μαυροῦμεν
ροῦμεν ὑφ' ἐφ' αἵματος νέου.
355
Σπεύδομεν αἵδ' σπευδόμεναι δ' (-όμενα δ' Μ) ἀφελεῖν τινα τάσδε τάσδε μερίμνας,
θεῶν δ' ἀτέλειαν ἐμαῖς μελέταις ἐμαῖσι λιταῖς ἐπικραίνειν,
μηδ' εἰς ἐς ἄγκρισιν ἐγκ- ἐλθεῖν·
Ζεὺς (δ') ζεὺς (prius ζεῦ) ζεῦ αἱμοσταγὲς αἱματοστ- ἀξιόμισον ἔθνος τόδε λέσχας
ἃς ἃς ἀπηξιώσατο.
360
(Δωμάτων γὰρ εἱλόμαν 4
ἀνατροπάς, ὅταν Ἄρης
τιθασὸς ὢν φίλον ἕλῃ·
ἐπὶ τόν, ὤ, διόμεναι
Δόξαι δ' τ' ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλ' ὑπ᾽ αἰθέρι σεμναὶ
τακόμεναι κατὰ γᾶν μινύθουσιν ἄτιμοι
ἡμετέραις ἐφόδοις μελανείμοσιν, ὀρχη-
365
σμοῖς τ' ἐπιφθόνοις -φόνοις ποδός.
Μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα άλλο- άλω-
ἀνέκαθεν ἄγκαθεν βαρυπεσῆ
καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμάν,
σφαλερά (τοῖς) τανυδρόμοις
370
κῶλα, δύσφορον ἄταν.
Πίπτων δ᾽ οὐκ οἶδεν τόδ' ὑπ᾽ ἄφρονι λύμᾳ·
τοῖον τοῖον γὰρ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἀνδρὶ μύσος πεπόταται·
καὶ δνοφεράν τιν' ἀχλὺν κατὰ δώματος αὐδᾶ-
ται πολύστονος φάτις.
375
5 (Μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα
ἀνέκαθεν βαρυπεσῆ
καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμάν,
σφαλερὰ τοῖς τανυδρόμοις
κῶλα, δύσφορον ἄταν.)
Μένει γάρ· εὐμήχανοι
τε καὶ δὲ καὶ τέλειοι κακῶν
τε μνήμονες Σεμναὶ
καὶ δυσπαρήγοροι -ράγωγοι βροτοῖς,
ἄτιμ' ἀτίετα ἀτίεται -ετον διόμεναι
380
λάχη θεῶν διχοστατοῦντ'
ἀνηλίῳ λάμπᾳ λαμπαὶ (sine acc.),
Τίς οὖν τάδ' οὐχ ἅζεται οὐ χάζεταί
τε καὶ δέδοικεν -κε βροτῶν,
390
ἐμοῦ κλύων θεσμὸν
τὸν μοιρόκραντον, ἐκ θεῶν
δοθέντα τέλεον ; ἐπὶ ἔπι δέ μοι
γέρας (πέλει) παλαιόν, οὐδ᾽
ἀτιμίας κύρω κυρῶ (κυρῶ γὰρ Tr),
καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα τάξιν τάξιν γ' ἔχουσα
395
καὶ δυσήλιον κνέφας.
Νῦν καταστροφαὶ νέων
490
θεσμίων, εἰ κρατή-
σει δίκα (τε) καὶ βλάβα
τοῦδε μητροκτόνου·
πάντας ἤδη τόδ' ἔργον εὐχερείᾳ εὐχερίαι εὐχαρίᾳ
συναρμόσει βροτούς,
495
πολλὰ δ' ἔτυμα παιδότρωτα
πάθεα προσμένει τοκεῦ-
σιν μεταῦθις ἐν χρόνῳ.
Οὐδὲ οὔτε γὰρ βροτοσκόπων
μαινάδων τῶνδ' ἐφέρ-
500
ψει κότος τις ἐργμάτων·
πάντ' ἐφήσω μόρον·
πεύσεται δ' ἄλλος ἄλλοθεν προφω-
νῶν τὰ τῶν πέλας κακὰ
λῆξιν ὑπόδοσιν -δησίν -δυσίν τε μόχθων,
505
ἄκεά τ' οὐ βέβαια ἄκετ᾽ οὐ βέβαια ἄκεστ᾽ ἀβέβαια ἄκεστ᾽ οὐ βέβαια ἄκεστα | οὐ βέβαια· τλάμων τλάμων δέ τις
μάταν παρηγορεῖ.
Μηδέ τις κικλησκέτω
ξυμφορᾷ τετυμμένος,
τοῦτ' ἔπος θροούμενος,
510
« Ὦ Δίκα,
ὦ ἰὼ θρόνοι τ' Ἐρινύων »·
Ἔσθ' ὅπου τὸ δεινὸν εὖ,
καὶ φρενῶν ἐπίσκοπον
δεῖ μένειν δειμαίνει καθήμενον·
ξυμφέρει
520
σωφρονεῖν ὑπὸ στένει·
τίς δὲ μηδὲν ἐν φάει
καρδίαν ἄνα τρέων ἀνατρέφων τρέων
ἢ πόλις βροτός θ' ὁμοί-
ως ἔτ᾽ ἂν σέβοι δίκαν ;
525
Μήτ' ἀνάρχετον ἄναρκτον ἀνάρκητον ἀνάρκετον βίον
μήτε δεσποτούμενον -μενόν γ'
αἰνέσῃς·
παντὶ ἅπαντι μέσῳ τὸ κράτος θεὸς
ὤπασεν, ἄλλ᾽ ἄλλᾳ δ' ἄλλα | ἄλλαι δ' (ἄλλα δι' forsan M1) ἄλλα δ' ἄλλα δ' ἐφορεύει.
530
Ξύμμετρον δ' ἔπος λέγω·
δυσσεβίας -βείας μὲν ὕβρις τέκος
ὡς ἐτύμως, ἐκ δ' ὑγιεί-
ας φρενῶν ὁ πάμφιλος πᾶσι φίλος
καὶ πολύευκτος ὄλβος.
535
Ἐς τὸ πᾶν δέ σοι λέγω,
βωμὸν αἴδεσαι Δίκας
μηδέ νιν
κέρδος ἰδὼν ἀθέῳ ποδὶ
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Εὐμενίδες. Arthur Sidgwick, 1887.) — 34 focus
ΧΟ.
δωμάτων γὰρ εἱλόμαν
ἀνατροπάς, ὅταν Ἄρης
355
τιθασὸς ὢν φίλον ἕλῃ·
ἐπὶ τόν, ὦ, διόμεναι
κρατερὸν ὄνθ᾽ ὅμως ἀμαυρ-
οῦμεν αἵματος νέου.
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Εὐμενίδες. N. Wecklein, 1885.) — 34 focus
ἢ δεινὰ λέξαι, δεινὰ δ᾽ ὀφθαλμοῖς δρακεῖν
πάλιν μὲ ἔπεμψεν ἐκ δόμων τῶν Λοξίου,
35
ὡς μήτε σωκεῖν μήτε μὲ ἀκταίνειν βάσιν·
τρέχω δὲ χερσίν, οὐ ποδωκείᾳ σκελῶν·
δείσασα γὰρ γραὺς οὐδέν, ἀντίπαις μὲν οὖν.
οὔτοι προδώσω· διὰ τέλους δέ σοι φύλαξ
ἐγγὺς παρεστὼς καὶ πρόσω δ᾽ ἀποστατῶν
65
ἐχθροῖσι τοῖς σοῖς οὐ γενήσομαι πέπων.
καὶ νῦν ἁλούσας τάσδε τὰς μάργους ὁρᾷς
ὕπνῳ, πεσοῦσαι δ᾽ αἱ κατάπτυστοι κόραι,
γραῖαι παλαιαὶ παῖδες, αἷς οὐ μίγνυται
θεῶν τις οὐδ᾽ ἄνθρωπος οὐδὲ θήρ ποτε.
70
κακῶν δ᾽ ἕκατι κἀγένοντ', ἐπεὶ κακὸν
σκότον νέμονται Τάρταρον θ᾽ ὑπὸ χθονός,
μισήματ᾽ ἀνδρῶν καὶ θεῶν Ὀλυμπίων.
ὅμως δὲ φεῦγε μηδὲ μαλθακὸς γένῃ.
εὕδοιτ᾽ ἄν, ὠή, καὶ καθευδουσῶν τί δεῖ;
ὄναρ διώκεις θῆρα, κλαγγαίνεις δ᾽ ἅπερ
κύων μέριμναν οὔποτ᾽ ἐκλείπων πόνου.
τί δρᾷς; ἀνίστω, μή σε νικάτω πόνος,
μηδ᾽ ἀγνοήσῃς πῆμα μαλθαχθεῖσ᾽ ὕπνῳ.
ἄλγησον ἤπαρ ἐνδίκοις ὀνείδεσιν·
135
τοῖς σώφροσιν γὰρ ἀντίκεντρα γίγνεται.
οὐδ᾽ αἱματηρὸν πνεῦμ᾽ ἐπουρίσασα τῷ,
ἀτμῷ κατισχναίνουσα, νηδύος πυρί·
ἕπου, μάραινε δευτέροις διώγμασιν.
Ἰοὺ ἰού, πύπαξ. ἐπάθομεν, φίλαι,
ἦ πολλὰ δὴ παθοῦσα καὶ μάτην ἐγώ,
Ἰὼ παῖ Διός, ἐπίκλοπος πέλῃ,
Νέος δὲ γραίας δαίμονας καθιππάσω·
150
Τὸν ἱκέταν σέβων ἄθεον ἄνδρα καὶ
τοκεῦσιν πικρόν,
τὸν μητραλοίαν δ᾽ ἐξέκλεψας ὢν θεός.
Τί τῶνδ᾽ ἐρεῖ τις δικαίως ἔχειν;
2
Ἐμοὶ δ᾽ ὄνειδος ἐξ ὀνειράτων μολὸν
155
ἔτυψεν δίκαν διφρηλάτου
μεσολαβεῖ κέντρῳ
ὑπὸ φρένας, ὑπὸ λοβόν.
Πάρεστι μαστίκτορος
δαΐου δαμίου
160
βαρὺ τὸ περίβαρυ κρύος ἔχειν.
2
Τοιαῦτα ὁρῶσιν οἱ νεώτεροι θεοὶ
κρατοῦντες τὸ πᾶν δίκας πλέον
φονολιβῆ θρόνον
ἐφεστίῳ δέ, μάντι, σῷ μιάσματι
μυχὸν ἔχρανας αὐ-
170
τόσσυτος, αὐτόκλητος,
παρὰ νόμον θεῶν βρότεα μὲν τίων,
παλαιγενεῖς δὲ Μοίρας φθίσας.
3
καμοί γε λυπρὸς καὶ τὸν οὐκ ἐκλύσεται,
ὑπό τε γᾶν φυγὼν
175
οὔποτ᾽ ἐλευθεροῦται,
ποτιτρόπαιος ὢν δ᾽ ἕτερον ἐν κάρᾳ
μιάστορ᾽ ἐκείνου πάσεται.
ἔξω, κελεύω, τῶνδε δωμάτων τάχος
χωρεῖτ᾽, ἀπαλλάσσεσθε μαντικῶν μυχῶν,
180
μὴ καὶ λαβοῦσα πτηνὸν ἀργηστὴν ὄφιν,
ἢ κάρτ᾽ ἄτιμα καὶ παρ᾽ οὐδὲν ἠρκέσω
Ἥρας τελείας καὶ Διὸς πιστώματα·
Κύπρις δ᾽ ἄτιμος τῷδ᾽ ἀπέρριπται λόγῳ,
215
ὅθεν βροτοῖσι γίγνεται τὰ φίλτατα.
Ὅρα ὅρα μάλ᾽ αὖ,
λεύσσετον πάντα, μὴ
255
λάθῃ φύγδα βὰς
ὁ ματροφόνος ἀτίτας.
ἐγὼ διδαχθεὶς ἐν κακοῖς ἐπίσταμαι
πολλοὺς καθαρμούς, καὶ λέγειν ὅπου δίκη
σιγᾶν θ᾽ ὁμοίως· ἐν δὲ τῷδε πράγματι
φωνεῖν ἐτάχθην πρὸς σοφοῦ διδασκάλου·
βρίζει γὰρ αἷμα καὶ μαραίνεται χερός,
280
μητροκτόνον μίασμα δ᾽ ἔκπλυτον πέλει.
ποταίνιον γὰρ ὂν πρὸς ἑστίᾳ θεοῦ
Φοίβου καθαρμοῖς ἠλάθη χοιροκτόνοις.
πολὺς δέ μοι γένοιτ᾽ ἂν ἐξ ἀρχῆς λόγος,
ὅσοις προσῆλθον ἀβλαβεῖ ξυνουσίᾳ.
285
[χρόνος καθαιρεῖ πάντα γηράσκων ὁμοῦ.]
καὶ νῦν ἀφ᾽ ἁγνοῦ στόματος εὐφήμως καλῶ
οὔτοι σ᾽ Ἀπόλλων οὐδ᾽ Ἀθηναίας σθένος
ῥύσαιτ᾽ ἂν ὥστε μὴ οὐ παρημελημένον
300
ἔρρειν, τὸ χαίρειν μὴ μαθόνθ᾽ ὅπου φρενῶν,
ἀναίματον βόσκημα δαιμόνων σκιά·
οὐδ᾽ ἀντιφωνεῖς, ἀλλ᾽ ἀποπτύεις λόγους,
ἐμοί τραφείς τε καὶ καθιερωμένος;
καὶ ζῶν με δαίσεις οὐδὲ πρὸς βωμῷ σφαγείς·
305
ὕμνον δ᾽ ἀκούσῃ τόνδε δέσμιον σέθεν.
ἄγε δὴ καὶ χορὸν ἅψωμεν, ἐπεὶ
μᾶτερ, ἃ μ᾽ ἔτικτες, ὦ μᾶτερ
Νύξ, ἀλαοῖσι καὶ δεδορκόσιν
ποινάν, κλῦθ᾽. ὁ Λατοῦς γὰρ ἶ-
νίς μ᾽ ἄτιμον τίθησιν,
325
τόνδ᾽ ἀφαιρούμενος
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τεθυμένῳ
τόδε μέλος, παρακοπά,
330
παραφορὰ φρενοδαλής,
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρ-
μικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς.
1
τοῦτο γὰρ λάχος διανταία
335
Μοῖρ᾽ ἐπέκλωσεν ἐμπέδως ἔχειν,
θνατῶν τοῖσιν αὐτουργίαις
ξύμπασ᾽ ὦσιν μάταιοι,
τοῖς ὁμαρτεῖν, ὄφρ᾽ ἂν
γᾶν ὑπέλθῃ· θανὼν δ᾽
340
οὐκ ἄγαν ἐλεύθερος.
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τεθυμένῳ
τόδε μέλος, παρακοπά,
γιγνομέναισι λάχη
τάδ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἁμὶν ἐκράνθη,
ἀθανάτων δ᾽ ἀπέχειν
350
χέρας, οὐδέ τις ἐστὶ
συνδαίτωρ μετακοινος·
παλλεύκων δὲ πέπλων
ἄμοιρος ἄκληρος ἐτύχθην.
δωμάτων γὰρ εἱλόμαν
355
ἀνατροπάς, ὅταν Ἄρης
τιθασὸς ὢν φίλον ἕλῃ.
ἐπὶ τόν, ὦ, διόμεναι
κρατερὸν ὄνθ᾽ ὁμοίως
μαυροῦμεν ὑφ᾽ αἵματος νέου.
360
τινα τάσδε μερίμνας,
θεῶν δ᾽ ἀτέλειαν ἐμαῖ
σι λιταῖς ἐπικραίνειν,
μηδ᾽ εἰς ἄγκρισιν ἐλθεῖν·
365
Ζεὺς γὰρ αἱματοσταγὲς ἀ-
ξιόμισον ἔθνος τόδε λέσχας
ᾶς ἀπηξιώσατο.
3
δόξαι τ᾽ ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλ᾽ ὑπ᾽ αἰθέρι
σεμναὶ ταχόμεναι
370
κατὰ γῆν μινύθουσιν ἄτιμοι
ἡμετέραις ἐφόδοις μελανείμοσιν
ὀρχησμοῖς τ᾽ ἐπιφθόνοις ποδός.
μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα
ἀνέκαθεν βαρυπεσῆ
375
καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμάν,
σφαλερὰ τανυδρόμοις
κῶλα, δύσφορον ἄταν.
3
πίπτων δ᾽ οὐκ οἶδεν τόδ' ὑπ᾽ ἄφρονι
λύμᾳ. τοῖον ἐπὶ
380
μένει γάρ. εὐμήχανοι
τε καὶ τέλειοι κακῶν
385
τε μνήμονες, σεμναὶ
καὶ δυσπαρήγοροι βροτοῖς,
ἄτιμ᾽ ἀτίετα διέπομεν
λάχη θεῶν διχοστατοῦντ᾽
ἀνηλίῳ λάμπα, δυσοδοπαίπαλα
390
δερκομένοισι καὶ δυσομμάτοις ὁμῶς.
4
τίς οὖν τάδ᾽ οὐχ άζεταί
τε καὶ δέδοικεν βροτῶν,
ἐμοῦ κλύων θεσμὸν
τὸν μοιρόκραντον ἐκ θεῶν
395
δοθέντα τέλεον; ἔπι δέ μοι
γέρας παλαιόν, οὐδ᾽
ἀτιμίας κυρῶ, καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα
τάξιν ἔχουσα καὶ δυσήλιον κνέφας.
πρόσωθεν ἐξήκουσα κληδόνος βοὴν
400
ἀπὸ Σκαμάνδρου γῆν καταφθατουμένη,
ἣν δῆτ᾽ Ἀχαιῶν ἄκτορές τε καὶ πρόμοι,
τῶν αἰχμαλώτων χρημάτων λάχος μέγα,
ἔνειμαν αὐτόπρεμνον εἰς τὸ πᾶν ἐμοί,
ἐξαίρετον δώρημα θησέως τόκοις·
405
ἔνθεν διώκουσ᾽ ἦλθον ἄτρυτον πόδα,
πτερῶν ἄτερ ῥοιβδοῦσα κόλπον αἰγίδος,
πώλοις ἀκμαίοις τόνδ᾽ ἐπιζεύξασ᾽ ὄχον.
καινὴν δ᾽ ὁρῶσα τήνδ᾽ ὁμιλίαν χθονὸς
ταρβῶ μὲν οὐδέν, θαῦμα δ᾽ ὄμμασιν πάρα.
410
τίνες ποτ᾽ ἐστέ; πᾶσι δ᾽ ἐς κοινόν λέγω,
βρέτας τε το μὸν τῷδ᾽ ἐφημένῳ ξένῳ,
ὑμᾶς δ᾽ ὁμοίας οὐδενὶ σπαρτῶν γένει,
οὔτ᾽ ἐν θεαῖσι πρὸς θεῶν ὁρωμένας
οὔτ᾽ οὖν βροτείοις ἐμφερεῖς μορφώμασιν.
415
λέγειν δ᾽ ἄμορφον ὄντα τοὺς πέλας κακῶς
πρόσω δικαίων ἠδ᾽ ἀποστατεῖ θέμις.
τί πρὸς τάδ᾽ εἰπεῖν, ὦ ξέν᾽, ἐν μέρει θέλεις;
λέξας δὲ χώραν καὶ γένος καὶ ξυμφορὰς
440
τὰς σάς, ἔπειτα τόνδ᾽ ἀμυναθοῦ ψόγου·
εἴπερ πεποιθὼς τῇ δίκῃ βρέτας τόδε
ἧσαι φυλάσσων ἑστίας ἁμῆς πέλας
σεμνὸς προσίκτωρ ἐν τρόποις Ἰξίονος.
τούτοις ἀμείβου πᾶσιν εὐμαθές τί μοι.
445
τὸ πρᾶγμα μεῖζον εἴ τις οἴεται τόδε
βροτοῖς δικάζειν, οὐδὲ μὴν ἐμοὶ θέμις
νῦν καταστροφαὶ νέων
θεσμίων, εἰ κρατή-
σει δίκα τε καὶ βλάβα
495
τοῦδε μητροκτόνου.
πάντας ἤδη τόδ᾽ ἔργον εὐχερεί-
ᾳ συναρμόσει βροτούς,
πολλὰ δ᾽ ἔτυμα παιδότρωτα
πάθεα προσμένει τοκεῦ-
500
σιν μεταὖθις ἐν χρόνῳ.
1
οὔτε γὰρ βροτοσκόπους
μαινάδας τῶνδ᾽ ἐφέρ-
ψει κότος τις ἐργμάτων·
πάντ᾽ ἐφήσω μόρον.
505
πεύσεται δ᾽ ἄλλος ἄλλοθεν, προφω-
νῶν τὰ τῶν πέλας κακά,
λῆξιν ὑπόδοσιν τε μόχθων
ἄκεά τ᾽ οὐ βέβαια τλά-
μηδέ τις κικλησκέτω
ξυμφορᾷ τετυμμένος,
τοῦτ᾽ ἔπος θροούμενος·
ὦ δίκα,
ὦ θρόνοι τ᾽ Ἐρινύων.
515
ταῦτά τις τάχ᾽ ἂν πατὴρ
ἢ τεκοῦσα νεοπαθὴς
οἶκτον οἰκτίσαιτ', ἐπει-
δὴ πίτνει δόμος δίκας.
2
ἔσθ' ὅπου τὸ δεινὸν εὖ,
520
καὶ φρενῶν ἐπίσκοπον
δεῖ μένειν καθήμενον.
ξυμφέρει
σωφρονεῖν ὑπὸ στένει.
τίς δὲ μηδὲν ἐν φάει
525
καρδίαν ἀνατρέφων
ἢ πόλις βροτός θ' ὁμοί-
μήτ' ἄναρκτον βίον
μήτε δεσποτούμενον
530
αἰνέσης.
παντὶ μέσῳ τὸ κράτος
θεὸς ὤπασεν, ἄλλ᾽
ἄλλα δ᾽ ἐφορεύει.
ξύμμετρον δ᾽ ἔπος λέγω·
535
δυσσεβίας μὲν ὕβρις
τέκος ὡς ἐτύμως,
ἐκ δ᾽ ὑγιείας
φρενῶν ὁ πᾶσι φίλος καὶ
πολύευκτος ὄλβος.
540
3
ἐς τὸ πᾶν δέ σοι λέγω·
βωμὸν αἴδεσαι δίκας,
μηδέ νιν
κέρδος ἰδὼν ἀθέῳ
ποδὶ λὰξ ἀτίσῃς·
545
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Εὐμενίδες. Martin L. West, 1990.) — 34 focus
ἦ δεινὰ λέξαι, δεινὰ δ᾽ ὀφθαλμοῖς δρακεῖν
πάλιν μ᾽ ἔπεμψεν ἐκ δόμων τῶν Λοξίου,
35
ἰὼ παῖ Διός·
150
ἐπίκλοπος πέληι,
νέος δὲ γραίας δαίμονας καθιππάσω,
τὸν ἱκέταν σέβων, ἄθεον ἄνδρα καὶ
τοκεῦσιν πικρόν·
τὸν μητραλοίαν δ᾽ ἐξέκλεψας ὢν θεός,
155
τί τῶνδ᾽ ἐρεῖ τις δικαίως ἔχειν;
ἐμοὶ δ᾽ ὄνειδος ἐξ ὀνειράτων μολὸν
ἔτυψεν δίκαν διφρηλάτου
μεσολαβεῖ κέντρωι
ὑπὸ φρένας, ὑπὸ λοβόν·
160
πάρεστι μαστίκτορος
δαΐου δαμίου
βαρύ τι περίβαρυ κρύος ἔχειν.
τοιαῦτα δρῶσιν οἱ νεώτεροι θεοί,
κρατοῦντες τὸ πᾶν δίκας πλέον
165
φονολιβῆ θρόνον ἴδου
περὶ πόδα, περὶ κάρα·
ἐφεστίωι δὲ μάντις ὢ⟨ν⟩ μιάσματι
μυχὸν ἐχράνατ᾽ αὐτόσσυτος αὐτόκλητος,
παρὰ νόμον θεῶν βρότεα μὲν τίων,
παλαιγενεῖς δὲ Μοίρας φθίσας.
κἀμοί τε λυπρός, καὶ τὸν οὐκ ἐκλύσεται·
175
ὑπὸ δὲ γᾶν φυγὼν οὔποτ᾽ ἐλευθεροῦται,
ποτιτρόπαιος ὢν δ᾽ ἕτερον ἐν κάραι
μιάστορ’ †ἐκείνου† πάσεται.
— ὅρα ὅρα μάλ᾽ αὖ· λεῦσσε τό⟨πο⟩ν πάντα,
255
μὴ λάθηι φύγδα βὰς ⟨ὁ⟩ ματροφόνος ἀτίτας.
ὅδ᾽ αὖτε γοῦν† ἀλκὰν ἔχων
περὶ βρέτει πλεχθεὶς θεᾶς ἀμβρότου
ὑπόδικος θέλει γενέσθαι χρεῶν.
260
τὸ δ᾽ οὐ πάρεστιν· αἷμα μητρῶιον χαμαὶ
δυσαγκόμιστον, παπαῖ·
τὸ διερὸν πέδοι χύμενον οἴχεται.
ἀλλ᾽ ἀντιδοῦναι δεῖ σ’ ἀπὸ ζῶντος ῥοφεῖν
ἐρυθρὸν ἐκ μελέων πελανόν, ἀπὸ δὲ σοῦ
265
βοσχὰν φεροίμαν πώματος δυσπότου·
καὶ ζῶντά σ’ ἰσχνάνασ’ ἀπάξομαι κάτω,
μᾶτερ ἅ μ᾽ ἔτικτες, ὦ
μᾶτερ Νύξ, ἀλαοῖσι καὶ δεδορκόσιν ποινάν,
κλῦθ’· ὁ Λατοῦς γὰρ ἶνίς μ᾽ ἄτιμον τίθησιν
τόνδ’ ἀφαιρούμενος πτῶκα, ματρῶιον ἅγ-
325
νισμα κύριον φόνου.
τοῦτο γὰρ λάχος διαν-
ταία Μοῖρ᾽ ἐπέκλωσεν ἐμπέδως ἔχειν· θνατῶν
335
τοῖσιν αὐτουργίαι ξυμπαγῶσιν μάταιοι,
τοῖς ὁμαρτεῖν, ὄφρ’ ἂν γᾶν ὑπέλθηι· θανὼν δ’
οὐκ ἄγαν ἐλεύθερος.
340
ἐπὶ δὲ τῶι τεθυμένωι
τόδε μέλος, παρακοπά,
παραφορά, φρενοδαλὴς
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρ-
345
μιγκτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς.
δωμάτων γὰρ εἱλόμαν
ἀνατροπάς· ὅταν Ἄρης
355
τιθασὸς ὢν φίλον ἕληι,
ἐπὶ τόν, ὤ, διόμεναι
κρατερὸν ὄνθ’ †ὁμοίως
μαυροῦμεν ὑφ’ αἵματος νέου†.
σπευδόμενος δ’ ἀφελεῖν τινα τᾶσδε μερίμνας,
360
θεῶν δ’ ἀτέλειαν ἐμαῖσι λιταῖς ἐπικραίνειν,
δόξαι δ’ ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλ’ ὑπ’ αἰθέρι σεμναὶ
τακόμεναι κατὰ γᾶν μινύθουσιν ἄτιμοι
ἁμετέραις ἐφόδοις μελανείμοσιν
370
ὀρχησμοῖς τ’ ἐπιφ⟨θ⟩όνοις ποδός.
μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα
ἀνέκαθεν βαρυπετῆ
καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμάν —
σφαλερὰ ⟨καὶ⟩ τανυδρόμοις
375
κῶλα — δύσφορον ἄταν.
πίπτων δ’ οὐχ οἶδεν τόδ’ ὑπ’ ἄφρονι λύμαι·
τοῖον ἐπὶ κνέφας ἀνδρὶ μύσους πεπόταται,
μέλει γάρ, εὐμήχανοι
δὲ καὶ τέλειοι, κακῶν
τε μνάμονες, σεμναὶ
καὶ δυσπαρήγοροι βροτοῖς,
{ἄτιμα} ἀτίετα διόμεναι λάχη
385
θεῶν διχοστατοῦντ᾽ ἀναλίωι λάπαι,
†δυσοδοπαίπαλα† δερχομένοισι
καὶ δυσομμάτοις ὁμῶς.
τίς οὖν τάδ᾽ οὐχ ἅζεταί
τε καὶ δέδοικεν βροτῶν,
390
ἐμοῦ κλύων θεσμὸν
τὸν μοιρόκραντον ἐκ θεῶν
δοθέντα τέλεον; ἔπι δέ μοι
γέρας παλαιόν, οὐδ᾽ ἀτιμίας κυρῶ,
καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα τάξιν ἔχουσα
395
καὶ δυσάλιον κνέφας.
οὔτε γὰρ βροτοσκόπων
μαινάδων τῶνδ’ ἐφέρ-
500
ψει κότος τις ἐργμάτων·
πάντ᾽ ἐφήσω μόρον·
μηδέ τις κιχληισκέτω
ξυμφορᾶι τετυμμένος
τοῦτ᾽ ἔπος θροούμενος,
510
“ὦ Δίκα”,
“ὦ θρόνοι τ’ Ἐρινύων”.
ταῦτά τις τάχ᾽ ἂν πατὴρ
ἢ τεκοῦσα νεοπαθὴς
οἶκτον οἰκτίσαιτ᾽, ἐπει-
515
δὴ πίτνει δόμος Δίκας.
ἔσθ᾽ ὅπου τὸ δεινὸν εὖ,
καὶ φρενῶν ἐπίσκοπον
δεῖμ᾽ ἄνω καθήμενον·
ξυμφέρει
520
σωφρονεῖν ὑπὸ στένει.
μήτ᾽ ἄναρκτον βίον
μήτε δεσποτούμενον
αἰνέσηις·
παντὶ μέσωι τὸ κράτος θεὸς ὥπασεν,
ἄλλ᾽ ἄλλαι δ᾽ ἐφορεύει.
530
ξύμμετρον δ᾽ ἔπος λέγω·
δυσσεβίας μὲν ὕβρις τέκος ὡς ἐτύμως,
ἐκ δ᾽ ὑγιείας
φρενῶν ὁ πᾶσιν φίλος
καὶ πολύευκτος ὄλβος.
535
εἰς τὸ πᾶν {δέ} σοι λέγω·
βωμὸν αἴδεσαι Δίκας,
μηδέ νιν
κέρδος ἰδὼν ἀθέωι ποδὶ λάξ ἀτί-
σηις, ποινὰ γὰρ ἐπέσται·
540
κύριον μένει τέλος.
Aeschyli Eumenides (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschyli Eumenides. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, 1914.) — 34 focus
δεινὰ λέξαι δεινὰ δ᾽ ὀφθαλμοῖς δρακεῖν
πάλιν μ᾽ ἔπεμψεν ἐκ δόμων τῶν Λοξίου,
35
ὡς μήτε σωκεῖν μήτε μ᾿ ἀκταίνειν στάσιν·
τρέχω δὲ χερσίν, οὐ ποδωκείαι σκελῶν·
δείσασα γὰρ γραῦς οὐδέν, ἀντίπαις μὲν οὖν.
ἐγὼ μὲν ἕρπω πρὸς πολυστεφῆ μυχόν,
ὁρῶ δ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ὀμφαλῶι μὲν ἄνδρα θεομυσῆ
40
ἕδρας ἔχοντα προστρόπαιον, αἵματι
στάζοντα χεῖρας καὶ νεοσπαδὲς ξίφος
ἔχοντ᾽ ἐλαίας θ᾽ ὑψιγέννητον κλάδον,
ἐπάθομεν, φίλαι,
πολλὰ δὴ παθοῦσα καὶ μάτην ἐγώ.
145
ἐπάθομεν πάθος
δυσαχές, ὦ πόποι, ἄφερτον κακόν·
ἐξ ἀρκύων πέπτωκεν οἴχεταί θ’ ὁ θήρ.
ἰὼ παῖ Διός
150
ἐπίκλοπος πέληι
νέος δὲ γραίας δαίμονας καθιππάσω.
τὸν ἱκέταν σέβων,
ἄθεον ἄνδρα καὶ
τοκεῦσιν πικρόν.
155
τὸν μητραλοίαν δ᾽ ἐξέκλεψας ὢν θεός.
τί τῶνδ᾽ ἐρεῖ τις δικαίως ἔχειν; =
ἐμοὶ δ’ ὄνειδος ἐξ ὀνειράτων μολὸν
ἔτυψεν δίκαν
διφρηλάτου
160
μεσολαβεῖ κέντρωι
ὑπὸ φρένας,
ὑπὸ λοβόν.
πάρεστι μαστίκτορος δαΐου δαμίου
βαρὺ περίβαρυ τὸ κρύος ἔχειν.
165
τοιαῦτα δρῶσιν οἱ νεώτεροι θεοί
κρατοῦντες τὸ πᾶν δίκας πλέον·
φονολιβῆ θρόνον
περὶ πόδα
περὶ κάρα
170
πάρεστι γᾶς (τ’) ὀμφαλὸν προσδρακεῖν αἱμάτων
βλοσυρὸν ἀρόμενον ἄγος ἔχειν. =
ἐφεστίωι δὲ μάντις ὢν μιάσματι
μυχὸν ἐχράνατ’ αὐτόσσυτος αὐτόκλητος,
παρὰ νόμον θεῶν βρότεα μὲν τίων,
175
κἀμοίγε λυπρὸς καὶ τὸν οὐκ ἐκλύσεται,
ὑπὸ δὲ γᾶν φυγὼν οὔποτ᾽ ἐλευθεροῦται,
ποτιτρόπαιος ὢν δ’ ἕτερον ἐν κάραι
μιάστορ᾽ εἰσιν οὗ πάσεται. –
180
ὅρα ὅρα μάλ᾽ αὖ, λεύσσετε πάντα, μὴ
λάθηι φύγδα βὰς
255
[δ] ματροφόνος ἀτίτας.
ὅδ᾽ αὐτός· [οὖν] ἀλκὰν ἔχων
περὶ βρέτει πλεχθεὶς θεᾶς ἀμβρότου
ὑπόδικος θέλει γενέσθαι χρεῶν.
τὸ δ᾽ οὐ πάρεστιν· αἷμα μητρῶιον χαμαί
260
δυσαγκόμιστον, παπαῖ,
τὸ διερὸν πέδοι χύμενον οἴχεται.
ἀλλ᾽ ἀντιδοῦναι δεῖ σ᾽ ἀπὸ ζῶντος ῥοφεῖν
ἐρυθρὸν ἐκ μελέων πέλανον· ἀπὸ δέ σου
βοσκὰν φεροίμαν πώματος δυσπότου.
265
καὶ ζῶντά σ᾿ ἰσχνάνασ᾽ ἀπάξομαι κάτω,
(ἵν᾽) ἀντιποίνους τίνηις μητροφόντας δύας.
ὄψει δὲ κεἴ τις ἄλλος ἤλιτεν βροτῶν
ἢ θεὸν ἢ ξένον τιν᾿ ἀσεβῶν
ἢ τοκέας φίλους,
270
ἔχονθ᾽ ἕκαστον τῆς δίκης ἐπάξια.
μέγας γὰρ ῞Αιδης ἐστὶν εὔθυνος βροτῶν
ἔνερθε χθονός,
δελτογράφωι δὲ πάντ᾽ ἐπωπᾶι φρενί.
ἄγε δὴ καὶ χορὸν ἅψωμεν, ἐπεὶ
μοῦσαν στυγεράν
ἀποφαίνεσθαι δεδόκηκεν,
λέξαι τε λάχη τὰ κατ᾿ ἀνθρώπους
ὡς ἐπινωμᾶι στάσις ἁμά.
310
εὐθυδίκαιοι δ᾽ εὐχόμεθ᾽ εἶναι·
τοὺς μὲν (καθαρῶς)
καθαρὰς χεῖρας προνέμοντας
οὔτις ἐφέρπει μῆνις ἀφ᾽ ἡμῶν,
ἀσινὴς δ᾽ αἰῶνα διοιχνεῖ·
315
ὅστις δ᾽ ἀλιτὼν ὥσπερ ὅδ᾽ ἁνὴρ
χεῖρας φονίας ἐπικρύπτει,
μάρτυρες ὀρθαὶ τοῖσι θανοῦσιν
παραγιγνόμεναι πράκτορες αἵματος
αὐτῶι τελέως ἐφάνημεν. ξ
320
μᾶτερ, ἅ μ᾿ ἔτικτες, ὦ
μᾶτερ Νύξ, ἀλαοῖσι καὶ δεδορκόσιν
ποινάν, κλῦθ᾽· ὁ Λατοῦς γὰρ ἰ-
νίς μ᾿ ἄτιμον τίθησι,
τόνδ᾽ ἀφαιρούμενος
325
ἐπὶ δὲ τῶι τεθυμένωι
τόδε μέλος, παρακοπά,
παραφορὰ φρενοδαλής,
330
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρ-
μικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς. –
τοῦτο γὰρ λάχος διαν-
ταία Μοῖρ᾽ ἐπέκλωσεν ἐμπέδως ἔχειν,
335
θνατῶν τοῖσιν αὐτουργίαι
ξύμπεσωσιν μάταιοι,
τοῖς ὁμαρτεῖν, ὄφρ᾽ ἂν
γᾶν ὑπέλθηι· θανὼν
δ᾽ οὐκ ἄγαν ἐλεύθερος.
340
ἐπὶ δὲ τῶι τεθυμένωι
τόδε μέλος, παρακοπά,
παραφορὰ φρενοδαλής,
ὕμνος ἐξ ᾿Ερινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρ-
345
μικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς. –
γιγνομέναισι λάχη τάδε φαμὶ κεκράνθαι,
ἀθανάτων δ᾽ ἀπέχειν χέρας, οὐδέ τίς ἐστι
συνδαίτωρ μετάκοινος·
παλλεύκων δὲ πέπλων ἀπόμοιρος ἄκληρος ἐτύχθην
350
σπευδόμενος δ᾽ ἀφελεῖν τινα τᾶσδε μερίμνας
θεῶν [δ᾽], ἀτέλειαν ἐμαῖσι λιταῖς ἐπικραίνων,
μηδ᾽ εἰς ἄγκρισιν ἐλθεῖν
Ζεὺς αἱμοσταγὲς ἀξιόμισον ἔθνος τόδε λέσχας
360
ὡς ἀπηξιώσατο.
〈δωμάτων γὰρ εἱλόμαν
ἀνατροπάς· ὅταν Ἄρης
τιθασὸς ὢν φίλον ἕληι,
ἐπὶ τόν, ὤ, διόμεναι
365
κρατερὸν ὄνθ᾽ ὁμοῖα μαυ-
ροῦμεν ὑφ᾽ αἵματος νέου.〉 –
δόξαι δ᾽ ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλ᾽ ὑπ᾿ αἰθέρι σεμναί
τακόμεναι κατὰ γᾶς μινύθουσιν ἄτιμοι
ἡμετέραις ἐφόδοις μελανείμοσιν ὀρχη-
370
σμοῖς τ᾽ ἐπιφθόνοις ποδός.
μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα
ἀνέκαθεν βαρυπεσῆ
καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμάν·
σφαλερὰ (γὰρ) τανυδρόμοις
375
κῶλα· δύσφορον ἄταν.
πίπτων δ᾽ οὐκ οἶδεν τόδ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ἄφρονι λύμαι.
τοῖον [γὰρ] ἐπὶ κνέφας ἀνδρὶ μύσος πεπόταται,
〈μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα
ἀνέκαθεν βαρυπεσῆ
καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμάν·
σφαλερὰ γὰρ τανυδρόμοις
κῶλα· δύσφορον ἄταν.)
385
μένει γάρ. εὐμήχανοι
δὲ καὶ τέλειοι κακών
τε μνήμονες Σεμναί,
καὶ δυσπαρήγοροι βροτοῖς
ἄτιμ᾿ ἀτίετα διόμεναι
390
λάχη θεῶν διχοστατοῦντ᾽ ἀνηλίωι
λάμπαι, δυσοδοπαίπαλα δερκομένοισι
καὶ δυσομμάτοις ὁμῶς. –
τίς οὖν τάδ᾽ οὐχ ἅζεταί
τε καὶ δέδοικεν βροτῶν,
395
ἐμοῦ κλύων θεσμόν
τὸν μοιρόκραντον ἐκ θεῶν
δοθέντα τέλεον; ἔπι δέ μοι
γέρας παλαιόν, οὐδ᾽ ἀτιμίας κυρῶ,
〈στυγνὰν) καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα τάξιν ἔχουσα
400
καὶ δυσήλιον κνέφας. =
οὐδὲ γὰρ βροτοσκόπων
μαινάδων τῶνδ᾽ ἐφέρ-
ψει κότος τις ἐργμάτων·
500
πάντ᾽ ἐφήσω μόρον.
πεύσεται δ᾽ ἄλλος ἄλλοθεν, προφω-
νῶν τὰ τῶν πέλας κακά,
λῆξιν ὑπόδοσίν τε μόχθων·
ἄκεά τ᾽ οὐ βέβαια τλάμων [δέ τις] μάταν παρηγορεῖ.
505
μηδέ τις κικλησκέτω
ξυμφορᾶι τετυμμένος,
τοῦτ᾽ ἔπος θροούμενος·
„ὦ δίκα,
ὦ θρόνοι τ᾽ Ἐρινύων“.
510
ἔσθ᾽ ὅπου τὸ δεινὸν εὖ,
καὶ φρενῶν ἐπίσκοπον
δεῖ μένειν καθήμενον.
ξυμφέρει
σωφρονεῖν ὑπὸ στένει.
520
τίς δὲ μηδὲν ἐν φάει
† καρδίαν ἀνατρέφων
ἢ πόλις βροτός θ᾽ ὁμοίως ἔτ᾽ ἂν σέβοι δίκαν; =
μήτ᾽ ἄναρκτον βίον
μήτε δεσποτούμενον
525
αἰνέσηις.
παντὶ μέσωι τὸ κράτος θεὸς ὤπασεν, ἄλλ᾽ ἄλ-
λαι δ᾽ ἐφορεύει.
Σύμμετρον $\delta^{\circ}$ ἔπος λέγω,
δυσσεβίας μὲν ὕβρις τέκος ὡς ἐτύμως·
530
ἐκ δ᾽ ὑγιείας
φρενῶν ὁ πᾶσιν φίλος καὶ πολύευκτος ὄλβος. –
ἐς τὸ πᾶν δέ σοι λέγω,
βωμὸν αἴδεσαι δίκας·
μηδέ νιν
535
κέρδος ἰδὼν ἀθέωι ποδὶ λὰξ ἀτίσηις· ποι-
νὰ γὰρ ἐπέσται.
κύριον μένει τέλος.
πρὸς τάδε τις τοκέων σέβας εὖ προτίων
καὶ ξενοτίμους
540
ἐπιστροφὰς δωμάτων αἰδόμενός τις ἔστω. =
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek text of Aeschylus' Eumenides, edited by F. A. Paley, 1885.) — 34 focus
ἢ δεινὰ λέξαι δεινὰ δ᾽ ὀφθαλμοῖς δρακεῖν
πάλιν μ᾿ ἔπεμψεν ἐκ δόμων τῶν Λοξίου,
35
ὡς μήτε σωκεῖν μήτε μ᾿ ἀκταίνειν βάσιν·
τρέχω δὲ χερσὶν, οὐ ποδωκίᾳ σκελῶν·
δείσασα γὰρ γραῦς οὐδέν· ἀντίπαις μὲν οὖν.
ἐγὼ μὲν ἕρπω πρὸς πολυστεφῆ μυχόν.
ὁρῶ δ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ὀμφαλῷ μὲν ἄνδρα θεομυσή
40
ἕδραν ἔχοντα προστρόπαιον, αἵματι
στάζοντα χεῖρας, καὶ νεοσπαδὲς ξίφος
ἔχοντ᾽, ἐλαίας θ᾽ ὑψιγέννητον κλάδον
λήνει μεγίστῳ σωφρόνως ἐστεμμένον,
ἀργῆτι μαλλῷ. τῇδε γὰρ τρανῶς ἐρῶ.
45
πρόσθεν δὲ τἀνδρὸς τοῦδε θαυμαστὸς λόχος
εὕδει γυναικῶν ἐν θρόνοισιν ἥμενος.
οὔτοι γυναῖκας, ἀλλὰ Γοργόνας λέγω·
οὐδ᾽ αὖτε Γοργείοισιν εἰκάσω τύποις·
εἶδόν ποτ᾽ ἤδη Φινέως γεγραμμένας
50
δεῖπνον φερούσας· ἄπτεροί γε μὴν ἰδεῖν
αὗται, μέλαιναι δ᾽ ἐς τὸ πᾶν βδελύκτροποι·
ῥέγκουσι δ᾽ οὐ πλατοῖσι φυσιάμασιν·
ἐκ δ᾽ ὀμμάτων λείβουσι δυσφιλῆ λίβα·
καὶ κόσμος οὔτε πρὸς θεῶν ἀγάλματα
55
φέρειν δίκαιος, οὔτ᾽ ἐς ἀνθρώπων στέγας.
τὸ φῦλον οὐκ ὄπωπα τῆσδ᾽ ὁμιλίας,
οὐδ᾽ ἥτις αἷα τοῦτ᾽ ἐπεύχεται γένος
τρέφουσ᾽ ἀνατὶ μὴ μεταστένειν πόνον.
τἀντεῦθεν ἤδη τῶνδε δεσπότῃ δόμων
60
αὐτῷ μελέσθω Λοξίᾳ μεγασθενεῖ.
ἰατρόμαντις δ᾽ ἐστὶ καὶ τερασκόπος,
καὶ τοῖσιν ἄλλοις δωμάτων καθάρσιος.
οὔτοι προδώσω· διὰ τέλους δέ σοι φύλαξ
ἐγγὺς παρεστὼς, καὶ πρόσω δ᾽ ἀποστατῶν,
65
ἐχθροῖσι τοῖς σοῖς οὐ γενήσομαι πέπων.
καὶ νῦν ἁλούσας τάσδε τὰς μάργους ὁρᾷς·
† ὕπνῳ πεσοῦσαι δ᾽ αἱ κατάπτυστοι κόραι,
γραῖαι, παλαιαὶ παῖδες, αἷς οὐ μίγνυται
θεῶν τις, οὐδ᾽ ἄνθρωπος, οὐδὲ θήρ ποτε·
70
κακῶν δ᾽ ἕκατι κἀγένοντ᾽· ἐπεὶ κακὸν
σκότον νέμονται, Τάρταρόν θ᾽ ὑπὸ χθονὸς,
μισήματ᾿ ἀνδρῶν καὶ θεῶν Ὀλυμπίων,
ὅμως δὲ φεύγε, μηδὲ μαλθακὸς γένῃ.
ἐλῶσι γάρ σε καὶ δι' ἠπείρου μακρᾶς
75
βιβῶντ᾽ ἀν᾿ ἀεὶ τὴν πλανοστιβῆ χθόνα,
ὑπέρ τε πόντον καὶ περιρρύτας πόλεις.
καὶ μὴ πρόκαμνε τόνδε βουκολούμενος
πόνον· μολὼν δὲ Παλλάδος ποτὶ πτόλιν
ἵζου παλαιὸν ἄγκαθεν λαβὼν βρέτας·
80
κἀκεῖ δικαστὰς τῶνδε καὶ θελκτηρίους
μύθους ἔχοντες μηχανὰς εὑρήσομεν,
ὥστ᾽ ἐς τὸ πᾶν σε τῶνδ᾽ ἀπαλλάξαι πόνων.
καὶ γὰρ κτανεῖν σ᾽ ἔπεισα μητρῷον δέμας.
εὕδοιτ᾿ ἂν, ὠὴ, καὶ καθευδουσῶν τί δεῖ;
