128-192.
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128-192. Parodos. It is com- matic, that is, divided between actor and chorus. The chorus enter in a winged car
(ὄχῳ
πτερωτῷ 135,
κραι-
πνόσυτον
θᾶκον 279), moved by the- atrical machinery. The car, advancing from the right side, has gradually approached Prometheus. It is seen by the spectators while still invisible to Prometheus, who can only look straight before him. At 124 the chorus are already very near, and they hear the words of 127
(φοβερόν). - The
᾿Ωκεανίδες are daughters of Oceanus and Tethys; see Hesiod Theog. 362. Hesiod (ibid. 346) enum- erates
forty-one by name, and adds
πολλαί
γε
μέν
εἶσι
καὶ
ἄλλαι,
τρὶς
γὰρ
χίλιαί
εἰσι
τανύσφυροι
Ωκεανῖναι. Aes- chylus's chorus consisted of twelve persons. The first strophe gives the motive of the chorus for coming; this is what an unknown grammarian (in the hypothesis to the Persians) calls '
παροδικά,
ὅτε
λέγει (sc.
ὁ
χορός)
δι᾽
ἣν
αἰτίαν
πάρεστιν.' - The rhythms (
ῥυθμὸς
᾿Ανακρεόντειός
ἐστι
κεκλασμένος
πρὸς
τὸ
θρηνητικόν, Schol.) are in keeping with the sorrowful tone of the composition (see 144 ff.); they
are furthermore especially appropri- ate to a female chorus.
131.
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131.
μόγις: 'Quod se patri aegre persuasisse dicunt, ut iis commeatum daret, id e vetere sexus muliebris, vir- ginum inprimis disciplina iudican- dum. Sic paedagogus Antigones apud Euripidem (Phoen. 89) viam circumspicit, verens ne quis in publi- cum prodeuntem regis filiam vitu- peret' (Schütz). Cp. Suppl. 996
ὑμᾶς
δ᾽
ἐπαινῶ
μὴ
καταισχύνειν
ἐμὲ
ὥραν
ἐχούσας
τήνδ᾽
ἐπίστρεπτον
βροτοῖς,
κτἑ. –
παρειποῦσα: cp. Il. vi. 62; vii. 120
ὡς
εἰπὼν
παρέπεισεν
ἀδελφειοῦ
φρένας
ἥρως
αἴσιμα
παρειπών. See also Il. i. 555, vi. 337, Hes. Theog. 90
μαλακοῖσι
παραιφάμενοι
ἐπέεσσιν. Grammatically
παρειποῦσα can be taken with
τάξις,
130. 135.
our
maiden
s
mydeply of
grave
infert but in thought it stands as if
ἐγὼ
προσέβην had preceded. See on 201.
132.
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132.
κραιπνοφόροι
αύραι: that is, "and I came with great haste."
133.
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133.
ἐκ
δ᾽
ἔπληξε:
δέ is often put between preposition and verb (tme- sis). Krüger II. § 68, 48, 1.
ἐξέπληξε, here and 360, is not wholly figurative, but is chosen with reference to the actual nature of the cause (here the blows). Cp. 370; Ag. 480
φλογὸς
παρ-
αγγέλμασιν
νέοις
πυρωθέντα
καρδίαν.
134.
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134.
θεμερώπιν: Empedocles 23
Δῆρις
δ᾽
αἱματόεσσα
καὶ
῾Αρμονίη
θεμε-
ρώπις. Hesychius interprets
θεμερῶπις
(αἰδώς)·
ἐρασμία
αἰσχύνη, but this is inexact, for
θεμερός (from the root
06-) means settled, tranquil, sedate; cp. Hesych.
θεμερή·
βεβαία,
σεμνή,
εὐστα-
θής; also the words
θέμα,
θέμεθλον,
θεμοῦν. Accordingly
θεμερῶπις
αἰδώς is the modesty which makes maidens quiet and sedate. Its opposite is im- plied in
σύθην
ἀπέδιλος.
135.
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135.
σύθην: the tragedians omit the syllabic augment not infrequently in lyric passages and in the narratives
of messengers. The temporal aug- ment is much less often omitted; yet
see
ἐρέθισε 181. –
ἀπέδιλος: the scholi- ast cites Hesiod O. D. 345
γείτονες
ἄζωστοι
ἔκιον. Cp. Soph. El. 871
ὑφ'
ἡδονῆς
τοι,
φιλτάτη,
διώκομαι
τὸ
κόσμιον
μεθεῖσα
σὺν
τάχει
μολεῖν,
Theocr. Id. xix. 36
ἄνστα
μηδὲ
πόδεσσιν
ἐοῖς
ὑπὸ
σάνδαλα
θείης (Bion i. 19 &
δ'
᾿Αφροδίτα
λυσαμένα
πλοκαμίδας
ἀνὰ
δρυμὼς
ἀλά-
ληται
πενθαλέα
νήπαστος
ἀσάνδαλος), Apoll. Rhod. iv. 43
γυμνοῖσιν
δὲ
πό-
δεσσιν
ἀνὰ
στεινοὺς
θέεν
οἴμους (said of Medea). -
ὄχῳ
πτερωτῷ: winged chariots are not rare in ancient art: cp. for instance
Müller-Wieseler, Denkmäler der alten Kunst, Vol. II. Plate ix. n. 110, Plate x.
п. 111, 112, where Triptolemus is seen mounted on a car furnished with swan's wings.
137.
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137.
πολυτέκνου: see on 128. Cp. Il. xiv. 201
Ωκεανόν
τε,
θεῶν
γένεσιν,
καὶ
μητέρα
Τηθύν.
138.
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138.
περὶ
πᾶσαν
εἰλισσομένου
χθόνα : cp.
ἀψορρόου
Ὠκεανοῖο Il. xviii. 399, Od. xx. 65. Cp. also
150. Ovid Fast. v. 81 duxerat Oceanus quondam Titanida Tethyn, qui terram liquidis qua patet ambit aquis. For the form
εἱλισσομένου see on 345.
139.
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139.
ἀκοιμήτῳ
ῥεύματι : cp. Il. xiv. 244
ἄλλον
μέν
κεν
ἔγωγε (the speaker is Sleep)
θεῶν
αἰειγενετάων
ῥεῖα
κατευ-
νήσαιμι
καὶ
ἂν
ποταμοῖο
ῥέεθρα
᾿Ὠκεανοῦ,
ὅς
περ
γένεσις
πάντεσσι
τέτυκται.
141.
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141 f. Synonyma haec vehemen- tiam commoti animi produnt' (Schütz). –
προσπορπατός: cp. 61.
143.
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143.
φρουρὰν
ὀχήσω: see
on
φρου-
ρήσεις, 31.
ὀχεῖν = sustinere, as in Od. vii. 211
ὀχέοντας
ὀιζύν,
xi. 618
κακὸν
μόρον,
ὅν
περ
ἐγὼν
ὀχέεσκον
ὑπ᾿
αὐγὰς
ἠελίοιο, xxi. 302
ἣν
ἄτην
ὀχέων
ἀεσίφρονι
θυμῷ. –
ἄζηλον: cp.
ἀτερπῆ 31,
ἀμέγαρτα 402; and Cho. 1017
ἄζηλα
νίκης
τῆσδ᾽
ἔχων
μιάσματα.
145.
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145.
πλήρης
δακρύων: like a rain- cloud. Cp. Sept. 228
χαλεπᾶς
δύας
ὕπερθ᾽
ὀμμάτων
κρημναμενᾶν
νεφελᾶν,
Soph. Ant. 528
νεφέλη
δ᾽
ὀφρύων
ὕπερ
αἱματόεν
ῥέθος
αἰσχύνει
τέγγουσ᾽
εὐῶπα
παρειάν, Eur. Hipp. 173
στυγνὸν
δ᾽
ὀφρύων
νέφος
αὐξάνεται, Antiphanes in Meineke Com. iii. p. 197
τὸ
προσὸν
νῦν
νέφος
ἐπὶ
τοῦ
μετώπου, Hor. Epist. i. 18,94 deme supercilio nubem. The figure was used by Homer Il. xvii. 591
τὸν
δ' (Hector)
ἄχεος
νεφέλη
ἐκάλυψε
μέλαινα. —
εἰσιδοῦσαν : the accusative follows the dative
ἐμοῖσιν
ὄσσοις as Cho. 410
πέπαλται
δ᾽
αὐτέ
μοι
φίλον
κέαρ
τόνδε
κλύουσαν
οἶκτον, Pers. 913
λέλυται
γὰρ
ἐμῶν
γνίων
ῥώμη
τήνδ'
ἡλικίαν
ἔσιδόντα, Soph.
Εl. 479
ὕπεστί
μοι
θράσος
ἁδυπνόων
κλύουσαν
ἀρτίως
ὀνειράτων,
Αἰ. 1006
ποῖ
γὰρ
μολεῖν
μοι
δυνατὸν
τοῖς
σοῖς
ἀρήξαντ᾽
ἐν
πόνοισι
μηδαμοῦ. The reverse change (from acc. to dat.) in Eur. Med. 57
ὥσθ᾽
ἵμερός
μ᾽
ὑπῆλθε...
λέξαι
μολούσῃ.
146.
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146.
πέτρα
προσαυαινόμενον : =
πρὸς
πέτρᾳ
αὐαινόμενον. Cp. Soph. Phil. 954
αὐανοῦμαι
τῷδ᾽
ἐν
αὐλίῳ
μόνος,
Εl. 819
αὐανῶ
βίον. – With
αὐαινόμενον
λύμαις ср. 93.
147.
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147.
ἀδαμαντοδέτοισι
λύμαις: nearly equivalent to
ἀδαμαντίνοις
δεσμοῖς
λυ-
μαντηρίοις (991). Cp. 580
οἰστρηλάτῳ
δείματι, Theocr. Epigr. xiii. 4
κηροδέτῳ
πνεύματι.
148.
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148.
γάρ: the chorus explains to itself the reason of Prometheus's
155 maltreatment. —
οἰακονόμοι : Zeus is meant. Sic et nos: denn jetzt sitzen neue Herrn am Ruder, quamvis de uno tantum sermo sit' (Schütz). For the figure cp. Sept. 2
ὅστις
φυλάσ-
σει
πρᾶγος
ἐν
πρύμνῃ
πόλεως
οἴακα
νωμῶν, ibid. 62, Pers. 767; also 515 below.
