Plato Protagoras 314

Walter Rangeley Maitland Lamb (Translator)

Protagoras. Plato. Walter Rangeley Maitland Lamb (Translator). Cambridge, MA. 1924.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

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Current edition Perseus

Protagoras (English) (Plato in Twelve Volumes, Vol. 2. Lamb, W.R.M., translator. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1924 (printing).)

Editions (1)
Πρωταγόρας Perseus (Platonis Opera, Tomus III: Tetralogia V-VII. Burnet, John, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903.) — 314 focus

Commentary

Commentary on Plato, Protagoras (Plato. Platonis Protagoras. Adam, James; Adam, Adela Marion, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1921.) focus

κυβεύῃς τε καὶ κινδυνεύῃς . Cobet rejects τε καὶ κινδυνεύῃς , but Plato often puts metaphor and interpretation side by side. Cf. below 314B ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ψυχῇ λαβόντα καὶ μαθόντα (where Deuschle wrongly rejected καὶ μαθόντα ); 334D σύντεμνέ μοι τὰς ἀποκρίσεις καὶ βραχυτέρας ποίει ; Euthyd. 297C πολὺ γάρ πού εἰμι φαυλότερος τοῦ Ἡρακλέους, ὃς οὐχ οἶός τε ἦν τῇ τε ὕδπᾳ διαμάχεσθαι, σοφιστπίᾳ οὔσῃ καὶ διὰ τὴν σοφίαν ἀνιείσῃ, εἰ μίαν κεφαλὴν ἀροτμηθείη τοῦ λόγου, ρολλὰς ἀντὶ τῆς μιᾶς, καὶ καπκίνῳ τινὶ ἑτέπῳ σοφιστῇ . . . ὃς ἐρειδὴ αὐτὸν ἐλύρει οὕτως ἐκ τοῦ ἐπ’ ἀριστερὰ λέγων καὶ δάκνων κτλ.; Lach. 194C χειμαζομένοις ὲν λόγῳ καὶ ἀποροῦσιν; Theaet. 174C εἰς φρέατά τε καὶ πᾶσαν ἀπορίαν ἐμπίπτων. See also note on τοὺς τῶν νέων τὰς βλάστας διαφθείροντας in Euthyphr. 3A .

παρὰ τοῦ καπήλου καὶ ἐμπόρου : so B. The κάπηλος is put in the foreground as the most usual seller of σιτία and ποτά : the article is expressed only once, because the κάπηλος and ἔμπορος both belong to the same genus ‘merchants’: cf. Hdt. IV. 71 τὸν οἰνοχόον καὶ μάγειρον καὶ ἱπποκόμον καὶ διήκονον καὶ ἀγγελιηφόρον κτλ. There is no sufficient ground for bracketing the words παρὰ τοῦ καπήλου καὶ ἐμπόρου as is done by Schanz, nor for reading παρά του (with T) and omitting καπήλου καὶ ἐμπόρου , as Hermann did.

ἐν ἄλλοις ἀγγείοις : i.e. other than our own bodies. Cf. 311E τί ὄνομα ἄλλο γε λεγόμενον περὶ Πρωταγόρου ἀκούομεν ; It need not be implied that the body is itself an ἀγγεῖον (viz. of soul), though the notion is not unplatonic, and kindred expressions are found in later philosophy, e.g. Marcus Aurel. X. 38 τὸ περικείμενον ἀγγειῶδες καὶ τὰ ὀργάνια ταῦτα τὰ περιπεπλασμένα (said of the body).

ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ψυχῇ λαβόντα καὶ μαθόντα. λαμβάνειν ἐν(not εἰς ) as in Rep. VII. 517A εἴ πως ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ δύναιντο λαβεῖν; Soph. 243C ταὐτὸν τοῦτο πάθος εἰληφότες ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ. For καὶ μαθόντα , which is explanatory of ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ψυχῇ λαβόντα , see note on κυβεύῃς τε καὶ κινδυνεύῃς .

νέοι ὥστε τοσοῦτον . Heindorf quotes Eur. Andr. 80 γέρων ἐκεῖνος ὥστε σ’ ὠφελεῖν παρών , and points out that whereas νεώτεροι ἢ ὥστε would deny altogether ἡ τοῦ διελέσθαι δύναμις , the words νέοι ὥστε are less strong; nobis nonnisi iuvenilis quaedam facultas suppetit ad tantam rem diiudicandam . The best MSS. of Plato read ταὐτόν, τοιοῦτον, τοσοῦτον , etc., in the great majority of cases rather than ταὐτό , etc. Schanz (Preface to Laws, p. vi) thinks it probable that Plato always used the forms in ‐ν . In inscriptions of Plato's time τὸ αὐτό and τὸ αὐτόν occur side by side, but apparently only τοιοῦτον, τοσοῦτον . See Meisterhans, Grammatik der Griechischen Inschriften 2 , p. 122.