ἐγὼ δ᾽ ὑφ᾽ ὑμῶν ὧδ᾽ ἀπητιμασμένη
95
ἄλλοισιν ἐν νεκροῖσιν, ὡς μὲν ἔκτανον
ὄνειδος ἐν φθιτοῖσιν οὐκ ἐκλείπεται,
αἰσχρῶς δ᾽ ἀλῶμαι· προὐννέπω δ᾽ ὑμῖν ὅτι
ἔχω μεγίστην αἰτίαν κείνων ὕπο·
παθοῦσα δ᾽ οὕτω δεινὰ πρὸς τῶν φιλτάτων,
100
οὐδεὶς ὑπέρ μου δαιμόνων μηνίεται,
κατασφαγείσης πρὸς χερῶν μητροκτόνων.
ὁρᾶτε πληγὰς τάσδε καρδίας ὅθεν·
εὔδουσα γὰρ φρὴν ὄμμασιν λαμπρύνεται·
ἐν ἡμέρᾳ δὲ μοῖρ᾽ ἀπρόσκοπος βροτῶν.
105
ἢ πολλὰ μὲν δὴ τῶν ἐμῶν ἐλείξατε·
χοάς τ᾽ ἀοίνους, νηφάλια μειλίγματα,
καὶ νυκτίσεμνα δεῖπν᾿ ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάρᾳ πυρὸς
ἔθυον, ὥραν οὐδενὸς κοινὴν θεῶν.
καὶ πάντα ταῦτα λὰξ ὁρῶ πατούμενα·
110
ὁ δ᾽ ἐξαλύξας οἴχεται νεβροῦ δίκην,
καὶ ταῦτα κούφως ἐκ μέσων ἀρκυστάτων
ὤρουσεν, ὑμῖν ἐγκατιλλώψας μέγα.
ἀκούσαθ᾽· ὡς ἔλεξα τῆς ἐμῆς πέρι
ψυχῆς· φρονήσατ᾽, ὦ κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί.
115
ὄναρ γὰρ ὑμᾶς νῦν Κλυταιμνήστρα καλῶ.
μύζοιτ᾽ ἂν, ἀνὴρ δ᾽ οἴχεται φεύγων πρόσω·
φίλοις γάρ εἰσιν, οὐκ ἐμοὶ, προσίκτορες.
ἄγαν ὑπνώσσεις, κου κατοικτίζεις πάθος.
ὄναρ διώκεις θῆρα, κλαγγαίνεις δ᾽ ἅπερ
κύων μέριμναν οὔποτ᾽ ἐκλιπὼν πόνου.
τί δρᾷς; ἀνίστω, μή σε νικάτω πόνος,
μηδ᾽ ἀγνοήσῃς πῆμα μαλθαχθεῖσ᾽ ὕπνῳ.
ἄλγησον ἡπαρ ἐνδίκοις ὀνείδεσιν·
130
τοῖς σώφροσιν γὰρ ἀντίκεντρα γίγνεται.
σὺ δ᾽ αἱματηρὸν πνεῦμ᾽ ἐπουρίσασα τῷ,
ἀτμῷ κατισχναίνουσα, νηδύος πυρὶ,
ἕπου, μάραινε δευτέροις διώγμασιν.
ἰοὺ, ἰοὺ, πόπαξ. ἐπάθομεν, φίλαι
ἢ πολλὰ δὴ παθοῦσα καὶ μάταν ἐγώ, –
ἐπάθομεν πάθος δυσαχὲς, ὦ πόποι,
140
ἄφερτον κακόν.
ἐξ ἀρκύων πέπτωκεν, οἴχεται δ᾽ ὁ θήρ.
ὕπνῳ κρατηθεῖσ᾽ ἄγραν ὤλεσα.
ἰὼ, παῖ Διὸς, ἐπίκλοπος πέλει
νέος δὲ γραίας δαίμονας καθιππάσω,-
145
τὸν ἱκέταν σέβων, ἄθεον ἄνδρα καὶ
τοκεῦσιν πικρόν.
τὸν μητραλοίαν δ᾽ ἐξέκλεψας ὢν θεός.
τί τῶνδ᾽ ἐρεῖ τις δικαίως ἔχειν;
ἐμοὶ δὲ ὄνειδος ἐξ ὀνειράτων μολὸν
150
ἔτυψεν δίκαν διφρηλάτου
μεσολαβεῖ κέντρῳ
ὑπὸ φρένας, ὑπὸ λοβόν.
πάρεστι μαστίκτορος δαΐου δαμίου
βαρύ, τὸ περίβαρυ κρύος ἔχειν.
155
τοιαῦτα δρῶσιν οἱ νεώτεροι θεοὶ,
κρατοῦντες τὸ πᾶν δίκας πλέον·
φονολιβή θρόμβον
περὶ πόδα, περὶ κάρα-
πάρεστι γᾶς ὀμφαλὸν προσδρακεῖν αἱμάτων
160
βλοσυρὸν ἀρόμενον ἄγος ἔχειν,
ἐφεστίῳ δὲ, μάντις ὢν, μιάσματι
μυχὸν ἔχρανας αὐτόσσυτος, αὐτόκλητος,
παρὰ νόμον θεῶν βρότεα μὲν τίων,
παλαιγενεῖς δὲ Μοίρας φθίσας.
165
καμοί γε λυπρὸς, καὶ τὸν οὐκ ἐκλύσεται, ἀντ. γ΄.
ὑπό τε γᾶν φυγὼν οὔ ποτ᾽ ἐλευθεροῦται·
ποτιτρόπαιος ὢν δ᾽ ἕτερον ἐν κάρᾳ
μιάστορ᾽ ἐξ ἐμοῦ πάσεται.
ἔξω, κελεύω, τῶνδε δωμάτων τάχος
170
χωρεῖτ᾽, ἀπαλλάσσεσθε μαντικῶν μυχῶν
μὴ καὶ λαβούσα πτηνὸν ἀργηστὴν ὄφιν,
χρυσηλάτου θώμιγγος ἐξορμώμενον,
ἀνῆς ὑπ᾿ ἄλγους μέλαν᾿ ἀπ᾿ ἀνθρώπων ἀφρὸν,
ἐμοῦσα θρόμβους οὓς ἀφείλκυσας φόνου.
175
οὔτοι δόμοισι τοῖσδε χρίμπτεσθαι πρέπει·
ἀλλ᾽ οὗ καρανιστῆρες ὀφθαλμωρύχοι
δίκαι, σφαγαί τε, σπέρματός τ᾿ ἀποφθορᾷ
παίδων κακοῦται χλοῦνις, ἠδ᾽ ἀκρωνία
λευσμοί τε, καὶ μύζουσιν οἰκτισμὸν πολὺν
180
ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγέντες. ἆρ᾿ ἀκούετε
οἷας ἑορτῆς ἔστ᾽ ἀπόπτυστοι θεοῖς
στέργηθρ᾽ ἔχουσαι; πᾶς δ᾽ ὑφηγεῖται τρόπος
μορφῆς. λέοντος ἄντρον αἱματορρόφου
οἰκεῖν τοιαύτας εἰκὸς, οὐ χρηστηρίοις
185
ἐν τοῖσδε πλησίοισι τρίβεσθαι μύσος.
χωρεῖτ᾽ ἄνευ βοτῆρος αἰπολούμεναι·
ποίμνης τοιαύτης δ᾽ οὔτις εὐφιλὴς θεῶν.
ἢ κάρτ᾽ ἄτιμα καὶ παρ᾿ οὐδὲν εἰργάσω
Ἥρας Τελείας καὶ Διὸς πιστώματα·
205
Κύπρις δ᾽ ἄτιμος τῷδ᾽ ἀπέρριπται λόγῳ,
ὅθεν βροτοῖσι γίγνεται τὰ φίλτατα.
εὐνὴ γὰρ ἀνδρὶ καὶ γυναικὶ μορσίμη
ὅρκου ἐστὶ μείζων τῇ δίκῃ φρουρουμένη.
εἰ τοῖσιν οὖν κτείνουσιν ἀλλήλους χαλᾷς,
210
τὸ μὴ γενέσθαι μηδ᾽ ἐποπτεύειν κότῳ,
οὔ φημ᾽ Ὀρέστην σ᾽ ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖν.
τὰ μὲν γὰρ οἶδα κάρτα σ᾽ ἐνθυμουμένην,
τὰ δ᾽ ἐμφανῶς πράσσουσαν ἡσυχαιτέραν.
δίκας δὲ Παλλὰς τῶνδ᾽ ἐποπτεύσει θεά.
215
ὅρα, ὅρα μάλ᾽ αὖ, παντᾶ λεῦσσε μὴ
245
λάθῃ φύγδα βὰς ματροφόνος ἀτίτας.
ὁ δ᾽ αὐτέ γ᾽ ἀλκὰν ἔχων
περὶ βρέτει πλεχθεὶς θεᾶς ἀμβρότου
ὑπόδικος θέλει γενέσθαι χερῶν.
250
τὸ δ᾽ οὐ πάρεστιν· αἷμα ματρῷον χαμαὶ
δυσαγκόμιστον, παπαῖ.
τὸ διερὸν πέδοι χύμενον οἴχεται.
ἀλλ᾽ ἀντιδοῦναι δεῖ σ᾽ ἀπὸ ζῶντος ῥοφεῖν
ἐρυθρὸν ἐκ μελέων πέλανον· ἀπὸ δὲ σου
255
βοσκὰν φεροίμαν πώματος δυσπότου·
καὶ ζῶντά σ᾿ ἰσχνάνασ᾽ ἀπάξομαι κάτω,
ἀντιποίνους τίνειν ματροφόνους δύας.
ὄψει δὲ κεἴ τις ἄλλος ἤλιτεν βροτῶν
260
ἢ θεὸν ἢ ξένον τιν᾿ οὐκ εὐσεβῶν ἢ τοκέας φίλους,
ἔχονθ᾽ ἕκαστον τῆς δίκης ἐπάξια.
μέγας γὰρ "Αιδης ἐστὶν εὔθυνος βροτῶν
ἔνερθε χθονός,
δελτογράφῳ δὲ πάντ᾽ ἐπωπᾷ φρενί.
265
ἐγὼ, διδαχθεὶς ἐν κακοῖς, ἐπίσταμαι
πολλοὺς καθαρμοὺς, καὶ λέγειν ὅπου δίκη,
σιγᾶν θ᾽ ὁμοίως· ἐν δὲ τῷδε πράγματι
φωνεῖν ἐτάχθην πρὸς σοφοῦ διδασκάλου·
βρίζει γὰρ αἷμα καὶ μαραίνεται χερός,
270
μητροκτόνον μίασμα δ᾽ ἔκπλυτον πέλει·
ποταίνιον γὰρ ὂν πρὸς ἑστίᾳ θεοῦ
Φοίβου καθαρμοῖς ἠλάθη χοιροκτόνοις.
πολὺς δέ μοι γένοιτ᾽ ἂν ἐξ ἀρχῆς λόγος,
ὅσοις προσῆλθον ἀβλαβεῖ ξυνουσίᾳ.
275
χρόνος καθαίρει πάντα γηράσκων ὁμοῦ.
καὶ νῦν ἀφ᾽ ἁγνοῦ στόματος εὐφήμως καλῶ
χώρας ἄνασσαν τῆσδ᾽ ᾿Αθηναίαν ἐμοὶ
μολεῖν ἀρωγόν· κτήσεται δ᾽ ἄνευ δορὸς
αὐτόν τε καὶ γῆν καὶ τὸν ᾿Αργεῖον λεών,
280
πιστὸν δικαίως ἐς τὸ πᾶν τε σύμμαχον.
ἀλλ᾽ εἴτε χώρας ἐν τόποις Λιβυστικοῖς,
Τρίτωνος ἀμφὶ χεῦμα γενεθλίου πόρου,
τίθησιν ὀρθὸν ἢ κατηρεφή πόδα
φίλοις ἀρήγουσ᾽, εἴτε Φλεγραίαν πλάκα,
285
θρασύς ταγοῦχος ὡς ἀνὴρ, ἐπισκοπεῖ,
ἔλθοι,-κλύει δὲ καὶ πρόσωθεν ὢν θεὸς, -
ὅπως γένοιτο τῶνδ᾽ ἐμοὶ λυτήριος.
οὔτοι σ᾽ ᾿Απόλλων οὐδ᾽ ᾿Αθηναίας σθένος
ῥύσαιτ᾽ ἂν, ὥστε μὴ οὐ παρημελημένον
290
ἔρρειν, τὸ χαίρειν μὴ μαθόνθ᾽ ὅπου φρενών,
ἀναίματον βόσκημα δαιμόνων, σκιάν.
οὐδ᾽ ἀντιφωνεῖς, ἀλλ᾽ ἀποπτύεις λόγους,
ἐμοὶ τραφείς τε καὶ καθιερωμένος;
καὶ ζῶν με δαίσεις, οὐδὲ πρὸς βωμῷ σφαγείς·
295
ὕμνον δ᾽ ἀκούσει τόνδε δέσμιον σέθεν.
ἄγε δὴ καὶ χορὸν ἅψωμεν, ἐπεὶ
μοῦσαν στυγερὰν
ἀποφαίνεσθαι δεδόκηκεν,
λέξαι τε λάχη τὰ κατ᾿ ἀνθρώπους
300
ὡς ἐπινωμᾷ στάσις ἁμά·
εὐθυδίκαιοι δ᾽ οἰόμεθ᾽ εἶναι.
τὸν μὲν καθαρὰς χεῖρας προνέμοντ᾽
οὔτις ἀφ᾽ ἡμῶν μῆνις ἐφέρπει,
ἀσινὴς δ᾽ αἰῶνα διοιχνεῖ·
305
ὅστις δ᾽ ἀλιτών, ὥσπερ ὅδ᾽ ἀνὴρ,
χεῖρας φονίας ἐπικρύπτει,
μάρτυρες ὀρθαὶ τοῖσι θανοῦσιν
παραγιγνόμεναι πράκτορες αἵματος
αὐτῷ τελέως ἐφάνημεν.
310
μᾶτερ ἃ μ᾿ ἔτικτες, ὦ μᾶτερ
Νὺξ, ἀλαοῖσι καὶ δεδορκόσιν
ποινὰν, κλῦθ᾽· ὁ Λατοῦς γὰρ ἶνίς μ᾿ ἄτιμον τιθησιν,
τόνδ᾽ ἀφαιρούμενος
πτῶκα, ματρῷον ἄγνισμα κύριον φόνου.
315
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τεθυμένῳ
τόδε μέλος, παρακοπὰ, παραφορὰ φρενοδαλής,
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρμικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς.
τοῦτο γὰρ λάχος διανταία
320
μοῖρ᾽ ἐπέκλωσεν ἐμπέδως ἔχειν,
θνατῶν τοῖσιν αὐτουργίαι ξυμπέσωσιν μάταιοι,
τοῖς ὁμαρτεῖν, ὄφρ᾽ ἂν
γἂν ὑπέλθῃ· θανὼν δ᾽ οὐκ ἄγαν ἐλεύθερος.
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τεθυμένῳ
325
τόδε μέλος, παρακοπὰ, παραφορὰ φρενοδαλὴς,
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρμικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς.
γεινομέναισι λάχη τάδ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἁμὶν ἐκράνθη· στρ. β΄.
ἀθανάτων δ᾽ ἀπέχειν χέρας, οὐδέ τις ἐστὶ
330
ξυνδαίτωρ μετάκοινος.
παλλεύκων πέπλων δ᾽ * * ἄμοιρος ἄκληρος ἐτύχθην·
δωμάτων γὰρ εἱλόμαν
ἀνατροπὰς, ὅταν ῎Αρης
τιθασὸς ὢν φίλον ἕλῃ·
335
ἐπὶ τὸν, ὦ, διόμεναι
κρατερὸν ὄντα περ ὅμως
μαυροῦμεν νέον αἷμα.
σπευδόμεναι δ᾽ ἀφελεῖν τινὰ τάσδε μερίμνας,
340
θεῶν δ᾽ ἀτέλειαν ἐμαῖσι λιταῖς ἐπικραίνειν
μηδ᾽ εἰς ἄγκρισιν ἐλθεῖν, —
Ζεὺς γὰρ αἱματοσταγὲς ἀξιόμισον ἔθνος τόδε λέσχας
ἃς ἀπηξιώσατο, -
μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα
345
ἀνέκαθεν βαρυπεσή
καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμὰν,
σφαλερὰ * καὶ τανυδρόμοις
κῶλα, δύσφορον ἄταν.
350
δόξαι τ᾽ ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλ᾽ ὑπ᾿ αἰθέρι σεμναὶ στρ. γ΄.
τακόμεναι κατὰ γᾶς μινύθουσιν ἄτιμοι
ἁμετέραις ἐφόδοις μελανείμοσιν,
ὀρχησμοῖς τ᾽ ἐπιφθόνοις ποδός.
πίπτων δ᾽ οὐκ οἶδεν τόδ᾽ ὑπ᾿ ἄφρονι λύμᾳ· ἀντ. γ΄.
355
τοῖον ἐπὶ κνέφας ἀνδρὶ μύσος πεπόταται,
καὶ δνοφεράν τιν᾿ ἀχλὺν κατὰ δώματος
αὐδᾶται πολύστονος φάτις.
μένει γάρ· εὐμήχανοι
δὲ καὶ τέλειοι, κακῶν
360
τε μνήμονες Σεμναὶ,
καὶ δυσπαρήγοροι βροτοῖς,
ἄτιμ᾿ ἀτίετα διόμεναι
λάχη, θεῶν διχοστατοῦντ᾽,
ἀνηλίῳ λάμπᾳ, δυσοδοπαίπαλα
365
δερκομένοισι καὶ δυσομμάτοις ὁμῶς.
τίς οὖν τάδ᾽ οὐχ αζεταί
τε καὶ δέδοικεν βροτῶν,
ἐμοῦ κλύων θεσμὸν
τὸν μοιρόκραντον ἐκ θεῶν
370
δοθέντα τέλεον; ἐπὶ δέ μοι
γέρας παλαιὸν * ἐστὶν, οὐδ᾽
ἀτιμίας κύρω, καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα
τάξιν ἔχουσα καὶ δυσήλιον κνέφας.
πρόσωθεν ἐξήκουσα κληδόνος βοὴν
375
ἀπὸ Σκαμάνδρου, γῆν καταφθατουμένη,
ἣν δῆτ᾽ ᾿Ἀχαιῶν ἄκτορές τε καὶ πρόμοι,
τῶν αἰχμαλώτων χρημάτων λάχος μέγα,
ἔνειμαν αὐτόπρεμνον εἰς τὸ πᾶν ἐμοὶ,
ἐξαίρετον δώρημα Θησέως τόκοις·
380
ἔνθεν διώκουσ᾽ ἦλθον ἄτρυτον πόδα,
πτερῶν ἄτερ ῥοιβδοῦσα κόλπον αἰγίδος,
πώλοις ἀκμαίοις τ νδ᾽ ἐπιζεύξασ᾽ ὄχον.
καινὴν δ᾽ ὁρῶσα τήνδ᾽ ὁμιλίαν χθονὸς
ταρβῶ μὲν οὐδὲν, θαῦμα δ᾽ ὄμμασιν πάρα,
385
τίνες ποτ᾽ ἐστὲ, πᾶσι δ᾽ ἐς κοινὸν λέγω,
βρέτας τε τοὐμὸν τῷδ᾽ ἐφημένῳ ξένῳ·
ὑμᾶς δ᾽ ὁμοίας οὐδενὶ σπαρτῶν γένει,
οὔτ᾽ ἐν θεαῖσι πρὸς θεῶν ὁρωμένας,
οὔτ᾽ οὖν βροτείοις ἐμφερεῖς μορφώμασιν, -
390
λέγειν δ᾽ ἄμομφον ὄντα τοὺς πέλας κακῶς,
πρόσω δικαίων, ἠδ᾽ ἀποστατεῖ θέμις.
τί πρὸς τάδ᾽ εἰπεῖν, ὦ ξέν᾽, ἐν μέρει θέλεις ;
λέξας δὲ χώραν καὶ γένος καὶ ξυμφορὰς
415
τὰς σὰς, ἔπειτα τόνδ᾽ ἀμυνάθου ψόγον·
εἴπερ πεποιθὼς τῇ δίκῃ βρέτας τόδε
ἧσαι φυλάσσων ἑστίας ἁμῆς πέλας,
σεμνὸς προσίκτωρ, ἐν τρόποις Ιξίονος.
τούτοις ἀμείβου πᾶσιν εὐμαθές τί μοι.
420
τὸ πρᾶγμα μεῖζον, εἴτις οἴεται τόδε
βροτὸς δικάζειν· οὐδὲ μὴν ἐμοὶ θέμις
νῦν καταστροφαὶ νέων
θεσμίων, εἰ κρατήσει δίκα τε καὶ βλάβα
τοῦδε μητροκτόνου.
470
πάντας ἤδη τόδ᾽ ἔργον εὐχερείᾳ ξυναρμόσει βροτούς.
πολλὰ δ᾽ ἔτυμα παιδότρωτα
πάθεα προσμένει τοκεῦσιν μεταῦθις ἐν χρόνῳ.
475
οὔτε γὰρ βροτοσκόπων
μαινάδων τῶνδ᾽ ἐφέρψει κότος τις ἐργμάτων,
πάντ᾽ ἐφήσω μόρον,
πεύσεται δ᾽ ἄλλος ἄλλοθεν, προφωνῶν τὰ τῶν πέλας κακὰ,
480
λῆξιν ὑπόδοσίν τε μόχθων·
ἄκεά τ᾽ οὐ βέβαια τλάμων [δέ τις] μάταν παρηγορεῖ.
μηδέ τις κικλησκέτω
ξυμφορᾷ τετυμμένος,
485
τοῦτ᾽ ἔπος θροούμενος,
ὦ δίκα, ὦ θρόνοι τ᾽ Ερινύων.
ταῦτά τις τάχ᾽ ἂν πατὴρ
ἢ τεκοῦσα νεοπαθής
οἶκτον οἰκτίσαιτ᾽, ἐπειδὴ πίτνει δόμος δίκας.
490
ἔσθ᾽ ὅπου τὸ δεινὸν εὐ
καὶ φρενῶν ἐπίσκοπον
δεῖ μένειν καθήμενον·
ξυμφέρει σωφρονεῖν ὑπὸ στένει·
495
τίς δὲ μηδὲν ἐν φάει
καρδίας * ἂν ἀνατρέφων,
ἢ πόλις βροτός θ᾽, ὁμοίως ἔτ᾽ ἂν σέβοι δίκαν;
μήτ᾿ ἀνάρχετον βίον
μήτε δεσποτούμενον
αἰνέσῃς.
παντὶ μέσῳ τὸ κράτος θεὸς ὤπασεν·
ἄλλ᾽ ἄλλᾳ δ᾽ ἐφορεύει.
ξύμμετρον δ᾽ ἔπος λέγω,
505
δυσσεβίας μὲν ὕβρις τέκος ὡς ἐτύμως·
ἐκ δ᾽ ὑγιείας
φρενῶν ὁ πᾶσιν φίλος
καὶ πολύευκτος ὄλβος.
ἐς τὸ πᾶν δέ σοι λέγω,
510
βωμὸν αἴδεσαι δίκας·
μηδέ νιν,
κέρδος ἰδὼν, ἀθέῳ ποδὶ λὰξ ἀτί-
σῃς· ποινὰ γὰρ ἐπέσται·
κύριον μένει τέλος.
515
πρὸς τάδε τις τοκέων σέβας εὖ προτίων,
καὶ ξενοτίμους
ἐπιστροφὰς δωμάτων
αἰδόμενός τις ἔστω.
Εὐμενίδες (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek text of Aeschylus' Eumenides, edited by Friedrich Blass, 1907.) — 34 focus
Ἦ δεινὰ λέξαι, δεινὰ δ᾽ ὀφθαλμοῖς δρακεῖν,
πάλιν μ᾽ ἔπεμψεν ἐκ δόμων τῶν Λοξίου,
35
ὡς μήτε σωκεῖν μήτε μ᾿ ἀκταίνειν βάσιν·
τρέχω δὲ χερσίν, οὐ ποδωκείᾶι σκελῶν·
δείσασα γὰρ γραῦς οὐδέν, ἀντίπαις μὲν οὖν.
ἐγὼ μὲν ἕρπω πρὸς πολυστεφῆ μυχόν·
ὁρῶ δ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ὀμφαλῶι μὲν ἄνδρα θεομυσῆ
40
ἕδραν ἔχοντα προστρόπαιον, αἵματι
στάζοντα χεῖρας καὶ νεοσπαδὲς ξίφος
ἔχοντ᾽ ἐλάιας θ᾽ ὑψιγέννητον κλάδον,
λήνει μεγίστωι σωφρόνως ἐστεμμένον,
ἀργῆτι μαλλῶι· τῆιδε γὰρ τρανῶς ἐρῶ.
45
πρόσθεν δὲ τἀνδρὸς τοῦδε θαυμαστὸς λόχος
εὕδει γυναικῶν ἐν θρόνοισιν ἥμενος.
οὔτοι γυναῖκας, ἀλλὰ Γοργόνας λέγω,
οὐδ᾽ αὖτε Γοργείοισιν εἰκάσω τύποις.
εἶδόν ποτ᾽ ἤδη Φινέως γεγραμμένας
50
δεῖπνον φερούσας· ἄπτεροί γε μὴν ἰδεῖν
αὗται, μέλαιναι δ᾽, ἐς τὸ πᾶν βδελύκτροποι·
ῥέγκουσι δ᾽ οὐ πλατοῖσι φυσιάμασιν·
ἐκ δ᾽ ὀμμάτων λείβουσι δυσφιλῆ λίβα·
καὶ κόσμος οὔτε πρὸς θεῶν ἀγάλματα
55
φέρειν δίκαιος οὔτ᾽ ἐς ἀνθρώπων στέγας.
τὸ φῦλον οὐκ ὄπωπα τῆσδ᾽ ὁμιλίας,
οὐδ᾽ ἥτις αἷα τοῦτ᾽ ἐπεύχεται γένος
τρέφουσ᾽ ἀνατεὶ μὴ μεταστένειν πόνον.
τἀντεῦθεν ἤδη τῶνδε δεσπότηι δόμων
60
αὐτῶι μελέσθω Λοξίαι μεγασθενεῖ.
ἰατρόμαντις δ᾽ ἐστὶ καὶ τερασκόπος
καὶ τοῖσιν ἄλλοις δωμάτων καθάρσιος.
ἄναξ Ἄπολλον, οἶσθα μὲν τὸ μὴ ἀδικεῖν·
85
ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἐπίστᾶι, καὶ τὸ μὴ ἀμελεῖν μάθε·
σθένος δὲ ποιεῖν εὖ φερέγγυον τὸ σόν.
εὕδοιτ᾽ ἂν, ὠή, καὶ καθευδουσῶν τί δεῖ;
ἐγὼ δ᾽ ὑφ᾽ ὑμῶν ὧδ᾽ ἀπητιμασμένη
95
ὡς μὲν ἔκτανον
ἄλλοισιν ἐν νεκροῖσιν
ὄνειδος ἐν φθιτοῖσιν οὐκ ἐκλείπεται,
αἰσχρῶς δ᾽ ἀλῶμαι· προυννέπω δ᾽ ὑμῖν ὅτι
ἔχω μεγίστην αἰτίαν κείνων ὑπερ·
παθοῦσα δ᾽ οὕτω δεινὰ πρὸς τῶν φιλτάτων,
100
οὐδεὶς ὑπέρ μου δαιμόνων μηνίσεται,
κατασφαγείσης πρὸς χερῶν μητροκτόνων;
δρα δὲ πληγὰς τᾶσδε καρδίᾶι σέθεν.
εύδουσα γὰρ φρὴν ὄμμασιν λαμπρύνεται,
ἐν ἡμέρᾶι δὲ μοῖρ᾽ ἀπρόσκοπος βροτῶν.
105
ἢ πολλὰ μὲν δὴ τῶν ἐμῶν ἐλείξατε,
χοάς τ᾽ ἀοίνους, νηφάλια μειλίγματα,
καὶ νυκτίσεμνα δεῖπν᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάρᾶι πυρὸς
ἔθυον, ὥραν οὐδενὸς κοινὴν θεῶν.
καὶ πάντα ταῦτα λὰξ ὁρῶ πατούμενα.
110
ὁ δ᾽ ἐξαλύξας οἴχεται νεβροῦ δίκην,
καὶ ταῦτα κούφως ἐκ μέσων ἀρκυστάτων
ὤρουσεν ὑμῖν ἐγκατιλλώψας μέγα.
ἀκούσαθ᾽, ὡς ἔλεξα τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ
ψυχῆς, φρονήσατ᾽, ὦ κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί.
115
ὄναρ γὰρ ὑμᾶς νῦν Κλυταιμήστρα καλῶ.
μυγμός.
ὄναρ διώκεις θῆρα, κλαγγαίνεις δ᾽ ἅπερ
κύων μέριμναν οὔποτ᾽ ἐκλείπων πόνου.
τί δρᾶις; ἀνίστω, μή σε νικάτω πόνος,
μηδ᾽ ἀγνοήσηις πῆμα μαλθαχθεῖσ᾽ ὕπνωι.
ἄλγησον ἦπαρ ἐνδίκοις ὀνείδεσιν·
135
τοῖς σώφροσιν γὰρ ἀντίκεντρα γίγνεται.
σὺ δ᾽ αἱματηρὸν πνεῦμ᾽ ἐπουρίσασα τῶι,
ἀτμῶι κατισχναίνουσα, νηδύος πυρί,
ἕπου, μάραινε δευτέροις διώγμασιν.
ἰοὺ ἰοὺ πύπαξ. ἐπάθομεν, φίλαι
στρ. α
ἦ πολλὰ δὴ παθοῦσα καὶ μάτην ἐγώ –
ἐπάθομεν πάθος δυσαχές, ὦ πόποι, ἄφερτον
145
κακόν.
ἐξ ἀρκύων πέπτωκεν οἴχεταί θ᾽ ὁ θήρ.
ὕπνωι κρατηθεῖσ᾽ ἄγραν ὤλεσα.
ἰὼ παῖ Διός, ἐπίκλοπος πέληι,
ἀντ. α
νέος δὲ γραίας δαίμονας καθιππάσω,
150
τὸν ἱκέταν σέβων, ἄθεον ἄνδρα καὶ τοκεῦσιν πικρόν,
τὸν μητραλοίαν δ᾽ ἐξέκλεψας ὢν θεός.
τί τῶνδ᾽ ἐρεῖ τις δικαίως ἔχειν;
ἐμοὶ δ᾽ ὄνειδος ἐξ ὀνειράτων μολὸν
155
στρ. β 155
ἔτυψεν δίκαν διφρηλάτου
μεσολαβεῖ κέντρωι
ὑπὸ φρένας, ὑπὸ λοβόν.
πάρεστι μαστίκτορος δαΐου δαμίου
160
βαρύ τι περίβαρυ κρύος ἔχειν.
τοιαῦτα δρῶσιν οἱ νεώτεροι θεοί
κρατοῦντες τὸ πᾶν δίκας πλέον
ἀντ. β
φονολιβή θρόνον
περὶ πόδα, περὶ κάρα.
165
πάρεστι γᾶς ὀμφαλὸν προσδρακεῖν αἱμάτων
βλοσυρὸν ἀρόμενον ἅγος ἔχειν.
στρ. γ
ἐφεστίωι δὲ μάντις ὢν μιάσματι
μυχὸν ἐχράνατ᾿ αὐτόσσυτος, αὐτόκλητος,
170
παρὰ νόμον θεῶν βρότεα μὲν τίων,
παλαιγενεῖς δὲ μοίρας φθίσας.
κάμοί τε λυπρὸς καὶ τὸν οὐκ ἐκλύσεται,
ὑπό τε γᾶν φυγὼν οὐ ποτ᾽ ἐλευθεροῦται,
175
ποτιτρόπαιος ὢν δ᾽ ἕτερον ἐν κάρᾶι
μιάστορ᾽ εἶσιν οὗ πάσεται.
ἀντ. γ
ἔξω, κελεύω, τῶνδε δωμάτων τάχος
χωρεῖτ᾽, ἀπαλλάσσεσθε μαντικῶν μυχῶν,
180
μὴ καὶ λαβοῦσα πτηνὸν ἀργηστὴν ὄφιν,
χρυσηλάτου θώμιγγος ἐξορμώμενον,
ἀνῆις ὑπ᾽ ἄλγους μέλαν᾿ ἀπ᾿ ἀνθρώπων ἀφρόν,
ἐμοῦσα θρόμβους οὓς ἀφείλκυσας φόνου.
οὔτοι δόμοισι τοῖσδε χρίμπτεσθαι πρέπει·
185
ἀλλ᾽ οὗ καρανιστῆρες ὀφθαλμωρύχοι
δίκαι, σφαγαί τε, σπέρματός τ᾽ ἀποφθοραὶ
παίδων, κακοῦ τε χλοῦνις ἠδ᾽ ἀκρωνιά,
λευσμός τε, καὶ μύζουσιν οἰκτισμὸν πολὺν
ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγέντες. ἆρ᾽ ἀκούετε
190
οἵας ἑορτῆς ἔστ᾽ ἀπόπτυστοι θεοῖς
στέργηθρ᾽ ἔχουσαι; πᾶς δ᾽ ὑφηγεῖται τρόπος
μορφῆς. λέοντος ἄντρον αἱματορρόφου
οἰκεῖν τοιαύτας εἰκός, οὐ χρηστηρίοις
ἐν τοῖσδε κληισίοισι τρίβεσθαι μύσος.
195
χωρεῖτ᾽ ἄνευ βοτῆρος αἰπολούμεναι.
ποίμνης τοιαύτης δ᾽ οὔτις εὐφιλὴς θεῶν.
ᾖ κάρτ᾽ ἄτιμα καὶ παρ᾽ οὐδὲν ἦρκας ὣς
Ήρας τελείας καὶ Διὸς πιστώματα.
Κύπρις δ᾽ ἄτιμος τῶιδ᾽ ἀπέρριπται λόγωι,
215
ὅθεν βροτοῖσι γίγνεται τὰ φίλτατα.
εὐνὴ γὰρ ἀνδρὶ καὶ γυναικὶ μόρσιμος
ὅρκου ᾿στὶ μείζων τῆι δίκηι φρουρουμένη.
εἰ τοῖσιν οὖν κτείνουσιν ἀλλήλους χαλᾶις
τὸ μὴ τίνεσθαι μηδ᾽ ἐποπτεύειν κότωι,
220
οὔ φημ᾽ Ὀρέστην σ᾽ ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖν.
τὸ μὲν γὰρ οἶδα κάρτα σ᾽ ἐνθυμουμένην,
τὰ δ᾽ ἐμφανῶς πράσσουσαν ἡσυχαιτέραι.
δίκας δὲ Παλλὰς τῶνδ᾽ ἐποπτεύσει θεά.
ὅρα ὅρα μάλ᾽ αὖ λεῦσσέ τε τὸν πάντᾶι,
μὴ λάθηι φύγδα βὰς ματροφόνος ἀτίτας.
῾Ο δ᾽ αὖτέ γ᾽ ἀλκὰν ἔχων
περὶ βρέτει πλεχθεὶς θεᾶς ἀμβρότου
ὑπόδικος θέλει γενέσθαι χρεῶν.
260
τὸ δ᾽ οὐ πάρεστιν· αἷμα μητρῶιον χαμαί.
δυσαγκόμιστον, παπαῖ,
τὸ διερὸν πέδοι χύμενον οἴχεται.
Ἀλλ᾽ ἀντιδοῦναι δεῖ σ᾽ ἀπὸ ζῶντος ῥοφεῖν
ἐρυθρὸν ἐκ μελέων πέλανον· ἀπὸ δὲ σοῦ
265
φεροίμαν βοσκὰν πώματος δυσπότου·
καὶ ζῶντά σ᾿ ἰσχνάνασ᾽ ἀπάξομαι κάτω,
ἀντίποιν᾿ ὡς τίνηις ματροφόνου δύας.
Ὄψηι δὲ κεἴ τις ἄλλος ἤλιτεν βροτῶν
ἢ θεὸν ἢ ξένον τιν᾿ ἀσεβῶν ἢ τοκέας φίλους,
ἔχονθ᾽ ἕκαστον τὴν δίκην ἐπαξίαν.
μέγας γὰρ Ἅιδης ἐστὶν εὔθυνος βροτῶν
ἔνερθε χθονός, δελτογράφωι δὲ πάντ᾽ ἐπωπᾶι
φρενί.
275
ἐγὼ διδαχθεὶς ἐν κακοῖς ἐπίσταμαι
πολλῶν τε καιρούς, καὶ λέγειν ὅπου δίκη
σιγᾶν θ᾽ ὁμοίως· ἐν δὲ τῶιδε πράγματι
φωνεῖν ἐτάχθην πρὸς σοφοῦ διδασκάλου.
βρίζει γὰρ αἷμα καὶ μαραίνεται χερός,
280
μητροκτόνον μίασμα δ᾽ ἔκπλυτον πέλει.
ποταίνιον γὰρ ὂν πρὸς ἑστίᾶι θεοῦ
Φοίβου καθαρμοῖς ἠλάθη χοιροκτόνοις.
πολὺς δέ μοι γένοιτ᾽ ἂν ἐξ ἀρχῆς λόγος,
ὅσοις προσῆλθον ἀβλαβεῖ ξυνουσίαι.
285
χρόνος καθαίρει πάντα γηράσκων ὁμοῦ.
καὶ νῦν ἀφ᾽ ἁγνοῦ στόματος εὐφήμως καλῶ
χώρας ἄνασσαν τῆσδ᾽ Ἀθηναίαν ἐμοὶ
μολεῖν ἀρωγόν· κτήσεται δ᾽ ἄνευ δορὸς
αὐτόν τε καὶ γῆν καὶ τὸν Ἀργεῖον λεὼν
290
πιστὸν δικαίως ἐς τὸ πᾶν τε σύμμαχον.
ἀλλ᾽ εἴτε χώρας ἐν τόποις Λιβυστικῆς,
Τρίτωνος ἀμφὶ χεῦμα γενεθλίου πόρου,
τίθησιν ὀρθὸν οὐ κατηρεφῆ πόδα,
φίλοις ἀρήγουσ᾽, εἴτε Φλεγραίαν πλάκα
295
θρασὺς ταγοῦχος ὡς ἀνὴρ ἐπισκοπεῖ,
ἔλθοι, κλύει δὲ καὶ πρόσωθεν ὢν θεός,
ὅπως γένοιτο τῶνδ᾽ ἐμοὶ λυτήριος.
οὔτις σ᾽ Ἀπόλλων οὐδ᾽ Ἀθηναίας σθένος
ῥύσαιτ᾽ ἄν, ὥστε μὴ οὐ παρημελημένον
300
ἔρρειν, τὸ χαίρειν μὴ μαθόνθ᾽ ὅπου φρενῶν,
ἀναιμάτωι βόσκημα δαιμόνων σκιᾶι.
σὺ δ᾽ ἀντιφωνεῖς; ἀλλ᾽ ἀποπτύσηι λόγους
ἐμοὶ τραφείς τε καὶ καθιερωμένος,
καὶ ζῶν με δαίσεις οὐδὲ πρὸς βωμῶι σφαγείς·
305
ὕμνον δ᾽ ἀκούσηι τόνδε δέσμιον σέθεν.
ἄγε δὴ καὶ χορὸν ἅψωμεν, ἐπεὶ
μοῦσαν στυγερὰν
ἀποφαίνεσθαι δεδόκηκεν,
λέξαι τε λάχη τὰ κατ᾿ ἀνθρώπους
310
ὡς ἐπινωμᾶι στάσις ἁμή.
εὐθυδίκαιοι δ᾽ οἰόμεθ᾽ εἶναι·
τὸν μὲν καθαρὰς χεῖρας προνέμοντ᾽
οὔτις ἐφέρπει μῆνις ἀφ᾽ ἡμῶν,
ἀσινὴς δ᾽ αἰῶνα διοιχνεῖ·
315
ὅστις δ᾽ ἀλιτὼν ὥσπερ ὅδ᾽ ἁνὴρ
χεῖρας φονίας ἐπικρύπτει,
μάρτυρες ὀρθαὶ τοῖσι θανοῦσιν
παραγιγνόμεναι πράκτορες αἵματος
αὐτῶι τελέως ἐφάνημεν.
320
μᾶτερ ἃ μ᾽ ἔτικτες, ὦ μᾶτερ
στρ. α
Νύξ, ἀμαυροῖσι καὶ δεδορκόσιν ποινάν,
κλῦθ᾽. ὁ Λατοῦς γὰρ ἶνίς μ᾿ ἄτιμον τίθησι
τόνδ᾽ ἀφαιρούμενος πτῶκα, ματρῶιον ἁγνισμα
325
κύριον φόνου.
ἐπὶ δὲ τῶι τεθυμένωι τόδε μέλος
παρακοπά, παραφορὰ φρενοδαλής,
330
ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρμικτος, αὑονὰ βροτοῖς.
τοῦτο γὰρ λάχος διανταία
ἀντ. α
Μοῖρ᾽ ἐπέκλωσεν ἐμπέδως ἔχειν, θνατῶν
335
τοὶ σὺν αὐτουργίαις ξυμπέσωσιν μάταιοι,
τοῖς ὁμαρτεῖν, ὄφρ᾽ ἂν γᾶν ὑπέλθηι· θανὼν δ᾽ οὐκ
ἄγαν ἐλεύθερος.
340
ἐπὶ δὲ τῶι τεθυμένωι τόδε μέλος
παρακοπά, παραφορὰ φρενοδαλής,
ὕμνος ἐξ Ερινύων,
δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφόρμικτος, αὑονὰ βροτοῖς.
345
γιγνομέναισι λάχη τάδ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἁμὶν ἐκράνθη,
στρ. β 347
ἀθανάτων δ᾽ ἀπέχειν χέρας, οὐδέ τις ἐστὶ
350
συνδαίτωρ μετάκοινος.
παλλεύκων δὲ πέπλων ἄκληρος ἄμοιρος ἐτύχθην.
δωμάτων γὰρ εἰλόμαν
ἀνατροπάς, ὅταν Ἄρης
355
στρ. γ 355
τιθασὸς ὢν φίλον ἕληι.
ἐπὶ τὸν ὧδ᾽ ἱέμεναι
κρατερὸν ὄντα περ ὅμως
μαυροῦμεν νέον αἷμα.
σπευδομένᾶι δ᾽ ἀφελεῖν τινὶ τᾶσδε μερίμνας,
360
ἀντ. β
θεῶν δ᾽ ἀτέλειαν ἐμαῖσι λιταῖς ἐπικραίνων,
μηδ᾽ εἰς ἄγκρισιν ἐλθεῖν,
Ζεὺς αἱμοσταγὲς †ἀξιόμισον ἔθνος τόδε λέσχας
365
ἆς ἀπηξιώσατο.
δόξαι δ᾽ ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλ᾽ ὑπ᾽ αἰθέρι σεμναὶ
στρ. δ
τακόμεναι κατὰ γᾶς μινύθουσιν ἄτιμοι
ἁμετέραις ἐφόδοις μελανείμοσιν, ὀρχησμοῖς τ᾽
370
ἐπιφθόνοις ποδός.
ἀντ. γ
μάλα γὰρ οὖν ἁλομένα
ἀνέκαθεν βαρυπεσή
καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμάν,
σφαλερὰ (καὶ〉 τανυδρόμοις
375
κῶλα, δύσφορον ἄταν.
πίπτων δ᾽ οὐκ οἶδεν τόδ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ἄφρονι λύμᾶι.
ἀντ. δ
τοῖον ἐπὶ κνέφας ἀνδρὶ μύσος πεπόταται,
καὶ δνοφεράν τιν᾿ ἀχλὺν κατὰ δώματος αὐδᾶται
πολύστονος φάτις.
380
στρ. ε
μένει γάρ· εὐμήχανοί
τε καὶ τέλειοι, κακῶν
τε μνήμονες Σεμναί,
καὶ δυσπαρήγοροι βροτοῖς,
ἄτιμ᾿ ἀτίετα διέπομεν
385
λάχη θεῶν διχοστατοῦντ᾽
ἀνηλίωι λάμπᾶι,
δυσποροπαίπαλα δερκομένοισι
καὶ δυσομμάτοις ὁμῶς.
τίς οὖν τάδ᾽ οὐχ ἅζεταί
τε καὶ δέδοικεν βροτῶν,
390
ἐμοῦ κλύων θεσμὸν
τὸν μοιρόκραντον, ἐκ θεῶν
δοθέντα τέλεον; ἔπι δέ μοι
γέρας παλαιόν, οὐδ᾽
ἀτιμίας κύρω,
καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα τάξιν ἔχουσα
395
καὶ δυσήλιον κνέφας.
πρόσωθεν ἐξήκουσα κληδόνος βοὴν
ἀπὸ Σκαμάνδρου, γῆν καταφθατουμένη,
ἣν δῆτ᾽ Ἀχαιῶν ἀκτορές τε καὶ πρόμοι,
τῶν αἰχμαλώτων χρημάτων λάχος μέγα,
400
ἔνειμαν αὐτόπρεμνον ἐς τὸ πᾶν ἐμοί,
ἐξαίρετον δώρημα Θησέως τόκοις·
ἔνθεν διώκουσ᾽ ἦλθον ἄτρυτον πόδα,
πτερῶν ἄτερ ῥοιβδοῦσα κόλπον αἰγίδος,
πωλοῖς ἀκμαίοις τόνδ᾽ ἐπιζεύξασ᾽ ὄχον.
405
καινὴν δ᾽ ὁρῶσα τῆνδ᾽ ὁμιλίαν χθονὸς
ταρβῶ μὲν οὐδέν, θαῦμα δ᾽ ὄμμασιν πάρα.
τίνες ποτ᾽ ἐστέ; πᾶσι δ᾽ ἐς κοινὸν λέγω·
βρέτας τε τοὐμὸν τῶιδ᾽ ἐφημένωι ξένωι,
ὑμᾶς θ᾽ ὁμοίας οὐδενὶ σπαρτῶν γένει,
410
ἀντ. ε
οὔτ᾽ ἐν θεαῖσι πρὸς θεῶν ὁρωμένας
οὔτ᾽ οὖν βροτείοις ἐμφερεῖς μορφώμασιν.
λέγειν δ᾽ ἄμομφον ὄντα τοὺς πέλας κακῶς
πρόσω δικαίων ἠδ᾽ ἀποστατεῖ θέμις.
τί πρὸς τάδ᾽ εἰπεῖν, ὦ ξέν᾽, ἐν μέρει θέλεις;
λέξας δὲ χώραν καὶ γένος καὶ ξυμφορὰς
τὰς σάς, ἔπειτα τόνδ᾽ ἀμυνάθου ψόγον·
εἴπερ πεποιθὼς τῆι δίκηι βρέτας τόδε
ἦσαι φυλάσσων ἑστίας ἐμῆς πέλας
440
σεμνὸς προσίκτωρ ἐν τρόποις Ἰξίονος·
τούτοις ἀμείβου πᾶσιν εὐμαθές τί μοι.
τὸ πρᾶγμα μεῖζον ἤ τις οἴεται τόδε
470
βροτὸς δικάζειν· οὐδὲ μὴν ἐμοὶ θέμις
φόνου διαιρεῖν ὀξυμηνίτου δίκας.
ἄλλως τε καὶ σὺ μὲν κατηρτυκὼς νόμωι
ἱκέτης προσῆλθες καθαρὸς ἀβλαβής δόμοις
ἐμοῖς, ἄμομφον δ᾽ ὄντα σ᾽ αἰδοῦμαι πόλει·
475
αὗται δ᾽ ἔχουσι μοῖραν οὐκ εὐπέμπελον,
καὶ μὴ τυχοῦσαι πράγματος νικηφόρου,
χώρᾶι μεταῦθις ἰὸς ἐκ φρονημάτων
πέδοι πεσὼν ἄφερτος αἰανὴς νόσος.
τοιαῦτα μὲν τάδ᾽ ἐστίν· ἀμφότερα, μένειν
480
πέμπειν τε, δυσπήμαντ᾽ ἀμηχάνως τ᾽ ἔχει.
ἐπεὶ δὲ πρᾶγμα δεῦρ᾽ ἐπέσκηψεν τόδε,
φόνων δικαστὰς ὁρκίους αἱρουμένη
θεσμὸν τὸν εἰς ἅπαντ᾽ ἐγὼ θήσω χρόνον.
ὑμεῖς δὲ μαρτύριά τε καὶ τεκμήρια
485
καλεῖσθ᾽, ἀρωγὰ τῆς δίκης δρκώματα.
κρίνασα δ᾽ ἀστῶν τῶν ἐμῶν τὰ βέλτατα
ἥξω, διαιρεῖν τοῦτο πρᾶγμ᾽ ἐτητύμως,
ὅρκον πορόντας, μηδὲν ἐκδίκοις φρεσίν.
νῦν μεταστροφαὶ νέων
490
θεσμίων, ἢ κρατήσει δίκα (τε) καὶ βλάβα
τοῦδε ματροκτόνου.
πάντας ἤδη τόδ᾽ ἔργον εὐχερείᾶι συναρμόσει
στρ. α
βροτούς.
495
πολλὰ δ᾽ ἔτυμα παιδότρωτα
πάθεα προσμένει τοκεῦσιν μεταῦθις ἐν χρόνωι.
οὐδὲ γὰρ βροτοσκόπων
ἀντ. α
πάντ᾽ ἐφήσω μόρον.
μαινάδων τῶνδ᾽ ἐφέρψει κότος τις ἐργμάτων·
πεύσεται δ᾽ ἄλλος ἄλλοθεν προφωνῶν ἃ τῶν
πέλας κακά,
λῆξιν ὑπόδυσίν τε μόχθων
505
