Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus 362

Thomas Francklin (Translator)

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Messenger
Oh ! 'twas a scene of wonder. How he left
This place, and, self-conducted, led us on,
Blind as he was, ye all remember well.
Soon as he came to where the craggy steep
With brazen steps leads to the hollow gulf,
1590
Where various paths unite, a place renowned
For the famed league of Theseus and his friend,
Between Acherdus and the Thracian rock,
On a sepulchral stone he sat him down ;
1595
Pulled off the lilthy weeds he long had worn,
And bade his daughters instantly prepare
The bath and splendid garb ; with hasty steps
To Ceres' neighbouring altar they repair
1600
Obedient, bring the vessel, and the robe
Funereal. All things done as custom bids
For dying men, sudden a dreadful clap
Of thunder shook the ground ; the virgins trembled,
And clinging fearful round their father's knees
Beat their sad breasts, and wept. Soon as he heard
The sound portentous, he embraced his daughters :
" Children," he cried, " your father is no more;
No longer shall you lead a life of pain.
1610
No longer toil for QEdipus, Alas !
'Twas dreadful to you, but this day, my children,
Shall end your sorrows and my life together.
Never did father love his daughters more
1615
Than I have loved ; but henceforth you must live
Without your Qlldipus. Farewell for ever ! "
He spake, and long, in sad embraces joined,
1620
They wept aloud ; at length did clamorous grief
1620
To silent sorrow yield, and all was still ;
When suddenly we heard a voice that oft
Repeated, " CEdipus, why this delay?
Where art thou, (Edipus? " The wretched king,
Attentive to the call of Heaven, desired
That Theseus might be sent for ; Theseus came.
When thus the dying exile : "0 my friend !
Give me thy hand, my daughters give him yours;
Let this, my dearest Theseus, be the pledge
1630
Of amity between you ; promise here
That you will ne'er forsake my hapless children,
But henceforth cherish, comfort, and protect them."
The generous king, in pity to their woes,
1635
Vowed to perform what (Edipus desired.
The father threw his feeble arms around
Tlis weeping children. "You," he cried, "must learn
To bear your sutterings with an equal mind,
1640
And leave this place ; for not to mortal eye
Is given to see my future fate. Away !
Theseus alone must stay, and know it all."
This did we hear him utter as we stood
Attentive ; when his duteous daughters left him,
And went their way, we wept, and followed them.
Soon we returned, but CEdipus was gone ;
The king alone remaining, as if struck
With terror at some dreadful spectacle,
1650
Had with his hand o'er- veiled his downcast eye ;
A little after, we beheld him bend
In humble adoration to the earth,
And then to heaven prefer his ardent prayer.
1655
How the poor exile perished none can tell
But Theseus ; nor the fiery blast of Jove
Destroyed, nor sea o'erwhelmed him, but from heaven
Some messenger divine did snatch him hence,
Or power infernal bade the pitying earth
Open her peaceful bosom to receive him ;
Without a groan, disease, or pain he fell.
'Twas wondrous all ; to those who credit not
This strange report, I answer, 'Tis most true.

Oedipus at Colonus. Sophocles. Thomas Francklin (Translator). London. 1758–1759.

