Pol.
It must be.
Soc.
And what from wickedness and injustice? If you are not ready for that offhand, consider it thus: whither and to whom do we take those who are in bodily sickness?
Pol.
To the doctor, Socrates.
Soc.
And whither the wrongdoers and libertines?
Pol.
To the law-court, do you mean?
Soc.
Yes, and to pay the penalty?
Pol.
I agree.
Soc.
Then is it not by employing a kind of justice that those punish who punish aright?
Pol.
Clearly so.
Soc.
Then money-making relieves us from poverty,
478b
medicine from disease, and justice from licentiousness and injustice.
Pol.
Apparently.
Soc.
Which then is the fairest of these things?
Pol.
Of what things, pray?
Soc.
Moneymaking, medicine, justice.
Pol.
Justice, Socrates, is far above the others.
Soc.
Now again, if it is fairest, it causes either most pleasure or benefit or both.
Pol.
Yes.
Soc.
Well then, is it pleasant to be medically treated, and do those who undergo such treatment enjoy it?
Pol.
I do not think so.
Soc.
But it is beneficial, is it not?
Pol.
Yes.
Soc.
Because one is relieved of a great evil, and hence it is worth while to endure the pain and be well.
Pol.
Of course.
Soc.
Is this then the happiest state of body for a man to be in—that of being medically treated—or that of never being ill at all?
Pol.
Clearly, never being ill.
Soc.
Yes, for what we regarded as happiness, it seems, was not this relief from evil, but its non-acquisition at any time.
Pol.
That is so.
Soc.
Well now, which is the more wretched of two persons who have something evil either in body or in soul, he who is medically treated and is relieved of the evil, or he who is not treated and keeps it?
Pol.
To my thinking, he who is not treated.
Soc.
And we found that paying the penalty is a relief from the greatest evil, wickedness?
Pol.
We did.
Soc.
Because, I suppose, the justice of the court reforms us and makes us juster, and acts as a medicine for wickedness.
Pol.
Yes.
Soc.
Happiest therefore is he who has no vice in his soul, since we found this to be the greatest of evils.
Pol.
Clearly so.
Soc.
Next after him, I take it, is he who is relieved of it.
Pol.
So it seems.
Soc.
And that was the man who is reproved, reprimanded, and made to pay the penalty.
Pol.
Yes.
Soc.
Hence the worst life is led by him who has the vice and is not relieved of it.
Pol.
Apparently.
Gorgias. Plato. Walter Rangeley Maitland Lamb (Translator). Cambridge, MA. 1925.
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