ἄκεά τ᾽ οὐ βέβαι᾽, ἃ τλάμων μάταν παρηγορεῖ.
μηδέ τις κικληισκέτω
ξυμφορᾶι τετυμμένος,
τοῦτ᾽ ἔπος θροούμενος,
510
ὦ Δίκα,
ὦ θρόνοι τ᾽ Ερινύων.
ταῦτά τις τάχ᾽ ἂν πατὴρ
ἢ τεκοῦσα νεοπαθής
στρ. β
οἰκτρὸν οἰκτίσαιτ᾽, ἐπειδὴ πίτνει δόμος Δίκας.
ἔσθ᾽ ὅπου τὸ δεινὸν εὐ
ἀντ. β
καὶ φρενῶν ἐπίσκοπον
δεῖ μένειν καθήμενον.
ξυμφέρει
520
σωφρονεῖν ὑπὸ στένει.
τίς δὲ μηδὲν ἐν φάει
καρδίαν ἄν᾿ ἔτι) τρέων
ἢ πόλις βροτός θ᾽ ὁμοίως ἔτ᾽ ἂν σέβοι δίκαν;
μήτ᾿ ἀνάρχετον βίον
μήτε δεσποτούμενον
στρ. γ
αἰνέσῃς.
παντὶ μέσωι τὸ κράτος θεὸς ὤπασεν, ἄλλ᾽ ἄλλᾶι
530
δ᾽ ἐφορεύει.
ξύμμετρον δ᾽ ἔπος λέγω,
δυσσεβίας μὲν ὕβρις τέκος ὡς ἐτύμως·
ἐκ δ᾽ ὑγιείας
535
φρενῶν ὁ πᾶσιν φίλος
καὶ πολύευκτος ὄλβος.
ἐς τὸ πᾶν δέ σοι λέγω,
ἀντ. γ
βωμὸν αἴδεσαι Δίκας·
μηδέ νιν
540
κέρδος ἰδὼν ἀθέωι ποδὶ λὰξ ἀτίσηις· ποινὰ
γὰρ ἐπέσται,
κύριον μένει τέλος.
πρὸς τάδε τις τοκέων σέβας εὖ προτίων
545
καὶ ξενοτίμους
ἐπιστροφὰς δωμάτων
αἰδόμενός τις ἔστω.
Translations (11)
Eumenides Perseus (Aeschylus, Volume 2. Smyth, Herbert Weir, translator. London; New York: William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1926. (Modernized by Perseus.)) — 143-175 focus
The Eumenides (OCR draft) Experimental (The Eumenides. Theodore Alois Buckley, 1849.) — 34 focus
Certainly things dreadful to tell, and dreadful to behold with eyes have sent me back from the abodes of Loxias, so that I neither have strength, nor can uplift my steps: but I run with my hands, not by swiftness of legs; for an affrighted old woman is nothing, like a child [in strength]. I creep, indeed, towards the shrine of many garlands 3 , and I behold at the marble navel stone 4 a man under the curse 5 of god, sitting as a suppliant, with his hands dripping with blood, and hold­ ing a newly-drawn 1 sword, and a high-grown branch of olive, wreathed decorously with much 2 wool, with a white fleece: for so I will clearly declare. But before this man a wondrous troop of women sleeps seated in the seats; by no means women, but Gorgons I call them; nor again will I liken them to Gorgon forms 3 , [for] I have seen once on a time [the Harpies] painted, carrying off the food of Phineus; but these are wingless to behold, and black, abominable in kind. And they snore with breathings not to be approached, and from their eyes they distil hateful violence 4 . And their dress is fit to wear neither at the images of gods, nor within the dwellings of men. I have not beheld the tribe of this sisterhood; nor [do I know] what land can boast of having nourished this race with impunity, so as not to groan on account of its troubles. Let what ensues now be a care to the ruler of these abodes mighty Loxias himself: but he is healing-seer and diviner and purifier of abodes 5 to others. The interior of the temple, with the tripod and omphalus, is disclosed, and ORESTES is dis­ covered sitting on the omphalus, the chorus of FURIES sleeping on seats around him. APOLLO standing by his side, and HERMES in the background 1 .
By no means will I forsake you: but till the end standing near you as a guardian, even though far off, to your enemies I will not be gentle. And now you behold these mad ones caught; but the abhorred virgins, aged chil­ dren have fallen in sleep 2 , whom neither one of the gods, nor man, nor beast, at any time embraces; but for the sake of evils they were born; since they inhabit evil darkness, and Tartarus beneath the earth, things hated by men and Olym­ pian gods. But nevertheless fly, nor be softened in spirit; for they will pursue with impunity you even through the long continent as you proceed 3 along the land trod in your wander­ ings, and over the deep, and the sea-girt cities. And be not wearied, driven herd-like 4 through this toil: but coming to the city of Pallas sit down having taken in your arms 5 the ancient image; and there, having judges of these things and soothing words, we will find means, so as completely to deliver you from these toils: for truly I persuaded you to slay your mother.
Sleep on, will ye 2 ? and what need is there of sleepers? But I thus dishonored by you among the other dead, because I was a slayer, reproach among the dead ceases not: and in disgrace I wander, and I declare to you that I have the greatest reproach from those. But having suffered thus dreadful things from those most dear, none of the deities is enraged on account of me, slaughtered by matricidal hands. Behold these blows on thee, my heart 3 , for the slumbering mind is keen in its eyes 4 , but during day the fate of mortals can not foresee 5 futurity. Full oftentimes have ye tasted of my offerings 6 , both wineless libations, temperate­ soothing gifts, and I have offered at the hearth of fire nightly solemn feasts at an hour common to none of the gods. And all these things I behold trampled under the heel. But he is gone having escaped like a fawn, and moreover lightly has he rushed from the midst of the toils, having greatly laughed at you. Hear what I have said in behalf of this my soul, O goddesses beneath the earth: for I Clytemnestra, a dream 7 now call upon you. Snore on, but the man is gone flying afar: for the gods of supplication are friendly to my relatives, not to me 8 . Soundly you slumber, and pity not my suffering; but Orestes murderer of me his mother is gone. Do you cry oh? do you slumber? will you not quickly arise? What thing has been done by you except to work evils? Sleep and toil powerful conspirers have wasted the strength of the fell dragon.
In dreams you pursue the beast, and moan like a dog that never leaves off the care of toil. What are you doing? arise, let not toil overcome you, nor be ignorant of your loss, enfeebled by sleep. Grieve your heart by my just reproaches: for to the wise [such reproaches] are like stings. But wafting on him your bloody breath, wasting him with a fire of the entrails, follow, consume him by a second pursuit.
Ah! ah! We have suf­ fered friends, (certainly now I have suffered much and in vain) we have suffered affliction dire, O gods, intolerable ill. The beast has fallen from out the toils, and is gone. Over­ come by sleep I have lost my prey.
O son of Jove, thou art thievish, and thou a young god hast ridden down aged deities, reverencing [this] suppliant, an impious man and bitter to his parents, and, god though you be, you have stolen away the matricide. Which of these things will one say is just?
But to me reproach coming from dreams has struck me, like a charioteer, with a middle-seizing goad. At my heart, at my liver there is present a grievous pain from a scourger, an hostile executioner, so that I have a very griev­ ous chill.
Such things do the younger gods, exercising might in all things beyond right. One may behold 2 earth's navel stone having taken on itself a blood-dropping clot about foot and head, so as to have a terrible defilement of bloodshed.
But being a prophet, thou hast defiled with domestic pollution thy shrine, self-invited, self-called, contrary to the law of gods honouring mortal things 3 , and having destroyed the ancient fates;
and severe to me 4 , he shall yet not deliver him (Orestes,) and having fled beneath the earth, never shall he be set free. But being guilty, he shall find another avenging deity on his 1 head.
Out, I bid you depart with speed from these abodes; begone from the prophetic shrines, lest even having received the winged swift snake 2 , hurled from the golden string, you send forth through pain the black foam [sucked] from men, vomiting the clots of gore which you have drawn. By no means is it fitting to approach these abodes, but where there are head-cutting, eye-digging 3 revenges and slaughters, and the vigour of boys is injured, and destruction of the seed, and maiming, and stoning, [and where] those impaled by the spine groan with much wailing. Hear, you, abhorred by the gods, of what a feast you have the delight? but the whole fashion of your form leads to this. It is fit that such should inhabit the cave of the blood-sucking lion, not to tarry 4 in these oracular seats, an abomination to the neighbours. Be­ gone, you who feed without a keeper; but none of the gods has regard for such an herd.
Certainly, the nuptial troth, pledged under connubial Juno and Jove, would be altogether without honour, and would avail nothing. But Venus is cast away, dishonoured, by these words, whence arise to mortals the dearest joys. For the bed is appointed by fate to man and woman, and is greater 1 than an oath, when guarded with justice. If, therefore, you are gentle to those who slay each other, so that it comes to pass 2 that you do not even regard them with anger; I say that you unjustly drive Orestes into exile: for I know that you are exceedingly wroth at the one party, but manifestly treating the other more quietly. But the goddess Pallas shall regard the justice of these things.
Look, look again by all means; observe all things; lest the matricide unpunished escape your notice, having gone in flight. He here again, having protection, twined around the image of the immortal goddess, wishes to undergo trial for his deed 3 . But this may not be; his mother's blood on the ground, cannot be recalled, alas! the life's blood, poured on the plain, is gone. But you needs must suffer punishment in your turn, so that I suck from you alive the red gore from your limbs; and may I bear from you the taste of a draught dire to quaff; and having wasted you away I will lead you alive below, that 1 you may suffer a return for the matricidal woe. But you shall behold 2 , if any other too of mortals has sinned, acting impiously either towards a god, or any guest, or dear parents, each having things worthy of justice. For mighty Pluto is the judge of mortals below the earth, and he looks upon all things with recording mind.
I, taught in evils, know many ablutions; and to speak, when it is proper, and to be silent in like manner: but in this thing I was enjoined to speak by a wise teacher: for the blood sleeps and fades from my hand, and the matricidal pollution is washed out. For being fresh, at the hearth of the god Phœbus it was banished by ablations from the sacrifice of swine 3 . But it would be a long tale to me from the beginning [to tell] how many I approached with harmless intercourse. Time removes 4 all things growing old at the same time. And now from pure mouth piously I call on Minerva, queen of this region, to come to me an assistant; and she shall possess without the spear both me myself, and my land, and the Argive people, justly faithful, and an ally for ever. But whether in the places of the Lybian region around the wave of Triton, her native stream, she sets her foot upright or covered 1 , aiding her friends, or surveys the Phlegraean plain, like a bold leader, let her come, (and she hears even afar, being a goddess,) that she may be a deliverer to me from these things.
By no means shall Apollo, or the might of Minerva set you free, so as not to perish neglected, not having learnt where in your mind to rejoice, the bloodless food of demons, a shadow. Dost thou not reply, but dost thou disdain my words, thou who art both nourished for, and devoted to me 2 . And alive you shall feed me, not slain at the altar, and you shall hear this hymn that charms you.
Come then, let us also join the dance, since it has seemed good to us to pour forth the hated song, and to declare how our band distributes its lots among men; and we delight in being upright [ministers] of justice. On him indeed who possesses pure hands no wrath from us steals, but free from harm he passes his life: but whoever, committing crime, like this man, conceals his bloody hands, close at hand as true witnesses to the dead, we appear effectually as avengers of blood to him.
Mother, O mother Night! thou who brought me forth a punishment 3 to the dead and the living, hear! for the son of Latona makes me disho­ noured, taking away this timid animal, our own victim to expiate a mother's murder 4 .
But over the victim [be this the strain, one fraught with distracting, mind-destroying, the hymn of the Furies, that charms the mind, without the lyre, that causes shrivelling to mortals.
For prevailing fate has destined to us firmly to hold this office, to pursue those of mortals by whom wicked murders are committed, until [the murderer] hath gone below the earth; and when dead he is not quite free.
But over the victim [be this the] song, fraught with madness, distracting, mind-destroying, the hymn of the Furies, that charms minds, without the lyre, that causes shrivelling to mortals.
This lot was assigned to us at our birth: to keep our hands from the immortals, nor is there any common feeder with us; and of white garments am I ever destitute and devoid.
For I take upon myself the overthrow of houses. when Mars, being kindred, has slain a friend. Him intently pursuing, oh! strong though he be, we destroy, because of newly-shed blood.
And earnestly striving to take away from another this care, and to effect an exemption for the gods in regard to prayers offered to me, and not to come into question of arbitration 1 : for Jove deems unworthy of his converse this blood-dripping justly-hated band.
For suddenly leaping from above, I bring down the strength of my foot with heavy fall, limbs that cause the swift 2 to trip, an intolerable calamity.
And the thoughts of men even when very lofty beneath the sky, waste away, and decrease down to earth unhonoured, at our approach clad in our black garments, and at the hated dances of our feet.
But falling he knows not this, through his foolish -distraction: such darkness hovers upon the man on account of his crime, and rumour with many groans proclaims 3 the murky cloud against regard to the house.
For 'tis fixed 4 . But we 5 both quick of contrivance and persevering in accomplishing it, and awfully mindful of evil deeds, and impla­ cable to mortals, executing an office ignoble and unhonoured. apart from gods with a sunless torch, in a way alike difficult to be trodden by those who see and by the blind 6 .
Who then of mortals dreads not and fears these, hearing my office con­ firmed by fate, given perfect from the gods: but my ancient honour remains to me, nor do I meet with ignominy, though possessing a station beneath the earth and sunless darkness.
From afar I heard the sound of a voice from Scamander, where I occupy 1 , a land which in truth the leaders and chiefs of the Greeks, a great portion of the captured posses­ sions, assigned for ever to me, root and branch, a chosen gift to the children of Theseus. From thence I have come, plying an unwearied foot, without wings with rustling noise bran­ dishing my hollow aegis 2 , having yoked this car to vigorous steeds. But beholding this strange company, I am by no means afraid, but a wonder is before my eyes. Who, pray, are you? I speak to all in common: both to this stranger seated at my image, and to you resembling no race of beings produced, nor beheld among goddesses by gods, nor yet like to mortal forms; but for neighbours to speak ill of one deformed is far from proper, and justice is absent from it.
What do you wish, O stranger, to answer in your turn to these things? But having told your country and race and your misfortunes, after that repel this charge; if, trusting to justice, you sit keeping station at this image beside my shrine, a venerated suppliant after the fashion of Ixion 2 . To all these answer something easily understood by me.
The thing is too great, if any mortal thinks to judge it; nor yet is it lawful for me to determine a cause of slaughter quick to wrath, and especially if 1 you indeed having prepared at the same time, have come a suppliant pure and guiltless to my abodes. But nevertheless I receive you being blameless in my city. But these possess an office not easily set aside 2 , and not having obtained victory: poison from their minds having fallen hereafter upon the plain [will be] an intolerable dire disease. These things, indeed, are so: that both remain, but to dismiss both, without injury is impossible for me 3 . But since this thing has come hither, choosing 4 sworn judges of murder I will make a law for ever. But do you call as evidence and proofs, oaths to aid your cause. But I having selected the best of my citizens will come, to determine this matter rightly, those who give no unjust oath in their minds 5 .
Now [will] there be a revolution of 6 new laws, if the cause and guilt of this matricide shall prevail. This deed now by its facility 7 will prompt all mortals to [the same] and many certain sufferings from wounds inflicted by children, await parents in time hereafter.
For neither will any wrath of us men-regarding Maenads creep on because of evil deeds: I will leave 1 all death unpunished, and one will ask from another, declaring the evil deeds of his kindred a cessation, and remission from ills no longer certain 2 : but the wretch in vain will console himself.
Nor let any one struck by misfor­ tune invoke us, pouring forth these words, O Justice, and O thrones of the Furies! With such expressions some father perhaps, or mother newly afflicted, may wail a wailing: since the house of Justice falls.
Some times fear, sitting in the right place, and controlling the soul, will terrify it. It is good to grow wise under sorrow. But who keeping no fear in his blithesome heart, either city or mortal alike, would any longer reverence justice?
Praise neither a life free from rule, nor lorded over; to every mean the god affords power, but other things he differently regards. But I speak a fitting word; insolence is the child of impiety, most assuredly; but from sanity of mind tomes prosperity dear to all and much sought.
But altogether I say to you, revere the altar of Justice, nor, looking to gain, dishonour it by trampling on it with godless foot. For punishment will follow: a deci­ sive end awaits. Therefore let every one honour duly the sanctity of parents, and reverence the intercourse of hos­ pitable abodes.
LES EUMÉNIDES (OCR draft) Experimental (LES EUMÉNIDES. Paul Mazon, 1920-1925.) — 34 focus
Ah! horrible à dire, horrible à voir de ses yeux le spec-
tacle qui me rejette hors du temple de Loxias — si horrible que me voici là impuissante, incapable de me tenir droite, et que mes mains courent seules, pour mes jambes alourdies. Une vieille qui prend peur est sans force; ou, plutôt, ce n'est qu'une enfant. J'allais vers le lieu saint,
encombré d'offrandes, quand je vois près de l'Ombilic 1 , un homme chargé d'une souillure, accroupi en suppliant, les mains dégouttantes de sang, avec une épée frais sortie d'une blessure, et un long rameau d'olivier, dévotement
entouré d'un épais réseau de bandelettes — une vraie toison blanche, le mot sera plus clair. En face de l'homme, une troupe étrange de femmes dort, assise sur les sièges. Mais que dis-je, des femmes? Des Gorgones plutôt... Et encore, non! ce n'est pas l'aspect des Gorgones que je rappro-
cherai du leur... J'ai bien vu naguère, en peinture, les
même les maisons d'autrui.
j'ai vraiment grand besoin de dormeuses! Et, tandis qu'entre les morts vous me réservez tels mépris, l'injure « Meurtrière ! » ne m'est pas épargnée, à moi, chez les ombres, et j'erre là dans la honte... Oui, vous dis-je, de mes actes on me fait grand crime là-bas, et, en revanche,
après le sort atroce que j'ai subi d'un fils, aucun dieu ne s'indigne en faveur d'une mère qu'égorgea un bras parricide. Vois : que ton cœur contemple mes plaies dans le som- meil : l'âme mortelle est toute éclairée d'yeux, à qui le don de
attrape! Gare!
dors : debout! repousse du pied le sommeil, et voyons s'il n'y a pas dans ce présage quelque part d'illusion.
.
Ah! fils de Zeus, tu n'es qu'un larron. Tu es jeune, et tu écrases d'antiques divinités! Et tu gardes tes respects pour le suppliant, l'impie cruel à sa mère! Tu es dieu, et tu nous veux dérober un parricide ! Qui trouverait là ombre de justice?
Du fond de mes songes un outrage est venu — brutal comme l'aiguillon qu'un cocher empoigne en plein manche me frapper au cœur, au foie. Oui, je sens en moi, comme
sous le fouet 14 d'un bourreau féroce, passer un cruel, trop cruel frisson.
Voilà donc les façons de ces jeunes dieux, qui veulent régner sur le monde sans souci de la Justice. Ah! le trône
ensanglanté 15 ! au pied, à la cime, oui, je le vois, l'Ombilic du monde, chargé de la souillure terrifiante d'un meurtre.
Le foyer de
sa demeure, le Devin l'a sali lui-même : qui
l'y forçait? qui l'en priait? Il a passé outre à la loi des dieux et, pour honorer des mortels, déchiré l'antique partage 16 .
Il y gagne ma haine, sans m'arracher son protégé : même
s'il fuit sous la terre, l'homme ne sera pas libéré. Avec sa souillure, où il ira, il trouvera un vengeur 17 prêt à son tour à s'abattre sur son front.
je l'ordonne; vite, hors de chez
moi! Débarrasse le sanctuaire prophétique, si tu ne veux que t'atteigne le serpent à l'aile blanche, qui, bondissant de
tu mets donc bien bas — tu réduis à rien ! — un pacte dont les garants sont Zeus et Héra,
déesse de l'hymen. Et Cypris, ton bel argument la rejette avec dédain, elle à qui les mortels doivent leurs plus douces joies ! La couche nuptiale où le Destin unit l'homme et la femme est sous la sauvegarde d'un droit plus puissant que celui du serment. Si ta faiblesse est telle pour ceux
qui s'entretuent que tu ne leur accordes ni pensée ni regard de courroux, moi, je déclare inique ta poursuite d'Oreste, puisque, à côté de crimes que tu prends tant à cœur, il en est donc d'autres dont tu es clairement moins pressée de tirer vengeance. Pallas appréciera les droits des deux parties.
.
tout garde fidèle empreinte.
enfin!
vas entendre l'hymne qui t'enchaînera.
pour qu'il paie sa dette de sang, implacables, nous surgissons.
d'une mère.
(Fiévreux.)
Mais, pour notre victime, voici le chant délire,
vertige où se perd la raison, voici l'hymne des Érinyes, enchaîneur d'âmes, chant sans lyre, qui sèche les mortels d'effroi 26 .
Le lot que pour jamais m'a filé la Parque inflexible, c'est
de faire escorte au mortel qu'une fureur a jeté dans les voies du meurtre, jusqu'à ce qu'il descende aux enfers; et, pour lui, la mort même ne sera pas — tant s'en faut! — la délivrance.
(Fiévreux.)

