Aristophanes Clouds 379

Clouds. Aristophanes. . 2026-09-08.

Current edition Experimental

Commentary (Sanjaya, generated; selected passages) (OCR draft) (English) (Source: pnadelofficial/aristophanes-sanjaya, commit c319590c139e5603e71f0699caa0663d823af8ad. Machine-generated source annotations retained; see Sanjaya import audit for coverage and limitations.)

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (1)
Νεφέλαι Perseus (Aristophanes. Aristophanis Comoediae, Vol. 1. Hall, F. W. and Geldart, William M., editors. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906.) — 356-477 focus
Translations (2)
Clouds Perseus (Aristophanes. The Comedies of Aristophanes, Vol. I. Hickie, William James, translator. Bohn: London, 1853.) — 392 focus
English (Sanjaya, generated; selected passages) (OCR draft) Experimental (Source: pnadelofficial/aristophanes-sanjaya, commit c319590c139e5603e71f0699caa0663d823af8ad. Machine-generated source annotations retained; see Sanjaya import audit for coverage and limitations.) — 392 focus

Commentary

Commentary (Sanjaya, generated; selected passages) (OCR draft) (Source: pnadelofficial/aristophanes-sanjaya, commit c319590c139e5603e71f0699caa0663d823af8ad. Machine-generated source annotations retained; see Sanjaya import audit for coverage and limitations.) focus

379. mvp-tlg0019-tlg003-sanjaya-com-eng1-26

Line 379

ὁ δʼ ἀναγκάζων ἐστὶ τίς αὐτάς, οὐχ ὁ Ζεύς, ὥστε φέρεσθαι;
The construction ὁ δʼ ἀναγκάζων ἐστὶ τίς introduces a specific syntactic tension: the definite article with the participle (ὁ ἀναγκάζων) functions as a substantive subject ('the one who forces'), yet it is immediately followed by the indefinite interrogative pronoun τίς ('is who?'). This creates a rhetorical structure where the speaker posits an unknown agent of compulsion before explicitly denying Zeus as that agent. The particle ὥστε here does not introduce a result clause in the standard sense (which would typically follow an adjective or verb of causing), but rather serves to extend the inquiry into the consequences of this identification, effectively meaning 'so that [one might ask]: who is it?' This usage of ὥστε to introduce a rhetorical question following a substantive clause is a distinct Aristophanic device, blurring the line between causal result and logical inquiry, characteristic of the play's dialectical style where Socrates' reasoning is often reduced to absurdity through such syntactic ambiguity.