150.
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150.
νόμοις :
νόμοι are changeable laws, made by temporal authorities (cp. Sept. 1070
πόλις
ἄλλως
ἄλλοτ᾽
ἐπαινεῖ
τὰ
δίκαια), in distinction to
θεσμοί, immutable statutes, based upon eternal right. —
ἀθέτως·
ἀθέσμως,
οὐ
συγκατατεθειμένως, Hesych. That is, Zeus issues ordinances in his own right (186), without acknowledging the authority of a higher law. Cp. 324
οὐδ᾽
ὑπεύθυνος
κρατεῖ.
151.
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151.
τὰ
πρὶν
πελώρια : in a general sense; the
former powers
(τοὺς
Τιτάνας
καὶ
τοὺς
τούτων
νόμους, Schol.). The word
πελώρια is appropriate in refer- ence to the reign of the Titans. For the thought, cp. Ag. 168
οὐδ᾽
ὅστις
πάροιθεν
ἦν
μέγας,
παμμάχῳ
θράσει
βρύων,
οὐδὲ
λέξεται
πρὶν
ὤν. –
ἀιστοῖ :
the verb denotes absolute annihila- tion, so that a thing is neither seen nor heard of more: from
ἄϊστος, out of sight and mind.
152.
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152.
νέρθεν
"Αιδου: with emphasis, nay, under very Hades. That is, into
Tartarus, following the conception of
11. viii. 13
ἤ
μιν
ἑλὼν
ῥίψω
ἐς
Τάρτα-
ρον
ἠερόεντα, ...
τόσσον
ἔνερθ᾽
᾿Αίδεω
ὅσον
οὐρανός
ἐστ᾿
ἀπὸ
γαίης (whereas in Eum. 72
Τάρταρόν
θ᾽
ὑπὸ
χθονός, Tar- tarus is equivalent to Hades). Into Tartarus the other Titans had been thrown: Il. viii. 481; Hesiod Theog. 719
τόσσον
ἔνερθ᾽
ὑπὸ
γῆς
ὅσον
οὐρανός
ἐστ᾿
ἀπὸ
γαίης·
ἶσον
γάρ
τ᾽
ἀπὸ
γῆς
ἐς
Τάρταρον
ἠερόεντα.
153.
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153 f.
τοῦ
νεκροδέγμονος : cp. Sept. 860
πάνδοκον
εἰς
ἀφανῆ
τε
χέρσον, Suppl. 157
τὸν
πολυξενώτατον
Ζῆνα
τῶν
κεκμηκότων. In Hom. Hymn v. 9, 17, 430, Hades is called
Πολυδέκτης and
Πολυδέγμων. Cp.
οἰστοδέγμονα
θησαυρόν Pers. 1020. –
ἀπέραντον : see 1078.
δεσμοῖς
πελάσας : " and had put me in bonds there as here." For the expression
δεσμοῖς
πελάσας cp. Eur. Alc. 229
βρόχῳ
δέρην
οὐρανίῳ
πελάσσαι, also
ΙΙ.
ν. 766
κακῆς
ὀδύνῃσι
πελάζειν.
156.
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156.
μήτε
τις
ἄλλος: Prometheus shrinks from the mention of man- kind. For the position of ris see on
165. 21.- Nothing, to the unfortunate, is so hard to bear as the malicious exultation of their enemies.
Ср. Il. iii. 51; vi. 82; x. 193; Hesiod O. D. 701, Aesch. Pers. 1034, Soph. Ai. 382, Ant. 647, Eur. Med. 383.
157.
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157.
ὡς . . .
ἐπεγήθει: cp. 749; Cho. 195
εἴθ᾽
εἶχε
φωνὴν ...
ὅπως
δίφροντις
οὖσα
μὴ
᾿κινυσσόμην. GMT. 333.
ἐπι-
γηθεῖν, like
ἐπιχαίρειν (cp. 158
ἐπί-
χαρτα, 160
ἐπιχαρῆ) signifies
τὸ
συν-
επιγελᾶν
τοῖς
ἀλλοτρίοις
κακοῖς.
158.
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158.
κίνυγμα: Eustathius on Il. iv. 281 says,
τοῦ
δὲ
κινύω
αὖθις
παράγω-
γον
τὸ
κινύσσω·
ἐξ
οὗ
παρ᾿
Αἰσχύλῳ
αἰθέριον
κίνυγμα,
τὸ
ἀέριον
εἴδωλον. It is formed like
αἴθυγμα from
αἰθύσσω,
αἴνιγμα from
αἰνίττομαι. Cp. Cho. 196
ἐκινυσσόμην, might be driven this way and that, might waver.
αἰθέριον
κίνυγμα (oscillum) is a thing waving in
mid-air. It applies to Prometheus in that he hangs in the open air with nothing for his feet to rest on.
161.
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161.
συνασχαλᾷ: from
συνασχα-
λάω, whereas
συνασχαλῶν 303 is future of
συνασχάλλω. Cp. Isocr. Iv. 181
συνοργισθῆναι
τοῖς
ἀδικηθεῖσιν, also
συμ-
πονεῖν 274 below, and
συγχαίρειν,
συνή-
δεσθαι. In all these,
συν- denotes sympathy with grief or joy.
162.
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162. The ancient form
τεός for
σός occurs now and then in the lyric por- tions of tragedy. In Aeschylus twice besides this place, Sept. 105, Frg. 66. Only the melic trimeter (162 = 181) admits, in Aeschylus, three resolutions in a single verse. Cp. Suppl. 111 = 123, Ag. 485, Cho. 44 = 55. A tribrach in the second foot is found in only one other verse of this play (715), and there in a proper name.
163.
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163.
θέμενος: cp. Il. ix. 629
ἄγριον
ἐν
στήθεσσι
θέτο
μεγαλήτορα
θυμόν, Tyrtaeus Frg. 11, 5
ἐχθρὰν
μὲν
ψυ-
χὴν
θέμενος, Theogn. 89
ἀλλὰ
φίλει
καθαρὸν
θέμενος
νόον
ἤ
μ᾿
ἀποειπὼν
ἔχθαιρε. –
ἄγναμπτον: instead of this, the metre demands a word which shall form two iambi. Cp. the anti- strophe 182. Probably H. L. Ahrens's conjecture,
ἀκνάμπετον, is to be received (cp.
ἄπευκτος and
ἀπεύχετος,
καμψίπους and
καμπεσίγουνος,
παναρκής and
πανάρκετος). With
ἄγναμπτον
νόον cp. Il. xxiv. 41
οὐδὲ
νόημα
γναμπτὸν
ἐνὶ
στήθεσσι. 170.
175
164.
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164 f.
δάμναται : an epic word; ac- tive in sense here and Od. xiv. 487
ἀλλά
με
χεῖμα
δάμναται, passive Suppl. 904, as in the Iliad. –
Οὐρα-
νίαν
γένναν : the race of Uranus. Cp. 205, and Frg. III. of the
Προμηθεὺς
λυόμενος below, Titanum suboles generata Caelo; also Il. v. 898
Οὐρανιώνων.
Οὐρανίαν is said like Ag. 83
Τυνδαρέα
θύγατερ, ibid. 1499
᾿Αγα-
μεμνονίαν
ἄλοχον,
Il.
xiv. 317
Ιξιονίης
ἀλόχοιο. See also 590 below.
166.
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166.
παλάμᾳ: coup de main, bold or sudden stroke. -
τινί : cp. Cho. 138
ἐλθεῖν
δ᾽
᾿Ορέστην
δεῦρο
σὺν
τύχῃ
τινὶ
κατεύχομαι, Soph.
Αi. 853
ἀρκτέον
τὸ
πρᾶγμα
σὺν
τάχει
τινί, Pind.
Οl. ix. 39
σύν
τινι
μοιριδίῳ
παλάμᾳ.
167.
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167.
ἡ
μὴν
ἔτι: cp. 907 below.
168.
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168.
ἐν: more vivid than the sim- ple dative of instrument. Cp. 562, 6, and see on 426. –
αἰκιζομένου: here passive; in active sense 195, 227, 256.
170.
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170.
νέον : new, and hence danger- ous. So Suppl. 341
πόλεμον
αἴρεσθαι
νέον. –
βούλευμα :
περὶ
τοῦ
ἔρωτος
τῆς
Θέτιδός
φησι, Schol. See Introduc- tion, pp. 9 and 17. - 'Id consilium hic subobscure et ambigue Prome- theus indicat; in quo magna cernitur
ars poetae, qui sic et attentionem spectatorum acuit et actionis trag- icae cursum, ne iusto citius ad finem perveniat, inhibet ac suspendit' (Schütz).
171.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-131
171.
ἀποσυλᾶται: the present is here used, without reference to time, to express simply the working out of a result. Cp. 764, 948.
172.
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172 ff.
οὔτε ...
τ᾿
οὔποτε: for
οὔτε ...
τε ср. 244, 260; and for
οὔτε ...
τ'
οὔ(ποτε) Soph. Ant. 763
ἔμοιγε ...
οὔθ᾽
ἥδ᾽
ὀλεῖται
πλησία
σύ
τ᾽
οὐδαμὰ
τοὐμὸν
προσόψει
κρᾶτα, Eur. Hipp. 302
οὔτε
γὰρ
τότε
λόγοις
ἐτέγγεθ᾽
ἥδε
νῦν
τ᾽
οὐ
πείθεται, Heracl. 605
οὔτε
τούτοις
ἥδομαι
πεπραγμένοις
χρησμοῦ
τε
μὴ
κρανθέντος
οὐ
βιώσιμον, Thuc. i. 126
οὔτ᾽
ἐκεῖνος
ἔτι
κατενόησε
τό
τε
μαν-
τεῖον
οὐκ
ἐδήλου.
Βy
οὔτε .. persuasion and force are contrasted. The change from
οὔτε to
τ᾽
οὔποτε accompanies the change in structure from
θέλξει
τo
πτήξας
κατμηνύσω.
Ε...
Τε Similarly in the example
from Soph. (Ant. 763) quoted above. -
μελιγλώσ
σοις: recalls Il. i. 249
τοῦ
καὶ
ἀπὸ
γλώσσης
μέλιτος
γλυκίων
ῥέεν
αὐδή. Cp. Eur. Frg. 891
εἴ
μοι
τὸ
Νεστόρειον
εὔγλωσσον
στόμα ...