Mais, pour notre victime, voici le chant délire, vertige où se perd la raison, voici l'hymne des Érinyes
sans lyre, qui sèche les mortels d'effroi.
nul Immortel 27 n'y doit porter la main. Aussi n'en voit-on point
prendre part à nos banquets 28 . Mais les voiles blancs en revanche me sont refusés, interdits 29 ...
(Fiévreux.)
J'ai pris pour moi la ruine des demeures où,
admis au foyer, Arès 30
frappe un frère. A sa poursuite alors, oh! nous bondissons et, si puissant qu'il soit, nous l'anéan- tissons sous sa souillure fraîche 31 .

Nous
sommes là, empressées à épargner à d'autres ce souci: nous voulons, par nos soins, en décharger les dieux,
et qu'ils n'aient pas besoin d'instruire tels procès. Zeus écarte
de son audience l'engeance exécrable de tous ceux qu'a tachés le sang.
((Fiévreux.) J'ai pris pour moi la ruine des demeures où, admis au foyer, Arès frappe un frère. A sa poursuite
alors,
les maléfices de nos pas dansants.
(Fiévreux.)
D'un pied puissant au plus haut je bondis, pour
retomber d'un poids plus lourd —
et fugitifs de chanceler sous le faix pesant du malheur 32 ...
Il tombe et ne s'en doute pas, dans le délire qui le perd: telle
est la nuit que sa souillure, volant autour de lui, étend sur ses yeux — cependant qu'une nuée sombre s'abat sur sa
maison, ainsi que le proclame une douloureuse rumeur 33 .
((Fiévreux) D'un pied puissant au plus haut je bondis, pour retomber d'un poids plus lourd et fugitifs de chanceler sous le faix pesant du malheur.)
Plus vif.
Mon lot reste immuable : adresse et ténacité, mémoire fidèle des crimes et cœur insensible aux pleurs des humains, tout cela a été donné aux Redoutables 34 pour leur permettre
de poursuivre la tâche humble et méprisée, qui les tient éloi-
-
de loin entendu l'appel d'une voix : sur les bords du Scamandre, je prenais possession du pays que les rois et les chefs de la Grèce m'ont attribué comme
une riche part de leur butin de guerre et dont le sol désor- mais est à moi, lot de choix accordé aux enfants de Thésée 39 . C'est de là que j'ai porté ici mes pas infatigables, laissant, en guise d'ailes, frémir aux vents mon égide gon-
flée, char magique attelé de robustes coursiers 40 . Mais à voir cette troupe nouvelle en ce pays, si mon cœur ne tremble pas, mon regard du moins s'étonne. Qui donc êtes-vous? Je m'adresse à tous également à cet étranger
accroupi devant mon image; à vous aussi, qui ne ressem- blez à nulle créature : les dieux ne vous voient point au
l'hommage qui t'est dû.
trouve la cause trop grave pour que des mortels en décident 44 , il ne m'est pas davantage permis à moi-même de prononcer sur des meurtres dictés par un courroux vengeur — alors surtout que tu as su du moins venir en suppliant, soumis et purifié, sans danger pour
ma demeure, et que je te tiens aussi pour libre de tout tort à l'égard de ma ville. Mais, de leur côté, celles-ci ont des droits qu'on ne saurait écarter à la légère, et, si elles n'ob- tiennent pas de voir triompher leur cause, sur le sol de ce pays, plus tard, va s'abattre le trait de leur dépit, un
intolérable et triste fléau. J'en suis donc là : que je les accueille ou que je les repousse, les deux me réservent d'inévitables maux. Pourtant, puisque la chose en est arrivée là, je vais ici faire choix de juges du sang versé; un serment les obligera, et le tribunal qu'ainsi j'établirai
sera établi pour l'éternité. Vous, faites appel aux témoi- gnages, aux indices, auxiliaires assermentés du droit 45 . Je
Ce jour verra donc l'avènement de lois nouvelles, si la cause — le crime de ce parricide doit ici triompher! A tous les mortels un si bel exploit va donner
désormais le ton des licences permises. Mille bonnes blessures, taillées dans leur chair par leurs propres fils, voilà le lot réservé aux parents dans l'avenir qui vient!
Et cela,
parce que les Furies qui surveillaient les mortels
auront cessé, elles aussi, de mettre aucun courroux en marche contre de tels crimes. Au meurtre sous toutes ses formes, de ce jour, je lâche la bride. Les hommes iront alors se deman- der l'un à l'autre — chacun ayant à la bouche le récit des
maux d'autrui — où donc trouver une fin, une trêve à telles misères, et ne pourront, les malheureux, que se conseiller vainement des remèdes
bien peu sûrs.
Que personne n'appelle à l'aide, quand le sort le frappera,
et ne clame : « O Justice! ô trônes des Érinyes! » Cette
inouï : la Justice en ce jour voit crouler sa demeure!
Il est des cas où l'Effroi est utile et, vigilant gardien des cœurs, y doit siéger en permanence 47 . Il est bon d'apprendre à
être sage à l'école de la douleur. Qui donc, homme ou cité, s'il n'est rien sous le ciel dont la crainte habite en son âme, garderait le respect qu'il doit à la Justice?
dans l'anarchie que sous le despotisme 48 . Partout triomphe la mesure: c'est le privilège que lui ont octroyé les dieux, le seul qui restreigne leur
pouvoir capricieux 49 . Et n'est-il pas à propos de le répéter ici? s'il est avéré que la démesure est fille de l'impiété 50 ,
la saine raison au contraire a pour fils le bonheur aimé qu'appellent tous les vœux humains.
Je le répète aussi, et c'est la loi suprême : vénère l'autel
de la Justice 51 ; ne va pas outrageusement, séduit par quelque gain, le renverser d'un pied impie 52 . Le châtiment viendra :
The Furies (OCR draft) Experimental (The Furies. Robert Potter, 1779.) — 34 focus
Things horrible to tell, and horrible
To fight, have forc'd me from the fane again:
Trembling with fear my lax limbs ill ſupport
My frame, ſave that my hands with eager graſp
Uphold my ſinking weakness as I paſs.
50
As to the ſhrine with many' a garland crown'd
I bend my age-enfeebled ſteps, beneath
The central dome I ſee a man abhorr'd
By the juſt Gods, a ſuppliant it ſhou'd ſeem,
For ſuch his poſture; but his hands are ſtain'd
55
With blood; in one he holds a new-drawn ſword,
High in the other crown'd with ample wreaths
An olive branch, with wreaths of ſnowy wool
Handſomely wrought: thus far I ſpeak aſſur'd.
Before him lies a troop of hideous women
60
Stretch'd on the feats, and ſleeping; yet not women,
But Gorgons rather, nor the Gorgon form
Exactly repreſenting, as I have ſeen them
Drawn by the painter's imitative pencil,
No: I will not forſake thee: to the end
My guardian care ſhall favour and aſſiſt thee
Preſent, or diſtant far: but to thy foes
85
I know not mercy.
See this griefly troop,
Sleep has oppreſs'd them, and their baffled rage
Shall fail, grim-viſag'd hags, grown old
In loath'd virginity: nor God, nor man
90
Approach'd their bed, nor ſavage of the wilds;
For they were born for mischiefs, and their haunts
In dreary darkneſs 'midſt the yawning gulfs
Of Tartarus beneath, by men abhorr'd,
And by th' Olympian Gods.
95
Fly then, nor yield
To weak diſtruſt: they, be thou fure, will follow
With unremitting chace thy flying ſteps
Wide wand'ring o'er the firm terrene, and o'er
The humid ſea, and wave-furrounded towns.
100
But faint thou not, ſink not beneath thy toils;
Fly to the city of Minerva, take
Thy ſuppliant ſeat, with reverence in thy arms
Graſp
What, can you fleep? Is this a time t' indulge
Your indolent repoſe? Thro' your neglect
I am diſhonour'd 'mongſt the dead, revil'd,
For that I flew him with inceſſant taunts,
125
And wander with disgrace: this infamy,
I tell you, is thro' you: my horrid ſuff'rings,
From those moſt dear to me, excite no anger
Of one offended God;
yet I was ſlain
130
By my fon's hand. With thy mind's eye behold
Theſe wounds: in ſleep the vig'rous foul, ſet free
From groſs corporeal ſenſe, with keener view
Looks thro' the fate of mortals, dimly ſeen
Thro' the day's troubled beam.
135
In dreams doſt thou purſue him, like the hound
That opens in his fleep, on th' eager chace
E'en then intent.
And is this all? Awake,
Ariſe: let not thy toil ſubdue thee; know
165
What loſs enſues if ſleep enfeebles thee;
And let theſe juſt reproaches ſting thy mind,
Incentives to the wife: with firey breath,
That ſnuffs the ſcent of blood, purſue this ſon,
Follow him, blaſt him in the profp'rous chace.
170
Ha, ſiſters, ha! 'tis baſe, 'tis foul;
Vain is our labour, vain our care:
175
This inſult ſtings my tortur'd ſoul,
Untaught contempt and wrong to bear.
Whilſt overpow'r'd with ſleep I lay,
Burſt from the net eſcapes the prey.
Great triumph, treach'rous ſon of Jove,
180
In youth's freſh prime to mock my age!
Thee cou'd this impious ſuppliant move
(And thou a God) whoſe cruel rage
Plung'd in his mother's breast his ſword?
Yet thou hast ſcreen'd the wretch abhorr'd.
185
Claſhing her ſcourge with hideous ſound
Reproach upon my ſlumbers ſtole;
Deep in my heart impreſs'd the wound,
E'en yet chill horror ſhakes my ſoul.
These are the deeds in miſrule's hour
190
When youthful Gods uſurp the pow'r.
See all defil'd with gore thy throne,
There fate the murd'rer dropping blood.
Yet theſe pollutions are thy own;
From thee the call, the impulſe flow'd:
195
Such grace, deſpis'd th' age-honour'd Fates',
Your new unhallow'd ſhrines awaits.
And ſhall this wretch in ſafety breath,
Screen'd by thy pow'r ſevere to me;
No: let him fly the earth beneath,
200
Never, he never ſhall be free:
No: as he dared this murd'rous deed,
Murder ſhall fall upon his head.
Hence, I command you, from my hallow'd ſeat
Begone with ſpeed; quit this oracular ſhrine:
205
This is no place to ſnatch your winged ſerpents,
And hurl them from your golden-twifted ſſtring,
To wring the black blood from the human heart
With torture, then diſgorge your horrid feaſt
Of clotted gore: Such guests my houſe abhors.
210
Begone where vengeance with terrific rage
Digs out the eyes, or from the mangled trunk
Remorſeleſs rends the head; to flaughters go,
Abortions, lurking ambush, rampir'd force,
To ſuff'rings, to impalements, where the wretch
215
Writhes on the ſtake in tortures, yelling loud
With many' a ſhriek: In feaſts like these, ye hags
Abhorr'd, is your delight; ſufficient proof
That execrable form: the deſert wild,
Where the blood-rav'ning lion makes his den,
220
Such ſhou'd inhabit; nor with impure tread
Pollute theſe golden ſhrines: begone, and graze
Without a keeper; for of ſuc an herd
Th' indignant Gods diſdain to take the charge.
The ſacred pledges of connubial Juno
And Jove haſt thou diſparag'd, ſet at nought;
And Venus is diſparag'd by thy words,
From whom the dearest joys, that ſweeten life,
Ariſe; for hallow'd is the nuptial bed,
245
Of deeper ſanctity than oaths, and guarded
By justice. If to those, whoſe mutual rage
Bathes in each others' blood, thy chaſt'ning hand
Is gentle; if thine eye looks milder on them,
Nor flames with wrath; unjustly does thy vengeance
250
Purſue Oreſtes; ſuch I now behold
Thy threat'ning mien, to others more benign.
But Pallas, righteous queen, ſhall judge this cauſe.
It may not be: no: when the fluent moiſture
Is ſunk into the ground, 'tis loft for ever:
Can then a mother's blood, ſpilt on the earth,
290
Be from the earth recover'd? No. Thy hour
Of ſuff'ring is arriv'd, the hour that gives
The purple ſtream, that warms thy heart, to quench
My thirst, which burns to quaff thy blood, and bend
To the dark realms below thy waſted limbs;
295
There, for thy mother's murder, ſhalt thou learn
To taste of pain; there ſee whatever mortal
Dar'd an injurious deed, profaned the Gods,
Attack'd with ruffian violence the ſtranger,
Or rais'd his impious hand againſt a parent,
300
Each with vindictive pains condemn'd to groan,
His crimes requiting; for beneath the earth
The aweful Judge of mortals Pluto ſits,
And with relentless Justice marks their deeds.
Train'd in affliction's rigid lore, I know
305
Many ablutions: when to ſpeak I know,
When to be filent: inſpiration now
With heav'nly wisdom prompts my tongue to plead.
The faded blood is vaniſh'd from my hands,
Nor from my mother's ſlaughter leaves a ſtain;
310
The recent crimſon at Apollo's ſhrine
Waſh'd off with lavers pure, with offer'd victims
Aton'd.
This honeſt prelude might be graced
With many' an argument: nor came I hither
315
Conforted with a vile and impious band.
All things with time grow old, and wear away.
And now from hallow'd lips my pious pray'r
Invokes the pow'r preſiding o'er this realm,
Royal Minerva, that ſhe haſte to aid
320
Her ſuppliant: ſo with voluntary zeal
Myſelf, my country, all the Argive people,
To her with justice I devote for ever.
If in the coaſts of Libya, on the banks
Of Triton, native ſtreame, ſhe ſets her foot
325
Or bare, or buſkin'd, prompt to aid her friends;
If o'er the plains of Phlegra, like a chief
That marſhals his bold troops, ſhe darts her eye,
Her preſence I implore; tho' diſtant far,
The Goddeſs hears; to free me from these ills.
330
No: not Apollo, nor Minerva's pow'r
Shall ſet thee free, but that an abject outcaſt
Thou drag thy ſteps, ſeeking in vain to find
Reſt to thy joyleſs ſoul, exhausted, worn,
A lifeleſs ſhadow.
335
Yet thy pride replies not,
Me, and my threats deſpiſing, tho' to me
Devoted, my rich victim, and alive
To feed my rage, not offer'd on the altar.
Hear now the potent ſtrain, that charms thee mine.
340
PROSODE.
Quickly, ſiſters, ſtand around,
Raiſe your choral warblings high;
Since, the guilty ſoul to wound,
Swells the horrid harmony.
Since to mortal man we ſhow
345
How we give his fate to flow;
Since our will his doom ordains,
Show that juſtice 'mongſt us reigns.
He, whoſe hands from guilt are pure,
Stands in innocence ſecure;
350
And from youth to honour'd age
Fears not our vindictive rage.
To the wretch, that ſtrives to hide
Ruffian hands with murder died,
Cloath'd in terrors we appear,
355
Unrelentingly ſevere;
And, faithful to the injur'd dead,
Pour our vengeance on his head.
STROPHE 1.
Hear me, dread parent, ſable-veſted Night,
O hear th' avenger of each impious deed;
360
Whether we lie in ſhades conceal'd,
Or to the eye of day reveal'd!
Seeſt thou how Phœbus robs me of my right
From my juſt rage the trembling victim freed,
Deſtin'd his mother's death t' atone,
365
And for her blood to ſhed his own!
O'er my victim raiſe the ſtrain,
And let the diſmal sound
His tortur'd boſom wound,
And to frenzy fire his brain.
370
Silent be the ſilver ſhell,
Whilſt we chaunt the potent ſpell;
Then yelling bid th' infernal deſcant roll,
To harrow up his ſoul.
ANTISTROPHE 1.
Avenging Fate, as bending o'er the loom
375
She wove the web, to us this part aſſign'd,
"Whoe'er the laws ſhall dare diſdain,
"And his rude hand with murder ſtain,
"Purſue him Furies, urge his rigorous doom,
"Till refuge in the realms below he find."
380
E'en there not free; my chaſt'ning pow'r
Purſues him to that dreary shore.
O'er my victim raiſe the ſtrain,
And let the diſmal ſound
His tortur'd boſom wound,
385
And to frenzy fire his brain.
Silent be the ſilver ſhell,
Whilſt we chaunt the potent ſpell;
Then yelling bid th' infernal deſcant roll,
To harrow up his ſoul.
390
STROPHE 2.
This taſk aſſign'd us at our natal hour,
Far from th' immortal Gods our ſteps we bend:
Nor welcome at the ſocial feaſt,
Nor honour'd with a ſplendent vest;
For mine I proudly claim the dreadful pow'r
395
From its firm base the ruin'd house to rend,
When in calm peace its ruthless lord
Diftains with a friend's blood his ſword.
Him, tho' ſtrong, we rush to ſeize;
And for the new-pour'd blood
400
Demand his purple flood,
Glorying in the ſacrifice;
Duteous haſt'ning to remove
Cares like these from angry Jove;
And ſpare, whilſt fierce for blood my vengeance flies,
405
The terrors of the ſkies.
ANTISTROPHE 2.
His wrathful eye Heav'n's mighty monarch rolls,
Awefully filent, on this blood-ſtain'd race.
But all the gorgeous blaze of pow'r,
Which trembling mortals here adore,
410
When, mantled in these ſable-ſſhaded ſtoles,
With blood-besprinkled feet we urge the chace,
Sinks darkling to th' infernal ſhades,
And all its boafted glory fades.
Near him, as he flies, I bound,
415
And when, with guilt oppreſt,
His weary ſteps wou'd reſt,
Spurn him headlong to the ground.
Senſeleſs he, perchance, and blind,
Such the frenzy of his mind,
420
Such the deep gloom guilt ſpreads around his walls,
He knows not that he falls.
EPODE.
But ſhall ſhelt'ring wall or gloom
That from dark'ning guilt is ſpread,
Hide him from his rigorous doom,
425
Or protect his deſtin’d head?
Mine the vengeance to deſign,
And to ſtamp it deep is mine.
Sternly mindful of the crime,
Nor by man appeas’d, nor time,
430
When the wretch, whoſe deed unbleſt
Dares profane high Heav'n's behest,
Tho' conceal'd from mortal eyes
Thro' the ſunleſs darkneſs flies,
We pursue the rugged chace,
435
And his dubious footſteps trace.
Hear then guilty mortals, hear,
And the righteous God revere;
Hear the taſk to me aſſign'd,
Fate the firm decree ſhall bind;
440
Mine the prize of old ordain'd,
Never with diſhonour ſtain'd,
Tho' my drear abode profound
Night and darkneſs cover round.
Say, ſtranger, what can'ſt thou reply to this?
Speak firſt thy race, thy country, thy misfortunes;
Then urge thy plea againſt this accuſation;
If truſting in the juſtice of thy cauſe,
490
Thus ſeated near my altar, thou embrace
With reverend hands, a ſuppliant as Ixion t ,
My ſtatue. Be thy anſwer ſhort and clear.
This is a cauſe of moment, and exceeds
The reach of mortal man: nor is it mine
To judge, when blood with eager rage excites
To vengeance.
525
Thou with preparation meet
Haſt to my ſhrine approach'd a ſuppliant pure,
Without offence; and to my favour'd city
Uncharg'd with blame I readily receive thee.
Let theſe, whoſe ruthleſs rage knows not the
530
touch
Of pity, not ſucceeding in their plea,
Retire awhile, till judgment ſhall decide
The conteſt: from their breaſts black poiſon flows,
And taints the ſick'ning earth.
535
Thus I pronounce
To each, unequal in this dubious ſtrife
To give content to both. But ſince to me
Th' appeal is made, it ſhall be mine t' elect
Judges of blood, their faith confirm'd by oath,
540
And ratify the everlaſting law.
Prepare you for the trial, call your proofs,
Arrange your evidence, bring all that tends
To aid your cauſe: I from the holieſt men
That grace my city will ſelect to judge
545
This cauſe with juſtice; men, whoſe ſanctity
Abhors injuſtice, and reveres an oath.
Confuſion on theſe upſtart laws!
Havoc with haughty ſtride
Shall march, and wave her banner wide,
550
If venial be this bloody caitiff's cauſe.
Impunity ſhall mortals lead
To ev'ry ſavage deed,
And prompt the ſon with rage unbleſt
To plant the dagger in the parents' breaſt.
555
I ſmile at all this lawleſs force;
Nor ſhall our dreaded pow'r
In vengeance viſit impious mortals more:
No: let deſtruction take her deſtin'd courſe,
ANTISTROPHE I.
Whiſlt his own anguiſh one ſhall moan,
560
He hears his neighbour tell,
Appall'd, of deeds as fierce, as fell;
Tear falls to tear, and groan ſucceeds to groan.
Nor ſhall the rolling ſtorm of woe
One gleam of comfort know.
565
When anguiſh rends the tortur'd breaſt,
Be not to us the mournful call addreſt.
"Where is your throne, ye Furies, where
Juſtice," the father cries,
Or the pale mother, as in blood ſhe lies:
570
But juſtice from her throne is exil'd far.
STROРНЕ 2.
Yet are there hours, when conſcious fear
And the ſtern eye, that darts
Severely thro' their ſecret hearts,
With ſober counſels check their mad career.
575
For when no ray of heavenly light
Breaks thro' the fullen night,
Dark deeds enſue, and virtue's pow'r
By man, by ſtate is reverenc'd no more.
Shall he, the wretch that ſcorns controul,
580
And ſpurns each ſacred law,
Or he that drags his chain with ſervile awe,
Feel the ſweet peace that calms the virtuous ſoul?
ANTISTROPHE 2.
Placed in the midſt does ſtrength reſide.
With an indignant frown
585
On each extreme the Gods look down;
Injuſtice is the child of impious pride.
But all the joys, that life can know,
From temper'd wiſdom flow.
To juſtice chief thy ſoul incline,
590
And bow with reverence at her hallow'd ſhrine.
Nor dare, allur'd by curſed gold,
With foot profane and bold
To ſpurn her altars: vengeance waits the crime,
"And arm'd with terrors knows her deſtin'd time.
595
EPODE.
Eschilo, Le Eumenidi: traduzione italiana di Ettore Romagnoli (OCR draft) Experimental (Eschilo, Le Eumenidi: traduzione italiana di Ettore Romagnoli. Ettore Romagnoli, 1922.) — 34 focus
Ahi! terribile a dire, e piú terribile
a vederlo, mi scaccia uno spettacolo
fuor dal tempio del Nume!
Io non ho forze
45
piú: non mi reggo piú: sovra le palme
io mi trascino, e non sui piedi.
lo non ti tradirò. Presso o lontano,
t'assisterò sino alla fine, e mite
mai non sarò per gl'inimici tuoi.
Vedi che queste Furie infine ho colte:
80
giaccion nel sonno le odïose vergini,
le antiche figlie della notte, a cui
non dei Superi alcuno e non degli uomini
né fiera alcuna mescesi.
Ministre
85
qui di ruina vennero: ché pure
sotto la terra, in ruinosa tenebra,
han dimora, nel Tartaro; e degli uomini
le aborrisce la stirpe e degli Olimpî.
Ma pur, tu fuggi, e non fiaccarti: ch'esse
90
Ehi là! Dormite? E che bisogno ho io
di sonnacchiose?
Perché m'offendete
La fiera in sogno insegui, e al par di cane
che mai la caccia non oblia, tu mugoli.
155
Sorgi, che fai? Stanchezza non t'abbatta!
Ahimè, che smacco soffrimmo, compagne !
Figlio di Giove, ben tu sei furace.
Una rampogna nel sogno giunse,
come l'auriga che a mezzo il pungolo
stringe; ed il fegato
180
mi batte, e l'anima.
Sotto il flagello
del reo carnefice,
un gelo un brivido ghiaccio m'assidera.
Tali, dei nuovi Numi le gesta.
185
Contro Giustizia tengono un seggio
che tutto or gemica
grumi sanguinei.
Contaminata
la sacra pietra
190
scorgi dall'orride macchie del sangue.
Ei, ch'è pur vate, con brama spontanea,
bruttava i recessi fatidici
di macchia domestica;
e, contro le leggi dei Superi,
195
le Norme antichissime
struggeva, ad onor d'un effimero.
A me diviene odïoso: né libero
sarà che mai renda quell'empio,
se pur fra le tènebre.
200
del suolo fuggisse.
È colpevole :
a lui nuovo Dèmone
piombare dovrebbe sul cérebro.
Priva è d'onore, è nulla già la fede
di Giove e d'Era pronuba!
Bandita
va per i detti tuoi, spregiata Cipride,
245
Cerca, su, cerca per tutto, ed investiga
285
ché il matricida non fugga impunito!
Dalle sciagure ammaestrato, appresi
305
ciò che convenga in ogni evento; e so
quando parlar convien, quando il silenzio.
Saggio maestro or favellar m'impone.
Langue su la mia man, si strugge il sangue :
del matricidio la recente macchia
310
lavata è già con sangue espiatorio
presso l'ara del Dio fu cancellata :
lungo sarebbe annoverare quanti
contatto ebbero meco, e illesi andarono.
E santamente e con pio labbro, adesso
315
chiamo la Dea di questa terra, Atena,
che a soccorrermi giunga. Ella, senz'armi,
e me stesso e la terra e il popol d'Argo
fido alleato ognor guadagnerà.
O sia che tu ne le contrade libiche
320
su'l fluviale tramite tritonio
che ti die' vita, a sostener gli amici,
o nascosto o palese il piede avanzi,
o sia che, ardita guidatrice, vigili
con virile saldezza il pian di Flegra,
325
tu, che sei Dea, che pur da lungi m'odi,
amami, e me da queste pene salva.
Apollo non potrà, non la possanza
potrà d'Atena farti salvo.
Andrai
330
Su via, dunque, la danza s'intrecci,
poiché la ferale
canzone vogliamo intonare,
340
e dire la sorte che agli uomini
comparte la nostra congrega.
Ci vantiam di seguire Giustizia.
Chi pure ha le mani,
nessuna vendetta
345
spirata da noi su lui repe,
e illeso trascorre sua vita.
Ma se un reo, come l'uomo ch'or fugge,
nasconde le mani cruente,
noi, vindici giuste a chi cadde,
350
dinanzi apparendogli,
del sangue il riscatto esigiamo.
O mia madre, o tu che m'hai
generata, Notte madre,
a punir vivi e defunti,
355
tu m'ascolta:
ch'ora Febo
me d'ogni onore priva, e m'invola
questo fuggiasco, che la sua madre
scannò, ch'è sozzo di sangue ancora!
360
Sopra la vittima questa mia nenia
dissennatrice, folle, delira,
quest'inno delle Furie,
che avvince gli animi, che strugge gli uomini,
schivo di lira.
365
Tale a noi perenne cómpito
die' la Parca inesorabile:
al mortale temerario
che le man' di strage macchia,
sempre seguire le sue vestigia,
370
sin che la terra non lo ricopra ;
né dopo morto libero è ancora.
Sopra la vittima, questa mia nenia
dissennatrice, folle, delira,
quest'inno de le Furie
375
che avvince gli animi, che strugge gli uomini,
schivo di lira.
ch'io m'elessi la rovina
delle case, allor che Marte
entro i letti ov'ha l'amico
nido, compie amica strage.
385
Sopra questo ci avventiamo,
e per quanto sia gagliardo,
l'abbattiam con nuovo sangue.
Altri cosí, mercè nostra, di simile cura va sgombro.
Orecchio a le preci che a me si volgono, i Numi non prestino,
390
né l'opera nostra inquisiscano.
Anche se giungono al cielo, la fama, la gloria degli uomini,
400
cadono al suolo disfatte, deserte d'onore,
Con un gran lancio dall'alto io piombo,
e l'orma somma del mio pie' gravo
405
sopra i fuggiaschi, gravo a sterminio
le membra, e infliggo la trista sorte.
Né chi rovina, nel turpe delirio, del crollo s'avvede :
come caligine attorno lo scempio gli svola;
e la lor misera fama, sovr'esse le case
410
addensa fra lagrime le tenebre cieche.
Con un gran lancio dall'alto io piombo,
e l'orma somma del mio pie' gravo
sopra i fuggiaschi, gravo a sterminio
le membra, e infliggo la trista sorte.
415
Questa è la nostra legge,
e al nostro fine agevoli
troviamo i mezzi. Memori
e severe ai mortali, e inesorabili,
senza onore né pregio,
420
viviam lunge dai Numi,
dove non s'apre tramite
né ai vivi, né ai defunti, ove non brillano
giammai del sole i lumi.
Chi mai dunque fra gli uomini
425
non mi venera e teme,
udendo la mia norma
fatale, a cui concede esito il Dio?
L'antico privilegio
anche oggi in me perdura;
430
né priva andrà d'onore,
se pur sotto la terra io mi rifugio,
ne la tènebra oscura.
Da lungi udito ho de l'appello il suono,
dallo Scamandro, ove la sede mia
435
stabilita ho nel suol, che, parte eletta
dei predati trofei, tutto a me sacro,
per sempre, i duci e i prenci d'Argo vollero,
e ai figli di Tesèo dono ne fecero.
Di lí spingendo il pie' mai stanco, giunsi
440
senz'ali, e ai venti fremea gonfia l'egida.
Or, qui veggendo cosí nuova accolta,
non temo io già, ma stupefatta resto.
Chi siete mai? Lo chiedo a tutti. A questo
che, straniero, all'idol mio si stringe,
445
e a voi, disformi ad ogni essere nato,
cui né mai tra le Dee videro i Numi,
né somigliate alle parvenze umane.
E tu, che cosa opporre, ospite, puoi ?
Di' la tua patria, la progenie tua
e le vicende, e dalle accuse scólpati,
se fede hai pur nella giustizia, e siedi
475
perciò, come Ission, supplice sacro
vicino all'ara e al simulacro mio.
Rispondi a tutto, e fa ch'io chiaro intenda.
Se alcuno v'è che troppo ardua tal causa
pensa che sia da giudicarla gli uomini,
515
neppure a me consento io stessa sciogliere
d'un omicidio l'odiosa lite.
Leggi novelle sconvolgeranno
535
la terra tutta, se questo scempio, se questa causa
del matricida trionferà.
Per tal sentenza, la man degli uomini
ad ogni eccesso trascorre immune.
Di vere piaghe dai figli aperte
540
la doglia incombe già sui parenti.
Ogni destino volga a sua posta!
Narrando i mali dei lor vicini,
545
si chiederanno l'un l'altro un fàrmaco,
una difesa dai mali, ahi, miseri!,
dove consigli non son che vani!
Bene è spesso che tra gli uomini
trovi luogo, e che degli animi
550
a custodia il timor segga:
non disdicono
a saggezza angusti freni.
Qual città, quale uomo credi
che potrà, se in cuore dramma
555
di timore non alberghi,
venerare la giustizia ?
Niuno ormai, se la sciagura
lo percuota, osi levare
piú le supplici parole:
560
O Giustizia,
e voi, troni dell'Erinni!
Leverà presto tal gemito
qualche padre, qualche madre
tormentata, poi che il tempio
565
di Giustizia crolla già.
Non lodar vita servile,
né che sciolto abbia ogni freno.
Ogni possanza nel mezzo locar volle il Nume, che vigile
or qui l'occhio volge, ora altrove.
570
lo dico in verità,
ch'è Tracotanza figliuola d'Empiezza;
ma dal pensier prudente
nasce Beatitudine,
diletta ad ogni gente.
575
Aeschylus, Eumenides: versio Latina Ioannis Sanravii (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Eumenides: versio Latina Ioannis Sanravii. Ioannes Sanravius, 1555.) — 34 focus
Certè grauia dicere, & grauia uidere,
Rurſus me miſit ex æde Loxiæ.
35
Vt neq; poſset, neq; attollere ſeditionem.
Curro manibus, non uelocitate crurium.
Verita enim uetula nihil contraria filio quidem.
Ego quidem repo ad multicoronatum antrum,
Video enim in umbilico quidem uirum Deo inuiſo
40
Sedem habentem pollutum ſanguine,
Pandentem manus, & recenter strictum enſem
Habentem, oliuæq;
alte genitum ramum,
Lana maxima coronatum modeſtè.
45
Candida ualde, manifeſtè huic dicam.
Ante uirum hunc mirabilis manipulus
Dormit mulierum in ſolijs ſedens.
Non mulieres, ſed Gorgonas dico.
Neq; rurſus Gorgijs aſsimilabo formis.
50
Vidi aliquando depictas Phinei
Prandium ferentes celeres uisu: tamen
Ipſæ, nigræ enim omnino execratæ ſunt.
Stertunt uerò non fictis flatibus
Ex oculis ſtillant inimicam uiolentiam.
55
Et ornatus, neq; ad deorum ſtatua:s
Ferre dignus, neq;
ad hominum domos.
Amicitiam non uidi huius conuerſationis.
Neq; ulla terra hoc optat genus
60
Alens impune, neq; lugere laborem.
Hinc iam domino domuum hæc
Ipſi ſint curæ Loxiæ fortiſsimo,
Medicouates eſt & prodigiorum ſpeculator.
Et alijs domorum purgatio.
65
Non certè prodā, ad finem uſq;
uerò tibi custos ero
Propè aſtans, & procul abſens
A tuis inimicis, & non ero impotens.
Et nunc uides captas has ſurtis
70
Somno cadentes uerò ſpuentes puellæ,
Vetulæ, ſenes puellæ, quibus non miſcetur
Deorum aliquis, neq;
homo, neq; fera unquam.
Malorum uerò gratia ſunt, & in malo
75
Tenebras inhabitant & tartarum ſub terra.
Inuiſæ hominibus & dijs cælestibus.
Tamen fuge, neq; mollis esto,
Perſequentur te per longam Epirum
Aſcendentem ſine detrimento erraticam terram.
80
Et ſupra Pontum, mariq; clauſas urbes.
Et ne defatigeris hunc mitigans
Laborem, migrans uerò ad urbem Palladis,
Sede antiquum apprehendens ulmis ſimulacrum.
Et illic iudices, & horum blandos
85
Sermones habentes, machinas inueniemus,
Vt omnino libereris ab his laboribus.
Nam te interficere perſuaſi maternum corpus.
Dormiat igitur, aurora & dormientib. quid opus est?
Ego uerò à uobis fic ignominia affecta
Cum alijs mortuis, ſic enim interfeci.
100
Probrum mortuis non deficit.
Turpè uerò capta ſum. prædico enim uobis quòd
Habeo maximam cauſam ab illis,
Patiens ſic atrocia, ab amiciſsimis.
Nullus pro me deorum ſuccenſet,
105
Iugulata parricidis manibus.
Vide plagas has tui cordis.
Dormiens enim meis oculis illuminatur.
In die uerò parca ſpeculatrix mortalium.
Certè multa meorum ſuſcepi
110
Inferiasq; uiro carentes, nephalia placamenta
Et noctigrauas coenas in foco ignis
Sacrificaui in hora nulli deorum communi.
Et omnia hæc ideo pedibus conculcata eſse.
Iſte uerò fugiens uenit instar cadaueris,
115
Et hæc leuiter ex medijs retibus
Impetum fecit, uobis inſaniens ualde.
Audite quemadmodum dixi de mea
Anima, intelligite ſubterraneæ deæ,
Somnium uos nunc Clytemneſtra uoco.
120
In ſomnis perſequeris feram, latras uerò quemadmodum
Canis, ſolicitudinem nunquam relinquens laboris.
135
Quid facis? ſurge, ne te uincat labor.
Neq; ignores laborem mitior facta ſomno.
Molestia affice cor iuſtis probris.
His ſapientibus contrarij ſtimuli ſunt.
Neq; ſpiritum ſanguineum emittes hac
140
Expiratione attenuata uteris igni.
Sequere, tabefac ſecundis perſecutionibus.
Heu, heu, Popax paſsi ſumus, ò amicæ,
Certè multa iam patientes fruſtra ego.
Paſsæ ſumus perpeſsiones moleſtas, ò dæmones.
Intolerandum malum
Ex retibus cecidit, uenit enim fera
150
Somno detenta, perdidi prædam.
O fili Iouis furax es,
Iuuenis uerò uetulas deas debellaſti,
Supplicem colens impium uirum,
Parentibus acerbum,
155
Parricidam furatus es Deus exiſtens.
Quid horum dicet aliquis iuſtè habere?
Mihi uerò probrum ex ſomnijs ueniens,
Percuſsit instar aurigæ medio accepto ſtimulo.
Sub mente in corde adeſt flagellator
160
Monſtri domati.
Graue circum graue frigus habere,
Talia patrant moderni dij
Tenentes omnino plusquam iuſticia.
Cruorem ſtillan tem ſedem,
165
Circum pedes, Circum caput licet terræ umbilicum
Videre, ſanguinis horum eluctum ſcelus habere.
Domeſtico uerò tuo uati piaculo
Antrum polluisti,
A ſe ipſo concuſsus, à ſe ipſo denominatus
170
Antiquas parcas corrupiſti
Et certè mæſtus. hunc non ſoluet.
Sub terram fugiens, nunquam liberabitur,
Parricida cum sit. alium in capite
175
Inquinantem illius paſcet caput.
Certè admodum iniuria affecit et præter nihil ſuſcit
Junonis perfectæ & Iouis approbationes.
Venus ignominioſa hoc proiecta est ſermone
Vnde mortalibus fiunt amicitiæ.
Cubile uiro & mulieri fatale,
215
Iuſiurandi iuſticia cuſtoditum manus.
Certè laxationibus mutuis occidunt,
Hoc non fieri neq; æstimare ira.
Non dico Oreſtem te iuſtè perſequi.
Hæc maniſeſtè ſcio, te admodum iratam eſse,
220
Hæc maniſeſtè agentem quietiorem.
Pænas uerò alias uidebis horum dea.
Sed uide, rurſus uide omnino,
Ne lateat fugitiuum aſcendens parricidam inultum.
Ille rurſus exilium habens circa statuam
Adnexus deæ immortali
255
Subditus uult eſse manibus.
Hic non adeſt, ſanguis maternus in terra
Incurabile, papæ hoc ſacrificium humi ſuſum it.
Sed reddere uerita, à uiuente bibere
Rubrum ex miſeris libamen, à te uerò
260
Paſsum ferrem potus mali potatum.
Et uiuentem te uestigans ducam infra.
Contrarias pænas pendes maternas.
Videbis ibi alium uirum,
Aut deu, aut hoſpitem, aliquem impiorum, aut parentes
265
Habentem quemq; pæne compenſationem. (charos)
Magnus enim Pluto est gubernator mortalium,
Infra terram, tabulæ omnia uidet mente.
Ego edoctus in malis ſcio
Multas expiationes, & dicere ubi iuſticia ſit,
270
Tacereq; ſimiliter, in hoc uerò negotio
Sapere conſtitutus ſum à docto præceptore.
Torpet enim ſanguis, & tabefacit manum.
Maternū ſcelus dilutum est.
Recens enim in ara dei exiſtens
275
Phœbi, purgationibus expulſum est manufactis.
Multus uerò mihi fiat à principio ſermo,
Qui acceſsi innocuo conſortio,
Tempus purgat omnia ſeneſcens ſimul.
Et nunc ex casto ore ſuauiter uoco.
280
Regionis reginam huius Minerua, mihi
Venire in auxilium, poſsidebit uerò ſine hasta
Ipſum, & terram, & Argiuum populum,
Fidelem iuſtè in omnibus ſocium.
Sed ſi in locis regionis Libyſticis,
285
Tritonis circum fluctum genitalis uadi
Ponit rectum & longè ducentem pedem,
Amicis opitulans, ſiue Phlegræam glebam.
Audaciæ dux tanquam uir ſpeculatur,
Venit, audit uerò procul deus exiſtens,
290
Vtcunq; sit mihi horum liberator.
Ne te Apollo neq; Minerue robur
Liberet, ut neglectus
Euaneſcas, gaudium nesciens mentis.
Sine ſanguine cibus dæmonum tenebræ,
295
Neq; contrà clames, ſed expuas uerba,
Mihi conuerſus, & conſecratus.
Age iam & chorum tangamus, poſtq; muſa odioſam
300
Apparere dedit,
Dicere ſortes contra homines,
Vt distribuat ſeditio ſimul
Statim pœnæ ſciemus eſse.
Hos quidem impuras manus adijcientes.
305
Nulla à nobis ira aſserpit
Innocuos uerò uitam agit,
Quiſquis iniuſtorum, tanquam uir
Manus cruentas occultat,
Teſtes rectæ mortuis his
310
Accedentes uindices ſanguinis,
Ipſi perfectè apparuimus,
Mater simul peperiſti, mater
Nox imprudentibus, & uidentibus,
Pœnam audi. Latonæ filius me ignominioſam facit.
315
Hunc auferens timidum, purgationem
Propriam cædis.
In hoc ſacrificato fit
Cantus uerò, amentia,
Furor, inſania,
320
Hymnus ex furijs,
Vinctus ſine occaſione mentis, mœror mortalibus.
Hanc enim ſortem contrariam
Parca neuit fortiter habere,
Mortis his operationes
325
Incidunt stultæ,
Hos ſequi, donec ſub terram uenerint
Moriens non ualde liber.
In hoc ſacrificato
Hoc carmen, amentia,
330
Furor, inſania,
Hymnus ex furijs,
Domorum enim elegi
Mutationes, quando Mars manſuetus exiſtens amicus
Intenſè perſequentes
Fortem exiſtentem ſimiliter
345
Obſcurabimus ſanguine recenti.
Festinè auferre
Has curas,
Deorum uerò imperfectionem
Meis precibus perficere, neq; ad ſummum uenire.
350
Iupiter enim ſanguine diſtillans odio digna gentem
Loquelam hanc dignam putauit
Opiniones uirorum & ualde ſub æthere
Graues ordinatæ. ſub terra deficiunt inhonorate.
Noſtris impetibus lugubribus,
355
Saltationibus ſanguinolentis pedis.
Admodum uerò capta ex ulnis grauium
Fero pedis uehementiam.
Inbecillia longis curſibus
Membra intolerando detrimento.
360
Cadens uerò non nouit hoc præ imprudentia.
Malum, tale per tenebras uerò odium uolat,
Et tenebroſam aliquam nubem in domo
Vocat fama longè gemens.
Manet enim, potentes uerò
365
Et perfectè malorumq; memores atroces,
Et conſolatione carentes mortalibus
Ignominioſe iniuſte furentes.
Sortis deorum diſsentiere faciunt,
Et ſine ſole lucere difficiles acceſsu
370
Reſpicientibus & uidentibus malè ſimul.
Quis igitur hæc non colet & ueretur mortalium
Audiens meum ius,
Et fatum ex dijs.
Dans finem, eſt uerò mihi
375
Munus antiquum, neq;
Ignominia aſsequor, ſi ſub terra
Ordinem habens & obſcuras tenebras.
Procul exaudiui rumoris uocem
Ab Scamandro accenſam,
380
Quam uidelicet Achiuorum duces, & primarij
Captarum rerum ſortem magnam
Distri buerunt robur ipſum omnino mihi
Electum donum Theſei filijs.
Inde perſequens ueni indomito pede.
385
Sine alis abſorbens sinum Aegidis,
Pullis robustis hoc coniugans uehiculum,
Et nunc uidens hanc conuerſationem terræ,
Timeo quidem nihil, admiratio adeſt in oculis.
Quiſnam tandem eſtis? omnibus uerò in comūne dico.
390
Simulacrum uerò meum huic miti hoſpiti,
Vosq; ſimiles nulli generi Spartanorum,
Neq; inter deas uisis à dijs,
Neq; in mortalibus ferendæ formæ.
Dicere deformem exiſtentem propinquos malè.
395
Procul à iuſtis Themis uerò abſtinet.
Quid adhæc uerò dicere ò hoſpes uiciſsim uis?
Dicens uerò regionem, & genus, & calamitates
Tuas, deinde ultoris uituperium.
420
Si confisus iuſticiæ, statuam hanc
Pergis cuſtodire, propè meam aram.
Grauis ſupplex in modis Ixionis.
His reſponde omnibus docilis mihi.
Facinus maius quàm putet quis hoc,
Mortalis, iudicare, neq; tamen mihi fas,
Cædes disce:rnere iracundæ pœnæ,
Alias, tu quidem perfectus ætate tamen
455
Supplex ueniſti purus innocuus domum.
Tamen te inculpatum eligo ciuitati.
Ipſæ uerò habentes fatum non tempeſtiuum,
Et non aſsequutæ negotium ferens uictoriam,
Secedant rurſum, ex conſilio ſanies
460
In ſolum cadens intolerabilis grauis morbus.
Talia quidem hæc ſunt, licet ambobus manere.
Mittere uerò mala ſigna non poſsum.
Poſtquam negocium huc mandauit hoc
Cædis iuratæ iudices electos,
465
Ius in omne tempus ego ponam.
Vos uerò teſtimonia & signa
Vocatis auxiliatoria, iuramenta iuſticiæ
Indicans meorum ciuium optima
Veniam, disce:rnere hoc negocium uerè,
470
Iuſiurandum tranſgredientes nullum iuſtum mente.
Nunc euerſiones nouarum legum, ſi
Tenuerit iuſticia, uel detrimentum huius parricidæ
Omnes iam opus opportunitate conſociabit mortales.
Multæ uerò peſses adhærebunt uerè puerorum leſiones
475
Parentibus, poſtea in tempore rurſum ſpeculatorum
Menadum horum aſserpet ira mortalium.
Omne fatum dixiſti. intelliget uerò alius aliunde,
Aduocans mala propinquorum,
Quies, ſolutioq; laborum non amplius firma,
480
Miſeros aliquis fruſtra conſolabitur
Neq; quis uocet
Calamitate paratus,
Hoc uerbum dicens,
Heu iuſticia,
485
Heu ſedesq; furiarum.
Fortaſsis hæc, pater,
Aut mater recenter perpeſsa,
Miſericordia afficietur,
Poſtquam cadit domus iuſtè.
490
Sic erit grauitatem & mentis ſpeculantem
Timet ſedentem. conducit
Sapere præ luctu.
Quis uerò nihil in luce
Cor alens,
495
Aut urbs mortalis?
Similiter amplius colet iuſticiam.
Neq; liberam uitam,
Neq; ſubditam laudabis.
Omni quidem tali robur
500
Deus præbet, alia
Alia præbent, temperatum uerò uerbum dico.
Imprietatis uerò contumelia natus tanquam uerè,
Ex ſanitate mentis omnibus uerò amica eſt
Multum optata felicitas, omnino ſanè dico
505
Reuereri iuſticiæ aram, neq; ipſum
Videns lucrum impio
Pede calcando uilipendas.
Pœna ſequitur,
Proprius manet finis.
510
Ad hæc quilibet parentum
Cultum bene primariorum
Et hoſpitales domuum curas
Reuereatur.
Aeschylus, Die Eumeniden: German translation (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, Die Eumeniden: German translation. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, 1919–1923.) — 34 focus
Aus Phoibos' Hause jagt ein Anblick mich zurück,
35 den Augen grau'nvoll, grau'nvoll zu beschreiben auch.
Mir schwinden meine Sinne, wanken meine Knie,
die Arme fliegen zitternd, doch der Fuſs ist steif.
Das Alter wird vor Schrecken hilflos, wird zum Kind.
Ein tret' ich in das kranzbehang'ne Heiligtum,
40 da seh' ich einen Menschen nah dem Nabelstein.
Schutzflehend sitzt er und entweiht den heil'gen Ort.
Blut trieft von seinen Händen, die das nackte Schwert
noch halten und des Ölbaums hochgewachs'nen Zweig,
den keusch ein weithin wallendes Gewand verhüllt,
45 die weiſse Wollenbinde, deutlich sag' ich so.
Vor diesem Menschen aber auf den Stühlen sitzt
und schläft von Weibern eine wundersame Schar,
nein, Weiber nicht, Gorgonen mögen's eher sein
Ich will dich nicht verlassen. Mag ich nahe dir
65 zur Seite weilen oder fern: stets wart' ich dein
und gebe niemals schwächlich deinen Feinden nach.
