Homer Iliad 5.239

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They spake, and, climbing the magnificent car,
Turned toward Tydides the swift-footed steeds.
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The noble son of Capaneus beheld,
And said in winged words to Diomed: -
"Tydides Diomed, most dear of men!
I see two warriors, strong, immensely strong,
Coming to combat with thee. Pandarus
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Is one, the skilled in archery, who boasts
To be Lycaon's son; and by his side
There comes Æneas, glorying that he sprang
From the large-souled Anchises, -borne to him
By Venus. Mount we now our car and leave
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The ground, nor in thy fury rush along
The van of battle, lest thou lose thy life."
The brave Tydides, with a frown, replied: -
"Speak not of flight; thou canst not yet persuade
My mind to that. To skulk or shrink with fear
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In battle ill becomes me, and my strength
Is unexhausted yet. It suits me not
To mount the chariot; I will meet the foe
Just as I am. Minerva will not let
My spirit falter. Ne'er shall those swift steeds
310
Bear the two warriors hence, - if even one
Escapes me. One thing more have I to say;
And keep it well in mind. Should Pallas deign-
The wise, forecasting Pallas - to bestow
On me the glory of o'ercoming both,
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Stop thy swift horses, and tie fast the reins
To our own chariot, and make haste to seize
The horses of Æneas, guiding them
Hence from the Trojan to the Grecian host;
For they are of the stock which Jupiter
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The Thunderer gave to Tros. It was the price
He paid for Ganymede, and they, of all
Beneath the eye of morning and the sun,
Are of the choicest breed. The king of men,
Anchises, stealthily and unobserved,
325
Brought to the coursers of Laomedon
His brood-mare, and obtained the race. Six colts,
Their offspring, in his courts were foaled. Of these,
Four for himself he kept, and in his stalls
Reared them, and two of them, both apt for war,
330
He gave Æneas. If we make them ours,
The exploit will bring us honor and renown."
Thus they conferred. Meantime their foes drew near,
Urging their fiery coursers on, and first
Lycaon's eminent son addressed the Greek: —
335
"My weapon, swift and sharp, the arrow, failed
To slay thee; let me try the javelin now,
And haply that, at least, may reach its mark."
He spake, and, brandishing his massive spear,
Hurled it against the shield of Diomed.
340
The brazen point broke through, and reached the mail.
Then shouted with loud voice Lycaon's son:-
"Ha! thou art wounded in thy flank; my spear
Bites deep; nor long, I think, canst thou survive,
And great will be my glory gained from thee."
345
But thus the valiant Diomed replied,
Incapable of fear: "Thy thought is wrong.
I am not wounded, and I well perceive
That ye will never give the conflict o'er
Till one of you, laid low amid the dust,
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Pour out his blood to glut the god of war."

Iliad. Homer. Boston. 1870.

Current edition Experimental

English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870) (OCR draft) (English) (English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (1)
Ἰλιάς Perseus (Homer. Homeri Opera, Volumes 1-2. Monro, D. B. (David Binning), editor; Allen, Thomas W. (Thomas William), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920.) — 5.239 focus
Translations (8)
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad, Volume 1-2. Murray, A. T. (Augustus Taber), translator. London: William Heinmann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1924-1925.) — 5.239 focus
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad of Homer, rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Butler, Samuel, 1835-1902, translator. London: Longmans, Green, and Co, 1898.) — 5.274 focus
English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020)) — 5.239 focus
They then mounted the chariot and drove full-speed [240] towards the son of Tydeus. Sthenelos, shining son of Kapaneus, saw them coming and said to Diomedes, “Diomedes, son of Tydeus, man after my own heart, I see two heroes speeding towards you, [245] both of them men of might the one a skilful archer, Pandaros son of Lykaon, the other, Aeneas, whose father is Anchises the blameless, while his mother is Aphrodite. Mount the chariot and let us retreat. Do not, [250] I pray you, press so furiously forward, or you may get killed.”
English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857)) — 5.239 focus
And now both heroes mount the glittering car;
The bounding coursers rush amidst the war.
Their fierce approach bold Sthenelus espied,
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Who thus, alarm'd, to great Tydides cried:
English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843)) — 5.239 focus
English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857)) — 5.239 focus
English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey)) — 5.239 focus
English (F. W. Newman, 1856) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (F. W. Newman, 1856)) — 5 focus

New Alexandria Commentaries

Douglas Frame

analysis of Enuō in the Iliad in the context of discussing the Mykenaean war goddess found in “Tsountas’ House”

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analysis of Apollo’s anger at Diomedes

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Gregory Nagy

The momentum of the war is spirited, and the fighting mood of the warriors verges on overreaching. An outstanding example is Diomedes, who already owns a glorious past as a conquering hero in the epic tradition known as the Sons of the Seven against Thebes or Epigonoi. Now in the epic present of the Iliad he has a chance to outdo himself, performing deeds so glorious that they would outshine perhaps even the deeds of Achilles, who is now out of the picture. The successes of Diomedes reach the point where he is capable of feats that are superhuman, as when he lifts a rock that even two humans today could not budge—or as when he wounds the god of war himself, Ares, and then, shortly thereafter, the goddess of love and sexuality, Aphrodite. But such momentum is not to last, and the antagonism of Diomedes toward divinities will have its consequences.

draft js image error“Aeneas and Diomedes.” Wenceslaus Hollar (Bohemian, 1607–1677). Image via Wikimedia Commons.

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At the moment of his death here, the hero’s menos ‘mental power’ is released from his body, and this moment of release is expressed metaphorically by way of the verb luein ‘release’. Just as a horse is released from being harnessed to the chariot that it draws, as at I.05.369, so too the menos is released from the body. On metaphor, see the inventory of Words and Ideas. In the present context, the noun psūkhē ‘spirit’ is used as a synonym of menos.

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The epithet Dios thugatēr / thugatēr Dios ‘daughter of Zeus’, applied here to Aphrodite, can signal the beneficence of such goddesses toward privileged heroes like, in this case, Aeneas.

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Leonard Muellner

analysis of other gods’ interference in the fighting after Ares has withdrawn on Athena’s urging as only to restrain and defend

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analysis of philotēs and timē going together with this passage as an example

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