δοίη
θεός. - The caesura after the second foot of the anapaestic tetrapody
(μελι-γλώσσοις) is not observed with absolute strict- ness before Euripides.
176.
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176.
χαλάσῃ: sc.
με. Here tran- sitive, but intransitive in 58 and 179. Cp.
λωφᾶν 27.
180.
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180.
ἐλευθεροστομεῖς : cp.
λαβρο-
στομεῖν 327,
θρασυστομεῖν Suppl. 203,
χαριτογλωσσεῖν 294 below.
181.
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181.
ἐρέθισε: see on 135. The tri- brach in the third foot here consists of three syllables which belong in one word; this is admissible only in the melic trimeter. See on 162 and on 2. The aorist as in
ἐγέλασα,
ἥσθην,
ἀπέπτυσα (1070 below). Krüger I, § 53, 6, 3; GMT. 60;
Н. 842,
182.
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182 f.
δέδια ...
πᾶ
πότε: see on
184.
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184. At 100 above, the figure is that of daybreak after darkness; here of reaching land after a stormy and perilous voyage. -
ἀκίχητα: an epic word. Cp. Il. xvii. 75
ἀκίχητα
διώκων.
185.
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185.
ἀπαράμυθον : with long a- priv- ative. So, in epic poetry,
ἀθάνατος,
ἀκάματος, from the necessities of the metre.
ἀθάνατος kept this measure- ment throughout, even in Attic po- etry.
186-192.
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186-192. This fourth anapaestic system does not correspond in length to the third (167-177), as the sec- ond (152 ff.) does to the first (137 ff.). Perhaps this is because it forms the close. Cp. Soph. Ai. 257 ff. Possibly, however, some verses have been lost. Weil assumes a gap after
ῥαισθῇ.
186.
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186 f.
παρ'
ἑαυτῷ
τὸ
δίκαιον
ἔχων: cp. 403, 150; also Eur. Suppl. 429
οὐδὲν
τυράννου
δυσμενέστερον
πόλει,
ὅπου
τὸ
μὲν
πρώτιστον
οὐκ
εἰσὶν
νόμοι
κοινοί,
κρατεῖ
δ᾽
εἷς
τὸν
νόμον
κεκτημένος
195.
200
αὐτὸς
παρ᾽
αὑτῷ, Aesch. Suppl. 370
σύ
τοι
πόλις,
σὺ
δὲ
τὸ
δάμιον. For
δίκαιον see on 150.
187.
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187.
ὀίω : =
οἶμαι (758), opinor, I trow, I hope. Cp.
11. viii. 536
ἀλλ᾿
ἐν
πρώτοισιν,
οίω,
κείσεται
οὐτηθείς. Here with short
4, as in Homer in the middle of the hexameter, while at the end
ὀtw is used.
189.
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189.
ταύτῃ
ῥαισθῇ: said with ref- erence to 169 f. See on 170. Prome- theus speaks mysteriously and in a tone of secret exultation over some- thing not disclosed. With
ταύτῃ cp.
τῶνδε 247.
190.
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190.
ἀτέραμνον: cp. 1062.
ἀτέραμ- vos is an Homeric word. Cp. Od. xxiii. 167
κῆρ
ἀτέραμνον. Hesych. defines it,
τὸ
μὴ
ἐνδιδοῦν,
σκληρόν. Cp.
ὀργὰς
ἀτενεῖς
Αg. 71. -
στορέσας : meta- phorical; the figure is that of calm- ing the waves after a storm.
191.
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191.
εἰς
ἀρθμὸν
καὶ
φιλότητα: so Hom. Hymn iii. 524
κατένευσεν
ἐπ᾿
ἀρθμῷ
καὶ
φιλότητι.
Cp. Il.
vii.
302
ἐν
φιλότητι
διέτμαγεν
ἀρθμήσαντε.
193-396.
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193-396. First Episode. 193- 283. First Scene: Prometheus and the Coryphaeus. The scholiast says:
τὴν
ὑπόθεσιν (that is, the expo- sition of the events supposed to pre- cede the opening of the play)
βουλό-
μενος
διδάξαι,
τὸ
περίεργον (curiosity)
τοῦ
γυναικώδους
ήθους
προσέλαβεν (availed himself of, as a motive).
οὐκ
ἂν
γὰρ
ὁ
᾿Ὠκεανds (who enters later)
ἠξίωσεν
ἐρωτῆσαι
εἰδώς. The curiosity of the chorus is a natural conse- quence of their awakened sympathy. Still it is to be observed that Prome- theus on his part is moved to tell his story by the longing to unburden his heart to sympathizing friends (see 198). He needs only the request in order to comply at once. - The Pro- logue and this first scene of the first episode constitute the first act of the drama, which expounds the situation and prepares the way for the follow- ing dramatic development.
196.
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196.
εἴ
τι
μή: cp. Pers. 157
θεοῦ
δὲ
καὶ
μήτηρ
ἔφυς,
εἴ
τι
μὴ
δαίμων
παλαιὸς
νῦν
μεθέστηκε
στρατῷ, Suppl. 1016
εἰ
ahaad.
205
210-
γάρ
τι
μὴ
θεοῖς
βεβούλευται
νέον. Cp.
763.-It is noteworthy that all the speeches of the coryphaeus (which exceed a single verse) consist of four verses (see 242, 259, 472, 507, 631, 819, 1036) except 698 f. The same tendency in the speeches of other persons, 393, 511, 522, 589, 609.
197.
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197 f.
ἀλγεινὰ
μέν ...
ἄλγος
δέ: for the anaphora, cp. 238 and Pers. 27
φοβεροὶ
μὲν
ἰδεῖν,
δεινοὶ
δὲ
μάχην.
200.
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200.
ὠροθύνετο : an epic word,
201.
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201.
οἱ
μὲν
θέλοντες: absolute nominative, used as if
δαίμονες
ἐν
ἀλλήλοις
ἐστασίαζον had preceded. Cp. Soph. Ant. 259
λόγοι
δ᾽
ἐν
ἀλλή-
λοισιν
ἐρρόθουν
κακοί,
φύλαξ
ἐλέγχων
φύλακα, Eur. Phoen. 1462
ἦν
δ᾽
ἔρις
στρατηλάταις,
οἱ
μὲν
πατάξαι
πρόσθε
Πολυνείκην
δορί,
οἱ
δ᾽
ὡς
θανόντων
οὐδα-
μοῦ
νίκη
πέλοι, Bacch. 1131
ἦν
δὲ
πᾶσ᾽
ὁμοῦ
βοή,
ὁ
μὲν
στενάζων
κτἑ. Krüger I. § 56. 9, 4. See also on 569 below.
202.
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202.
δήθεν: scilicet; here with. out the usual tinge of irony (986), or notion of pretence. So Eur. Ion 831
Ιων,
ἰόντι
δῆθεν
ὅτι
συνήντετο.
203.
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203.
ὡς
Ζεὺς
μήποτ᾿
ἄρξειεν
θεῶν : said instead of "that Cronus might remain in power," because the per- sonality of Zeus is uppermost in the speaker's mind.
204.
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204.
τὰ
λῷστα
πιθεῖν
Τιτάνας: on the double accusative, see Krüger I. § 46, 11, 2. - The aorists
ἔπιθον and
ἐπιθύμην are very frequent in tragedy.
205.
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205. Cp. Hes. Theog. 644
Γαίης
τε
καὶ
Οὐρανοῦ
ἀγλαὰ
τέκνα.
208.
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208.
ἀμοχθί: the sense is, "in their pride of heart, they thought easily to master their foe by sheer brute force, without tedious manoeuvres." -
πρὸς
βίαν: opposed to
αἱμύλας
μηχανάς. Cp. Hor. Carm. iii. 4, 65 vis consili expers mole ruit sua.
210.
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210.
πολλῶν
ὀνομάτων
μορφὴ
μία: said in order to explain the identifi- cation of Gaea and Themis (cp. 1091), whom the common tradition distin- guished as mother and daughter (so Hesiod Theog. 135, and Aeschylus himself in Eum. 2
Γαῖαν·
ἐκ
δὲ
τῆς
Θέμιν). In identifying the two, the poet seems to have followed a local Attic tradition, of which an Attic inscription,
Ἱερίας
Γῆς
Θέμιδος, affords
220. a hint. In Arcadia, Demeter had the cognomen Themis; Paus. viii. 25, 4. Themis in 874 is called
Ti-
τανίς, as being the mother of the Titans; the poet includes under the term
Τιτάν all who belong to the Titan race. Similarly Prometheus, the son of a Titan, is spoken of as
Τιτὰν
Προμηθεύς, Soph.
Ο. C. 56, Eur. Phoen. 1122, Ion 455. Aeschylus, having of his own invention made Prometheus a son of Themis, wished to guard against a possible feeling of bewilderment on the part of his spectators, that the functions given to Gaea in the cosmogonic accounts (see Hesiod Theog. 463, 470, 494, 626, 884) should be transferred outright to Themis.
211.
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211.
κραίνοιτο : present tense, be- cause the prophesier thinks of the future as already present. Cp.
τίθη-
σιν 848,
τελεῖται 929.
212.
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212. Cp. Soph. Phil. 594
ἡ
μὴν
ἢ
λόγῳ
πείσαντες
ἄξειν
ἢ
πρὸς
ἰσχύος
κράτος, and see Krüger I. § 68, 39, 8.
213.
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213.
δόλῳ
δὲ
τοὺς
ὑπερσχόντας : =
τοὺς
δὲ
δόλῳ
ὑπερσχόντας, subject ac- cusative to
κρατεῖν. A fuller and
more emphatic expression for simple
δόλῳ. The position of
δόλῳ is due to the antithesis. Cp. Eur. Andr. 215
Θρήκην
χιόνι
τὴν
κατάρρυτον, Soph.
Ο.
Τ. 139
ἐκεῖνον
ὁ
κτανών, Demosth. VIII. 28
ταῦτα
τοὺς
ἀδικοῦντας,
ΧΙν. 25
ταῦτα
δὲ
οἱ
κεκτημένοι. The aor- ist
ὑπερσχόντας stands in connexion with
χρείη
κρατεῖν, “those were des- tined to be victors who should have outdone their adversaries in craft."