Ihr schlaft wohl? Holla, taugt es, daſs ihr schlafend
liegt?
95 Und ich, von euch so preisgegeben in der Schar
der Schatten - ach, die Toten hören stets den Schimpf
von denen, die ich selber schlug. In Schanden muſs
ich einsam schweifen. Und ich sag's euch an, die Last
ihrer Anklagen drückt mich schwer, und ich, an der
100 das nächste Blut so fürchterliche That beging,
in Höll' und Himmel hab' ich keinen, der mich rächt,
ob Mutterblut mein Mörder auch vergossen hat.
Sie entblöfst die Brust.
Sieh hier die Wunde. Deine Seele nimmt sie wahr,
104 denn erst im Schlafe wird des Geistes Auge hell.
106 Ihr habt von meinen Schenkerhänden manchen Guſs
weinloser Spenden, nüchtern Opfer gern geschlürft,
und meines Herdes Flamme hat in nächt'gen Weih'n
euch manches Mahl bereitet, wo kein andrer Gott
110 geladen wird; für alles zahlt ihr Schmach als Dank.
Und er ist fort, ist ausgebrochen wie ein Reh,
war von den Netzen schon umstellt, und doch ent-
weicht
er leichten Sprunges, spottet euch hohngrinsend aus.
Hört mich, um meiner Seele Frieden ruf ich euch,
115 kommt zu euch, ihr Gewalt'gen aus dem Reich der
Nacht.
Als Traumerscheinung ruft euch Klytaimestra wach.
Im Traume schlägst du an und spürst dem Wilde nach:
so läfst das Jagen auch im Schlaf die Bracke nicht.
Was hilft es? Aufsteh'n musst du, die Ermattung darf
dich nicht bezwingen, nicht des Schlafes Süfsigkeit
verhindern, daſs du des Verlustes inne wirst.
135 Wie Geiſselhiebe fühlt der Redliche den Schmerz
verdienten Vorwurfs: dring' er dir ins tiefste Mark.
Nun vorwärts zur Verfolgung, schnaube blut'gen Hauch,
heifser Gedärme Feuerodem hinter ihm,
verdorr' ihn, mach' ihn mürbe mit der zweiten Hatz.
Wir sind geschlagen, Schwestern.
Hallo, du Dieb.
Ja,
ein Dieb bist du, Apollon.
Wie Peitschenhiebe traf im Traum
aufstörend die Trägheit
Scheltrede mein Ohr.
Es drang mir die Schmach
tief in die Nieren,
tief in das Herz,
160 kalt, eiskalt kam der Schauder.
So schneidet des Büttels, des stäupenden, Geifsel.
So treiben sie's, die neuen Götter.
Sie lassen dem Rechte
vorgehen die Macht.
Da seht seinen Stuhl,
165 Blut an der Lehne,
Blut an dem Fufs.
Da seht den Erdennabel
mit eklem verpestendem Morde besudelt.
Der Sehergott hat Sündenschmutz an seinen Sitz
170 selber herangeholt,
selber gespritzt.
Wider das Götterrecht
hilft er dem Menschenvolk.
Weltengesetz,
geltend von Ewigkeit,
hat er zerstört.
Mir ward er widrig, aber den erlöst er nicht.
Flöh' er zur Unterwelt,
175 frei wird er nie.
Blut von der Hand ihm trieft:
überall wartet sein
einer wie er.
Blutige Henkershand
packt ihn am Schopf.
Hinaus mit euch. Aus meinem Tempel weis' ich euch.
180 Fort auf der Stelle, trollt euch von dem Sehersitz,
sonst lass' ich von der goldnen Sehne windesschnell
losschwirren den beschwingten Drachen, und er soll
dich beifsen, dafs vor Schmerzen du den schwarzen
Schaum
So leugnet ihr der Aphrodite Macht und Amt,
die doch des Lebensglückes köstlichstes beschert?
Der Liebestrieb, der Mann und Weib zusammenführt,
hält in der Pflicht der Ehe fester als ein Eid.
Wenn du's den Menschen also nachsiehst, dafs sie sich
220 einander morden, nicht einschreitest, nicht bestrafst,
so sag' ich, den Orestes zu verfolgen hast
du auch das Recht verloren, denn das eine nimmst
du bitter ernst, und andren offenkundigen
Verbrechen find' ich dich recht lässig. Doch es wird
in diesem Falle zwischen uns ein Schiedsgericht
entscheiden, das Athenas Weisheit leiten wird.
Aufgepaſst,
Es waltet im Schoſse der Erden
der Sterblichen mächtiger Richter,
der Herr im Reiche des Todes.
275 Allsehend bucht er jede Schuld.
Nicht soll Apollon noch Athenas starke Hand
300 dich retten. Weichen werden sie von dir. Du musst
hinunter, wo der Seele jedes Lustgefühl
abstirbt, der Leib zum Schatten ausgemergelt wird:
Auf denn, reicht zum Reigen euch die Hände,
singen wollen wir das grause Lied.
310 unsres Amtes Pflichten zu verkünden,
das wir üben in der Menschenwelt.
Unser Ruhm ist grades Recht zu schaffen.
Wo der Wandel rein, die Hände rein,
kommen nimmer wir mit Zorn und Rache,
315 und in Frieden fliefst das Leben hin.
Aber wer in Sündenschuld wie dieser
eine blut'ge Mörderhand verbirgt,
dem erscheinen wir. Für den Erschlag'nen
zeugen wir in Treuen, von dem Mörder
320 fordern unerbittlich wir sein Blut.
Mutter Nacht,
höre mich,
Mutter Nacht, du gebarst
mich der Welt des Lichtes,
mich der Welt der Finsternis
zum Gericht.
325 Letos Sohn kränkt dein Recht,
330 raubt das Wild. Mir gehört's
mutterblutbesudelt.
Über dem Opfer, da sprech' ich den Spruch:
Sinnesbethörung,
Sinnesverstörung,
Seelenqual.
Mir beschied diesem Amt
unbeschränkt
335 vorzustehn
ew'ge Weltenordnung.
Wo ein Mensch im Sündenrausch
Blut vergiefst, folg' ich ihm.
Selbst der Tod giebt ihm nicht
340 seine Freiheit wieder.
Über dem Opfer, da sprech' ich den Spruch:
Sinnesbethörung,
Sinnesverstörung,
Seelenqual.
Das ist der Rächenden Zaubergesang,
fesselt die Seele
ohne der Laute Schall,
dörret dem Menschen das Mark im Gebein. ..
Seit ich ward, darf ich mich
dieser Amtsgewalt berühmen.
350 Doch die Himmelsgötter bleiben
meinen Händen unerreichbar.
355 Niemand teilt meinen Tisch. Rebensaft und Festgewand
muſs ich ewig missen.
Häuser zu stürzen, Geschlechter zu löschen
ist unser Beruf.
Wo blutiger Mord,
gleifsender Heuchler, am Freund sich vergreift -
hussa, zur Hatz
wie hurtig er sei,
wie heifs sein Blut:
wir machen ihn kalt.
Einen Gott hatte Zeus
hinterzogen meiner Ahndung,
und zu weigern was ich wünschte,
zu versagen die Verfolgung,
wies er fort unser bluttriefend widerlich Geschlecht
365 aus dem Himmelshause.
Häuser zu stürzen,
Geschlechter zu löschen
ist unser Beruf.
Wo blutiger Mord,
gleifsender Heuchler, am Freund sich vergreift -
hussa, zur Hatz
wie hurtig er sei,
wie heifs sein Blut:
wir machen ihn kalt.
Strebt auch stolz wolkenhoch der Menschenruhm.
Schwinden muſs er, schrumpfen muſs er
schimpflich nieder auf den Grund,
370 wenn wir kommen, schwarze Mäntel schleppend,
375 wenn um ihn gift'ge Zauberkreise
unsre Füfse schlingen.
Wir jagten so lange, wir sprangen so weit;
die Knie sind steif; plump und schwer
schlägt auf der Tritt:
so schlägt die Rache zu Boden.
Ahnungslos spürt er nicht der Schande Nah'n.
Dumpfer Blindheit nächt'ge Hülle
wird dem Sünder seine Schuld.
Doch die Menschen flüstern zu einander
schaudervoll: „Über diesem Hause
380 lagern schwarze Schatten".
Wir jagten so lange, wir sprangen so weit,
die Knie sind steif, plump und schwer
Er wartet auf uns;
wir wissen den Weg,
wir finden das Ziel,
vergessen nie die Schuld.
Wir sind die Erhab'nen.
Uns rührt kein menschliches Bitten.
Wir üben ein Amt
ohn' Ehren und Würde
385 verbannt von den Göttern
in brauende Dünste
des ewigen Dunkels,
unnahbar, unerfindlich
wackerem Auge wie blödem.
Welch' sterblicher Mensch
empfindet nicht Scheu,
390 empfindet nicht Furcht,
wenn dieses Lied er hört.
Fern am Skamandros hab' ich einer Stimme Laut
vernommen, die nach mir verlangte. Beuteland
Was hast du darauf zu erwidern, fremder Mann?
Erst nenne Heimat und Geschlecht und deine That,
dann wehre die Bezichtigung des Klägers ab,
Mit der Entscheidung dieses Handels würde sich
470 zu viel ein Mensch zutrauen, und auch mir gebührt
kein Urteil, wo dem Morde bittre Rache folgt.
Zumal du trotz den voll erfüllten Pflichten doch
bittflehend herkommst, keiner ungesühnten Schuld
Ansteckung bringend. Meine Stadt kann über dich
475 sich nicht beschweren: heilig ist mir dein Gesuch.
Allein auch deine Gegner sind von solcher Art,
daſs man sie ungern abweist. Fällt der Siegesspruch
nicht ihnen zu, so trieft von dem gekränkten Stolz
ein Gift auf unsern Boden nieder, das erzeugt
Miſswachs und arger Seuche schauerlichen Brand.
480 So steht es. Anzunehmen und zu weigern ist
gefährlich gleichermaſsen; ich getrau's mich nicht.
Indes, der Rechtstreit ist einmal vor uns gebracht,
483 so unterbreit' ich die Entscheidung einem Rat
geschwor'ner Richter, die aus meinen Bürgern ich
auswähle, Männer treubewährt, in Ehren grau,
489 abweichend keine Spanne von beschwor'ner Pflicht.
484 Und diese Stiftung setz' ich ein für alle Zeit.
485 Schafft ihr derweilen Zeugen und Belege her
zu eurer Sache rechtlicher Bekräftigung.
Ich komme, wenn ich meines Volkes Würdigste
4VIII erkoren, zum gerechten Wahrspruch wieder her. Ab.
Neues Recht bricht herein,
wenn die Sache, wenn die Sünde
dieses Muttermörders siegt.
Kommt's dazu, mögen alle Menschen
495 sonder Scheu losen Leichtsinn üben.
Und den Eltern bringt die Zukunft
manchen Schlag des schwersten Schmerzes:
denn ihn schlägt des Sohnes Hand.
Folgt dem Streich doch von uns
keine Rache, die wir rasend
ahndeten der Menschen Thun.
Merken wird
jeder allerorten,
wenn er zählt
rings der andern Leiden:
505 unsere Arbeit ruht und feiert,
und vergebens hofft er Hilfe,
sein Vertrau'n auf Rettung trügt.
Wen hinfort Unbill trifft,
510 hebe nicht den Klageruf:
'Hilf mir, Recht, Rache hilf, Urgewalt!"
Freilich, solchen Jammerschrei
heben bald von Missethat
frischverletzt
Mutter hier und Vater dort,
515 denn es stürzt das Recht.
Schauder thut manchmal wohl,
hält in Zucht das trotz'ge Herz.
520 Gut bekommt Mäfsigung, auch aus Angst.
Wer von nichts mehr in der Brust
sich das Herz erschüttern läfst,
der verlernt
bald auch Ehrfurcht vor dem Recht,
Einzelmensch und Staat.
525
Weder unumschränkter Freiheit
noch dem Joch der Herrscherwillkür
gieb den Preis.
Alles hat bei Gott den Vorzug, was die rechte Mitte
hält.
530 Wie verschieden er uns führe, dieser Spruch trifft
immer zu.
Das beherz'ge für und für:
scheu' dich vor dem Thron des Rechts.
540 Wag' es nie
frevlen Fuſses ihn zu treten, weil Gewinnesgier dich
lockt.
Denn du muſst die Strafe zahlen; nimmermehr ver-
fällt die Schuld.
545 Darum übe der Ehrfurcht Pflicht, zuerst an den
gehorsam ihnen unterthan,
Eltern,
und auch am Fremdling unter deinem Dache.
550
Eumenides (OCR draft) Experimental (Eumenides. Anna Swanwick, 1886.) — 22 focus
APOLLO
To avenge his sire I prompted him; why not?
Chorus
With promise this new bloodshed to defend.
APOLLO
And bade him seek as suppliant this shrine.
Chorus
Then these, his escort, why dost thou revile?
APOLLO
Because not meet their presence for these seats.
Chorus
Yet unto us hath been assigned this charge.
APOLLO
What function this? Extol thy fair employ.
200
Chorus
All mother-slayers from their homes we chase.
APOLLO
How if the wife her husband should have slain?
Chorus
Not one in blood were she with him she slew.
APOLLO
Greatly thou dost misprise and set at nought
The nuptial bond of Hera and of Zeus;
Dishonoured too is Kypris by these words,
From whom to mortals come their dearest joys;
For, under Justice' shield, the nuptial couch,
'Twixt man and wife the heaven-appointed bond,
Is mightier than oath; to wedded pair,
210
When one slays other, if thou lenient be,
These not pursuing with keen-sighted wrath,
Not justly then Orestes thou dost chase;
For thee, right earnest in his case I find,
But openly in hers more mild in sooth.
But Pallas shall both sides with justice scan.
Chorus
Trust me this man never will I let go.
APOLLO
Pursue him then, prolong thy fruitless toil.
Chorus
Claim not by word my honours to abridge.
APOLLO
Honours like thine I would reject with scorn.
Chorus
For great thy rank before the throne of Zeus.
220
But I, led on by matricidal blood,
To death will chase this man, and hunt him down.
APOLLO
But I will aid, will save, the fugitive;
For dire with men and gods the suppliant's wrath,
If I his cause should willingly betray.
ORESTES
embracing the sacred image of PALLAS.
Athena queen, at Loxias' behest
I hither come; view kindly one accused,
Not blood-polluted, nor with hands unclean,
For blunted now and worn the edge of crime
At other shrines, and in the paths of men.
230
Passing alike o'er continents and seas,
Obedient to the word oracular
Of Loxias, thy sacred shrine I reach,
Thy image, goddess! Taking here my stand,
I will abide the issue of my cause.
Leader
'Tis well; sure token this, the man is here.
Follow the leading of this voiceless guide;
For still we track, as hound the wounded fawn,
By blood and reeking drops, our destined prey;
With many a toilsome, man-outwearing gasp
Pant my deep vitals, for on every spot
240
Of the wide earth my charge I shepherded,
And now in hot pursuit with wingless flight
Swift as swift galley o'er the sea I course;
Here in some nook ensconced the game must lie;
254
Odour of human blood I snuff with joy.
Chorus
1, 2
Look here! Look there!
Take heed! Beware!
Lest, scathless in flight, illuding our sight,
The matricide 'scape unaware.
3, 4
Lo! yonder enshrined,
Round the goddess entwined,
A verdict he seeks through her aid 'gainst the right.
250
5, 6
But baseless his trust;
Mother's blood from the dust
Is hard to recover, as earth-fallen rain.
7, 8
Lo, suffer thou must
In requital most just,
And I from thy members the life-blood will drain.
9, 10
The red draught I'll taste,
Thy strength I will waste,
Then drag thee still living to regions below,
260
The forfeit to pay for thy mother's death-blow.
11, 12
There thou shalt see in durance drear,
'Gainst god or guest or parents dear,
Like thee who sinned, receiving their due meed.
13, 14
For Hades, ruler of the nether sphere,
Exactest auditor of human kind,
Graved on the tablet of his mind
Doth every trespass read.
ORESTES
To me, long disciplined in woe, are known
Divers lustrations; when to speak I know,
When to be silent; but in present need
By sapient teacher I was charged to speak.
Pale now and dim the blood-mark on my hand;
270
Washed clean away the matricidal stain;
For while yet fresh, by rites of sacred swine,
At Phobos' altar it was duly purged ;—
Tedious the tale, were I to reckon o'er
How many fared with me nor suffered harm.
Time, as it waxeth, purifieth all ;-
Now, with pure lip, I piously invoke
Athena, of this region queen, to come,
My pleader: so she weaponless shall earn
Myself, my realm, and all the Argive host,
280
Honestly true, allies for evermore.
But whether on the distant Libyan plain
She, by her native wave of Triton stand,
Or sit, with foot enveloped, to her friends
Dispensing aid ;-or on Phlegraian fields,
Like warlike leader, marshal her array,—
Oh may she come (a goddess hears from far),
And be my saviour from these miseries.
Chorus
Thee nor Apollo, nor Athena's might
Avails to save. Spurned by the gods themselves,
290
With heart of joy oblivious, thou shalt pine,
The Furies' blood-sucked victim, a mere shade.-
How! no reply! Dost thou contemn my words,
Thou, fattened for me, thou, my victim doomed,
Slain at no altar, but my living prey?—
Our hymn, as chain to bind thee, thou shalt hear.
Full Chorus
STROPHE I.
Oh mother, hear me, Mother Night,
Who brought me forth, a living dread,
To scare the living and the dead,
Latona's son does me despite ;-
Stealing away my trembling prey,
Destined a mother's murder to requite.
Now o'er the victim lift the dread refrain,
The Furies' death-hymn, madness-fraught ;-
Torch of the brain, from Hades brought,—
Soul-binding, lyreless, mortal-blighting strain.
ANTISTROPHE I.
For Fate unswerving span, that we
320
This office hold for evermore :—
321
Mortals imbrued with kindred gore
We chase, till under earth they flee;
And when in death they yield their breath,
Not e'en in realm of Hades are they free.
Now o'er the victim lift the dread refrain,
The Furies' death-hymn, madness-fraught;-
Torch of the brain, from Hades brought,—
328
Soul-binding, lyreless, mortal-blighting strain.
STROPHE II.
For even at birth Fate assigned our career
330
Apart from the gods;-we approach not their sphere;
Their banquets we share not,
Their white robes we wear not,
334
Men's homes to destroy is the Furies' employ.
When Ares in strife
Robs a brother of life,
†Relentless, the blood-dripping caitiff we chase ;-
Though girded with strength, he must falter at length,
And falls, overpowered in the race.
ANTISTROPHE II.
No partner brook wé in our time-honoured cares,
340
341
†Nor share with the gods jurisdiction nor prayers.
For, us, the detested,—
Blood-stained, sable-vested,
High Zeus from his hall did exclude one and all.
So downward we stoop
On our foe with fell swoop,
347
And crush him with heavy footfall where he lies;
†These limbs overthrow both the swift and the slow;
Once prostrate, our victims ne'er rise.
350
STROPHE III.
Men's glory, though beneath the sky
Proudly august, below the earth
Dwindles dishonoured, nothing worth,
Before our dark-stoled company,
354
What time in bodeful dance, untired, our feet we ply.
ANTISTROPHE III.
Through evil blind, the wretch, though prone,
Knows not his fall; for dark the cloud
That doth the guilty mind o'ershroud;
And Fame proclaims with heavy groan,
The doom, like murky cloud, that wraps a house o'erthrown.
STROPHE IV. 360 354a
For such Fate's decree :-awful ministers we,-
360
Keen-eyed to conceive what untired we achieve;
†Of crime ever mindful, obdurate to prayer,
Apart from the gods our loathed mission we bear;-
To living and dead, 'neath our sunless torch-ray,
Dark and rugged our way.
ANTISTROPHE IV.
Who then without fear among mortals can hear
368
Our Fate-sanctioned warrant, our god-given right?
For not with dishonour I wield my dread might,
370
Although my hoar mission, in darkness profound,
372 377 372a 381 389
I hold 'neath the ground.
ATHENA
A voice I heard from far Scamander's banks
Invoking me, what time the land I claimed,-
Fair portion of the booty, spear-achieved,
Which chiefs and leaders of Achaia's host
Apportioned, root and branch, for ever mine,
To Theseus' sons a chosen heritage.
380
Thence have I come, plying unwearied feet,
My swelling Ægis rustling, without wings;
With stalwart coursers harnessed to my car.
And now, beholding here these uncouth guests,
I fear not, yet the marvel takes mine eye.
Who are ye? I address myself to all,
To you and also to this stranger here,
Who as a suppliant at mine image sits.
But you, like nothing that is born and dies,
Neither of goddesses by gods beheld,
390
Nor in similitude of mortal shapes ;-
But to speak ill of those who harm us not
Reason forbids, and Justice stands aloof.
Chorus
Daughter of Zeus, all shalt thou hear in brief.
The progeny of ancient Night are we,
"Curses" yclept in homes beneath the earth.
ATHENA
Your race I know, and titles ominous.
Chorus
Ay, and my honours quickly shalt thou learn.
ATHENA
Mine ears are open, be the word but plain.
Chorus
'Tis ours men-slayers from their homes to chase.
ATHENA
And to the slayer's flight what goal is fixed?
400
Chorus
Where to rejoice is not th' appointed doom.
ATHENA
And to this bourn thou houndest now this man?
Chorus
Yea, for he chose his mother's blood to shed.
ATHENA
Urged by no mandate whose strong dread he feared?
Chorus
Where is the goad should prompt to matricide?
ATHENA
Two parties plead, one only have I heard.
Chorus
But neither will he take nor tender oath.
ATHENA
Repute of justice, not just act, thou wishest.
Chorus
How? Tell me. For no lack of wit is thine.
ATHENA
Win not by oaths unjust success, I say.
410
Chorus
Question then put, and rightful verdict give.
ATHENA
Leave ye to me the ruling of the cause?
Chorus
Surely: just homage just regard requites.
ATHENA
To this what wilt thou in thy turn reply,
O stranger? Tell thy country and thy race,
And thy misfortunes, then ward off this blame;
If, trusting in the right, thou thus dost sit
Clasping mine image, near my sacred shrine,
Ixion-like, a suppliant revered,-
To all these queries give me clear reply.
420
ORESTES
Athena queen! matter of grave import
First will I from thy words last-uttered purge.
Not blood-polluted am I, nor doth stain
Cleave to thine image from thy suppliant's hand.
Sure proof of this will I adduce ;-'tis law
That voiceless lives the man defiled by blood,
Till purifier's hand hath him besprent
With victim's blood, slain in life's budding prime.
Long since at other shrines have been performed,
430
With victims and with streams, these lustral rites.
Thus then this care, as cancelled, I dismiss.
My lineage, what it is, thou soon shalt hear.
Argive am I, my sire thou knewest well,
Marshal of naval heroes, Agamemnon,
In league with whom thou madest Ilion,
Troya's proud city, an uncitied waste.
The hero home returned, and basely fell;
For him, entangled in a subtle net,
My mother, black of soul, did reave of life;
440
The bath bore witness to the deed of blood.
Myself, long time an exile, coming home,
Slew her who bare me,-I deny it not,-
Avenging my dear father, blood for blood.-
But Loxias is sharer in my guilt,
Who goads of anguish to my heart announced,
Unless the guilty found from me their due.
My deed, or just, or unjust, do thou judge;-
Fare as I may from thee, I'll bow content.
ATHENA
Too grave the cause for mortal to adjudge,
450
Nor is it lawful for myself to try
Causes of blood, with such keen issue fraught.
Chiefly for this: although, due rites performed,
My shrine thou visitest as suppliant,
Harmless and pure; yet in my city's cause,
Hurtful to it, I claim, thou shalt not be.
For these hold functions hard to set aside,
And not triumphant in their suit, henceforth,
The poison of their hate, falling to earth,
Will to this land breed dire and cureless plague.
460
So stands the matter;-each alternative,
For them to stay, for me to banish them,
Is mischief-fraught, nor know I remedy.
But since this weighty cause hath lighted here,
Judges of murder, bound by oath, I'll choose,-
Solemn tribunal for all future time.
But for yourselves call witnesses and proofs,—
Sworn evidence collect to aid your suit;
And when, this matter truly to decide,
I from my citizens the best have culled,
Who shun the fraudful oath, I will return.
Chorus
STROPHE I.
Ruin will usher in new laws
Should judgment crown the wrongful cause,
And on this mother-slayer smile ;-
This deed will mortals reconcile
To license, and from age to age,
Parents shall bleed beneath their children's rage.
470
ANTISTROPHE I.
No more this mortal-watching train
Shall dog the caitiff as of yore;-
To murder I will give the rein.
Who tells his neighbour's sorrow o'er,
†Shall hear in turn Grief's anguished moan;
480
Who comforts other's woe, himself must groan.
STROPHE II.
Let none, 'neath Sorrow's stroke
Writhing, our aid invoke,
Pleading with anguished moan,
"O Justice, Justice, O Erinys' throne!"
Some father thus may wail,
Some mother smit with bale,
Vainly, since Justice' altar lieth prone.
490
ANTISTROPHE II.
†Throned in the heart let Awe,
Guardian of sacred law,
There hold her stedfast reign!
Well earned is wisdom at the cost of pain.-
But who in blithesome cheer
That lives, absolved from Fear,
Or man, or State, will Justice long revere?
STROPHE III. 499
Neither life by law unblest,
Nor by tyrant yoke opprest,
500
Sanction thou ;-
All extremes the gods detest;
They the golden mean, I trow,
Stamp with might. The truth I speak
Weighty is. Defiant scorn
Is from godless folly born;
While from inward health doth flow,
508
Beloved of all, true bliss which mortals seek.
ANTISTROPHE III.
This, the sum of wisdom, hear;—
510
Justice' altar aye revere,
Nor ever dare,
Lusting after worldly gear,
With atheist foot to spurn; beware,
Lurketh Retribution near,
Direful issue doth impend;
Honour then with holy fear
517
Thy parents,-household rights revere,
Nor guest-observing ordinance offend.
STROPHE IV.
But who unforced, with spirit free
520
Dares to be just, is ne'er unblest;
Whelmed utterly he cannot be:
But for the wretch with lawless breast,
Bold seizer of promiscuous prey,-
I warn you, he, perforce, his sail
526
Shall strike amid the conquering gale,
When shrouds and yards dismasted own its sway.
ANTISTROPHE IV.
He cries, but mid the whirlpool's roar
None heeds him; for the gods deride,
530
†Eyeing the boaster, proud no more,
Struggling amid the surging tide;
Shorn of his strength he yields to Fate ;-
The cape he weathers not, but thrown
On Justice' reef, with precious freight,
538 550 558
He perisheth for aye, unwept, unknown.
ATHENA
Herald, proclaim! Hold back the multitude,
Let Tuscan trumpet, filled with mortal breath,
Piercing the welkin with sonorous blast,
Ring out its brazen summons to the crowd:
For, while this council-hall the jurors fill,
540
Silence to keep availeth, and to learn
(Yea, the whole city and this stranger too)
What laws for time eternal I ordain;
So may the cause be righteously adjudged.
Chorus
Apollo lord, rule thou thine own domain ;-
In this affair say, what concern hast thou?
APOLLO
Twofold my errand here. As witness, first:
For this man at my shrine is suppliant,
Guest of my hearth; by me from murder cleansed.
Also I come as pleader in his cause;
550
For of his mother's death-blow mine the blame.
[To ATHENA.]
Now, as thy wisdom prompteth, open thou
The trial, Pallas: legalize the suit.
ATHENA
[To the Chorus.]
'Tis yours to speak;-thus I commence the suit.
Since that the plaintiff, taking first the word,
To state the argument may justly claim.
Chorus
Though we be many, brief shall be our speech.
[To ORESTES.]
Do thou in turn make answer, word for word :—
And first declare,—didst thou thy mother slay?
ORESTES
I slew her, nor have e'er denied the deed.
Chorus
Thus of three wrestling-bouts the first is-ours.
ORESTES
Not prostrate he o'er whom thou mak'st this vaunt.
560
Chorus
Behoveth thee to tell how thou didst slay.
ORESTES
This hand, my drawn sword wielding, smote her neck.
Chorus
By whom persuaded, and by whose advice?
ORESTES
By Phobos' words: he witnesseth for me.
Chorus
How? did the prophet counsel matricide?
ORESTES
Certes,-nor thus far have I blamed my lot.
Chorus
But, by the vote condemned, thou'lt change thy speech.
ORESTES
My sire, I trust, will aid me from the tomb.
Chorus
Good: having slain thy mother, trust the dead!
ORESTES
Polluted was she with a twofold stain.
570
Chorus
How so? Instruct the jurors on these things.
ORESTES
Her husband slaying, she my father slew.
Chorus
Thou livest, she through death is murder-free.
ORESTES
Why did ye not then chase her while alive?
Chorus
Not of one blood with her the man she slew.
ORESTES
But am I with my mother one in blood?
Chorus
Thee 'neath her zone she nourished;-blood-stained wretch,
A mother's dearest blood dost thou disown?
ORESTES
Now bear me witness and expound for me,
Apollo, whether I with justice slew.
580
The deed, as wrought, we do not disavow;-
But whether justly shed, or not, this blood,
Judge thou, that answer I may make to these.
APOLLO
To you, Athena's great tribunal, now
Justly I'll speak; a prophet may not lie ;-
Ne'er from my throne prophetic have I said
Concerning man, or woman, or the state,
What Zeus, Olympian sire, might not ordain.
Learn ye how potent is the plea I urge ;—
The Father's will I charge you to obey ;
590
For oaths are not of greater force than Zeus.
Chorus
Zeus, as thou sayest, gave this oracle,
And bade Orestes here, his father's death
Avenging, to despise a mother's rights.
APOLLO
Unlike the case, when dies a highborn man,
Richly adorned by sceptres Heaven-bestowed,
By woman dies, not from impetuous bow
Of Amazons far-shooting: Pallas, nay!
But as thyself shalt hear, and these convened
600
Who sit, by ballot to adjudge this cause.
For, from the mighty labour, conquest-crowned,
†Her lord with friendly welcome she receives,
The bath he enters; him she covers o'er
With broidered robes, then, tangled in the folds,
Smites him, her husband;—such the hero's death,
By all revered, marshal of naval hosts ;-
Her thus I signalize, their hearts to prick
Who here have mission to decide this cause.
Chorus
A father's death Zeus honours,-so thou sayest,-
610
Yet he his father, aged Kronos, chained :-
How prove this deed not adverse to thy word?
Here I invoke you, judges, to give heed.
APOLLO
Oh hateful progeny, of Heaven abhorred!
Fetters he might unloose,-this ill hath cure,
And yields to many a method of release.
But when of murdered man the dust hath once
The blood sucked up, he riseth never more.
No charm hath Zeus, my father, here ordained,
Who all things else upturneth as he will,
620
Nor with the toil panteth his mighty heart.
Chorus
Against his exile darest thou to plead?
Shall he, a mother's kindred blood who shed,
Lord it in Argos, o'er his father's house?
What altars of his people may he touch?
How share the lustral water with his tribe?
APOLLO
Thus I declare, learn ye how just my words.
Not parent of the embryo, but nurse,
Is she, the so-called mother of the child.
630
The father is the source: as stranger, she
For stranger rears the germ, if Heaven blight not.
Sure warrant of my word I will adduce;—
A child, though motherless, may see the light;
Witness this daughter of Olympian Zeus,
Not nurtured in the darkness of the womb,
Yet such a scion goddess never bare.
In will, in action, Pallas, be it mine
Thy city and thy people to exalt.
This man I sent, a suppliant to thy shrine,
640
That faithful he might be for evermore.
That, goddess! thou for allies mightest win
Him and his after-race, and that these pacts
Might last eternal, blessed by men unborn.
ATHENA
I do command you, as your judgment leads,
Just verdict give,-of pleadings now enough.
Chorus
By us in sooth our shafts have all been shot,
The issue of the cause I wait to hear.
ATHENA
How may I rule the cause, unblamed by you?
Chorus
Ye heard what ye have heard ;-now with your heart
650
Give judgment, strangers, and revere your oaths.
ATHENA
Hear ye my statute, men of Attica,—
Ye who of bloodshed judge this primal cause;
Yea, and in future age shall Ægeus' host
Revere this court of jurors. This the hill
Of Ares, seat of Amazons, their tent,
What time 'gainst Theseus, breathing hate, they came,
Waging fierce battle, and their towers upreared,
A counter-fortress to Acropolis;
To Ares they did sacrifice, and hence
660
This rock is titled Areopagus.
Here then shall sacred Awe, to Fear allied,
By day and night my lieges hold from wrong,
Save if themselves do innovate my laws.
If thou with mud, or influx base, bedim
The sparkling water, nought thou'lt find to drink.
Nor Anarchy, nor Tyrant's lawless rule
Commend I to my people's reverence;—
Nor let them banish from their city Fear;
670
For who 'mong men, uncurbed by fear, is just?
Thus holding Awe in seemly reverence,
A bulwark for your state shall ye possess,
A safeguard to protect your city-walls,
Such as no mortals other-where can boast,
Neither in Scythia, nor in Pelops' realm.
Behold! This court august, untouched by bribes,
Sharp to avenge, wakeful for those who sleep,
Establish I, a bulwark to this land.
This charge, extending to all future time,
680
I give my lieges. Meet it is ye rise,
Assume the pebbles, and decide the cause,
Your oath revering. All hath now been said.
Chorus
This sisterhood, oppressive to the land,
My council is that ye in no wise shame.
APOLLO
And I enjoin you, fear mine oracles;
From Zeus they issue, fruitless make them not.
Chorus
Usurping championship of bloody suit,
No longer shall thine oracles be pure.
APOLLO
Did then my Father towards Ixion err,
Who first as blood-stained suppliant, sued for aid?
Chorus
Say on! but I, defrauded in my suit,
690
In turn will haunt the land, dread visitant.
APOLLO
Alike of younger and more ancient gods
Art thou unhonoured. I the cause shall win.
Chorus
So whilom wroughtest thou in Pheres' house,
Moving the Fates mortals from death to free.
APOLLO
Is it not just my votary to save,
Then most when most his trouble calls for aid?
Chorus
But thou the prime allotments didst o'errule
With wine deluding the hoar goddesses.
APOLLO
But thou, full soon, defeated in thy suit,
700
Wilt spew thy venom, harmless to thy foes.
Chorus
Since thou, young god, o'erridest my hoar age,
The issue I await with list'ning ear,
And doubtful stay my wrath against the town.
ATHENA
With me it rests to give the casting vote,
And to Orestes I my suffrage pledge.
For to no mother do I owe my birth;
But I, in all save wedlock, praise the male.
In very truth I am my father's child,
710
Nor care I to avenge a woman's death
Who slew her husband, guardian of the house.
Orestes, judged by equal votes prevails.
The pebbles now pour quickly from the urns,
Judges, to whom this office is assigned.
ORESTES
Phobos Apollo, how will end this suit?
Chorus
O Night, dark mother, seest thou these things?
ORESTES
The noose awaits me, or to see the light.
Chorus
Ruin for us, or firm prerogative.
APOLLO
Now strangers, count the pebbles with due care;
And while ye tell them o'er, let justice reign;
720
Lack of right judgment breedeth mighty woe,
The while one suffrage hath a house restored.
ATHENA
This man acquitted is from charge of blood,
For equal are the numbers of the votes.
ORESTES
Hail Pallas! Hail thou saviour of my house!
The exile, reft of his paternal land,
Thou leadest home: haply some Greek will say,
"The man an Argive is once more, and dwells
On his paternal heritage, by aid
730
Of Pallas, and of Loxias, and Him,
Third Saviour, mighty consummator, Zeus,"
Who, honouring my father's death, saves me,
Beholding these my mother's advocates.
Now to my native Argos I depart,
Pledged to this country and thy lieges here
By oath to be revered for evermore,
That never helmsman of the Argive State
Shall hither bear the well-appointed spear.
For we, ourselves, though couching in the grave,
On those who violate these present oaths
740
By sore perplexities will work, and send
In march despondency, in crossing streams
Omens averse, till they repent their toil.
But unto those who keep this pledge, and honour
Athena's city with confederate spear,
To them will we be gracious evermore.
Hail goddess, and these city-wardens, hail!
Still may your gripe be fatal to your foes,
While victory and safety crown your spear.
Chorus
1
Ye upstart gods, time-honoured laws
750
Down-riding, ye have seized my prey.
2
But I, dishonoured, stung by grief,
Woe, woe, my torture to allay,
On all the ground, will cast around
Venom, whose baleful drops shall cause
Where it doth light a sterile blight,
Fatal alike to germ, to leaf.
The pest, O Justice, scouring o'er the plain,
Shall fling abroad its man-destroying stain.
3
I groan anew; what dare? what do?
760
My pangs the citizens shall rue;
Alas, most wretched are thy daughters, Night!
Enduring this dishonourable slight.
ATHENA
Be moved by me to stay these heavy groans;
Not vanquished are ye, nor to your disgrace
Fell justice, equal-voted, from the urn.
Besides from Zeus clear oracles were sent,
And he who uttered them himself avouched,
Orestes for this deed should know no scath.
770
Hurl not your heavy wrath upon this land;
Your rage abate, cause not sterility,
Nor rain your poison-drops, like venomed darts,
Ruthless devourers of each tender germ.
For I most righteously do promise you
Both sanctuaries and shrines in this just land;
Seated at hearths with unctuous off'rings fed,
And held in honour by my lieges here
Chorus
1
Ye upstart gods, time-honoured laws
Down-riding, ye have seized my prey.
780
2
But I, dishonoured, stung by grief,
Woe, woe, my torture to allay,
On all the ground, will cast around
Venom, whose baleful drops shall cause
Where it doth light a sterile blight,
Fatal alike to germ, to leaf.
The pest, O Justice, scouring o'er the plain,
Shall fling abroad its man-destroying stain.
3
I groan anew; what dare? what do?
My pangs the citizens shall rue;
790
Alas, most wretched are thy daughters, Night!
Enduring this dishonourable slight.
ATHENA
Not slighted are ye, powers august! through rage
Curse not with hopeless blight the abode of man.
I too on Zeus rely; why speak of that?
And sole among the gods I know the key
That opes the halls where sealed thunder sleeps.
But such we need not. Be appeased by me,
Nor scatter o'er the land, from froward tongue,
The harmful seed that turneth all to bane.
800
Of bitter rage lull ye the murky wave;
Be venerated here and dwell with me.
Sharing the first fruits of this ample realm,
For children offered, and for nuptial rite,
This word of mine thou wilt for ever praise.
Chorus
1
What! I endure all this; alas!
2
I, hoary goddess, dwell forsooth on earth,
Debasement horrible!
3
Revenge I breathe, unmitigated wrath!
4
Woe, woe! O earth, alas!
5
What agony of pain creeps o'er my heart!
6
Hear, Mother Night, my passion.
7
Mark for scorn,
By crafty gods deluded, held for nought,
Of ancient honour I am basely shorn.
ATHENA
I'll bear thine anger, for mine elder thou,
810
And art moreover far more sage than I.
Yet me, with wisdom, Zeus not meanly dowers.
But ye, departing to a foreign land,
Will of the land ye leave enamoured be;
Of this I warn you; for, Time's onward flow
Shall these my lieges lift to loftier fame.
But thou a seat shall have, Erechtheus near,
Honoured by men and stolèd matrons, such
As ye from other mortals ne'er might win.
But cast ye not abroad on these my realms,
820
To waste their budding strength, whetstones of blood,
Evoking frantic rage not born of wine;
Nor pluck ye out the heart of fighting-cocks,
To plant among my townsmen civil strife,
Reckless of kindred blood; let foreign war
Rage without stint, affording ample scope
For him who burns with glory's mighty rage.
No war of home-bred cocks, I ween, is that!
Such terms I proffer, thine it is to choose;
830
Blessing and blest, with blessèd rites revered,
To share this country dear unto the gods.
Chorus
1
What! I endure all this; alas!
2
I, hoary goddess, dwell forsooth on earth,
Debasement horrible!
3
Revenge I breathe, unmitigated wrath!
4
Woe, woe! O earth, alas!
5
What agony of pain creeps o'er my heart!
6
Hear, Mother Night, my passion.
7
Mark for scorn,
840
By crafty gods deluded, held for nought,
Of ancient honour I am basely shorn.
ATHENA
I will not weary to entreat thee fair;
For ne'er with justice shalt thou urge the plaint,
That thou, the elder deity, by me
The younger, and these city-guarding men,
Wast, like an outcast, banished from this land.
Now if Persuasion, dropping from my tongue
Gentle and sweet, seem to thee pure and dread,
Tarry thou must; but if thou wilt not tarry,
850
Not justly wouldst thou on this city hurl
Revenge, or wrath, or do my people wrong;
For thine it is to share with me this land,
In aye-enduring honour justly held.
Chorus
Athena, queen, what seat dost offer me?
ATHENA
One where no sorrow scathes. Receive it thou!
Chorus
If I consent, what honour waiteth me?
ATHENA
No house unblest by thee shall henceforth thrive.
Chorus
This wilt thou do? endow me with such might?
ATHENA
Ay, and will prosper him who worships thee.
Chorus
Wilt thou sure warrant give me for all time?
ATHENA
I may not pledge what I will not perform.
Chorus
Thine utterance soothes me;-I relax my wrath.
860
ATHENA
Established here thou wilt be rich in friends.
Chorus
What blessings shall we hymn for this thy land?
ATHENA
Such as, with gracious influence, from earth,
From dew of ocean, and from heaven, attend
On conquest not ignoble. That soft airs,
With sunshine blowing, wander o'er the land;
That earth's fair fruit, rich increase of the flocks,
Fail not my citizens for evermore,
With safety of the precious human seed ;-
870
But, for the impious,-weed them promptly out.
For I, like one who tendeth plants, do love
This race of righteous men, by grief unscathed :-
Such be thy charge. Be mine not to endure
That, among mortals, in war's splendid toils,
Athena's city be not conquest-crowned.
Chorus
STROPHE I.
Pallas, thy chosen seat henceforth be mine!
No more the city I despise
Which Zeus omnipotent and Ares prize,
Stronghold of gods, altar-protecting shrine
880
Of Grecian deities,
For which, with friendly augury I pray;
Springing to light from earth's dark womb,
May life's fair germs prolific bloom,
Lured by the solar ray.
ATHENA
I for my citizens with gracious mind
These blessings mediate; these deities
Installing here, mighty and hard to please.
For unto them hath Fate assigned
890
The destinies to fix of human kind.
But whoso findeth them severe
Knows not whence come life's strokes; for crime,
Dread heritage from bygone time,
Doth lead him to these powers august.
Him noiseless Ruin, midst his proud career,
With hostile anger, levels with the dust.
Chorus
ANTISTROPHE I.
Here may no tree-destroying mildew sweep,-
(So show I forth my grace),
900
May no fierce heat within these bounds alight,
Blasting the tender buds; no sterile blight,
Disastrous, onward creep.
But in due season here may flocks of worth
Twin yeanlings bear; and may this race,
Enriched with treasures of the earth,
Honour the Heaven-sent grace!
ATHENA
Ye city-guardians do ye hear aright
What thus she promises. For great the might
910
Erinys wields-dread brood of night-
Alike with Hades and the Olympian Powers;
O'er men confessed and absolute her reign,
To some she giveth song, and some she dowers
With life, tear-blinded, marred by pain.
Chorus
STROPHE II.
Here may there fall no man-destroying blight!
And ye, great Powers, o'er marriage who preside,
In wedlock bands each lovely maid unite;-
