Homer Iliad 13.1

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WHEN now the Thunderer on the sea-beat coast
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Had fix'd great Hector and his conquering host,
He left them to the fates, in bloody fray
To toil and struggle through the well-fought day.
Then turn'd to Thracia from the field of fight 1
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Those eyes that shed insufferable light,
To where the Mysians prove their martial force,
And hardy Thracians tame the savage horse;
And where the far-fam'd Hippemolgian 2 strays,
Renown'd for justice and for length of days.
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Thrice happy race! that, innocent of blood,
From milk innoxious seek their simple food:
Jove sees delighted; and avoids the scene
Of guilty Troy, of arms, and dying men:
No aid, he deems, to either host is given,
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While his high law suspends the powers of heaven.

Iliad. Homer. London. 1863.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Current edition Experimental

English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (1)
Ἰλιάς Perseus (Homer. Homeri Opera, Volumes 1-2. Monro, D. B. (David Binning), editor; Allen, Thomas W. (Thomas William), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920.) — 13.1 focus
Translations (8)
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad, Volume 1-2. Murray, A. T. (Augustus Taber), translator. London: William Heinmann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1924-1925.) — 13.1 focus
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad of Homer, rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Butler, Samuel, 1835-1902, translator. London: Longmans, Green, and Co, 1898.) — 13.1 focus
English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020)) — 13.1 focus
Now when Zeus had thus brought Hector and the Trojans to the ships, he left them to their never-ending toil [ ponos], and turned his keen eyes away, looking elsewhere towards the horse-breeders of Thrace, [5] the Mysians, fighters at close quarters, the noble Hippemolgoi, who live on milk, and the Abians, most just of humankind. He no longer turned so much as a glance towards Troy, for he did not think that any of the immortals would go and help either Trojans or Danaans.
English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870)) — 13.1 focus
WHEN Jove had brought the Trojans and their chief,
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Hector, beside the ships, he left them there
To toil and struggle and endure, while he
Turned his resplendent eyes upon the land
Of Thracian horsemen, and the Mysians, skilled
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To combat hand to hand, and the famed tribe
Of long-lived Hippomulgi, reared on milk,
And the most just of men. On Troy no more
He turned those glorious eyes, for now he deemed
That none of all the gods would seek to aid
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Either the Greeks or Trojans in the strife.
The monarch Neptune kept no idle watch;
For he in Thracian Samos, dark with woods,
Aloft upon the highest summit sat,
O'erlooking thence the tumult of the war;
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For thence could he behold the Idean mount,
And Priam's city, and the Grecian fleet.
There, coming from the ocean-deeps, he sat,
And pitied the Greek warriors put to rout
Before the Trojans, and was wroth with Jove.
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Soon he descended from those rugged steeps,
And trod the earth with rapid strides; the hills
And forests quaked beneath the immortal feet
Of Neptune as he walked. Three strides he took,
And at the fourth reached Ægæ, where he stopped,
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And where his sumptuous palace-halls were built,
Deep down in ocean, golden, glittering, proof
Against decay of time. These when he reached,
He yoked his swift and brazen-footed steeds,
With manes of flowing gold, to draw his car,
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And put on golden mail, and took his scourge,
Wrought of fine gold, and climbed the chariot-seat,
And rode upon the waves. The whales came forth
From their deep haunts, and frolicked round his way:
They knew their king. The waves rejoicing smoothed
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A path, and rapidly the coursers flew;
Nor was the brazen axle wet below.
And thus they brought him to the Grecian fleet.
English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843)) — 13.1 focus
English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857)) — 13.1 focus
English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey)) — 13.1 focus
English (F. W. Newman, 1856) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (F. W. Newman, 1856)) — 13 focus

Notes on the current edition

Iliad

1. The Poet being desirous to stay the further success of the Trojans, represents Jupiter as turning aside his eyes, which gives Neptune an opportunity to assist the Greeks, and thereby causes all the adventures of this book.
2. The Hippemolgi were a people of Scythia. Their name signifies "living on the milk of mares."
3. Neptune.
4. Probably an island of that name in the Ægean sea is meant.

New Alexandria Commentaries

Douglas Frame

contrast between the end of Book 12/segment of Books 9-12 and the beginning of Book 13/segment of books 13-16, where the suspense is diminished by Zeus’ becoming distracted

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comparison of the openings of the expansions in Nestor’s story with other Homeric verses (the similarity of the expansions to Homeric formulas, here, variations of the formulaic patter esti de tis)

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example of laos as referring to one’s own in contexts where there is a contrast between “leader(s)” and those who “follow”

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Gregory Nagy

The momentum of the Trojan onslaught led by Hector intensifies here, and the prospects of the Achaeans look grim, almost hopeless. Hector is so successful that he feels tempted, toward the end of Rhapsody 13, to equate himself with immortal gods. Meanwhile, the intensity of the narrative keeps pace, and the poetic virtuosity approaches the sublime.

draft js image errorHector and Polydamas. After a drawing by John Flaxman. Image via Wikimedia Commons.