215.
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215.
προσβλέψαι :
προσβλέπειν is used in the sense in which
ἀποβλέ-
πειν is more commonly employed.
216.
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216. Cp. Ag. 1053
τὰ
λῶστα
τῶν
παρεστώτων
λέγει, Ar.
Εq. 30
κράτιστα
τοίνυν
τῶν
παρόντων
ἐστὶ
νῷν
κτἑ.
217.
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217.
προσλαβόντι:
συναιρομένῳ
τῆ
μητρί, Schol. The dative in agree- ment with
μοί, whereas the following
ἕκοντα (necessarily accusative on ac- count of
ἕκοντι) connects itself more closely with the infinitive. G. 138, N. 8 b; H. 941. Observe that
προλα-
βόντα
μητέρα would have been an equivocal succession. In Soph. O. T. 353, after
ἐννέπω
σε . . .
προσαυδᾶν
μήτε
τούσδε
μήτ'
ἐμέ, comes the dative
ὡς
ὄντι
γῆς
τῆσδ᾽
ἀνοσίῳ
μιάστορι, be- cause
ὡς
ὄντα ...
μιάστορα might seem to refer to
ἐμέ. Cp. also Soph. El.
225
230 959
ἢ
πάρεστι
μὲν
στένειν ...
ἐστε-
ρημένῃ,
πάρεστι
δ᾽
ἀλγεῖν ...
ἄλεκτρα
γηράσκουσαν, Eur. Med. 1237
δέ-
δοκταί
μοι
παῖδας
κτανούσῃ
τῆσδ᾽
ἀφορμᾶσθαι
χθονὸς
καὶ
μὴ
σχολὴν
ἄγουσαν
ἐκδοῦναι
τέκνα (in both examples the accusative is used under influence of the metre).
219.
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219.
Ταρτάρου: cp. passages quoted in note on 152; also Hesiod Theog. 851
Τιτῆνές
θ᾽
ὑποταρτάριοι
Κρόνον
ἀμφὶς
ἐόντες.
μελαμβαθής: cp. 1029, 1050, Il. viii. 479
ἵν᾽
Ἰάπετός
τε
Κρόνος
τε
ἥμενοι
οὔτ᾽
αὐγῇς
Ὑπερίονος
ἠελίοιο
τέρποντ᾽
οὔτ᾽
ἀνέμοισι,
βαθὺς
δέ
τε
Τάρταρος
ἀμφίς.
221.
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221.
αὐτοῖσι
συμμάχοισι : cp. 1047. G. 188, 5, N.;
H. 774 a. The article is generally omitted in this idiom.
223.
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223.
κακαῖσι
ποιναῖς: sometimes, it is true,
ποινή (indemnity, requital) is used, like
ἄποινα, in a good sense; so Suppl. 625
λέξωμεν
ἐπ᾿
᾿Αργείοις
εὐχὰς
ἀγαθὰς
ἀγαθῶν
ποινάς, Cho. 792
δίδυμα
καὶ
τριπλᾶ
παλίμποινα
θέλων
ἀμείψει, Pind. Pyth. i. 113
ποινὰν
τεθρίππων, Nem. i. 107
ἡσυχίαν
καμάτων
μεγάλων
ποινάν. Here, however,
κακαῖσι is added not simply to show that
ποιναῖς has its bad meaning (pénalty), for that is sufficiently indicated by
ταῖσδε,
but rather to emphasize further the idea contained in
ταῖσδε
ποιναῖς, as it were
ταῖσδε
ποιναῖς,
κακαῖς
ποιναῖς. Cp. Soph. Phil. 477
σοὶ
δ᾽
ὄνειδος
οὐ
καλόν, Eur. Phoen. 94
φαῦλος
ψόγος. –
ἐξημείψατο : used in the sense in which
ἀνταμείβομαι is commonly said. See on 215.
229.
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229.
νέμει : see on 109,
θηρῶμαι. – According to Hesiod Theog. 881, at the conclusion of the conflict with the Titans, the Olympian gods, fol- lowing Gaea's suggestion, appoint Zeus as the sovereign of the gods:
ὁ
δὲ
τοῖσιν
ἐὺ
διεδάσσατο
τιμάς. Cp. ibid. 73
εὖ
δὲ
ἕκαστα
ἀθανάτοις
διέταξεν
ὁμῶς
καὶ
πέφραδε
τιμάς.
230.
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230.
διεστοιχίζετο :
διήρει, Schol.
διετίθετο
ἐν
στοίχῳ
καὶ
τάξει,
διήρει·
ἀπὸ
τῶν
εἰς
τοὺς
σηκοὺς
εἰσαγόντων
τὰ
ποιμνία
καὶ
διακρινόντων
ἐκ
τῆς
νομῆς
ἑκάστῳ
τὰ
ἴδια, Hesych.
232.
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232 f.
ἀιστώσας: see on 151 and 668. Aeschylus has taken the legend 235
240 of a succession of ages and races of men, and modified it to suit his own conceptions. See Introduction, p. 15.
234.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-168
234.
καὶ
τοῖσιν : the article retains its pronominal force most frequently in connexion with
καί,
δέ (cp. 816), and
γάρ. Krüger II. § 50, 1, 1-5.
235.
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235. On asyndeton in explanations see Krüger I. § 59, 1, 5. –
ἐξελυσά-
μην: of deliverance from an impend- ing disaster, not yet actually present. So Od. x. 286
ἀλλ᾽
ἄγε
δή
σε
κακῶν
ἐκλύσομαι
ἠδὲ
σαώσω, Eur. Andr. 818
θανάτου
νιν
ἐκλύσασθε.
236.
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236. The infinitive with
τὸ
μή fol- lows expressions signifying prevention, or any other action opposed to that expressed by the infinitive itself. Krüger I. § 67, 12, 2–4; GMT. 811. See also 865 below, Ag. 1170
ἄκος
δ'
οὐδὲν
ἐπήρκεσαν
τὸ
μὴ
(μὴ
οὐ ?)
πόλιν
μὲν
ὥσπερ
οὖν
ἔχει
παθεῖν, Pers. 291
ὑπερβάλλει
γὰρ
ἥδε
συμφορὰ
τὸ
μήτε
λέξαι
μήτ᾽
ἐρωτῆσαι
πάθη.
237.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-171
237.
τῷ : therefore, as in Homer. Cp. Soph. O.
Τ. 511
τῷ
ἀπ᾿
ἐμᾶς
φρενὸς
οὔποτ᾽
ὀφλήσει
κακίαν. See on 234. —
τοῖαῖσδε : in
τοιοῦτος,
τοιόσδε (see Sept. 27, Ag. 1075),
οἷος,
ποιῶ, the diphthong
οι is often shortened. Krüger II. § 3, 3, 1; H. 92 D, d. In such cases o was probably writ- ten;
ποεῖν is often found in inscrip- tions.
239.
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239.
ἐν
οἴκτῳ
προθέμενος :
προ- has its temporal meaning, though I began by showing compassion. Cp.
Ag. 1008
καὶ
τὸ
μὲν
πρὸ
χρημάτων
κτησίων
ὄκνος
βαλών, Eur.
Ion 914
χάριν
οὐ
προ-
λαβών. –
τούτου: i.e.
τοῦ
ἐν
οἴκτῳ
τίθεσθαι.
241.
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241.
ἐρρύθμισμαι: ironical, have been disciplined, brought to order.
Ζηνὶ...
θέα: appositional phrases like this, taking up the second half of a verse, are very effective; see 350, 461. ،
242.
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242. Iron' and 'stone' are, from Homer on, frequent designations of what is unfeeling or stubborn. In Il. xvi. 33 Patroclus says to Achilles,
νη-
λεές,
οὐκ
ἄρα
σοί
γε
πατὴρ
ἦν
ἱππότα
Πηλεὺς
οὐδὲ
Θέτις
μήτηρ·
γλαυκὴ
δέ
245
250
σε
τίκτε
θάλασσα
πέτραι
τ'
ἠλίβατοι,
ὅτι
τοι
νόος
ἐστὶν
ἀπηνής, imitated by Verg. Aen. iv. 366 duris genuit te cautibus horrens Cauca- sus Hircanaeque admorunt ubera tigres; see also Ecl. viii. 43.
Ср. Il. xxiv. 205
σιδήρειον
νύ
τοι
ἦτορ, Hesiod Theog. 239
Εὐρυβίην
τ᾽
ἀδάμαντος
ἐνὶ
φρεσὶ
θυμὸν
ἔχουσαν, Pind. Frg. 88
ὃς
μὴ
πόθῳ
κυμαίνε-
ται,
ἐξ
ἀδάμαντος
ἢ
σιδάρου
κεχάλκευ-
ται
μέλαιναν
καρδίαν, Aesch. Sept. 52
σιδηρόφρων
γὰρ
θυμὸς
ἀνδρείᾳ
φλέγων
ἔπνει, Eur. Med. 1279
τάλαιν',
ὡς
ἄρ᾽
ἦσθα
πέτρος
ἢ
σίδαρος,
ἅτις
KTE-
νεῖς, Cycl. 596
πέτρας
τὸ
λῆμα
κἀδά-
μαντος
ἕξομεν, Theocr. x. 7
Μίλων
ὀψαμᾶτα,
πέτρας
ἀπόκομμ᾽
ἀτεράμνω, Moschus iv. 44
μοχθίζει
πέτρης
ὁ
γ'
ἔχων
νόον
ἠὲ
σιδήρου
καρτερὸν
ἐν
στή-
θεσσι, Tibull. i. 1, 63 flebis: non tua sunt duro praecordia ferro vincta neque in tenero stat tibi corde silex, Ovid Amor. iii. 6, 59 ille habet et silices et vivum in pectore ferrum, Hor. Carm. i.
3,
9 illi ro- bur et aes triplex circa pec- tus erat. ..
246.
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246.
‘καὶ
μήν aut et vero, et sane aut atqui significat' (Her- mann ad Vigerum, 332). Here it means et sane (with emphasis on
φίλοις); in 459, 1080 it means et vero in 982, 985, atqui. - For the omission of
εἰμί see on 42.
247.
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247.