Ye too, dread sisters, to ourselves allied,
920
Awful dispensers of the Right,
In every human home confessed,
In every age made manifest,
By righteous visitations ;-aye revered,
And, everywhere, of deities most feared.
ATHENA
While thus ye ratify with friendly zeal
These blessings to my country, I rejoice,
And love Persuasion's eye, who moved my voice
To soothe these stern refusers, passion-stung.
930
But Zeus hath conquered, swayer of the tongue,
God of the Forum. Triumphs now for aye
In noble benefits our rivalry.
Chorus
ANTISTROPHE II.
Within this city ne'er may civil strife,
Insatiate of ill, tumultuous roar;
Nor thirsty dust quaff deep the purple gore
Of citizens; nor rage, with murder rife,
Snatch greedily the vengeful knife!
But studious of the common weal
940
May each to each in turn be kind,
Hate may they ever with one common mind,
This among mortals many a woe can heal.
ATHENA
Now growing wise, the pathway do they find
Of tongue propitious. From these shapes of fear,
I to my lieges see rich gain. For here,
If ye these gracious ones with gracious mind
Adore and magnify,-your state and town
Ye shall for evermore with justice crown.
Chorus
STROPHE III.
Farewell, farewell, enriched with wealth's fair prize,
950
Ye citizens, who dwell Zeus' altar near,
Friends to the friendly Virgin,-timely wise;
'Neath Pallas' wings who rest, her father doth revere.
ATHENA
Ye too farewell! Mine is it first to show
Your destined seats and thitherward to lead.
Escorted by the torchlight's sacred glow,
The while in sacrifice the victims bleed
960
The downward slope descend.
Whate'er is baneful to the land restrain,
And conquest's gracious ministry upsend
To this my city. Tutelary train,
Children of Cranaos, it belongs to you,
These alien settlers to their homes to guide;
And with my lieges may there aye abide,
Discernment rightful of the Right and True.
Chorus
ANTISTROPHE III.
Farewell once more, my farewell I repeat,
970
To all in Pallas' city who reside,
Or gods or mortals. Hold in awe my seat,
The fortunes of your life ye never then shall chide.
ATHENA
The utt'rance of your pious vows I praise ;—
And will escort you with the flashing light
Of torches, to your cavernous abodes
'Neath earth, with sacred ministers, who guard
Mine image justly; for, of Theseus' land,
Now let the eye come forth,-illustrious train
980
Of youths, of women, young or hoar with eld,
In festive garb apparelled, vermeil-hued,-
Proceed and let the torch-flame lead the way,
That evermore this gracious sisterhood
May, with events auspicious, bless this land.
Chorus of the Escort
STROPHE I.
Night's hoary children, venerable train,
With friendly escort leave the hallowed fane.
All
Rustics, glad shouts of triumph raise.
Chorus
ANTISTROPHE I.
In ancient crypts remote from light,
Victims await you and the hallowed rite.
990
All
People, ring out your notes of praise.
Chorus
STROPHE II.
With promise to this land of blessings rare,
Down the steep path ye awful beings wend,
Rejoicing in the torchlight's dazzling glare.
All
Your cries of jubilee ring out amain.
Chorus
ANTISTROPHE II.
Let torchlights and libations close the rear.
Thus Zeus, all-seeing, and the Fates descend,
To bless these citizens to Pallas dear.
All
1040 1044
Your cry of jubilee ring out amain.
English (E. D. A. Morshead, 1889, second edition) (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylus, The Furies — Morshead translation. Wikisource transcription; speech corresp and card milestones aligned to Smyth perseus-grc2.) — 34 focus
Things fell to speak of, fell for eyes to see,
Have sped me forth again from Loxias' shrine,
45
With strength unstrung, moving erect no more,
But aiding with my hands my failing feet,
Unnerved by fear. A beldame's force is naught—
Is as a child's, when age and fear combine.
For as I pace towards the inmost fane
50
Bay-filleted by many a suppliant's hand,
Lo, at the central altar I descry
One crouching as for refuge—yea, a man
Abhorred of heaven; and from his hands, wherein
A sword new-drawn he holds, blood reeked and fell:
55
A wand he bears, the olive's topmost bough,
Twined as of purpose with a deep close tuft
Of whitest wool. This, that I plainly saw,
Plainly I tell. But lo, in front of him,
Crouched on the altar-steps, a grisly band
60
Of women slumbers—not like women they,
But Gorgons rather; nay, that word is weak,
Nor may I match the Gorgons' shape with theirs!
Such have I seen in painted semblance erst—
Winged Harpies, snatching food from Phineus' board,—
65
But these are wingless, black, and all their shape
The eye's abomination to behold.
Fell is the breath—let none draw nigh to it—
Wherewith they snort in slumber; from their eyes
Exude the damned drops of poisonous ire:
70
And such their garb as none should dare to bring
To statues of the gods or homes of men.
I wot not of the tribe wherefrom can come
So fell a legion, nor in what land Earth
Could rear, unharmed, such creatures, nor avow
75
That she had travailed and had brought forth death.
But, for the rest, be all these things a care
Unto the mighty Loxias, the lord
Of this our shrine: healer and prophet he,
Discerner he of portents, and the cleanser
80
Of other homes—behold, his own to cleanse!
[ The scene opens, disclosing the interior of the temple: Orestes clings to the central altar; the Furies lie slumbering at a little distance; Apollo and Hermes appear from the innermost shrine.
Lo, I desert thee never: to the end,
Hard at thy side as now, or sundered far,
I am thy guard, and to thine enemies
Implacably oppose me: look on them,
85
These greedy fiends, beneath my craft subdued!
See, they are fallen on sleep, these beldames old,
Unto whose grim and wizened maidenhood
Nor god nor man nor beast can e'er draw near.
Yea, evil were they born, for evil's doom,
90
Evil the dark abyss of Tartarus
Wherein they dwell, and they themselves the hate
Of men on earth, and of Olympian gods.
But thou, flee far and with unfaltering speed;
For they shall hunt thee through the mainland wide
95
Where'er throughout the tract of travelled earth
Thy foot may roam, and o'er and o'er the seas
And island homes of men. Faint not nor fail,
Too soon and timidly within thy breast
Shepherding thoughts forlorn of this thy toil;
100
But unto Pallas' city go, and there
Crouch at her shrine, and in thine arms enfold
Her ancient image: there we well shall find
Meet judges for this cause and suasive pleas,
Skilled to contrive for thee deliverance
105
From all this woe. Be such my pledge to thee,
For by my hest thou didst thy mother slay.
Sleep on! awake! what skills your sleep to me—
Me, among all the dead by you dishonoured—
Me from whom never, in the world of death,
120
Dieth this curse, 'Tis she who smote and slew,
And shamed and scorned I roam? Awake, and hear
My plaint of dead men's hate intolerable.
Me, sternly slain by them that should have loved,
Me doth no god arouse him to avenge,
125
Hewn down in blood by matricidal hands.
Mark ye these wounds from which the heart's blood ran,
And by whose hand, bethink ye! for the sense
When shut in sleep hath then the spirit-sight,
But in the day the inward eye is blind.
130
List, ye who drank so oft with lapping tongue
The wineless draught by me outpoured to soothe
Your vengeful ire! how oft on kindled shrine
I laid the feast of darkness, at the hour
Abhorred of every god but you alone!
135
Lo, all my service trampled down and scorned!
And he hath baulked your chase, as stag the hounds;
Yea, lightly bounding from the circling toils,
Hath wried his face in scorn, and flieth far.
Awake and hear—for mine own soul I cry—
140
Awake, ye powers of hell! the wandering ghost
That once was Clytemnestra calls—Arise.
[ The Furies mutter grimly, as in a dream.
Mutter and murmur! He hath flown afar—
My kin have gods to guard them, I have none!
[ The Furies mutter as before.
O drowsed in sleep too deep to heed my pain!
145
Orestes flies, who me, his mother, slew.
[ The Furies give a confused cry.
Yelping, and drowsed again? Up and be doing
That which alone is yours, the deed of hell!
[ The Furies give another cry.
Lo, sleep and toil, the sworn confederates,
Have quelled your dragon-anger, once so fell!
150
In dreams ye chase a prey, and like some hound,
That even in sleep doth ply his woodland toil,
Ye bell and bay. What do ye, sleeping here?
Be not o'ercome with toil, nor, sleep-subdued,
155
Be heedless of my wrong. Up! thrill your heart
With the just chidings of my tongue,—such words
Are as a spur to purpose firmly held.
Blow forth on him the breath of wrath and blood,
Scorch him with reek of fire that burns in you,
160
Waste him with new pursuit—swift, hound him down.
[ Ghost sinks.
Alack, alack, sisters, we have toiled,
165
O much and vainly have we toiled and borne!
Vainly! and all we wrought the gods have foiled,
And turnèd us to scorn!
He hath slipped from the net, whom we chased: he hath 'scaped us who should be our prey—
O'ermastered by slumber we sank, and our quarry hath stolen away!
170
Thou, child of the high God Zeus, Apollo, hast robbed us and wronged;
Thou, a youth, hast down-trodden the right that to godship more ancient belonged;
Thou hast cherished thy suppliant man; the slayer, the God-forsaken,
The bane of a parent, by craft from out of our grasp thou hast taken;
A god, thou hast stolen from us the avengers a matricide son—
175
And who shall consider thy deed and say It is rightfully done?
The sound of chiding scorn
Came from the land of dream;
Deep to mine inmost heart I felt it thrill and burn,
Thrust as a strong-grasped goad, to urge
180
Onward the chariot's team.
Thrilled, chilled with bitter inward pain
I stand as one beneath the doomsman's scourge.
Shame on the younger gods who tread down right,
Sitting on thrones of might!
185
Woe on the altar of earth's central fane!
Clotted on step and shrine,
Behold, the guilt of blood, the ghastly stain!
Woe upon thee, Apollo! uncontrolled,
Unbidden, hast thou, prophet-god, imbrued
190
The pure prophetic shrine with wrongful blood!
For thou too heinous a respect didst hold
Of man, too little heed of powers divine!
And us the Fates, the ancients of the earth,
Didst deem as nothing worth.
195
Scornful to me thou art, yet shalt not fend
My wrath from him; though unto hell he flee,
There too are we!
And he the blood-defiled, should feel and rue,
Though I were not, fiend-wrath that shall not end,
200
Descending on his head who foully slew.
[ Re-enter Apollo from the inner shrine.
Out! I command you. Out from this my home—
Haste, tarry not! Out from the mystic shrine,
Lest thy lot be to take into thy breast 1
The winged bright dart that from my golden string
205
Speeds hissing as a snake,—lest, pierced and thrilled
With agony, thou shouldst spew forth again
Black frothy heart's-blood, drawn from mortal men,
Belching the gory clots sucked forth from wounds.
These be no halls where such as you can prowl—
210
Go where men lay on men the doom of blood,
Heads lopped from necks, eyes from their spheres plucked out,
Hacked flesh, the flower of youthful seed crushed out,
Feet hewn away, and hands, and death beneath
The smiting stone, low moans and piteous
215
Of men impaled—Hark, hear ye for what feast
Ye hanker ever, and the loathing gods
Do spit upon your craving? Lo, your shape
Is all too fitted to your greed; the cave
Where lurks some lion, lapping gore, were home
220
More meet for you. Avaunt from sacred shrines,
Nor bring pollution by your touch on all
That nears you. Hence! and roam unshepherded—
No god there is to tend such herd as you.
How darkly ye dishonour and annul
240
The troth to which the high accomplishers,
Hera and Zeus, do honour. Yea, and thus
Is Aphrodite to dishonour cast,
The queen of rapture unto mortal men.
Know, that above the marriage-bed ordained
245
For man and woman standeth Right as guard,
Enhancing sanctity of troth-plight sworn;
Therefore, if thou art placable to those
Who have their consort slain, nor will'st to turn
On them the eye of wrath, unjust art thou
250
In hounding to his doom the man who slew
His mother. Lo, I know thee full of wrath
Against one deed, but all too placable
Unto the other, minishing the crime.
But in this cause shall Pallas guard the right.
255
Follow, seek him—round and round
Scent and snuff and scan the ground,
290
Lest unharmed he slip away,
He who did his mother slay!
Hist—he is there! See him his arms entwine
Around the image of the maid divine—
Thus aided, for the deed he wrought
295
Unto the judgment wills he to be brought.
It may not be! a mother's blood poured forth
Upon the stainèd earth
None gathers up: it lies—bear witness, Hell!—
For aye indelible!
300
And thou who sheddest it shalt give thine own
That shedding to atone!
Yea, from thy living limbs I suck it out,
Red, clotted, gout by gout,—
A draught abhorred of men and gods; but I
305
Will drain it, suck thee dry;
Yea, I will waste thee living, nerve and vein;
Yea, for thy mother slain,
Will drag thee downward, there where thou shalt dree
The weird of agony!
310
And thou and whosoe'er of men hath sinned—
Hath wronged or God, or friend,
Or parent,—learn ye how to all and each
The arm of doom can reach!
Sternly requiteth, in the world beneath,
315
The judgment-seat of Death;
Yea, Death, beholding every man's endeavour,
Recordeth it for ever.
I, schooled in many miseries, have learnt
How many refuges of cleansing shrines
320
There be; I know when law alloweth speech
And when imposeth silence. Lo, I stand
Fixed now to speak, for he whose word is wise
Commands the same. Look, how the stain of blood
Is dull upon mine hand and wastes away,
325
And laved and lost therewith is the deep curse
Of matricide; for while the guilt was new,
'Twas banished from me at Apollo's hearth,
Atoned and purified by death of swine.
Long were my word if I should sum the tale,
330
How oft since then among my fellow-men
I stood and brought no curse. Time cleanses all—
Time, the coeval of all things that are.
Now from pure lips, in words of omen fair,
I call Athena, lady of this land,
335
To come, my champion: so, in aftertime,
She shall not fail of love and service leal,
Not won by war, from me and from my land
And all the folk of Argos, vowed to her.
Now, be she far away in Libyan land
340
Where flows from Triton's lake her natal wave,—
Stand she with planted feet, 2 or in some hour
Of rest conceal them, champion of her friends
Where'er she be,—or whether o'er the plain
Phlegræan she look forth, as warrior bold—
345
I cry to her to come, where'er she be,
(And she, as goddess, from afar can hear,)
And aid and free me, set among my foes.
Thee not Apollo nor Athena's strength
Can save from perishing, a castaway
350
Amid the Lost, where no delight shall meet
Thy soul—a bloodless prey of nether powers,
A shadow among shadows. Answerest thou
Nothing? dost cast away my words with scorn,
Thou, prey prepared and dedicate to me?
355
Not as a victim slain upon the shrine,
But living shalt thou see thy flesh my food.
Hear now the binding chant that makes thee mine.
Weave the weird dance,—behold the hour
To utter forth the chant of hell,
360
Our sway among mankind to tell,
The guidance of our power.
Of Justice are we ministers,
And whosoe'er of men may stand
Lifting a pure unsullied hand,
365
That man no doom of ours incurs,
And walks thro' all his mortal path
Untouched by woe, unharmed by wrath.
But if, as yonder man, he hath
Blood-dropping hands he strives to hide,
370
We stand avengers at his side,
Decreeing, Thou hast wronged the dead:
We are doom's witnesses to thee.
The price of blood, his hands have shed,
We wring from him; in life, in death,
375
Hard at his side are we!
Night, Mother Night, who brought me forth, a torment
To living men and dead,
Hear me, O hear! by Leto's stripling son
I am dishonourèd:
380
He hath ta'en from me him who cowers in refuge,
To me made consecrate,—
A rightful victim, him who slew his mother,
Given o'er to me and fate.
Hear the hymn of hell,
385
O'er the victim sounding,—
Chant of frenzy, chant of ill,
Sense and will confounding!
Round the soul entwining
Without lute or lyre—
390
Soul in madness pining,
Wasting as with fire!
Fate, all-pervading Fate, this service spun, commanding
That I should bide therein:
Whosoe'er of mortals, made perverse and lawless,
395
Is stained with blood of kin,
By his side are we, and hunt him ever onward,
Till to the Silent Land,
The realm of death, he cometh; neither yonder
In freedom shall he stand.
400
Hear the hymn of hell,
O'er the victim sounding,—
Chant of frenzy, chant of ill,
Sense and will confounding!
Round the soul entwining
405
Without lute or lyre—
Soul in madness pining,
Wasting as with fire!
When from womb of Night we sprang, on us this labour
Was laid and shall abide.
410
Gods immortal are ye, yet beware ye touch not
That which is our pride!
None may come beside us gathered round the blood-feast—
For us no garments white
Gleam on a festal day; for us a darker fate is,
415
Another darker rite.
That is mine hour when falls an ancient line—
When in the household's heart
The God of blood doth slay by kindred hands,—
Then do we bear our part:
420
On him who slays we sweep with chasing cry:
Though he be triply strong,
We wear and waste him; blood atones for blood,
New pain for ancient wrong.
I hold this task—'tis mine, and not another's.
425
The very gods on high,
Though they can silence and annul the prayers
Of those who on us cry,
They may not strive with us who stand apart,
A race by Zeus abhorred,
430
Blood-boltered, held unworthy of the council
And converse of Heaven's lord.
3
Therefore the more I leap upon my prey;
Upon their head I bound;
My foot is hard; as one that trips a runner
435
I cast them to the ground;
Yea, to the depth of doom intolerable;
And they who erst were great,
And upon earth held high their pride and glory,
Are brought to low estate.
440
In underworld they waste and are diminished,
The while around them fleet
Dark wavings of my robes, and, subtly woven,
The paces of my feet.
Who falls infatuate, he sees not neither knows he
445
That we are at his side;
So closely round about him, darkly flitting,
The cloud of guilt doth glide.
Heavily 'tis uttered, how around his hearthstone
The mirk of hell doth rise.
450
4
Stern and fixed the law is; we have hands t' achieve it,
Cunning to devise.
Queens are we and mindful of our solemn vengeance;
Not by tear or prayer
Shall a man avert it. In unhonoured darkness,
455
Far from gods, we fare,
Lit unto our task with torch of sunless regions,
And o'er a deadly way—
Deadly to the living as to those who see not
Life and light of day—
460
Hunt we and press onward. Who of mortals hearing
Doth not quake for awe,
Hearing all that Fate thro' hand of God hath given us
For ordinance and law?
Yea, this right to us, in dark abysm and backward
465
Of ages it befel:
None shall wrong mine office, tho' in nether regions
And sunless dark I dwell.
[ Enter Athena from above.
Far off I heard the clamour of your cry,
As by Scamander's side I set my foot
470
Asserting right upon the land given o'er
To me by those who o'er Achaia's host
Held sway and leadership: no scanty part
Of all they won by spear and sword, to me
They gave it, land and all that grew thereon,
475
As chosen heirloom for my Theseus' clan.
Thence summoned, sped I with a tireless foot,—
Hummed on the wind, instead of wings, the fold
Of this mine ægis, by my feet propelled,
As, linked to mettled horses, speeds a car.
480
And now, beholding here earth's nether brood,
I fear it nought, yet are mine eyes amazed
With wonder. Who are ye? of all I ask,
And of this stranger to my statue clinging.
But ye—your shape is like no human form,
485
Like to no goddess whom the gods behold,
Like to no shape which mortal women wear.
Yet to stand by and chide a monstrous form
Is all unjust—from such words Right revolts.
O man unknown, make thou thy plea in turn;
Speak forth thy land, thy lineage, and thy woes;
Then, if thou canst, avert this bitter blame—
If, as I deem, in confidence of right
Thou sittest hard beside my holy place,
515
Clasping this statue, as Ixion sat,
A sacred suppliant for Zeus to cleanse,—
To all this answer me in words made plain.
Too mighty is this matter, whosoe'er
Of mortals claims to judge hereof aright.
550
Yea, me, even me, eternal Right forbids
To judge the issues of blood-guilt, and wrath
That follows swift behind. This too gives pause,
That thou as one with all due rites performed
Dost come, unsinning, pure, unto my shrine.
555
Whate'er thou art, in this my city's name,
As uncondemned, I take thee to my side.—
Yet have these foes of thine such dues by fate,
I may not banish them: and if they fail,
O'erthrown in judgment of the cause, forthwith
560
Their anger's poison shall infect the land—
A dropping plague-spot of eternal ill.
Thus stand we with a woe on either hand—
Stay they, or go at my commandment forth,
Perplexity or pain must needs befal.
565
Yet, as on me Fate hath imposed the cause,
I choose unto me judges that shall be
An ordinance for ever, set to rule
The dues of blood-guilt, upon oath declared.
But ye, call forth your witness and your proof,
570
Words strong for justice, fortified by oath;
And I, whoe'er are truest in my town,
Them will I choose and bring, and straitly charge,
Look on this cause, discriminating well,
And pledge your oath to utter nought of wrong.
575
[ Exit Athena.
Now are they all undone, the ancient laws,
If here the slayer's cause
Prevail; new wrong for ancient right shall be,
If matricide go free.
Henceforth a deed like his by all shall stand,
580
Too ready to the hand:
Too oft shall parents in the aftertime
Rue and lament this crime,—
Taught, not in false imagining, to feel
Their children's thrusting steel:
585
No more the wrath, that erst on murder fell
From us, the Queens of Hell,
Shall fall, no more our watching gaze impend—
Death shall smite unrestrained.
Henceforth shall one unto another cry
590
Lo, they are stricken, lo, they fall and die
Around me! and that other answers him,
O thou that lookest that thy woes should cease,
Behold, with dark increase
They throng and press upon thee; yea, and dim
595
Is all the cure, and every comfort vain!
Let none henceforth cry out, when falls the blow
Of sudden-smiting woe,
Cry out in sad reiterated strain
O Justice, aid! aid, O ye thrones of Hell!
600
So though a father or a mother wail
New-smitten by a son, it shall no more avail,
Since, overthrown by wrong, the fane of Justice fell!
Know, that a throne there is that may not pass away,
And one that sitteth on it—even Fear,
605
Searching with steadfast eyes man's inner soul:
Wisdom is child of pain, and born with many a tear;
But who henceforth,
What man of mortal men, what nation upon earth,
That holdeth nought in awe nor in the light
610
Of inner reverence, shall worship Right
As in the older day?
Praise not, O man, the life beyond control,
Nor that which bows unto a tyrant's sway.
Know that the middle way
615
Is dearest unto God, and they, thereon who wend,
They shall achieve the end;
But they who wander or to left or right
Are sinners in his sight.
Take to thy heart this one, this soothfast word—
620
Of wantonness impiety is sire;
Only from calm control and sanity unstirred
Cometh true weal, the goal of every man's desire.
Yea, whatsoe'er befal, hold thou this word of mine:
Bow down at Justice' shrine,
625
Turn thou thine eyes away from earthly lure,
Nor with a godless foot that altar spurn.
For as thou dost shall Fate do in return,
And the great doom is sure.
Therefore let each adore a parent's trust,
630
And each with loyalty revere the guest
That in his halls doth rest.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1854; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (Aeschylos. Deutsch in den Versmaßen der Urschrift. Stuttgart: Hoffmann, 1854. Native Donner line citations, Smyth card correspondence, selected textual readings and metrical facsimiles. Remaining OCR differences and unattributed reading notes are documented in the linked review inventory.) — 34 focus
Ha, Gräuel auszusprechen, Gräuel anzuschau'n!
Es treibt mich wieder aus Apollons Haus zurück,
35
Daß mir die Glieder brechen, daß mein Schritt erstarrt;
Die Hände, nicht die schnellen Füße, tragen mich.
Schreck macht die Greisin nichtig, ja dem Kinde gleich.
Ich schleiche hin zum vielbekränzten Heiligthum;
Und sizen seh' ich einen fluchbeladnen Mann
40
Am Nabelsteine, der um Sühne fleht, von Blut
Die Hände triefend, und ein frischgezücktes Schwert,
Auch eines Delbaums hochgewachsnen Zweig zur Hand,
Den sorgsam rings die reichgewundne Flocke kränzt,
Das weiße Wollband; also leg' ich's deutlich dar.
45
Und vor dem Mann liegt eine wunderſame Schaar
Von Frauen schlummernd auf die Sessel hingestreckt.
Nicht Frauen wahrlich, nein, Gorgonen nenn' ich sie;
Doch auch Gorgonenbildern gleicht ihr Aeußres nicht.
Wohl auf Gemälden sah ich einst, die raschbeschwingt
50
Das Mahl des Phineus raubten; aber flügellos
Sind diese, schwarz, entseylich, daß mir's Grauen wedt.
Tiefschnarchend haucht ihr Odem unnahbaren Hauch,
Und aus den Augen träufeln sie graunvolles Gift.
Gewand umhüllt die Glieder, wie sich nicht geziemt
55
Vor Götterbildern oder in der Menschen Haus.
Genossen dieses Stammes sah mein Auge nie,
Noch mag ein Land sich rühmen, solch unholde Brut
Straflos zu nähren, ohne Nachgefühl des Weh's.
Das Weit're sei dem Fürsten dieses Heiligthums
60
Selbst heimgestellt, dem hochgewalt'gen Loxias!
Wahrsagerarzt und Zeichendeuter ist er ja,
Und kann die Häuser Andrer auch entsündigen.
(Die Seherin geht ab. Man erblickt das Innere des delphischen Heilig. thums, in demselben auf Sesseln umher den Chor der Erinnyen. Apollon tritt mit Orestes aus dem Hintergrunde des Tempels.)
Nie werd' ich dich verlassen; nein, ich stehe stets
Zur Seite dir als Hüter, auch entfernt von dir, 1
65
Und werde deinen Feinden nie befreundet sein.
So siehst du jetzt gefangen dort die Nasenden;
Vom Schlaf gebunden ruhen sie, die scheußlichen
Jungfraun, die greisen Mädchen, die kein Gott umarmt,
Und denen liebend weder Mensch noch Thier sich naht.
70
Zu finstern Thaten wurden sie; denn finstre Nacht,
Der Tartaros tief unten, ist ihr Aufenthalt;
Sie sind ein Gräul den Menschen, wie den Himmlischen.
Doch fliehe nur vor ihnen, darfst nicht lässig sein.
Denn über Festlands Weiten treibt dich diese Schaar
75
In ruheloser Irre durch die Erde hin,
Und über Meer und meerumrauschtes Inselland.
Auf dieser Mühen banger Fahrt ermatte nicht
Zu frühe! Wenn du hingelangst in Pallas' Burg,
So size nieder und umschling' ihr altes Bild.
80
Dort werden wir die Richter über solche Schuld,
Das Wort der Sühne finden und erspäh'n die Bahn,
Die deiner Mühen aller dich erledige.
Denn auch zum Muttermorde trieb ich selbst dich an.
Ihr schlummert? He doch! Was bedarf's der Schlummernden?
Mich, die vor andern Todten so durch eure Schuld
95
Ein Spott geworden, mich verfolgt im Schattenland 2
Nastlos der Hohn der Todten, die ich mordete.
Schmachvoll umher dort irr' ich und verkünd' es euch,
Daß schwerer Vorwurf mich darob von jenen trifft.
Und thaten meine Liebsten auch so Grauses mir,
100
Zürnt doch um meinetwillen kein Unsterblicher,
Die durch des Muttermordes Hand geopfert ward.
Sieh diese Wunden mit des Herzens Blick dir an; 3
Denn schlafend späht des Geistes Auge klar umher,
Der Tag vergönnt ihm keinen Blick in Menschenloos.
105
Von meiner Habe schlürftet ihr vielfältig einst
Weinlose Spenden, unberauschenden Sühnetrank;
Manch heilig Nachtmahl brachten wir am Feuerherd
Euch dar in Stunden, die mit euch kein Gott getheilt.
Und alles dies in Staub getreten seh' ich's nun!
110
Doch er entrinnt euch, flieht davon, dem Rehe gleich;
Ja, mitten aus den Garnen ist er leichten Sprungs
Entschlüpft, und blickt hohnlachend nun nach euch zurück.
Vernehmt mich; denn um meine Seele sprach ich jetzt;
Merkt auf, besinnt euch, unterird'sche Göttinnen!
115
Ein Schatte, Klytämnestra, ruft euch dieses zu.
(Der Chor stöhnt.)
Im Traume jagst du deinem Wilde nach und bellst,
Dem Hunde gleich, der seines Dienstes nie vergift.
Auf! Nicht gezaudert! Keine Müh' ermatte dich!
Verkenne nicht den Schaden, wenn dich Schlaf besiegt!
Gerechter Vorwurf schneide tief in's Herz dir ein;
130
Denn scharf wie Stacheln fühlen ihn Vernünftige.
Auf, sende denn blutvollen Odems Hauch ihm nach,
Durch Qualm verzehr' ihn aus der Eingeweide Brand,
Verfolg' ihn, brich im zweiten Jagen seine Kraft!
(Verschwindet.)
Erwecke,
Graun, Graun, o Schmach! Ein Leid, Schwestern, traf- 5
Ja, viel des Leides und umsonst erduldet' ich!
Uns traf, Götter, ach! ein graunvolles Leid,
140
Ein unnennbar Weh!
Aus unserm Neze schlich sich, uns entrann das Wild.
Vom Schlaf besiegt, gab ich hin solchen Fang!
Erste Gegenstrophe.
O Graun! Sohn des Zeus, du spinnst arge List.
Ein Jüngling, tratst du greise Götterfrau'n in Staub,
145
Da du den Flüchtling hegst, den schuldvollen Mann,
Den herzlosen Sohn.
Du stahlst den Muttermörder uns und bist ein Gott!
Wer priese je solches Thun als gerecht?
Zweite Strophe.
Mir schlug ein vorwurfschweres Wort im Traum an's Ohr,
150
Und traf gleich dem Rosselenker mich
Mit machtvollem Stoß
Tief in die Brust, in's Mark.
Ich fühle, schwer faßt mich's an, eisigkalt schaudert mich's
Vom zornig grausen Geißelschlag.
155
Zweite Gegenstrophe.
Das ist der jüngern Götter Art, so schalten sie,
Gewalt übend allem Recht zum Hohn.
Ein bluttriefend Mal,
Blutig um Fuß und Haupt,
Ich seh' es, steht dort der Erdnabel; denn blut'ge Schuld,
160
Ruchlose, nahm er schüßend auf. 6
Dritte Strophe.
Du hast, ein Seher, deines Herdes Heiligthum
Mit Blutgräul entweiht, eigenem Trieb gehorchend;
Denn trok Götterrecht schirmst du der Menschen Schuld,
Und brichst der Mören uralte Macht.
165
Dritte Gegenstrophe.
Mir schafft er Kränkung und erlöst doch jenen nie;
Flöh' er zum Abgrund auch, dennoch entrinnt er uns nicht.
Auf ihm ruht ein Fluch; so trifft wohl dereinst 7
Ein andrer Rächer sein frevles Haupt! 8
(Apollon tritt aus dem Hintergrunde des Tempels hervor.)
Hinaus, gebiet' ich, ungesäumt verlaßt das Haus,
170
Hinweg, entfernt euch aus dem Seherheiligthum,
Daß nicht beschwingt die Silberschlange dich ereilt,
Von goldgewirkter Bogenschnur hinausgesandt,
Und du vor Schmerz des Menschenblutes dunklen Schaum
Ausspeist in Klumpen, die du Leichen ausgeschlürft!
175
Zu diesem Heiligthume dürft ihr nicht heran.
Hin, wo man köpft und blendet, geht zum Hochgericht,
Hin, wo man Menschen schlachtet, wo man Kindermord
Verübt, Entmannung, Steinigung, Verstümmelung,
Wo laut zum Himmel grauenvolles Wehgeheul
180
Der Aufgespießten jammert! Ha, vernahmet ihr,
An welchen Festesfreuden ihr Scheuseligen
Das Herz erlabet? So verkündet's schon an euch
Die ganze Bildung. Euch geziemt, im Felsenhaus
Blutdürst'ger Leu'n zu wohnen; nicht dem Sehersiz
185
In diesen Räumen nahe sich ein solcher Gräul!
So zieht von hinnen, ohne Hirten schwärmt hinaus!
Denn solcher Heerde freut sich kein Unsterblicher.
Ha, ganz verachtet wäre dann, nichts gälte mehr 9
Der Chegöttin Hera wie Zeus' heilig Band!
205
Verachtet stürzte Kypris dann von ihrem Thron,
Woher doch alles Süße kommt den Sterblichen.
Der Bund, in dem das Schicksal Weib und Mann vereint,
Ist heilig mehr als Eide, wenn das Recht ihn schirmt.
Wenn diese nun sich morden und du lässig bist,
210
Nicht Nache nimmst am Mörder, nicht ihn strafst im Zorn, 10
Wird auch Orestes ohne Recht von dir verfolgt.
Das Eine, weiß ich, hasset ihr als schwere That,
Das Andre seht ihr offenbar gelinder an:
Die hohe Pallas prüfe, was hier Rechtens ist!
215
Ha, sieh wieder, sieh! Späht umher überall :
245
Darf doch der Mörder nicht heimlich der Straf' entgeh'n!
In langer Leidensschule ward ich wohlvertraut
265
Mit vielen Sühngebräuchen, weiß, wo Reden ziemt,
Wo Schweigen recht ist. Aber hier an diesem Ort
Gebot ein weiser Meister laut zu reden mir.
Schläft doch das Blutmal und verbleicht an meiner Hand;
Des Muttermordes Gräuel ist hinweggespült.
270
Frisch waren seine Flecken noch, am Seherherd
Vertilgt' ihn Phöbos durch der Opferferken Blut.
Viel Worte braucht' ich, zählt' ich auf, wie Viele schon
Mit mir verkehrten, ohne daß sie Schaden traf.
Die Zeit entsündigt Alles und sie selbst ergraut.
275
So fleh' ich reinen Mundes nun mit frommem Wort
Zu dieses Landes Herrscherin Athene, mir
Hülfreich zu nahen. Dann gewinnt sie sonder Kampf
Mich selbst, der Argossöhne Land und Volk zugleich,
Wahrhaft zu treuer, steter Wehrgenossenschaft.
280
Drum, ob sie jetzt in fernen Fluren Libya's,
Am Wasser Tritons, ihrer heimatlichen Flut,
Den Fuß gesenkt hat oder hochhinschreitend eilt 16
Zum Schuß der Ihren, oder ob sie Phlegra's Feld
Heerschaaren ordnend überschaut, ein kühner Held:
285
Sie komme, (denn auch ferne ja vernimmt ein Gott,)
Auf daß sie dieser Leiden mich erledige!
Nicht soll Apollon, nicht Athene's hohe Macht
Dir Schuß gewähren, daß du nicht verlassen einst
Hinfährst, vergessend, wo im Herzen Freude wohnt,
290
Blutleer, von Göttern aufgezehrt, ein Schattenbild! -
Nichts widersprichst du, dir erstirbt das Wort im Mund,
Du mir genährtes, mir geweihtes Opferthier?
Du labst mich lebend, nicht am Herd geschlachtet erst.
Nun höre meinen Reigen, der dich bannen soll!
295
Wohlauf denn, laßt uns schlingen den Reih'n,
Da den grausen Gesang
Wir laut zu verkünden beschlossen,
Und zu nennen die Loos' in der Menschen Geschlecht,
Wie unsere Schaar sie vertheilte!
300
Wir schüßen das Recht nach stetem Gesey:
Wer lauter die Hand
Mit lauterem Herzen emporhebt,
Nie trifft ihn von uns der vergeltende Zorn;
Harmlos durchwallt er das Leben.
305
Doch wer sich, wie Der, durch Frevel entweiht,
Und die blutigen Hände zurückzieht,
Da treten wir kühn als Zeugen des Rechts
Der Gemordeten auf, und fordern von ihm
Vollständige Sühne der Blutthat.
310
Erste Strophe.
Mutter, die du mich gebarst, Urnacht,
Mich, der verblich'nen wie der lichten Welt Strafgeist,
Höre mich! Leto's Sohn beut mir Hohn, spottet meiner;
Dieses Wild raubt er uns, dessen Blut fließen muß,
Abzubüßen Muttermord.
315
Um das Schlachtopfer schlingt
Euer Lied, Wahnsinnshauch, Wahnsinnslaut der Bethörung,
Schlingt Erinnenfestgesang,
Harfenlos, der Geister Band, der des Hörers Mark verzehrt!
Erste Gegenstrophe.
Denn des Schicksals Allgewalt theilte
320
Unserm Geschlecht für ew'ge Zeiten dies Loos zu :
Wessen Haupt frevelhaft grause Blutschuld sich auflud,
Dessen Spur geh'n wir nach, bis ihn deckt Grabesnacht;
Auch der Tod befreit ihn nicht.
Um das Schlachtopfer schlingt
325
Euer Lied, Wahnsinnshauch, Wahnsinnslaut der Bethörung,
Schlingt Erinnenfestgesang,
Harfenlos, der Geister Band, der des Hörers Mark verzehrt!
Zweite Strophe.
Bei der Geburt ward uns vom Geschicke beschieden,
Ewig zu flieh'n der unsterblichen Götter Gemeinschaft.
330
Ihr Mahl theilen wir niemals;
Auch kein weißes Gewand darf unsere Glieder umhüllen.
Häuser auszutilgen, ward
Meines Amts, wann der Freund
Tückisch im Haus mordet den Freund.
335
Hinter ihm stürz' ich her;
Blüht er auch jugendstark,
Doch ich breche die Kraft ihm!
Zweite Gegenstrophe.
Dieser Beruf ward uns, ihm bleibe man ferne;
Lasse man uns statt anderer Götter gewähren!
340
Mit uns hadere Keiner!
Bannte doch unser Geschlecht, dies blutige, götterverhaßte,
Zeus von seinem Angesicht.
Aus den Höh'n stürm' ich denn
Mächtigen Schwungs, sebe den Fuß
345
Schweren Falls auf den Feind;
Schnellen Laufs, gleitet er,
Stürzt in schweres Verderben.
Dritte Strophe.
Dann sinkt Hoffart, die sich zum Aether emporschwang,
Ruhmlos hinab in die Erd' und verkümmert im Staube,
350
Wenn wir in schwarze Gewande verhüllt und in unheil-
vollen Reigen tanzend nah'n.
Dritte Gegenstrophe.
Stürzend merkt er's nicht in des Wahnes Verblendung;
So mit verdunkelnden Schwingen umflattert die Schuld ihn.
Daß Graun düsterer Nacht um das Haus sich gelagert,
355
Kündet lauten Jammers Ruf.
Vierte Strophe.
So bleibt es steh'n: Mittel stets,
Die Bahn zum Ziel finden wir,
Graunvoll der Schuld Rächer;
Kein Menschenfleh'n besänftigt uns.
360
Ein ungeehrt, verachtet Amt
Verwalten wir, das, Göttern fern, der Sonne Glanz fliehet,
Schwer zu erklimmen den Menschen im Lichte,
Wie dem blinden Volk der Nacht.
Vierte Gegenstrophe.
Wo wär' ein Mensch, welcher nicht
365
In banger Furcht schauerte,
Vernimmt er mein Machtwort,
Das mir der Schicksalsmächte Schluß
Verliehen, Götter mir vertraut?
Mein ward ein altes Ehrenamt, von keiner Schmach weiß ich,
370
Wenn auch unter der Erde mein Haus ist,
Tief in sonnenloser Nacht.
(Athene, mit Schild und Lanze bewaffnet, erscheint in der Luft auf einem mit Rossen bespannten Wagen.)
Fernher am Strom Skamandros hört' ich lauten Ruf,
Als ich von jenem Lande schnell Besiy ergriff,
Das mir Achäa's Fürsten und Gewaltige
375
Als schönes Loos aus ihrer Beute reichem Schay
Auf immerdar mit allen Wurzeln heiligten,
Dem Stamm des Theseus ein erles'nes Eigenthum.
Dort komm' ich her mit unermüdlich schnellem Schritt,
Des Schildes Wölbung schwingend, ohne Fittige,
380
Die starken Rosse vorgeschirrt dem Wagen hier.
Und nun gewahr' ich diese Schaar in meinem Land,
Wohl schreckt mich's nicht, doch Staunen fesselt meinen Blick.
Wer seid ihr? Alle red' ich euch in Einem an,
Ihn, der an meinem Bilde sikt, den Fremdling dort,
385
Und euch, vergleichbar keinem, was geboren ist,
Von Göttern nie gesehen unter Göttinnen,
Noch Erdenkindern an Gestalt und Bildung gleich.
Doch Andre schelten, welche dir kein Leid gethan,
Ist Hohn der Tugend, Themis haft, wer solches thut.
390
Was sagst du, Fremdling, wider dies für deinen Theil?
Erst nenne Heimat und Geschlecht und Lebensloos,
Und diesen Vorwurf wehre dann von deinem Haupt,
Wenn, auf das Recht vertrauend, du zu diesem Bild
415
In meines Herdes Nähe dich geflüchtet hast,
Um Sühne flehend, heilig wie Ixion einst.
Auf alles dies entgegne wohlverständlich mir.
Der Handel ist zu schwierig, wenn ein Sterblicher
Ihn wähnt zu schlichten; aber mir auch ziemt es nicht,
Den Spruch zu fällen über solch ergrimmten Mord,
Zumal du meinem Hause rein und fleckenlos
Nach wohlerfülltem Brauche dich als Schüßling nahst,
450
Und dich Gesühnten meine Stadt aufnimmt mit Fug.
Doch schwer hinwegzuweisen sind die Grausen auch;
Und tragen sie nicht im Gericht den Sieg davon,
Wird einst der giftige Geifer, der aus ihrer Brust
Zur Erde träufelt, ewig grause Pest dem Land.
455
So steht's um uns hier: ob sie bleiben oder geh'n,
Für mich erwächst ein unvermeidlich großes Leid.
Doch weil die Sache hingedieh'n zu solchem Ziel,
Bestell' ich Richter über Mord, geschworene,
Und diese Sakung gelte fort in alle Zeit.
460
Ihr aber rufet Zeugen und Beweise nun
Und Eide, Stüken eures Rechts, als Helfer auf!
Ich wähle meiner Bürger gleich die besten aus,
Wahrhaft zu schlichten diesen Streit, dem Schwure treu,
Niemals zu sprechen falschen Spruch, und komme dann.
465
(Ab durch die Luft.)
Neues bricht herein und stürzt
Altes um, wenn die Schuld,
Wenn des Muttermordes Gräul
Im Gericht siegen soll.
Solch ein Sieg lockt die Menschen überall
470
Leicht heraus zu gleicher That!
Blutig droht von Kindeshänden
Mancher Stoß der Aelternbrust
Einst im langen Lauf der Zeit.
Erste Gegenstrophe.
Denn dem Frevler schleicht hinfort
475
Unser Groll, Menschenschuld
Spähend, nicht mehr grimmig nach;
Jeden Mord lass ich frei.
Mancher dann, dem ein Andrer übelthat,
Jammert hier und dort und forscht
480
Nach des Leides Ziel und Heilung;
Hülfe beut sich nirgendwo;
Trösten kann der Arme nicht.
Zweite Strophe.
Nun erhebe Keiner mehr,
Wann ihn schlug das Mißgeschick,
485
Solchen Ruf in schwerer Angst:
„Ha, Gericht! Heil'ge Macht, Erinnyen!"
Solch ein jammervolles Ach
Stöhnt ein Aelternpaar vielleicht,
Heimgesucht von neuem Leid,
490
Weil des Rechtes Tempel stürzt.
Zweite Gegenstrophe.
Oft ja dient die Furcht zum Heil;
Und im Herzen wohne sie
Unverrückt als treue Hut!
Frommt es doch, wenn man weinend Zucht gelernt.
495
Aber wer, der fromme Scheu
Nicht im Busen reifen ließ,
Welcher Mensch und welche Stadt
Chrte fürder noch das Recht?
Dritte Strophe.
Nicht ein Leben schrankenlos,
500
Noch gedrückt von Zwanges Joch,
Lobe dir!
Immer die Mitte ja krönen die Himmlischen;
Andres ordnen sie anders.
Hört von mir ein treffend Wort:
505
Götterverachtung erzeugt sich den frevelnden Muth;
Aus der Gesundheit
Der Seele keimt allgeliebt,
Sehnlich erfleht, der Segen.
Dritte Gegenstrophe.
Und für immer gilt mein Spruch:
510
Ehre fromm des Rechts Altar!
Tritt ihn nicht,
Lüstern nach schnödem Gewinne, mit frevelndem
Fuß; denn Strafe verfolgt dich,
Deiner harrt ein würdig Ziel!
515
Darum verehre der Aeltern geheiligtes Haupt
Jeder, und achte,
Wenn seinem Haus Fremde nah'n,
Heilig das Recht des Gastes!
Vierte Strophe.
English (Smyth; revised Bannon and Nagy, CHS) (OCR draft) Experimental (CHS Primary Sources revision of Herbert Weir Smyth’s translation by Cynthia Bannon and Gregory Nagy, with transliterated Greek terms tagged and aligned to the Smyth edition.)