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Poseidon’s grand entrance here, as he drives his chariot team to the scene of battle, is comparable to other narratives about ceremonial arrivals by divinities. See HC 1§145, with a line drawing of an image painted on an Attic red-figure pyxis lid: unattributed, dated at around 425–375 BCE, Copenhagen, National Museum, 731. The image shows three goddesses—Hērā, Athena, and Aphrodite—arriving at the Judgment of Paris in their chariots drawn by customized chariot teams. Hērā is driving two horses; Athena, two serpents; and Aphrodite, two boyish Erōtes. Figure 10a shows the whole image, while Figure 10b shows a detail from that image.

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On the two warriors who are jointly named here by way of the dual form Aiante, see especially the comment on I.12.335–336.

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As noted in the comment on I.01.091, the meaning of the verb eukhesthai as ‘declare’ has to do with speaking for the record in the form of ‘boasting’ or ‘praying’ or ‘juridically declaring’ (Muellner 1976). According to the speaker here, who is the god Poseidon himself in the guise of Kalkhas, Hector aspires to be immortal by way of ‘boasting’, as expressed by the verb eukhesthai, that he is the son of the god Zeus.

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The reference here to the lesser Ajax shows that the dual Aiante at I.13.046–047 refers in this case to the greater and the lesser Ajax together, not to the greater Ajax and to his bastard brother Teukros. See the comment at I.12.335–336.

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As at I.05.795, the heroes are simply ‘reviving’. As for intimations of a mystical revival from death, there is still more to say: see the comments on I.16.456–457.

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analysis of Janko’s argument that the manuscript reading δ’ἑκάθεν at Il. XIII.107 is “superior” to OCT edition, which replaces δ’ἑκάθεν with δὲ ἑκάς on the basis of its older form and appearance at Il. V.791 (Janko 1990.332-334)

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In the words of the god Poseidon, it is conceded that Agamemnon is aitios ‘responsible’, I.13.111, for having ‘dishonored’ Achilles, I.13.113, as expressed by the verb a-tīmân.

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note that of 150 mentions of Aristarchean diórtōsis that Laum counted (Laum 1928.62) only this one reference refers to an accentual variation [MRBTP: A]

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reference to Aristarchus’ apparent belief that Homer was an Athenian who lived around 1000 BC. See Proclus F a 58-62 Severyns, cf. Life of Homer p. 244.13, p. 247.8 Allen [MRBTP: A]

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In this context, as also at I.13.201, the referents for the dual Aiante are Ajax the greater and Teukros, his bastard brother.

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See the note on I.13.197.

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Here the reference of Aiante shifts away from referring to the pair of Ajax the greater and Teukros. That is because the spotlight on the action shifts from Teukros to Ajax the lesser, so that the lesser Ajax can now become, retroactively, the implied second member of the dual Aiante.

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See anchor comment at I.05.077–078.

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The fear is expressed that the invading Achaean warriors could die nōnumnoi ‘nameless’ at Troy. On the connotations, which can be seen by way of comparing the Hesiodic Works and Days 146–155, see the comment on I.12.079.

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Leonard Muellner

in the context of analyzing the only place in the Homeric corpus where a dative noun after eukhesthai is not a god/gods (but Hektor, and this verse among references to his ‘godhead’)

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analysis of eukhesthai in genealogy statements as not used of false or speculative genealogy

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in a list of attestations of genos eukhesthai einai and its transformations

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comment on the etiquette of naming conventions, the omission of one’s own name in geneē-speeches vs. mentioning another’s name in such contexts, and stating one’s own name as a sign of special fame (in the context of analyzing genos eukhesthai einai formulas)

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in the context of comparing Homeric and Vedic poetic media, here regarding the genealogical statement with diuas putra/Dios pais (as in this verse)

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comment on the anomaly of the verse

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example of a common formula with a different half-line following it nine other times (the poetics of the battle-books as promoting the preservation of archaisms and stimulating the innovatory usage of a half of a formula outside its conventional context)

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Richard Martin

The exchange between the disguised Poseidon and Idomeneus illustrates the "recalled-speech" strategy in flyting. To the god's challenge, "Where are now the threats gone, with which the sons of the Achaeans threatened Trojans?" (13.219-20), Idomeneus replies, "No man is now responsible, as much as I know. For we all know how to war" (13.222-23). The first speech fits the pattern already seen in Achilles' address to the Myrmidons (16.200-201), and the reply attempts to answer the implied contrast between former boasts and present immobility, as if Idomeneus knows the full pattern of such flyting speeches even though it is not explicit here. This comparison shows that Agamemnon's speech in Book 19 answering a past rebuke (rather than a rebuke in the present that refers to the past) is a variation on the conventional flyting pattern—and that the neikos words still rankle in Agamemnon's mind (Martin 1993:73-74).

For the broader analysis of the flyting genre and the recalled-speech strategy, see the comment on Iliad 4.336-421.

References

Martin, R. P. 1993. The Language of Heroes: Speech and Performance in the Iliad. Ithaca.

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