μή: cp. 959, Pers. 344
μή
σοι
δοκοῦμεν
τῇδε
λειφθῆναι
μάχη; The chorus inclines to account for the severity of the punishment by sup- posing a more heinous crime. -
τῶνδε : than what thou hast said; cp.
ταύτῃ 189.
248.
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248.
προδέρκεσθαι : foreseeing death is an evil, in that it benumbs man's energies and stupefies his faculties, since death is ever present before his eyes, and a fixed limit is set to his activity. By
προδέρκεσθαι
μόρον the poet means this anxious expecta- tion of death. A somewhat different conception appears in Plato Gorg. 523 d, where Zeus says,
πρῶτον
μὲν
οὖν
παυστέον
ἐστὶ
προειδότας
αὐτοὺς
τὸν
θάνατον.
νῦν
γὰρ
προΐσασι.
τοῦτο
μὲν
οὖν
καὶ
δὴ
εἴρηται
τῷ
Προμηθεῖ
ὅπως
ἂν
παύσῃ
αὐτῶν. Here it is stated that men are not to know beforehand when they are to die, so that they may not try to deceive the judges of the lower world by pre- meditated artifices, and by providing witnesses to testify in their behalf. Cp. also Hor. Carm. iii. 29, 29 pru- dens futuri temporis exi- tum caliginosa nocte premit deus.
249.
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249.
τὸ
ποῖον
κτἑ. : =
τὸ
φάρμακον
τῆσδε
νόσου
ποῖον
εὑρών; remedium quod huic morbo adhibuisti quale fuit? Is qui interrogat, audiendi studio id, quod alterum dicere vult, occupaturus ipse ora- tionem incohat, quam ab illo ab- solvi vult; ipse autem quia eam absolvere non potest, addit pronomen interrogativum' (Hermann ad Vige- rum 25). –
νόσου: cp. 384, 596, 606, 632, 977, 1069.
250.
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250. As in dealing with the myth of the golden and silver ages, 232, Aeschylus here uses great freedom in treating the myth of Pandora (Hesiod O. D. 94: see Introduction, p. 6), so that the original form of
the story is no longer recognizable, and only the deeper significance re- mains. Man, never deserted by Hope, strives ceaselessly for the attainment of his ends, unmindful of death and untroubled by the thought that he may be cut off before his goal is reached. Cp. Simonides Amorg. Frg. 1, 3
ἐφήμεροι
ἃ
δὴ
βότ᾽
αἰεὶ
ζῶμεν,
οὐδὲν
εἰδότες
ὅπως
ἕκαστον
ἐκτελευτή-
σει
θεός.
ἐλπὶς
δὲ
πάντας
κἀπι-
πειθείη
τρέφει
ἄπρηκτον
ὁρμαίνοντας, Soph. Ant. 615
ὁ
γὰρ
δὴ
πολύπλαγκτος
ἐλπὶς
πολλοῖς
μὲν
ὄνασις
ἀνδρῶν,
πολ-
λοῖς
δ᾽
ἀπάτα
κουφονόων
ἐρώτων.
252.
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252.
σφίν : =
αὐτοῖς, as in 457. Krüger II. § 51, 1, 19.
σφίσιν in this sense is Homeric (Krüger II. § 51, 1, 17), but occurs in tragedy only in 481 below.
253.
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253.
φλογωπόν: the brightness of the fire is put forward, as rendering it the more unfit for the
ἐφήμεροι. The addition of this emphatic word justi- fies the repetition of
πῦρ. Cp. Suppl.
508
ΒΑ.
λευρὸν
κατ᾿
ἄλσος
νῦν
ἐπιστρέ-
φου
τόδε.
ΧΟ.
καὶ
πῶς
βέβηλον
ἄλ-
σος
ἂν
ῥύοιτό
με ; –
ἐφήμεροι : see on 83. Even the chorus feels it to be wrong that men should receive what properly belongs to the gods.
254.
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254.
γέ: in answers, affirms by adding a further statement ("yes, and from it..."); cp. 258, 379, 746, 768, 774. –
ἀφ᾿
οὗ: cp. 170.
255.
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255 f. Prometheus interrupts the question by his answer, and to the simple answer
(αἰκίζεται) adds the significant statement
οὐδαμῇ
χαλᾷ
και
κῶν. By this addition the artifice for preserving the stichomythy is con- cealed, and the dialogue proceeds naturally. A more common device is the insertion of a question; this question is so connected in construc- tion with the interrupted sentence which precedes, that in answering it the speaker simply takes up his un- finished speech where he left it off. Thus Pers. 734
ΑΤ.
Ξέρξην
φασὶν.
ΔΑ.
πῶς
τελευτᾶν;
ΑΤ.
ἄσμενον
μο-
λεῖν.
257.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-184
257.
οὐδέ: cp.
καί in 253.
258.
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258. Ср. 376. A different state- ment is made in 756.
259.
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259.
δόξει
δὲ
πῶς:
δόξει stands first because it takes up the thought of the preceding
δοκῇ. Cp. Soph. El. 1429
ΧΟ.
λεύσσω
γὰρ
Αἴγισθον.
ΟΡ.
εἰσ-
ορᾶτε
ποῦ
τὸν
ἄνδρα;
260.
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260.
ἥμαρτες : a moral wrong is not meant, but only an act of im- prudence and mistaken judgment- rebellion, that is, against a superior adversary. This is clear from 266 and its explanation in 267.
262.
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262.
ἔκλυσιν
ζήτει
τινά: that is, by submission. Cp. 316 with 315.
263.
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263. Cp. Cho. 697
ἔξω
κομίζων
ὀλε-
θρίου
πηλοῦ
πόδα (where the scholiast remarks,
ἔξω
πηλοῦ
πόδα,
παροιμία), Soph. Phil. 1260
ἴσως
ἂν
ἐκτὸς
κλαυμά-
των
ἔχοις
πύδα, Eur. Heracl. 109
καλὸν
δέ
γ'᾽
ἔξω
πραγμάτων
ἔχειν
πόδα,
εὐβου-
λίας
τυχόντα
τῆς
ἀμείνονος. 265
270
264.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-190
264.
Cp. Eur. Alc. 1078
ῥᾷον
παραι-
νεῖν
ἢ
παθόντα
καρτερεῖν,
H. F. 1249
σὺ
δ᾽
ἐκτὸς
ὤν
γε
συμφορᾶς
με
νουθετεῖς, Terent. Andr. 309 facile omnes, quom valemus, recta con- silia aegrotis damus
265.
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265 f. With the words
ἐγὼ
δὲ
ταῦθ᾽
ἅπαντ᾿
ἠπιστάμην and
ἑκών Prome- theus rejects the charge of impru- dence, and restricts his
ἁμάρτημα to the disregard of
self-interest, as de- scribed in the next verse (267). So his 'error' is after all a noble ac- tion. –
ἑκὼν
ἑκών: repetition
(ἀva-
δίπλωσις) emphasizes expressions of sorrow, entreaty, and asseveration. Ср. 274, 338, 688, 694, 887, 894, 999; also 577, 594, and 392, 937. –
οὐκ
ἀρνήσομαι: this refers only to the word
ἥμαρτον. The sense is, "I will not object to your phrase
ἥμαρτες” (260), "I will not insist on another word."
267.
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267.
θνητοῖς
ἀρήγων: explanatory asyndeton. See on 235. –
ηὑρόμην : cp. Sept. 878
μελέους
θανάτους
ηὕροντο, Soph. Ai. 1023
καὶ
ταῦτα
πάντα
σοῦ
θανόντος
ηὑρόμην.
268.
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268 ff.
ᾠόμην...
με
κατισχνανεῖ-
σθαι . . .
τυχόντα: instead of
ᾠόμην
κατισχνανεῖσθαι
τυχών. Krüger I. § 55, 2, 3; H. 940 b. For Homeric exam- ples see Krüger II. § 51, 2, 1 and § 55, 2, 2. Cp. also Soph. Ai. 606
κακὰν
ἐλπίδ᾽
ἔχων
ἔτι
μέ
ποτ᾽
ἀνύσειν,
Ει. 65
καμ᾽
ἐπαυχῶ...
λάμψειν
ἔτι, 471
δοκῶ
με
πεῖραν
τήνδε
τολμήσειν
ἔτι, Eur. Alc. 641
καί
μ᾽
οὐ
νομίζω
παῖδα
σὸν
πεφυκέναι, Hdt. i. 34
ὅτι
ἐνόμισε
ἑωυτὸν (emphatic)
εἶναι
ἀνθρώ-
πων
ἁπάντων
ὀλβιώτατον, Plat. Rep. iii. 400 b
οἶμαι
δέ
με
ἀκηκοέναι, Isocr.
ιν. 85
οὐκ
ἐχθροὺς
ἀλλ᾽
ἀνταγωνιστὰς
σφᾶς
αὐτοὺς
εἶναι
νομίζοντες. -
κατι-
σχνανεῖσθαι: cp. 147. Future middle used like
aὐανοῦμαι, Soph. Phil. 954. Krüger I. § 39, 11. –
πεδαρσίοις : see 710, 916; Cho. 846
λόγοι
πεδάρσιοι
θρώσκουσι. This Aeolic form
(πεδά =
μετά) Aeschylus uses in a few other words:
πέδοικος Frg. 48,
πεδαίχμιος and
πεδάορος Cho. 589 f. –
ἐρήμου: cp. Frg. 305, 10
δρυμοὺς
ἐρήμους
καὶ
πά- 275
280
γους, Soph. Phil. 691
ἵν᾿
αὐτὸς
ἦν
πρόσουρος
οὐκ
ἔχων
βάσιν
οὐδέ
τιν'
ἐγχώρων
κακογείτονα.
271.
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271.
καί
μοι
κτέ.: and so bewail my lot no more, presupposing the thought "your admonitions are unavailing." ·
δύρεσθε:
δύρομαι =
ὀδύρομαι belongs to tragic diction.
272.
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272.
πέδοι
βᾶσαι: i.e. so as to listen more conveniently to a long narra- tion. A motive is thus provided for the descent of the chorus from its
ear into the orchestra.
βούλεται
γὰρ
στῆσαι
τὸν
χορὸν
ὅπως
τὸ
στάσιμον
ᾄσῃ, Schol.
273.
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273.