No corresponding passage available

Commentary

Commentary on Aeschylus: Eumenides (Aeschylus. Eumenides. Sidgwick, Arthur, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1887.)

1. πρεσβεύω . 'I honour most; the superlative sense practically contained in the word accounts for gen. θεῶν. πρεσβεύω is rather a favourite word of Aeschylus. So line 21 Παλλὰς πρεσβεύεται, ‘has chief honour,' Cho. 488 πρῶτον τόνδε πρεσβεύσω τάφον, as here, Ag. 1300 ὁ δ᾽ ὕστατος τοῦ χρόνου πρεσβεύεται, is first in respect of time, Cho. 631 κακῶν πρεσβεύεται, is first of horrors.

2. πρωτόμαντιν . The Earth was naturally regarded as 'most ancient' of gods: and prophetic, perhaps because the ancient shrines of prophecy were so often caverns or mysterious chasms (e. g. Delphic chasm, the Sibyl's cave, the cave of Trophonios, etc.). Pausanias tells us (10.5.5) that the Delphians affirmed their oracle to have originally belonged to the Earth. And Prom. 209 we have Γαῖα and Θέμις prophesying to Prometheus.

2. ἐκ δὲ τῆς , ‘after her;' τῆς common Epic use of art. for demonst. frequent in Aesch., ἐκ τοῦ, ἐν δὲ τῷ, ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖς, etc.

3. μητρός , mother of Themis; not the general meaning Mother Earth. It is a striking evidence of the fluctuating character of these genealogies that the poet elsewhere (Prom. 209) speaks of Earth and Themis as the same; one form of many names.

3. ἔζετο with acc. Cf. Ag. 183 σέλμα σεμνὸν ἡμένων, 664 ναῦν ἐφέζετο.

5. λάχει , ‘lot;' vivid poetic for in the third place, third in order.

5. θελούσης , οὐδὲ πρὸς βίαν τινός, 'with her good will, neither in despite of any.' Aeschylus uses this stately emphasis because he is following (or inventing) a different story from what was apparently the received version: for Pindar says (quoted by Schol.) that 'Apollo by force occupied Pytho:' and Eurip. (Iph. Τ. 1259) says, 'Apollo came and took away Themis daughter of Earth from the divine oracles.' But this savage and doubtless older story was not suitable to the poet's purpose: the sanctity and dignity of the oracle (ideas which are required for the plot) are averse from such violence.

7. ἥ , she. Epic demonstrative use of ős, surviving in ἢ δ᾽ ὅς, ὃς δ᾽

7. ἔφη (' said he').

7. δίδωσι , gives it, the oracle.

7. γενέθλιον δόσιν . There were two birth-festivals at Athens-the ἀμφιδρόμια, when the infant was carried round the hearth on the seventh (or fifth day), and the δεκάτη, 'tenth-day festival, when it was named and formally recognised by the father. On both occasions, especially the latter, presents were given.

8. παρώνυμον , made like to hers.

9. λίμνη , the circular or rather oval tarn in the north of the island, often referred to by ancient writers (Eur. Ion 167, Iph. Taur. 1104, Herod. 2. 170, etc.), and apparently connected with the birth of Apollo.

9. χοιράς , 's back,hog lit., i.e. ridge or rock, of Mount Kynthos.

11. παῖδες Ἡφαίστου , because Hephaistos was father of Erichthonios, mythical king of Athens. The title is peculiarly appropriate to the hewers of the way, as Hephaistos was the god who invented many of the tools and the arts of civilised life.

16. Δελφός , the king and eponymous' hero of Delphians.

17. κτίζω , properly to build, a favourite word of Aeschylus, often used as a stately synonym for to make: e.g. Pers. 289 εὐνίδας ἔκτισσαν, Cho. 1060 ἐλεύθερόν σε κτίσει, Eum. 714 μηδ᾽ ἀκαρπώτους κτίσαι.

19. προφήτης , ‘the spokesman,' the interpreter of Zeus. So he says in a fragment (79) Ζεὺς ἐγκαθίει Λοξίᾳ θεσπίσματα. So Verg. A. 3. 251 'Quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo Praedixit.'

21. Παλλὰς προναία , ‘Pallas of the precincts;' the name of a temple of Athena near the great sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi. It is mentioned by Herodotus in this form (προνηΐη) 1.92, and there exist two Delphic inscriptions containing it (ΠΡΟΝΑΙA): but it seems to have been afterwards corrupted into πρόνοια, the shape in which the name of Athena at Delphi appears in Demosthenes (780), Aeschines (Ctes. 69), and Pausanias (10.8.7). Some people suppose two Delphic Athenas, προναία and πρόνοια: but this, though possible, is hardly likely. The learned Alexandrine poet Callimachus (250 B.C.) has the old form (προναίην, quoted by Schol.).

22. Κωρυκίς . The Korykian cavern was a remarkable cave high up in Parnassus, seven miles from Delphi: the cavern contains two large chambers 100 and 200 feet long respectively: it was the refuge of the Delphians in the Persian invasion (Herod. 8. 36), and more than once when their country was invaded. It was sacred to Pan and the nymphs.

23. φίλορνις , loved of birds, using the shelter for roosting and building.

23. φἀναστροφή , abode, haunt. The verb ἀναστρέφεσθαι is common for to be engaged in, to live ; ἐν φανερῷ, ἐν ᾿Αργει, ἐν μέσῳ, ἐν ξυμμαχίᾳ, etc. (versari Latin).