Ἱππίας . Hippias of Elis was one of the most accomplished and—if we may trust the Platonic writings—ostentatious of the Sophists. According to the Hippias Maior (285B ff.) he claimed to be at home in all the learning of the day—in Astronomy, Geometry, Arithmetic, Philology, Music, Mythology, History and Archaeology. See Zeller's Philosophie der Griechen, I 4 , 956 ff.

οἶμαι δὲ καὶ Πρόδικον τὸν Κεῖον . Contrast Crat. 402B οἶμαι δὲ καὶ Ἡσίοδος. Either construction is admissible. Prodicus of Ceos is repeatedly mentioned in the Platonic writings. A fellow-citizen of the poet Simonides (below, 339E , he professed like Gorgias and Hippias to educate young men ( Apol. 19E , Theages, 127E, Rep. X. 600C ) and received very large sums in return for his instruction together with the gratitude of his pupils. On one occasion, when in charge of a political mission from Ceos, he is said to have won great reputation in the βουλή at Athens for his conduct of public business, and to have given at the same time private lectures, which were popular and well paid ( Hipp. Maior, 282C). He laid great stress on the importance of using words in their correct sense ( ὀρθότης ὀνομάτων ): see below, 337A 358A and Euthyd. 277E , Charm. 163D, Lach. 197D; cf. also Phaedr. 267B ; but this was only taught (we are told) in his 50-drachma lecture; the impecunious Socrates had only paid one drachma and was not quite master of this subject ( Crat. 384B ). Socrates is fond of professing himself a pupil of Prodicus, e.g. below, 341A Meno, 96D , Charm. 163D. Prodicus wrote eulogies of Heracles and others ( Symp. 177B ): the substance, if not the actual words, of his Apologue of Heracles at the cross-roads is given by Xenophon, Mem. II. 1. 21. A scholiast on Rep. X. 600C says the Athenians put him to death by hemlock for corrupting the youth, but there is no other authority for this unlikely story. Cf. Zeller, I 4 , 952 ff.

κινδυνεύει—ἄχθεσθαι . Present, because the dialogue is narrated just after it took place (see 309B , and as Protagoras is still with Callias, the stream of visitors probably continues. It is not quite clear why the number of the sophists should have made the porter annoyed with the visitors, unless the visitors themselves were sophists. Probably therefore τοῖς φοιτῶσιν means τοῖς φοιτῶσιν σοφισταῖς : in the porter's judgement the house was already too full of sophists. φοιτᾶν implies frequent visitation: cf. Lach. 181C χρῆν μὲν οὖν καὶ πρότερόν σε φοιτᾶν αὐτὸν παρ’ ἡμᾶς καὶ οἰκείους ἡγεῖσθαι.

ἐκρούσαμεν τὴν θύραν . There was a metal knocker ( ῥόπτρον, κόραξ, ἐπίσπαστρον ) on the αὔλειος θύρα . Blümner, Gr. Privatalt. p. 149.

οὐ σχολὴ αὐτῷ . For αὐτῷ ‘the master’ cf. below, 315B Rep. I. 327B ἠρόμην ὅπου αὐτὸς εἴη, and the Pythagorean αὐτὸς ἔφα ipse dixit .

ἀμφοῖν τοῖν χεροῖν . So B: T has ταῖν for τοῖν . Cobet has shown that the dual feminine of the article is the same as the dual masculine: Variae Lectiones, p. 70.

ἐκρούομεν , but ἐκρούσαμεν in l. 9. Socrates pretends to be somewhat staggered by the rebuff.

ἐγκεκλῃμένης . So Bekker for ἐγκεκλειμένης of B: the Attic form is κλῄω not κλείω : Cobet, Var. Lect. p. 159.

ἅνθρωπος . According to Ast, the Greeks sometimes used ἀνήρ and ἄνθρωπος without the article of a definite person sed ita ut vel contemptionem vel reprehensionem aliquam simul indicarent . But in the cases quoted in support of this usage where the word is in an oblique case, the meaning is quite general like the English ‘a man’, e.g. Rep. X. 596C δεινόν τινα λέγεις καὶ θαυμαστὸν ἄνδρα; Phaedo, 98B ὁρῶ ἄνδρα τῷ μὲν νῷ οὐδὲν χρώμενον; Soph. Phil. 1228 ἀπάταισιν αἰσχραῖς ἄνδρα καὶ δόλοις ἑλών ; Theaet. 155D ἐάν σοι ἀνδρός, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀνδρῶν ὀνομαστῶντῆς διανοίας τὴν ἀλήθειαν—συνεξερευνήσωμαι: it is therefore safer to suppose (with Schanz and most Platonic scholars) that where ἀνήρ and ἄνθρωπος of the MSS. can only be translated by ‘the man’, the rough breathing should be restored: e.g. below, 315E and Phaedr. 267A , 268C; Rep. I. 331E .

προστῴῳ . The αὐλή was surrounded by cloisters. This προστῷον is doubtless that on which the passage from the πρόθυρον opened.