διὰ
τέλους: cp. Soph. Ai. 685
διὰ
τέλους
εὔχου
τελεῖσθαι. For the resolution see on 76. It is rendered easier by the fact that the chief cae- sura falls in the fourth foot (see on 2).
275.
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275.
νῦν: said in reference to the thought which follows,
"to-morrow your turn may come." -
ταὐτά: ad- verbial, nearly =
κατὰ
κοινόν, impar- tially, for all alike. See on 398, and cp. Soph. Ai. 687
ταὐτὰ
τῇδέ
μοι
τάδε
τιμᾶτε. Properly it is the inner object (cognate accusative).
276.
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276.
πρὸς
ἄλλοτ᾽
ἄλλον: for the order, see on 762 and 19. - For the
thought cp. Archil. Frg. 9, 7
ἄλλοτε
δ᾽
ἄλλος
ἔχει
τόδε·
νῦν
μὲν
ἐς
ἡμέας
ἐτράπεθ᾽,
αἱματόεν
δ᾽
ἕλκος
ἀναστένομεν,
ἐξαῦτις
δ᾽
ἑτέρους
ἐπαμείψεται, Pind. Ol. ii. 60
ῥοαὶ
δ᾽
ἄλλοτ᾽
ἄλλαι
εὐθυμιᾶν
τε
μέτα
καὶ
πόνων
ἐς
ἄνδρας
ἔβαν.
277-283.
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277-283. The anapaests of the chorus accompany the action of the machinery by which Oceanus is brought on the scene. See on 114-127.
277.
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277. Cp. Soph. Phil. 1178
φίλα
μοι,
φίλα
ταῦτα
παρήγγειλας
ἑκόντι
τε
πράσ-
σειν, Homer Il. iv. 73
ώτρυνε
πάρος
μεμαυῖαν
᾿Αθήνην. –
ἐπεθώυξας : see on 73.
279.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-201
279.
καί: and so, accordingly.
282.
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282 f.
πελῶ: future of
πελάζω.
πόνους . . .
διὰ
παντὸς
ἀκοῦσαι: as promised in 272. Compliance with this request follows much later, 755 ff. and in the speech beginning at 823. Curiosity and expectation are thus maintained.
284-396.
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284-396. Second Scene of the First Episode. Oceanus, father of the Oceanids, enters (from the right), mounted upon a winged steed
(τετρασκελής
οἰωνός 395) like 285.
290 Pegasus. The scholiast understands a griffin, because of this word
οἰωνός, but
sea-gods, in older Greek art, are often seen riding on hippocamps or
sea-horses. The machine here used was the
αἰώρημα, a sort of crane with hanging ropes, by which persons could be swung aloft, moved through the air, and let down again. The scholiast remarks,
καιρὸν
δίδωσι
τῷ
χορῷ
καθήκασθαι
(καθιμᾶσθαι ?)
τῆς
μηχανῆς
᾿Ὠκεανὸς
ἐλθών·
ὑπερβολῇ
δὲ
ἐχρήσατο,
ὅπου
γε
Ὅμηρος
οὐκ
εἰσήγα-
γεν
᾿Ὠκεανὸν
εἰς
τὸν
σύλλογον
τῶν
θεῶν (on this cp. Il. xx. 7
οὔτε
τις
οὖν
Ποταμῶν
ἀπέην
νόσφ᾽
᾿Ὠκεανοῖο). The anapaests of Oceanus accompany the descent of the chorus from their chariot into the orchestra. - This scene and the second episode form the second act, the beginning of the action which leads to the catastrophe. See on 307 and 436.
284.
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284.
δολιχῆς : an epic word. The way is long because Oceanus comes from the depths of the sea. Cp. 300 f.
285.
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285.
διαμειψάμενος : cp. Sept. 334
δια-
μεῖψαι
ὁδόν, 856
δι᾽
᾿Αχέροντ᾽
ἀμείβεται
τὰν
ναύστολον
θεωρίδα. ‘Dicendum erat
κέλευθον
διαμείβεσθαι, pro quo
τέρμα
κελεύθου dixit ratione habita verbi
ἥκω' (Dindorf). Cp. Eur. Phoen. 163
εἴθε
δρόμον
νεφέλας
ποσὶν
ἐξανύσαιμι
δι᾽
αἰθέρος
πρὸς
ἐμὸν
ὁμογενέ-
τορα.
286.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-206
286.
πτερυγωκή: formed like
πο-
δώκης. Cp.
ὠκύπτερος.
287.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-207
287.
γνώμῃ : 'admirationis augen- dae causa non brutus, sed mente ac ratione praeditus esse fingitur' (Schütz). In Il. xviii. 419, the golden handmaids of Hephaestus are endowed with reason, speech, and power of action; in Od. viii. 556, the ships of the Phaeacians sail
τιτυσκό-
μεναι
φρεσί, and we are told that
αὐταὶ
ἴσασι
νοήματα
καὶ
φρένας
ἀνδρῶν. As these ships need neither helms- man nor rudder, so Oceanus's steed needs no bit, because of its own ac- cord it obeys the will
(γνώμη) of its rider.
289.
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289 f.
τὸ
συγγενὲς
ἐσαναγκάζει : cp. 39. According to Hesiod Theog. 133, Oceanus is son of Uranus and
295.
309
305 Gaea, and the oldest of the Titans. See on 14. -
γένους : =
τῆς
συγγε-
νείας.
291.
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291 f.
ὅτῳ ...
νείμαιμι : without av, as Ag. 620
οὐκ
ἔσθ᾽
ὅπως
λέξαιμι, Cho. 172
οὐκ
ἔστιν
ὅστις
πλὴν
ἐμοῦ
κείραιτό
νιν, Il. xxii. 348
ὡς
οὐκ
ἔσθ᾽
ὃς
σῆς
γε
κύνας
κεφαλῆς
ἀπαλάλκοι, Soph. Phil. 692
οὐκ
ἔχων
βάσιν
οὐδέ
τιν᾿
ἐγχώρων
κακογείτονα,
παρ᾽
ᾧ
στόνον
ἀποκλαύ-
σειεν, Eur. Alc. 52
ἔστ᾽
οὖν
ὅπως
῎Αλ-
κηστις
εἰς
γῆρας
μόλοι; 117
οὐδὲ
ναυ-
κληρίαν
ἔσθ᾽
ὅποι TIS
αἴας
στείλας
δυστάνου
παραλύσαι
ψυχάν. GMT.241; Krüger II. § 54, 3, 8. –
μοῖραν
νεί-
μαιμι: cp. Hdt. ii. 172
ἐν
οὐδεμιῇ
μοίρῃ
μεγάλῃ
ἦγον, Plat. Crat. 398 b
μεγά-
λην
μοῖραν
καὶ
τιμὴν
ἔχει. This sense of dignity, station, rank was devel- oped from the meaning due share, just due. Cp. Soph. Trach. 1238
ἁνὴρ
ὅδ᾽,
ὡς
ἔοικεν,
οὐ
νεμεῖν
ἐμοὶ
φθίνοντι
μοῖραν.
294.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-210
294.
χαριτογλωσσεῖν : see on 180.
ἔνι
μοι : 'tis my nature; cp. 224.
296.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-211
296.
᾿Ὠκεανοῦ: instead of
ἐμοῦ,
:1
because the speaker is stating a fut- ure thought of Prometheus. This mention of his own name imparts an air of assurance to his asser- tion; cp. Soph. O. C. 626
κοὔποτ᾽
Οἰδίπουν
ἐρεῖς
ἀχρεῖον
οἰκητῆρα
δέξα-
σθαι. At the same time it serves the incidental purpose of inform- ing the spectators who the new- comer is.
298.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-212
298.
τί
χρήμα: cp. Ag. 1306, Cho. 885
τί
δ᾽
ἐστὶ
χρῆμα; Eur. Andr. 896, Suppl. 92, Hipp. 905, H. F. 525, Or. 1573
ἔα,
τί
χρῆμα;
299.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-213
299.
πόνων
ἐμῶν
ἐποπτής : see 118. –
ἐτόλμησας
λιπὼν
ἐπώνυμον
ῥεῦμα: cp. the scholion quoted on 284-396.
301.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-214
301.
αὐτόκτιτα : cp.
αὐτοφυής,
αὐτό-
χυτος,
αὐτόρριζος,
αὐτόξυλος, etc. -
ἄντρα: cp. 133. –
σιδηρομήτορα: cp. Il. viii. 47
Ἴδην
μητέρα
θηρῶν, Asty- damas Frg. 6 (p. 780, Nauck)
οἰνομή-
τορ᾽
ἄμπελον. Scythia is appropriately called "mother of iron"; cp. Sept. 817
Σκύθῃ
σιδήρῳ, Suid.
Χάλυβες·
ἔθνος
Σκυθίας,
ἔνθεν
ὁ
σίδηρος
τίκτεται. According to Hesiod (Clem. Alex. Strom. i. 307) and Aristotle (Plin. H. N. vii. 57. 197) the art of casting
310. bronze was invented by the Scythians. Cp. 714 below.
303.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-215
303.
συνασχαλῶν
κακοῖς: see on
ftare. 161.
304.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-216
304.
δέρκου: refers back to
θεωρή-
σων. See on 119.-
θέαμα: in the sense of
θέαμα
δυσθέατον
ὄμμασι (69). Cp. Plut. Ages. 14
θέαμα
τοῖς
Ἕλλη-
σιν
ἦσαν. –
τόνδε : of the speaker. So
ὅδε
ὁ
ἀνήρ =
ἐγώ is frequent in tragedy.
306.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-217
306.
κάμπτομαι: first person, in spite of
τόνδε
τὸν
Διὸς
φίλον above. Cp. Od. ii. 40
οὐκ
ἑκὰς
οὗτος
ἀνὴρ
ὃς
λαὸν
ἤγειρα,
Il.
x. 88
γνώσεαι
᾿Ατρείδην
᾿Αγαμέμνονα,
τὸν
περὶ
πάν-
των
Ζεὺς
ἐνέηκε
πόνοισι
διαμπερές,
εἰς
ὅ
κ᾿
ἀυτμὴ
ἐν
στήθεσσι
μένῃ
καί
μοι
φίλα
γούνατ᾽
ὀρώρῃ, Soph.