Critical apparatus to Eumenides (OCR draft) (Latin and Greek critical apparatus to Gottfried Hermann's 1852 edition of Eumenides.) focus

mvp-comment-1-1 τῇδε: Πυ. praefixit Vict. προφῆτις praescriptum in M. Flor. Ven. Nulla nota in G. Ald. Rob. Turn. τῇ τε vitium Ald.

mvp-comment-2-1 τὴν πρωτόμαντιν Γαῖαν· ἐκ δὲ τῆς Θέμιν: Harpocration in v. θεμιστεύειν p. 94, 21. ed. Bekk. θεμιστεύειν ἀντὶ τοῦ χρησμῳδεῖν Λυσίας ἐν τῷ περὶ τῆς ἀμβλώσεως, εἰ γνήσιος. ὅτι δὲ γέγονε τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ Θέμιν ἐσχηκέναι ποτὲ τὸ μαντεῖον πρὸ τοῦ Απόλλωνος (sic Bekkerus ex codice Parisiensi: vulgo ἡλίου), Αισχύλος ἀρχόμενος τῶν Εὐμενίδων φησίν.

mvp-comment-3-1 οὐδὲ πρὸς βίαν τινός: οὐδὲ πρὸς βίαν τινός, nemini vim inferens. Pindarum fortasse tangit. Scholiastes enim ad v. 2. haec adnotavit, Πίνδαρός φησι πρὸς βίαν κρατῆσαι Πυθοῦς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα· διὸ καὶ ταρταρῶσαι αὐτὸν ἐζήτει ἡ Γῆ. Pindarum sequi videtur Euripides in Iphigenia Taurica v. 1234. seqq.

mvp-comment-4-1 Τιτανὶς ἄλλη, παῖς Χθονός: Victorium secuti plerique sic interpungunt, Τιτανίς, ἄλλη παῖς Χθονός, nec rei ratione habita, nec sermonis poetici. Ego, ut iam olim, dedi Τιτανὶς ἄλλη, παῖς Χθονός, ut posse saltem distingui iam Stanleius in curis secundis et Wakefieldius viderant. Deinde za9era Rob.

mvp-comment-5-1 δίδωσιν ἣ: δίδωσιν ἣ Porsonus. δίδωσιν δ᾽ ἣ M. G. Ald. δίδωσι δ᾽ ἢ Ven. (sic Ven. Bekkero teste, δίδωσιν δ᾽ ἣ Franzius affert Flor. Farn. Turn. δίδωσι δ᾽ ἢ Rob.

mvp-comment-6-1 Φοίβῳ· τὸ Φοίβης δ᾽ ὄνομ᾽ ἔχει παρώνυμον: Apollonius in Lexico Homerico p. 164, 10. ed. Bekk. Φοῖβος, ἐπίθετον Απόλλωνος. ὁ μὲν Αἰσχύλος ἀπὸ Φοίβης, τῆς μητρὸς Μητους. V. Wassenberghium ad scholia Hom. p. 151.

mvp-comment-7-1 λίμνην Δηλίαν τε χοιράδα: Scholiastes τὴν Κύνθον. διὰ δὲ τοῦ χοιράδα σχεδὸν τὴν αἰτίαν φησὶ δι᾽ ἣν ἀπέλιπεν Απόλλων, ἐκκλίνων τὸ εὐτελὲς τοῦ χωρίου. Deinde ad eundem versum in M. sine lemmate adscriptum τὴν στρογγύλην, quod ad λίμνην pertinet. Lacus huius, τροχοειδοῦς νουcati, mentio est apud Herodotum II. 170. Theognidem v. 7. Euripidem in Iph. Taur. v. 1110. et in Ione v. 168. apud Callimachum h. Apoll. v. 59. Del. v. 261. Δήλιοι χοιράδες sunt apud Euripidem Troad. v. 89.

mvp-comment-8-1 Παρνησσοῦ θ' ἕδρας: Παρνησσοῦ θ᾽ ἕδρας Turn. παρνησοῦ θ᾽ ἕδρας Rob. παρνησοῦσθ᾽ ἕδρας M. G. παρνησούς θ' ἕδρας Flor. Ven. παρνήσους θ' έδρας Farn. πανησοῦς θ᾽ ἕδρας Ald. Scholiastes χαριζόμενος Αθηναίοις καταχθῆναί φησιν ἐκεῖσε Απόλλωνα κἀκεῖθεν τὴν περιπομπὴν αὐτῷ εἶναι. ὁ δὲ Πίνδαρος ἐκ Τανάγρας τῆς Βοιωτίας.

mvp-comment-9-1 σεβίζουσιν: σεβίζουσι Turn. θεσπίζουσι Par.

mvp-comment-10-1 κελευθοποιοὶ: κελευθοπιοὶ Αld. Scholiastes of Αθηναῖοι, Θησεὺς γὰρ τὴν ὁδὸν καθῇρε (sic M.) τῶν λῃστῶν· καὶ ὅταν πέμπωσιν εἰς Δελφοὺς θεωρίδα, προέρχονται (προέρχονται γὰρ Μ.) ἔχοντες πελέκεις ὡς διημερώσοντες τὴν γῆν. Hesychius Αφηστιάδαι, Αθηναῖοι. Sed cum Hesychio conferendum est quod Stephanus Byzantius habet, 'Hφαιστιάδαι, δῆμος Ακαμαντίδος φυλῆς, ἐν ᾧ ἦν Ηφαίστου ἱερόν. ὁ δημότης Ἡφαιστιάδης. τὰ τοπικὰ ἐξ Ηφαιστιαδῶν καὶ τὰ λοιπά. Censor Schützianae editionis in Bibliotheca nova Germanica vol. LVI. part. 1. p. 224. seqq. cuius censurae epitome inserta est Beckii Commentariis societatis philologicae vol. II. part. 2. p. 279. seqq. dubitat an Aeschylus simpliciter fabros, non universe Athenienses, solemni pompa, ut deinceps quotannis, Apollinem deduxisse dixerit: quare aliquid excidisse putat inter v. 12. et 13. Quae suspicio eiusmodi est ut certis quidem argumentis nec refelli posse nec probari videatur. Schoemanno, ut Stanleio aliisque, universe Athenienses significari videntur: Erechtheum enim filium esse Vulcani, ὃν τέκε γαίης αὔλακι νυμφεύσας γαμίην Ηφαιστος ξέρσην, ut Nonnus ait XLI. 63. Rem, quam Aeschylus narrat, Strabo tangit IX. p. 646 (422). Conf. Mülleri Orchom. p. 36. et 383. et diss. de tripode Delphico p. 18.

mvp-comment-11-1 ἀνήμερον τιθέντες: ἀνήμερόν τι θέντες Ald.

mvp-comment-12-1 τιμᾷ: τιμαλθεῖ Ven. τημαλφεῖ Ald. Turn. In Rob. pro his verbis, κάρτα τιμαλφεί λεώς, haec e v. 12. repetita sunt, καὶ σεβίζουσιν μέγα.

mvp-comment-13-1 Δελφός: Scholiastes Επαφρόδιτος ἐν ὑπομνήματι Καλλιμάχου Αιτίων β' φησί, Μελανθοῦς τῆς Δευκαλίωνος καὶ Κηφισσοῦ τοῦ ποταμοῦ γίνεται Μέλαινα τοὔνομα· Μελαίνης δὲ καὶ Ποσειδῶνος Δελφός, ἀφ' οὗ οἱ Δελφοί. Tzetzes ad Lycophr. v. 208. — κἂν ἄλλοι φασὶ Δελφοὺς κληθῆναι ἀπὸ Δελφοῦ υἱοῦ Ποσειδῶνος καὶ Μελανθοῦς τῆς Δευκαλίωνος θυγατρός. Alia narrat Pausanias X. 6.

mvp-comment-14-1 ἐν θρόνοις: ἐν θρόνοις Turn. ἐν χρόνοις M. G. Par. Ven. Flor. Farn. Ald. Rob.

mvp-comment-15-1 Διὸς προφήτης δ᾽ ἐστὶ Λοξίας πατρός: Libri διὸς προφήτης δ᾽ ἐστὶ λοξίας πατρός, nisi quod G. Ald. δ᾽ ἐστὶν habent. Sed Macrobius Sat. V. 22. ita scriptum affert hunc versum, πατρὸς προφήτης ἐστὶ Λοξίας Διός. Dubitari potest utro ordine melius haec dicantur.

mvp-comment-16-1 Παλλὰς προναία δ᾽ εὐλόγως πρεσβεύεται: Libri παλλὰς προναία δ᾽ ἐν λόγοις πρεσβεύεται, nisi quod in Ven. προναία esse adnotavit Bekkerus. Scribendum προνάα. De Minerva zgoraía sive noroi praeter alios disputavit Lennepius ad Phalar. p. 143. seqq. Εί πρόνοια sola vera appellatio videbatur. Alterum nomen ut verius atque antiquius defendit 0. Müllerus in iis quae de Pallade scripsit in Encyclopaedia universali III. 10. p. 101. Atque hane nominis formam Delphis usitatam fuisse constat nunc ex duabus inscriptionibus ab Ernesto Curtio in Anecdotis Delphicis p. 77. et 78. editis, in quibus scriptum est ΤΑΙΑΘΑΝ. ΑΙΤΑΙΡΟΝΑΙΑΙ. De situ templi huius deae Delphici exposuit H. N. Vlrichsius in Itinere Graeco (Reisen und forschungen in Griechenland) vol. I. p. 45. et 263. Quod apud Aeschylum sequitur ἐν λόγοις πρεσβεύεται, simili orationis specie dictum est in Choeph. v. 621. κακῶν δὲ πρεσβεύεται τὸ Λήμνιον λόγο. Sed hic tamen non satis aptum videtur ἐν λόγοις. Scribendum putavi Παλλὰς προνάα δ᾽ εὐλόγως πρεσβεύεται. Suppl. v. 574. τίν ἂν θεῶν ἐνδικωτέροισιν κεκλοίμαν εὐλόγως ἐπ' ἔργοις;

mvp-comment-17-1 Κωρυκὶς: κωρυκεὶς Ald. De Corycio antro dixit Vlrichsius p. 48. 55. 119. 126.

mvp-comment-18-1 ἀναστροφαί: ἀναστροφαί Ven. Flor. Farn. ἀναστροφὴ Μ. G. Ald. Rob. Turn. ἀναστροφὴ Victorius ex scholio ad sequentem versum in M. adscripto διὸ εἶπε δαιμόνων ἀναστροφή. Recipiendum erat ἀναστροφαί. Nulla est enim in plurali numero offensio. V. Pors. ad Eur. Or. v. 1051.

Commentary on the Eumenides (OCR draft) (Brief English notes on Aeschylus' Eumenides by F. A. Paley, 1885.) focus

mvp-comment-1-1 πρῶτον μέν] This is answered, according to the common Attic usage, by ἔπειτα in v. 29. First I make honourable mention of the Powers, Titanian and celestial, who have successively ruled the oracular seat; next, I go to declare their present will. - πρεσβεύω, Schol.

προτιμῶ.
The genitive θεῶν means her who of all the powers divine was the first giver of oracles. - Θέμις, who is called Τιτανὶς in Prom. 893 , represents the notion of law and justice as regulated not by human statutes but by divine will.

mvp-comment-2-1 ἢ δή] who, as all know, &c. So οὗ δὴ χολωθεὶς, Alcest. 5 ; see also Prom. 833 .

mvp-comment-3-1 θελούσης] The poet indirectly denies the truth of an old legend that Themis was forcibly ejected from the oracular seat by her sister Phoebe, the mother of Leto. Schol.

Πίνδαρός φησι πρὸς βίαν κρατῆσαι Πυθοῦς τὸν ᾿Απόλλωνα· διὸ καὶ ταρταρῶσαι αὐτὸν ἐζήτει ἡ Γῆ.
This note perhaps refers to the birthday present' from his grandmother Phoebe. The legend that Apollo dispossessed Themis is given at some length in Eur. Iph. T. 1260 seqq. It was in the mind of the poet in this play to deny the hostility of the gods against each other, and to represent them in their more beneficent aspect. It was a custom to bring presents, thence called ὀπτήρια, at the first sight of a newly-born child; see Eur. Ion 1127 .

mvp-comment-4-1 παρώνυμον] The name Phoebus came from Phoebe, either derived from it by the masculine termination, or with the interval of one, as παρ' ἡμέραν, ‘every other day.'

mvp-comment-5-1 λιπὼν δὲ κ.τ.λ.] The sense is, 'So he, leaving the island of his birth, came first to the shore of Attica, from which he was conducted with great honour by a Sacred Way then first made from Athens to Delphi by the descendants of Erichthonius the son of Hephaestus. On the via sacra alluded to, see Wordsworth's Greece, p. 237 , who describes the rugged and uneven nature of the soil, ἀνήμερον χθόνα. The Schol. records a ceremony kept up till later times, of pioneers carrying mattocks leading the annual procession of θεωροὶ to Delphi. ibid. χοιράδα] The low-lying reef, lit. 'hog's-back,' a term applied in disparagement to the barren island which the god exchanged for the wealthy Delphi (Schol.). See Pers. 423 .

mvp-comment-6-1 ἕδρας] ‘his sacred seat on Parnassus.'

mvp-comment-7-1 Either ἡμερώσαντες οι τιθέντες (θέντες) ἥμερον would be a more usual expression. The verb is technically applied to cutting roads through waste country. So Herod. 1. 126

ἐξημερῶσαι τόπον ἀκανθώδη.
Eur. Herc. F. 20
έξημερῶσαι γαῖαν.

mvp-comment-8-1 Δελφός] The eponym king or hero of the country came out to meet the god and give him an honourable reception. The Schol. cites a grammarian who wrote a commentary on Callimachus, to prove that Delphus was the son of Poseidon and Melaena, a daughter of the river Cephisus. -πρυμνήτης, see inf. 735, Theb. 2 .

mvp-comment-9-1 τόνδε] i.e. the present occupant. Similarly the gods are asked to receive the king on his return φαιδροῖσι τοισίδ᾽ ὄμμασι, Ag. 503 , ‘now with bright and cheery look.'

mvp-comment-10-1 προφήτης] the mouth-piece, or speaker for Zeus, Jovis interpres.

mvp-comment-11-1 ἐν λόγοις] This may mean that Pallas holds a first rank in the legends of the place, or it may be that prayers to Apollo are contrasted with honourable mention of Pallas Pronaea ( Herod. 1. 92, VIII. 37 ), who had a temple, or perhaps chapel, in front of the adytum. There was another title, sometimes confounded with this, Παλλάς Πρόvoia, the goddess of Providence, from her reputed wisdom, inf. 811.

Selected scholia accompanying Blass's Eumenides (OCR draft) (The mixed Greek, Latin, and German scholia register printed with Friedrich Blass's 1907 edition, aligned to O. L. Smith's later recensional editions.) focus

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:1a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:1c

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:1b

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:3b

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:3a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-tricliniana-com-grc1:3

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:5a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:7

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:8

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:9a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:9b

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:13

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-tricliniana-com-grc1:13a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:16a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:17

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:21

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:22b

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:24b

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:26a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:26c

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:27

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:28

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:29

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:32

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:34-35

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-tricliniana-com-grc1:34

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:36a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:36b

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:41

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:42b

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:42a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:45a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:47

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:48

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:49

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-tricliniana-com-grc1:49

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:52a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:52c

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:52b

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-tricliniana-com-grc1:52a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:54

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:55

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:57a

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-1982-vetera-com-grc1:57c

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-tricliniana-com-grc1:57b

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.smith1976-tricliniana-com-grc1:57c

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mvp-comment-1-1 (in fine paginae v. 1-48 continentis; legebantur vulgo tamquam ad v. 47 adscripta; transp. Weckl.) φαίνεται ἐπὶ σκηνῆς τὸ μαντεῖον, ἡ δὲ προφῆτις πρόσεισιν (πρόεισιν Μ) ἐπικλήσεις, ὡς ἔθος, τῶν θεῶν ποιησαμένη (-ομένη Μ), ἀπροόπτως τε ἰδοῦσα τὰς Ἐρινύας κύκλωι τοῦ Ὀρέστου καθευδούσας πάντα μηνύει τοῖς θεαταῖς, οὐχ ὡς διηγουμένη τὰ ὑπὸ τὴν σκηνήν· τοῦτο γὰρ νεωτερικὸν Εὐριπίδειον (ιον Μ)· ὑπὸ δὲ τῆς ἐκπλήξεως τὰ θορυβήσαντα αὐτὴν καταμηνύουσα φιλοτέχνως. τὰ δὲ πρῶτα εὐχαὶ καὶ ἐπικλήσεις θεῶν, ἵνα ἀπὸ τῶν εὐφημοτέρων ἄρξηται ἡ προφῆτις. οἰκονομικῶς δὲ οὐκ ἐν ἀρχῆι διώκεται Ορέστης, ἀλλὰ τοῦτο ἐν μέσωι τοῦ δράματος κατατάττει, ταμιευόμενος τὰ ἀκμαιότατα ἐν μέσωι. προτιμῶ.

mvp-comment-2-1 Πίνδαρός φησι πρὸς βίαν κρατῆσαι Πυθοῦς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα· διὸ καὶ ταρταρῶσαι αὐτὸν ἐζήτει ἡ Γῆ. Ἐπαφρόδιτος ἐν ὑπομνήματι Καλλιμάχου αἰτίων β΄ φησί· „Μελανθοῦς τῆς Δευκαλίλωνος καὶ Κηφισοῦ τοῦ ποταμοῦ γίνεται Μέλαινα τοὔνομα, Μελαίνης δὲ καὶ Ποσειδῶνος Δελφός, ἀφ᾽ οὗ οἱ Δελφοί“.

mvp-comment-3-1 ἢ τῆς κοινῆς μητρὸς πάντων, ἢ τῆς Θέμιδος.

mvp-comment-4-1 κλήρωι.

mvp-comment-5-1 ἀντὶ τοῦ) ὀπτήριον. θεασαμένη τὸν τῆς ἀδελφῆς (richtig wäre θυγατρὸς) ἑαυτῆς Λητοῦς παῖδα δέδωκε συγγενικὴν δόσιν.

mvp-comment-6-1 ἀπόδειξις αὕτη τῆς δωρεᾶς οὐκ ἀχάριστος.

mvp-comment-7-1 τὴν Κύνθον. διὰ δὲ τοῦ „χοιράδα" σχεδὸν τὴν αἰτίαν φησὶ δι᾽ ἣν ἀπέλιπεν Ἀπόλλων, ἐκκλίνων τὸ εὐτελὲς τοῦ χωρίου. τὴν στρογγύλην (näml. λίμνην).

mvp-comment-8-1 χαριζόμενος Ἀθηναίοις καταχθῆναί φησιν ἐκεῖσε Ἀπόλλωνα κἀκεῖθεν τὴν παραπομπὴν (Heyne für περιπ.) αὐτῶι εἶναι. ὁ δὲ Πίνδαρος) ἐκ Τανάγρας τῆς Βοιωτίας.

mvp-comment-9-1 οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι. Θησεὺς γὰρ τὴν ὁδὸν ἐκάθηρε (Rob. f. καθῆρεν) τῶν ληιστῶν· καὶ ὅταν πέμπωσιν εἰς Δελφοὺς θεωρίαν (Weil f. θεωρίδα), προέρχονται [γάρ] (del. Rob., τινες Weckl.) ἔχοντες πελέκεις ὡς διημερώσοντες τὴν γῆν.

mvp-comment-10-1 καὶ ὁ Δελφὸς λεώς (λ. del. Vict.), ὃς (ὅ Μ) ἐστι τῆς χώρας ἄναξ καὶ κυβερνήτης.

mvp-comment-11-1 κτίσας: ποιήσας· ἰδίωμα δὲ τοῦτο Αἰσχύλου.

mvp-comment-12-1 „χή Παλλάς, Δελφοί νιν ὅθ᾽ ἱδρύοντο προναίην“ Καλλίμαχος.

mvp-comment-13-1 ὁ Παρνασσός.

Wecklein’s commentary on Eumenides (1888; German; OCR draft) (Explanatory commentary, pp. 251–322; HW42J8 and HXJHA8 OCR collated, with missing comparison pages 294–295 explicitly marked. Unresolved OCR and provisional reference mappings are explicitly marked.) focus

mvp-comment-1-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 251

mvp-comment-1-2 Prolog, wenn man das Erwachen der Erinyen 140-178 als Parodos und das zweite Erscheinen derselben 244-275 als Epiparodos gelten läfst. Andernfalls müfste man den Prolog bis zum eigentlichen Auftreten des Chors als der wirklichen Parodos, also 1-243 rechnen. Die Pythia, welche als Greisin (38) sich auf einen Stab stützt, kommt (durch eine Seitenthüre der Hinterwand) aus einem Nebenraume des Tempels zum Haupteingange desselben und verrichtet vor dem Eintritt ein Gebet (30 f.). Sie hat die χρηστηρία ἐσθής wie Kasandra in Agamemnon (zu Ag. 774 ). Gut bemerkt der Schol. :

φαίνεται ἐπὶ σκηνῆς τὸ μαντεῖον· η δὲ προφῆτις πρόεισιν ἐπικλήσεις, ὡς ἔθος, τῶν θεῶν ποιησομένη, ἀπροόπτως τε ἰδοῦσα τὰς Ἐρινύας κύκλῳ τοῦ Ὀρέστου καθευδούσας πάντα μηνύει τοῖς θεαταῖς, οὐχ ὡς διηγουμένη τὰ ὑπὸ τὴν σκηνήν, τοῦτο γὰρ νεωτερικὸν Εὐριπίδειον, ὑπὸ δὲ τῆς ἐκπλήξεως τὰ θορυβήσαντα αὐτὴν καταμηνύουσα φιλοτέχνως
(d. h. die Exposition ist nicht unvermittelt wie bei Euripides, sondern wohl motiviert). τὰ δὲ πρῶτα εὐχαὶ καὶ ἐπικλήσεις θεῶν, ἵνα ἀπὸ τῶν εὐφημοτέρων ἄρξηται ἡ προφῆτις (in der That breitet das Gebet der Priesterin über den Anfang eine weihevolle Stimmung aus). οἰκονομικῶς δὲ οὐκ ἐν ἀρχῇ διώκεται Ὀρέστης, ἀλλὰ τοῦτο ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ δράματος κατατάττει, ταμιευόμενος τὰ ἀκμαιότατα ἐν μέσῳ.

mvp-comment-2-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 251

mvp-comment-2-2 θεῶν ist von πρῶτον, nicht von πρεσβεύω (wie Cho. 629 ) abhängig, da πρωτόμαντιν in kausalem Verhältnis zu πρῶτον steht und es rechtfertigt, dafs Gäa zuerst unter den Göttern gefeiert wird. Vgl. Cho. 486 . Gäa ist die erste Inhaberin des Orakels, weil es ein Erdorakel war (μαντείον χθόνιον Eur. Iph. T. 1248 ), wie die Höhle des Trophonios u. a. Ihr folgt Themis als Tochter ( Hes. Theog. 135 ), welche nach attischer Vorstellung auch als identisch mit Gäa erscheint (s. zu Prom. 225

Θέμις καὶ Γαῖα, πολλῶν ὀνομάτων μορφὴ μία
). Vgl. ἐπὶ τρίποδι Θέμιδος Eur. Or. 164 . ἐκ δὲ τῆς (nach ihr aber, Kriger II § 50, 1, 1) für δεύτερον δέ.

mvp-comment-3-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 251

mvp-comment-3-2 δή (eben) hebt hervor, dafs Themis als Tochter nachfolgte. τὸ .. μαντείον ἕζετο: zu Ag.193 . Der Zusatz ὡς λόγος τις weist auf andere Wendungen der Sage hin. Paus. X 5, 5 λέγεται δὲ πολλὰ μὲν καὶ διάφορα ἐς αὐτοὺς Δελφούς, πλείω δὲ ἔτι ἐς τοῦ ᾿Απόλλωνος τὸ μαντείον. φασὶ γὰρ δὴ τὰ ἀρχαιό τατα Γῆς εἶναι τὸ χρηστήριον καὶ Δάφνιδα ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ τετάχθαι πρόμαντιν ὑπὸ τῆς Γῆς κτέ.

mvp-comment-4-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 251

mvp-comment-4-2 λάχει: κλήρῳ Schol. Θελούσης scil. αὐτῆς τῆς Θέμιδος). Krüger I § 47, 4, 3 . Die gewöhnliche Wendung der Sage, nach welcher Apollon den das Orakel bewachenden Drachen Python tötete und Themis von der Stätte verdrängte (Schol. Πίνδαρός φησι πρὸς βίαν κρατῆσαι Πυθοῦς τὸν ᾿Απόλλωνα· διὸ καὶ ταρταρῶσαι αὐτὸν ἐζήτει ἡ Γῆ, Eur. Iph. T. 1249 ff. ) wird von dem religiösen Dichter nachdrücklich abgewiesen, und Phöbe, eine andere Tochter der Gäa ( Hes. Theog. 136 ), eingeschoben, damit die Verwandtschaft durchweg als Grund der Übertragung erscheine.

mvp-comment-5-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 252

mvp-comment-5-2 Τιτανίς als Tochter des Uranos und der Gäa. Τιτανὶς Θέμις Prom. 900 . C

mvp-comment-6-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 252

mvp-comment-6-2 ή in solcher Stellung (wie in ἦ δ' ή) nur hier. Sonst nur ἣ δέ, ἣ γάρ und καὶ ἥ. γενέθλιον δόσιν, als Geburtsgeschenk. Bei den Athenern wurden von den Verwandten solche Geschenke an den Ἀμφιδρόμια gegeben. Dieses Fest, an welchem das Kind den Namen erhielt, wurde bald nach der Geburt gefeiert (Hesych. und Harpokr. unter Ἀμφιδρόμια).

mvp-comment-7-1 1

mvp-comment-7-2 Wecklein 1888, p. 252

mvp-comment-7-3 τήθης (Grofsmutter): Phöbe wurde von Koios Mutter der Leto ( Hes. Theog. 406 ).

mvp-comment-8-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 252

mvp-comment-8-2 λίμνην Δηλίαν τε: zu Ag. 594 . λίμνη ( Herod. II 170

ἡ τροχοειδής καλεομένη
) ist der kreisförmige See auf Delos, an welchem Leto den Phöbos geboren hatte: Theogn. 5 Φοῖβε ἄναξ, ὅτε μέν σε θεὰ τέκε πότνια Λητὼ ... ἐπὶ τροχοειδέϊ λίμνῃ, Eur. Iph. Τ. 1103 , Ion 167 . χοιράδα: ein Schol. versteht darunter den Berg Kynthos ( Κύνθιον ὄχθον Eur. Iph. Τ. 1098 ), an welchem der runde See lag. Richtiger denkt ein anderer an das Felseneiland selbst: διὰ τοῦ χοιράδα σχεδὸν τὴν αἰτίαν φησὶ δι᾽ ἣν ἀπέλιπεν Ἀπόλλων, ἐκκλίνων τὸ εὐτελὲς τοῦ χωρίου. Ebenso Eur. Iph. T. 1239 φέρε (Leto) δ᾽ ἵνιν ἀπὸ δειράδος εἰναλίας λοχεῖα κλεινὰ λιποῦσ᾽, ἀστάκτων μάτειρ᾽ ὑδάτων, τὴν βακχεύουσαν Διονύσῳ Παρνάσιον κορυφαν nach dem ersten Hymn. auf Apollon V. 72 νῆσον ἀτιμήσας, ἐπειὴ κραναήπεδός εἰμι (Delos spricht). Man hat aber χοιράδα wohl mehr von dem Anblick, welchen die Insel vom Meere aus bietet, von der klippenreichen Küste zu verstehen wie Pers. 424
ἀκταὶ δὲ νεκρῶν χοιράδες τ᾽ ἐπλήθυον
und Eur. Tro.89
έκταὶ δὲ Μυκόνου Δήλιοι τε χοιράδες πολλῶν θανόντων σώμαθ᾽ ἕξουσιν νεκρῶν
.

mvp-comment-8-3 2

mvp-comment-9-1 3

mvp-comment-9-2 Wecklein 1888, p. 252

mvp-comment-9-3 Schol. :

χαριζόμενος Ἀθηναίοις καταχθῆναί φησιν ἐκεῖσε Ἀπόλλωνα κἀκεῖθεν τὴν παραπομ πὴν Ἀὐτῷ εἶναι. ὁ δὲ Πίνδαρος ἐκ Τανάγρας (Τεγύρας
O. Müller) τῆς Βοιωτίας. Auch in dem Hymnus auf den Pythischen Apollon V. 36 ff. ist die Richtung des Weges eine ardere. Die alte Sitte, dafs den athenischen Festgesandtschaften nach Delphi Leute mit Äxten um den Weg zu bahnen vorhergehen ( ὅταν πέμπωσιν εἰς Δελφοὺς θεωρίαν, προέρχονταί τινες ἔχοντες πελέκεις ὡς διημερώσοντες τὴν γῆν Schol.), wird auf die erste Ankunft des Apollon übertragen und darin eine Art Beweis gefunden, dafs er seinen Weg von Delos nach Delphi über Attika genommen habe. So auch Ephoros bei Strabon IX p. 422 καθ᾿ ὃν χρόνον Ἀπόλλωνα τὴν γῆν ἐπιόντα ἡμεροῦν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους .. ἐξ ᾿Αθηνῶν δ᾽ ὁρμηθέντα ἐπὶ Δελφοὺς ταύτην ἰέναι τὴν ὁδόν, ᾗ νῦν Ἀθηναῖοι τὴν Πυθιάδα πέμπουσι.

mvp-comment-10-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 252

mvp-comment-10-2 μέγα: zu Cho.137 .

mvp-comment-11-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 253

mvp-comment-11-2 παῖδες Ηφαίστου: Schol. :

οἱ Αθηναῖοι. Θησεὺς γὰρ τὴν ὁδὸν ἐκάθηρε τῶν λῃστῶν.
Die Athener, welche von Dichtern Ερεχθεῖδαι genannt werden ( Soph. Ai. 202 , Eur. Med. 824 ), können Hephästoskinder heifsen, weil Erichthonios, mit dem Erechtheus identifiziert wurde, als Sohn des Hephästos galt (daher auch θεῶν παῖδες Eur. Med. 825 ). Vgl. Hesych. Ἡφαιστιάδαι: Ἀθήναῖοι. Hier aber sind offenbar Leute mit Äxten d. i. Zimmerleute zu verstehen.

mvp-comment-12-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 253

mvp-comment-12-2 τιμαλφεῖ: über den Gebrauch dieses Wortes bei Äsch. bemerkt der Schol. zu 629 :

συνεχὲς τὸ ὄνομα παρ᾿ Αἰσχύλῳ, διὸ σκώπτει αὐτὸν Επίχαρμος.
Vgl. noch 810, Ag. 913
τιμαλφής
frg. 53. Abgesehen von Späteren kommt das Wort auch bei Pindar vor.

mvp-comment-13-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 253

mvp-comment-13-2 Δελφός: Επαφρόδιτος ἐν ὑπομνήματι Καλλιμάχου αἰτίων β' φησί Μελανθοῦς τῆς Δευκαλίωνος καὶ Κηφισοῦ τοῦ ποταμοῦ γίνεται Μέλαινα τοὔνομα, Μελαίνης δὲ καὶ Ποσειδῶνος Δελφός, ἀφ᾽ οὗ οἱ Δελφοί. Schol.

mvp-comment-14-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 253

mvp-comment-14-2 νιν gehört sowohl zu κτίσας (mit φρένα, vgl. 88) als zu ΐζει. ἔνθεος τέχνης nach Analogie von ἔμπειρος.

mvp-comment-15-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 253

mvp-comment-15-2 Διὸς προφήτης: vgl. 621, frg 82 ταῦτα γὰρ πατὴρ Ζεὺς ἐγκαθίει Λοξία θεσπίσματα, Hymn. Hom. 1 132 χρήσω (Apollon spricht) δ' ἀνθρώποισι Διός νημερτέα βουλήν, ΙΙΙ 471 σὲ (Hermes zu Apollon) δέ φασι δαήμεναι ἐκ Διὸς ὀμφῆς μαντείας, Εκάεργε· Διὸς πάρα θέσφατα πάντα, Verg. Aen. III 251 quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo praedixit.

mvp-comment-16-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 253

mvp-comment-16-2 ἐν εὐχαῖς steht in Gegensatz zu dem folgenden ἐν λόγοις: den Gottheiten des Orakels selbst werden zuerst (als προοίμια) fromme Gebete geweiht; dann werden die übrigen Gottheiten des Ortes in Worten der Verehrung begrüfst. Παλλὰς προναία heifst sie nach der Lage ihres Heiligtums. Der Schol. erwähnt den Vers des Kallimachos :

χὴ Παλλάς, Δελφοί νιν ὅθ᾽ ἱδρύοντο προναίην
. Vgl. Herod. VIII 37
τὸ ἱρὸν τῆς Προνηίης 'Ἀθηναίης,
Diod. ΧΙ 14 μέχρι τοῦ ναοῦ τῆς προναίας Ἀθηνάς, wie sich in delphischen Inschriften τῷ ᾿Αθάνα τα προναία findet (E. Curtius Anecd. Delph. p. 77 sq.). Über den Tempel Paus. X 8, 6 .

mvp-comment-17-1 Wecklein 1888, p. 253

mvp-comment-17-2 νύμφας ἔνθα (die Nymphen welche wohnen wo): eine ähnliche Brachylogie 689 σκηνάς, ὅτ᾽ ἦλθον, Soph. Trach. 240

εὐχαῖς ὅθ' ᾕρει κτε. Κωρυκὶς πέτρα
: die Korykische Grotte am Parnafs oberhalb Delphi ( Herod. VIII 36 ) war den Nymphen und dem Pan geweiht, Soph. Ant. 1126
σὲ δ᾽ ὑπὲρ διλόφου πέτρας στέροψ ὄπωπε λιγνύς, ἔνθα Κωρύκιαι νύμφαι στείχουσι Βακχίδες
, Paus. X 32, 7 ἱερὸν δὲ αὐτὸ (nämlich τὸ Κωρύκιον ἄντρον) οἱ περὶ τὸν Παρνασὸν Κωρυκίων τε εἶναι νυμφῶν καὶ Πανὸς μάλιστα ἥγηνται. φίλορνις bezieht sich auf den Wald, welcher die Grotte umgiebt.

Commentary (Arthur Sidgwick, 1887) (OCR draft) (Arthur Sidgwick's commentary on the Eumenides, aligned to the canonical Greek text.) focus

mvp-sidgwick-1-1-1 [The exterior of the Shrine at Delphi (see note on 63): the priestess comes forward and speaks.]

mvp-sidgwick-1-2-1 [1-63. PROLOGUE. The priestess calls on all the gods connected with the shrine, then goes in, and returns terrified, describing the sight within, a blood-stained murderer on the central stone, and the dreadful Furies sleeping round.]

πρεσβεύω . I honour most; the superlative sense practically contained in the word accounts for gen. θεῶν. πρεσβεύω is rather a favourite word of Aeschylus. So line 21 Παλλὰς πρεσβεύεται, has chief honour, Cho. 488

πρῶτον τόνδε πρεσβεύσω τάφον,
as here, Ag. 1300
ὁ δ᾽ ὕστατος τοῦ χρόνου πρεσβεύεται,
is first in respect of time, Cho. 631
κακῶν πρεσβεύεται,
is first of horrors.

πρωτόμαντιν . The Earth was naturally regarded as most ancient of gods: and prophetic, perhaps because the ancient shrines of prophecy were so often caverns or mysterious chasms (e. g. Delphic chasm, the Sibyl's cave, the cave of Trophonios, etc.). Pausanias tells us (10.5.5) that the Delphians affirmed their oracle to have originally belonged to the Earth. And Prom. 209 we have Γαῖα and θέμις prophesying to Prometheus.

ἐκ δὲ τῆς , after her; τῆς common Epic use of art. for demonst. frequent in Aesch., ἐκ τοῦ, ἐν δὲ τῷ, ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖς, etc.

mvp-sidgwick-4-1-1 The dramatic particle δή probably here merely anticipates ὡς λόγος τις.

μητρός , mother of Themis; not the general meaning Mother Earth. It is a striking evidence of the fluctuating character of these genealogies that the poet elsewhere ( Prom. 209 ) speaks of Earth and Themis as the same; one form of many names.

ἕζετο with acc. Cf. Ag. 183 σέλμα σεμνὸν ἡμένων, 664 ναῦν ἐφέζετο.

λάχει , lot; vivid poetic for in the third place, third in order.

θελούσης , οὐδὲ πρὸς βίαν τινός, with her good will, neither in despite of any. Aeschylus uses this stately emphasis because he is following (or inventing) a different story from what was apparently the received version: for Pindar says (quoted by Schol.) that Apollo by force occupied Pytho: and Eurip. (Iph. Τ. 1259) says,

Apollo came and took away Themis daughter of Earth from the divine oracles.
But this savage and doubtless older story was not suitable to the poet's purpose: the sanctity and dignity of the oracle (ideas which are required for the plot) are averse from such violence.

mvp-sidgwick-6-1-1 The Titans were according to the oldest story six sons and six daughters of Ouranos and Gaia: the author of the Theogony gives the list (Hes. Theog. 134), mentioning both Themis and Phoibe. According to same ancient source (Theog. 403) Phoibe (by Koios the Titan) was mother of Leto, hence grandmother of Phoibos; and so by custom gave the infant Phoibos both a birthday gift (7), and his name (8).

ἥ , she. Epic demonstrative use of ὅς, surviving in ἢ δ᾽ ὅς, ὃς δ᾽

ἔφη ( said he).

δίδωσι , gives it, the oracle.

γενέθλιον δόσιν . There were two birth-festivals at Athens-the ἀμφιδρόμια, when the infant was carried round the hearth on the seventh (or fifth day), and the δεκάτη, tenth-day festival, when it was named and formally recognised by the father. On both occasions, especially the latter, presents were given.

παρώνυμον , made like to hers.

λίμνη , the circular or rather oval tarn in the north of the island, often referred to by ancient writers ( Eur. Ion 167 , Iph. Taur. 1104 , Herod. 2. 170, etc.), and apparently connected with the birth of Apollo.

χοιράς , 's back,hog lit., i.e. ridge or rock, of Mount Kynthos.

mvp-sidgwick-10-1-1 The ship-frequented shores of Pallas are Attica, regarded as specially the land of Pallas Athene.

mvp-sidgwick-11-1-1 Delphi is called the shrine of Parnassus as being at the foot of that Mountain. ll. 13, 14

. The Athenians are called, in Aeschylus' grand style, 'the sons of Hephaistos, hewers of the road, making tame the wild land.' There was a sacred way from Athens to Delphi, and Athenian tradition evidently affirmed that it had been made of old by Athenians for Apollo. The Schol. mentions an interesting ceremonial, plainly a survival, bearing on this tradition, that when Athens sent a mission to Delphi, the sacred ambassadors were preceded by men with axes. (The Boeotian Pindar, on the other hand, makes Apollo start from Tanagra in Boeotia, according to the Schol.).

παῖδες Ἡφαίστου , because Hephaistos was father of Erichthonios, mythical king of Athens. The title is peculiarly appropriate to the hewers of the way, as Hephaistos was the god who invented many of the tools and the arts of civilised life.

mvp-sidgwick-12-1-1 Making tame, i, e. evidently clearing and settling; not only (as Schol.) from robbers.'

Δελφός , the king and eponymous' hero of Delphians.

κτίζω , properly to build, a favourite word of Aeschylus, often used as a stately synonym for to make: e.g. Pers. 289

εὐνίδας ἔκτισσαν,
Cho. 1060
ἐλεύθερόν σε κτίσει,
Eum. 714 μηδ᾽ ἀκαρπώτους κτίσαι.

προφήτης , the spokesman, the interpreter of Zeus. So he says in a fragment (79) Ζεὺς ἐγκαθίει Λοξίᾳ θεσπίσματα. So Verg. A. 3. 251 Quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo Praedixit.

Παλλὰς προναία , Pallas of the precincts; the name of a temple of Athena near the great sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi. It is mentioned by Herodotus in this form (

προνηΐη)
l. 92 , and there exist two Delphic inscriptions containing it (ΠΡΟΝΑΙA): but it seems to have been afterwards corrupted into πρόνοια, the shape in which the name of Athena at Delphi appears in Demosthenes (780), Aeschines (Ctes. 69), and Pausanias (10.8.7). Some people suppose two Delphic Athenas, προναία and πρόνοια: but this, though possible, is hardly likely. The learned Alexandrine poet Callimachus (250 B.C.) has the old form (προναίην, quoted by Schol.).

Κωρυκίς . The Korykian cavern was a remarkable cave high up in Parnassus, seven miles from Delphi: the cavern contains two large chambers 100 and 200 feet long respectively: it was the refuge of the Delphians in the Persian invasion (Herod. 8. 36), and more than once when their country was invaded. It was sacred to Pan and the nymphs.

φίλορνις , loved of birds, using the shelter for roosting and building.

φἀναστροφή , abode, haunt. The verb ἀναστρέφεσθαι is common for to be engaged in, to live ; ἐν φανερῷ, ἐν ᾿Αργει, ἐν μέσῳ, ἐν ξυμμαχίᾳ, etc. (versari Latin).