Ο. С. 1329
τῷδ᾽
ἀνδρὶ
τοὐμοῦ
πρὸς
κασιγνήτου
τίσιν, ibid. 284
ἀλλ᾽
ὥσπερ
ἔλαβες
τὸν
ἱκέτην
ἐχέγγυον,
ῥύου
με
κἀκφύλασσε, Trach. 1080
ὁρᾶτε
τὸν
δύστηνον
ὡς
οἰκτρῶς
ἔχω, Eur. Cycl. 299
νόμος
δὲ
θνητοῖς
ἱκέτας
δέχεσθαι
ἀμφὶ
βουπόροισι
πηχθέντας
μέλη
ὀβε-
λοῖσι
νηδὺν
καὶ
γνάθον
πλῆσαι
σέθεν, Dem. xvIII. 79
οὐδαμοῦ
Δημοσθένη
γέγραφεν
οὐδ᾽
αἰτίαν
οὐδεμίαν
κατ᾿
ἐμοῦ. وه
οὐκ
307.
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307. Respecting this hortatory speech of Oceanus the scholiast re- marks:
σκόπησον
τὰ
τῶν
ῥητόρων
καλὰ
παρὰ
πρώτοις
εὐρεθέντα
τοῖς
τραγικοῖς. The speaker seeks to influence Pro- metheus by friendly warnings and ad- vice, but his warnings are of such sort that a proud nature like Prometheus's can only be confirmed by them in its resistance. –
ὁρῶ,
Προμηθεῦ: cp. 144.
308.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-219
308.
ποικίλῳ:
συνετῷ, Schol. So Hesiod calls Prometheus
ποικίλος,
αἰο-
λόμητις Theog. 510,
ποικιλόβουλος ibid. 521,
ἀγκυλομήτης ibid. 546,
πάντων
πέρι
μήδεα
εἰδώς ibid. 559,
πολύιδρις ibid. 616.- With
καίπερ
ὄντι
ποικίλῳ cp. Il. i. 577
μητρὶ
δ᾽
ἐγὼ
παράφημι
καὶ
αὐτῇ
περ
νοεούσῃ
πατρὶ
φίλῳ
ἐπίηρα
φέρειν
Διί.
309.
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309.
γίγνωσκε
σαυτόν:
γνῶθι
σαυ-
τόν,
ὡς
ὁ
ποιητὴς :
φράζεο,
Τυδείδη
καὶ
χάζεο
(ΙΙ.
ν. 440), Schol.
μεθάρμο-
σαι: cp. Eur. Alc. 1157
νῦν
γὰρ
με-
θηρμόσμεσθα
βελτίω
βίον
τοῦ
πρόσθεν.
315
310.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-221
310.
νέους: proleptic, =
ὥστε
νέους
εἶναι. Cp. Eur. Iph.
Α. 343
μεταβαλὼν
ἄλλους
τρόπους.
311.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-222
311.
τεθηγμένους: for the meta- phor cp. Sept. 715
τεθηγμένον
τοί
μ'
οὐκ
ἀπαμβλυνεῖς
λόγῳ, Soph. Ai. 584
γλῶσσά
σου
τεθηγμένη.
312.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-223
312.
ῥίψεις: hurl forth.
Cр. 932,
Αg. 1068
οὐ
μὴν
πλέω
ῥίψασ' (flinging to waste)
ἀτιμασθήσομαι, Eur. Alc. 679
νεανίας
λόγους
ῥίπτων
ἐς
ἡμᾶς.
314.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-224
314.
παιδιάν: cp. Terent. Eun. 300 ludum iocumque dicet fuisse illum alterum, praeut huius rabies quae dabit.
317.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-225
317.
ἀρχαῖα :
old-fashioned;
ср.
Ar.
Νub. 984
ἀρχαῖά
γε
καὶ
Διπολιώδη
καὶ
τεττίγων
ἀνάμεστα, Cic. Philipp. i. 10. 25 neglegimus ista et ni- mis antiqua et stulta duci- mus.
319.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-226
319.
τἀπίχειρα : properly “hand- money”
(τὰ
ὑπὲρ
τὸν
μισθὸν
διδόμενα
τοῖς
χειροτέχναις, Hesych.). Here
320
325
it means wages, as in Ar. Vesp. 581
ταύτης
ἐπίχειρα, Plat. Rep. 608 c
τὰ
μέγιστα
ἐπίχειρα
ἀρετῆς
καὶ
προκεί-
μενα
ἆθλα. Cp. Soph. Ant. 820
οὔτε
ξιφέων
ἐπίχειρα
λαχοῦσα. On the sen- timent the scholiast remarks,
γνωμικῶς
δέ
φησι. Cp. 329, Pind. Ol. i. 85
ἀκέρ-
δεια
λέλογχεν
θαμινὰ
κακαγόρους, Eur. Bacch. 385
ἀχαλίνων
στομάτων
ἀνόμου
τ᾽
ἀφροσύνας
τὸ
τέλος
δυστυχία, Frg. 5
εἰ
μὴ
καθέξεις
γλῶσσαν,
ἔσται
σοι
κακά.
320.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-227
320.
ταπεινός: sc.
εἶ. See on 42. –
εἴκεις
κακοῖς: cp. 179, Soph. Ant. 471
δηλοῖ
τὸ
γέννημ᾽
ὠμὸν
ἐξ
ὠμοῦ
πατρὸς
τῆς
παιδός·
εἴκειν
δ᾽
οὐκ
ἐπίστα-
ται
κακοῖς.
321.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-228
321.
δé: can stand as fourth word when the three foregoing words form one idea, or belong very closely to- gether (thus preposition, article, and noun, here and 381). For the thought cp. Pers. 531
μὴ
καί
τι
πρὸς
κακοῖσι
προσθῆται
κακόν, Soph. Phil. 1265
μῶν
τί
μοι
νέα
πάρεστε
πρὸς
κακοῖσι
πέμπον-
τες
κακά,
Ο.
Τ. 667
εἰ
κακοῖς
κακὰ
προσάψει
τοῖς
πάλαι
τὰ
πρόσφατα, Phil- emon, Meineke Frag. Com. IV. p. 34
κακὰ
πρὸς
τοῖς
κακοῖσιν
οὗτος
ἕτερα
συλλέγει.
323.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-229
323.
πρὸς
κέντρα
κῶλον
ἐκτενεῖς : paraphrase of the proverb
πρὸς
κέντρα
λακτίζειν
(κέντρον = stimulus, goad for driving oxen and horses). Cp. Ag. 1624
πρὸς
κέντρα
μὴ
λάκτιζε,
μὴ
πταίσας
μογῆς, Pind. Pyth. ii. 173
ποτὶ
κέντρον
δε
τοι
λακτιζέμεν
τελέθει
ὀλισθηρὸς
οἶμος, Eur. Bacch. 795
θύοιμ᾽
ἂν
αὐτῷ
μᾶλλον
ἢ
θυμούμενος
πρὸς
κέντρα
λακτί-
ζοιμι
θνητὸς
ὢν
θεῷ, Frg. 607
πρὸς
κέν-
τρα
μὴ
λάκτιζε
τοῖς
κρατοῦσί
σου.
324.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-230
325.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-231
325.
πειράσομαι
ἐάν
δύνωμαι: cp.. Il. xviii. 601
πειρήσεται,
αἴκε
θέῃσιν, xiii. 806
ἐπειρᾶτο,
εἴ
πώς
οἱ
εἴξειαν, Plat. Leg. 638
ε
πειρώμενος,
ἂν
ἄρα
δύνωμαι
δηλοῦν. GMT. 489.
327.
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327.
λαβροστόμει: cp. Soph. Ai. 1147
τὸ
σὸν
λάβρον
στόμα.
ΙΙ. xxiii. 474
λαβρεύεαι.
328.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-233
328.
ἢ
οὐκ: synizesis of these par- ticles is especially frequent. See Krüger II. § 13, 6, 2. –
ἀκριβῶς : here = exceedingly. Hesych.
ἀκριβῶς ·
ἄκρως. For the characteristic pleonasm, cp. 944, Pers. 794
τοὺς
ὑπερπόλλους
ἄγαν, Il. vii. 39
οἰόθεν
οἷος, 97
αἰνόθεν
αἰνῶς. –
περισσόφρων : see on 308.
329.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-234
329.
προστρίβεται: a blunt meta- phor. Cp. Ar.
Εq. 5
πληγὰς
ἀεὶ
προσ-
τρίβεται
τοῖς
οἰκέταις.
330
335
330.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-235
330 ff.
ζηλῶ
σε: thou art to be en- vied, thou canst thank fortune. –
καὶ
τετολμηκώς : having so much as of fered. For
καί cp. 197, for
τετολμηκώς 381. Prometheus means, "one might expect that the mere disposition to show me sympathy would bring Zeus's displeasure on you."
πάντων gives no good sense; Weil writes
πόνων
μετα-
σχεῖν (cp. 274), following the scholion
ἐμοὶ
συναλγῶν. The sense would be best satisfied by
τούτων
μετασχεῖν. –
ἔασον: let it be, have done, as in Soph.
Ο. C. 593
ὅταν
μάθης
μου,
νουθέτει,
τὰ
νῦν
δ᾽
ἔα. Cp. the phrase
ἔα
τοῦτο.
333.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-236
333 f.
πάντως ...
οὐ: see 1053, Eur. Hipp. 1062
πάντως
οὐ
πίθοιμ᾽
ἄν. –
εὐπιθής :
cр. 34. –
ὁδῷ : errand. See 325. For the dative cp.
λόγῳ 196. The alliteration of enhances the force of these two verses.
336.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-237
336. On asyndeton in clauses that state the reason, see Krüger II. § 59, 1,7.
—ἔργῳ
κοὐ
λόγῳ: cp. 1080.
337.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-238
337.
ὁρμώμενον: sc.
με. Cp. 176.
338.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-239
338. See on 266. –
αὐχῶ:
Ι flatter myself. See on 688, and cp. Eur. Med. 582
γλώσσῃ
γὰρ
αὐχῶν
τἄδικ᾽
εὖ
περιστελεῖν.
339.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-240
340.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-241
340 f.
τὰ
μέν: the sentence takes a slight turn, and instead of
τὰ
δέ (on the other hand),
ἀτάρ follows.
342.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-242
342.
μάτην
οὐδὲν
ὠφελῶν : cp. Cho. 881
καθεύδουσιν
μάτην
ἄκραντα
βάζω. —
ὠφελεῖν often takes the dative, not only in dramatic poetry (Krüger II. § 46, 8, 2), but even in prose; so Hdt. ix. 103
προσωφελέειν
ἐθέλοντες
τοῖς
Ἕλλησι.
343.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-243
343.
καὶ...
θέλοις: there is a shade of contemptuous doubt in these words.
345
350
344.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-244
344.
“σαυτὸν
ἐκποδὼν
ἔχων: and keep out of the matter. Cp. Xen. Cyr. vi. 1. 37
οἱ
δὲ
φίλοι
προσιόντες
συμβου-
λεύουσιν
ἐκποδὼν
ἔχειν
ἐμαυτόν.
345.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-245
345.
εἵνεκα: epic form of
ἕνεκα, used by the tragedians for the sake of the metre, like
ξεῖνος for
ξένος,
κεινός for
κενός,
κεῖνος for
ἐκεῖνος,
εἱλίσσειν (138, 1085) for
ἑλίσσειν,
μοῦ- vos (804, see on 543) for
μόνος.
346.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-246
346.
πλείστοισι
πημονὰς
τυχεῖν : cp. Pers. 706
ἀνθρώπεια
δ᾽
ἄν
τοι
πήματ᾽
ἂν
τύχοι
βροτοῖς. - The scholiast says,
Προμηθικῶς·
οὐ
γὰρ
κατὰ
τὸν
ἀνθρώπινον
λογισμὸν
πολλοὺς
αὑτῷ
συνατυχεῖν
βού-
λεται
ὁ
Προμηθεύς. (The commoner feeling is expressed by the proverb solamen miseris socios habu- isse malorum.) The poet uses this thought to introduce a matter quite foreign to the play. From the mention of Atlas he passes to the de- scription of Typhon, and this enables him to bring in the eruption of Aetna (367-369). ...
347.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-247
347.
οὐ
δῦτ᾽,
ἐπεί: cp. Soph. O. C. 431
εἴποις
ἂν
ὡς
θέλοντι
τοῦτ᾽
ἐμοὶ
τότε
πόλις
τὸ
δῶρον
εἰκότως
κατήνεσεν.
οὐ
δῆτ᾽,
ἐπεί
τοι
τὴν
μὲν
αὐτίχ᾽
ἡμέραν
οὐδεὶς
ἔρωτος
τοῦδ᾽
ἐφαίνετ᾽
ὠφελῶν, Eur. Heracl. 505
αὐτοὶ
δὲ
προστιθέντες
ἄλλοισιν
πόνους,
παρόν
σφε
σῶσαι,
φευ-
ξόμεσθα
μὴ
θανεῖν;
οὐ
δῆτ᾽,
ἐπεί
τοι
καὶ
γέλωτος
ἄξια
κτέ., also Alc. 555. - The thought, which forms the transi- tion to the following description, is this: "I will not involve others in my misfortunes; the afflictions of my brother Atlas and of Typhon distress me sorely as it is." - For the following, cp. Hesiod Theog. 517
῎Ατλας
δ᾽
οὐρανὸν
εὐρὺν
ἔχει
κρατερῆς
ὑπ᾿
ἀνάγκης,
πείρασιν
ἐν
γαίης,
πρόπαρ
Εσπερίδων
λιγυφώνων
ἑστηώς,
κεφαλῇ
τε
καὶ
ἀκαμάτοισι
χέρεσσιν·
ταύτην
γάρ
οἱ
μοῖραν
ἐδάσσατο
μητίετα
Ζεύς.
348.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-248
348.
πρὸς
ἑσπέρους
τόπους: that is, far toward the west,
πρός with accusative, because the speaker thinks of the direction which one must take to reach the place. Cp. Frg. 327
Αἴγινα
δ᾽
αὕτη
πρὸς
νότου
κεῖται
πνοάς, Od. xiii. 240
ἠμὲν
ὅσοι
ναίουσι
πρὸς
ἠῶ
τ'
ἠέλιόν
τε
ἠδ᾽
ὅσσοι
μετόπισθε
ποτὶ
ζόφον
ἠερόεντα. ...
τοῦτον
349.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-249
349. Pindar Pyth. i. 35 calls Aetna
α
κίων
οὐρανία, and just so Hdt. iv. 184 says of Mount Atlas,
ἔστι
δὲ
στει-
νὸν
καὶ
κυκλοτερὲς
πάντῃ,
ὑψηλὸν
δὲ
οὕτω
δή
τι
λέγεται
ὡς
τὰς
κορυφὰς
αὐ-
τοῦ
οὐκ
οἷά
τε
εἶναι
ἰδέσθαι
κίονα
τοῦ
οὐρανοῦ
λέγουσι
οἱ
ἐπιχώριοι
εἶναι. A mountain rising into the clouds seemed to the imagination a pillar supporting the vault of the sky. See Verg. Aen. iv. 247. This 'bearer'
(ἄτλας) in the legend be- came a Titan, who as punishment for his sins had to carry the burden of the sky upon his shoulders (see the passage of Hesiod quoted just above). Conversely, colossal crea-
tures are compared to mountain- peaks; thus in Od. x. 113 the queen of the Laestrygones is described,
τὴν
δὲ
γυναῖκα
εὗρον
ὅσην
τ᾿
ὄρεος
κορυφήν, and in Od. ix. 191 Poly. phemus resembles
ῥίῳ
ὑλήεντι
ὑψη-
λῶν
ὀρέων. – In Homer, however, we read, Od. i. 53,
ἔχει (sc.
῎Ατλας)
δέ
τε
κίονας
αὐτὸς
μακράς,
αἳ
γαῖάν
τε
καὶ
οὐρανὸν
ἀμφὶς
ἔχουσιν. Here the orig- inal conception of supporting pillars still remains, and the pillars are not entirely replaced by a personal Atlas. The 'columns which keep earth and sky apart' still exist as such, and Atlas is only the person who 'holds' them. Aeschylus has followed Homer. In view of the familiar Homeric pas- sage he says briefly
κίον
οὐρανοῦ
τε
καὶ
χθονός, leaving the office of the pillar,
γαῖαν
τε
καὶ
οὐρανὸν
ἀμφὶς
ἔχειν, to be understood; this office, indeed, is partly fulfilled by Atlas's own per- son standing on the earth.
351.
mvp-aeschylus-tlg0085-tlg003-wecklein-allen1893-com-eng1-250
351.
τὸν
γηγενή: cp. Hesiod Theog. 820
αὐτὰρ
ἐπεὶ
Τιτῆνας
ἀπ᾿
οὐρανοῦ
ἐξ-
έλασε
Ζεύς,
ὁπλότατον
τέκε
παῖδα
Τυ-
φωέα
Γαῖα
πελώρη,
ἐκ
δέ
οἱ
ὤμων
ἦν
ἑκατὸν
κεφαλαὶ
ὄφιος,
δεινοῖο
δράκοντος. Typhoeus is a personification of the subterranean vapors and gases which cause earthquakes and volcanic out- breaks. In the following description of Typhon (or Typhos) it is the poet rather than Prometheus who is speak- ing. The description itself is very like that of Pindar, Pyth. i. 30
ὅς
τ'
ἐν
αἰνᾷ
Ταρτάρῳ
κεῖται,
θεῶν
πολέμιος
Τυφὼς
ἑκατοντακάρανος·
τόν
ποτε
Κιλί-
κιον
θρέψεν
πολυώνυμον
ἄντρον·
νῦν
γε
360
μὰν
ταί
θ᾽
ὑπὲρ
Κύμας
ἁλιερκέες
ὄχθαι
Σικελία
τ᾿
αὐτοῦ
πιέζει
στέρνα
λαχνά-
εντα·
κίων
δ᾽
οὐρανία
συνέχει,
νιφόεσσ᾽
Αἴτνα. –
Κιλικίων
οἰκήτορα
ἄντρων: the scholiast remarks,
οἰκήσαντα
μὲν
ἐν
Κιλικία,
κολασθέντα
δὲ
ἐν
Σικελία
(80 in Pindar). In Homer Il. ii. 781
γαῖα
δ᾽
ὑπεστενάχιζε
Διὶ
ὡς
τερπικεραύνῳ
χωομένῳ
ὅτε
τ᾿
ἀμφὶ
Τυφωέι
γαῖαν
ἱμάσσῃ
εἰν
᾿Αρίμοις,
ὅθι
φασὶ
Τυφωέος
ἔμμεναι
εὐνάς, the story has another form. For the Homeric
Τυφωέος
εὐνάς Pindar, probably following Sicilian accounts, employs the very different phrase,
τόν
ποτε
Κιλίκιον
θρέψεν
πολυώ-
νυμον
ἄντρον. In this way the name Typhon, which originally pertained to the volcano in Asia Minor, is brought into connexion with the Sicilian volcano Aetna. Aeschylus has used this form of the story.
352.
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352.
ἰδὼν
ᾤκτειρα: this reminds one of Od. xi. 582
καὶ
μὴν
Τάνταλον
εἰσεῖδον
χαλέπ᾽
ἄλγε᾽
ἔχοντα. -
δάιον : applied to Typhon, this characterizes the destructive nature of the volcanic element. Cp. Sept. 222
πυρὶ
δαΐῳ.
353.
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353.
ἑκατογκάρανον : Typhon has this epithet in the
above-cited pas- sage of Pindar; cp. also Ol. iv. 11
ἑκατογκεφάλα
Τυφῶνος
ὀμβρίμου, The 'hundred heads' meant originally darting tongues of flame; this is more clearly brought out in Hesiod Theog. 825
ἑκατὸν
κεφαλαὶ
ὄφιος
δεινοῖο
δράκοντος,
γλώσσῃσι
δνοφερῇσι
λελιχμό- TES.
354.
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354.
πᾶσι
δέ:
δέ in transition to narrative, as in Sept. 568
ἕκτον
λέγοιμ'
ἂν
ἄνδρα
σωφρονέστατον
ἀλκήν
τ᾽
ἄρι-
στον,
μάντιν
᾿Αμφιάρεω
βίαν·
Ὁμολωΐσιν
δὲ
πρὸς
πύλαις
τεταγμένος
κακοῖσι
βάζει
κτέ.
Εp. 366.