Current edition Experimental

English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 362 focus
ζητοῦσα τὴν σὴν ποῦ κατοικοίης τροφήν,
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 254-509 focus
Translations (4)
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 362 focus
THE
897
Then one of you run to the altar-foot
Hard by, and haste the people from the rite,
Horsemen and footmen at the height of speed
To race unto the parting of the roads
Where travellers from both gorges wont to meet.
900
Lest there the maidens pass beyond our reach
And I be worsted by this stranger’s might
And let him laugh at me. Be swift! Away!
—For him, were I as wroth as he deserves,
He should not go unpunished from my hand.
905
But now he shall be ruled by the same law
He thought to enforce. Thou goest not from this ground
Till thou hast set these maids in presence here;
Since by thine act thou hast disgraced both me
And thine own lineage and thy native land,
910
Who with unlicensed inroad hast assailed
An ancient city, that hath still observed
Justice and equity, and apart from law
Ratifies nothing; and, being here, hast cast
Authority to the winds, and made thine own
915
Whate’er thou wouldst, bearing it off perforce,—
Deeming of me forsooth as nothing worth,
And of my city as one enslaved to foes
Or void of manhood. Not of Thebe’s will
Come such wild courses. It is not her way
920
To foster men in sin, nor would she praise
Thy doing, if she knew that thou hast robbed
Me and the gods, dragging poor suppliant wights
From their last refuge at thy will—I would not,
Had I perchance set foot within thy land,
925
Even were my cause most righteous, have presumed,
Without consent of him who bore chief sway,
To seize on any man, but would have known
How men should act who tread on foreign soil.
Thou bring’st disgrace on thine own mother state
930
All undeservedly, and the lapse of years
Hath left thee aged, but not wise—Again
I bid those maids now to be brought with speed,
Unless thou would’st be made a sojourner
In Athens by compulsion. This I speak
935
Not with my lips alone, but from my will.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 385 focus
Du hattest Hoffnung also, daß die Götter mein
380
Gedenken werden, daß mir Rettung einst erscheint?
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 362 focus
Oedipus
His voice, O king, is to a father's ear
Most hateful: urge me not perforce to yield.
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 254-507 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-1079-1 ὑφηγητῆρος 1

mvp-comment-1080-1 καταρράκτην 2

mvp-comment-1081-1 χαλκοῖς βάθροισι 3

mvp-comment-1081-2 γῆθεν 5

mvp-comment-1082-1 πολυσχίστων 6

mvp-comment-1083-1 κοίλου … κρατῆρος 7

mvp-comment-1083-2 Θησέως 8

mvp-comment-1084-1 Περίθου 9

mvp-comment-1084-2 κεῖται … ξυνθήματα 10

mvp-comment-1084-3 Others understand:

"where the compact has been made "
( κεῖται =pf. pass. of
τίθημι
),—a lively way of saying,
"was made,"
ἐτέθη
: but this is improbable.— Wecklein conjectures Περίθῳ καλεῖται :
"where men say that the compact of Th. with P. was made"
: the dat. as Tr. 668
τῶν σῶν Ἡρακλεῖ δωρημάτων
: the verb as Simonides fr. 107
ἔνθα καλεῖται...Ἀρτέμιδος...τέμενος
. (Cp. on O. T. 1451 .) This idiom, however, elsewhere always refers to places , not to acts.

mvp-comment-1085-1 (1) With L's

ἐφ’ οὗ
:
" At which (the
κρατήρ"
) he halted, midway between
the other objects. Cp. Il. 22.153
ἔνθα δ’ ἐπ’ αὐτάων πλυνοὶ εὐρέες ἐγγὺς ἔασιν
, at the springs. With
ἐφ’
, L's μέσου is possible;
"at which, midway as it is."
(2) With Brunck's
ἀφ’ οὗ
, it becomes necessary to read μέσος . The
κρατήρ
is then one of four points from which the point denoted by
μέσος
is measured. The second ἀπό may be taken with
ἀχέρδου
also: cp. O.T. 734, 761.

mvp-comment-1085-2 μέσος 11

mvp-comment-1085-3 τοῦ τε Θορικίου πέτρου 12

mvp-comment-1086-1 κοίλης τ’ ἀχέρδου 13

mvp-comment-1086-2 κἀπὸ λαΐνου τάφου 14

mvp-comment-1086-3 The power and beauty of this passage are in no way lessened for us because we know nothing of the basin or the stone, the tree or the tomb. Rather it might be said that the very fact of our ignorance illustrates the spirit in which these details are introduced. Their significance is essentially local:

ταῦτα γνώριμα τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις
(schol.). They show us how the blind man, who had never been at Colonus before, placed himself at precisely the due point in the midst of its complex sanctities. The god made him as one who had the most intimate and minute knowledge of the ground.

mvp-comment-1087-1 ἔλυσε 15

mvp-comment-1087-2 δυσπινεῖς 16

mvp-comment-1088-1 ῥυτῶν 17

mvp-comment-1089-1 They go to a hillock a little way off, on which was a shrine of Demeter Euchloös. See map in Introd.

mvp-comment-1089-2 εὐχλόου 18

mvp-comment-1089-3 προσόψιον 19

mvp-comment-1090-1 )πόρευσαν 20

mvp-comment-1090-2 ταχεῖ σὺν χρ 21

mvp-comment-1090-3 λουτροῖς 22

mvp-comment-1091-1 ᾗ νομίζεται 23

mvp-comment-1092-1 παντὸς … δρῶντος 24

mvp-comment-1093-1 ἀργὸν 25

mvp-comment-1094-1 κτύπησε 26

mvp-comment-1094-2 Ζεὺς χθ 27

mvp-comment-1095-1 οὐδ’ ἀνίεσαν 28

mvp-comment-1095-2 pammh/keis 29

mvp-comment-1096-1 ἐξαίφνης 30

mvp-comment-1097-1 πάντα τἀμά 31

mvp-comment-1098-1 τὴν δυσπόν 32

mvp-comment-1098-2 ἀμφ’ ἐμοὶ 33

mvp-comment-1098-3 τροφήν 34

mvp-comment-1098-4 σκληρὰν 35

mvp-comment-1098-5 ἀλλὰ … γὰρ 36

mvp-comment-1098-6 ἕν … ἔπος 37

mvp-comment-1098-7 λύει 38

mvp-comment-1099-1 τητώμεναι 39

mvp-comment-1100-1 ἐπ’ ἀλλήλ. ἀμφικ. 40

mvp-comment-1100-2 λύγδην 41

mvp-comment-1101-1 σιωπή 42

mvp-comment-1101-2 τινὸς 43

mvp-comment-1102-1 θώϋξεν αὐτόν 44

mvp-comment-1102-2 πάντας 45

mvp-comment-1102-3 φόβῳ 46

mvp-comment-1102-4 ἐξαίφνης 47

mvp-comment-1103-1 πολλὰ πολλαχῇ 48

mvp-comment-1103-2 It is strange that a modern critic should have thought this

"alienissimum a divina maiestate"
(Schaefer). He must have forgotten that a divine summons had already been thrice repeated when
"the LORD came, and stood, and called as at other times, Samuel, Samuel."

mvp-comment-1104-1 ὦ οὗτος 49

mvp-comment-1104-2 οὗτος 50

mvp-comment-1105-1 χωρεῖν 51

mvp-comment-1105-2 τἀπὸ σοῦ 52 βραδύνεται 53

mvp-comment-1106-1 οἱ 54

mvp-comment-1107-1 ὁρκίαν 55

mvp-comment-1107-2 ἀρχαίαν 56

mvp-comment-1107-3 (1) Two other conjectures claim notice. ἀρθμίαν (Wecklein)=

"in a friendly compact."
Cp. Od. 16.427
οἱ δ’ ἡμῖν ἄρθμιοι ἦσαν
,
"they were in amity with us."
In Ph. 1132 Erfurdt has restored
ἄρθμιον
(as =
"trusty comrade"
) for
ἄθλιον
. But this epithet does not strengthen
πίστιν
. (2) ἀρκίαν (L. Schmidt)=
"sure."
The only support for this is the epic phrase
μισθὸς ἄρκιος
( Il. 10.304 , Od. 18.358 , Hes. Op. 368 ).

mvp-comment-1108-1 ἑκών 57

mvp-comment-1109-1 μέλλῃς 58

mvp-comment-1109-2 φρονῶν εὖ 59

mvp-comment-1109-3 εὖ φρονῶν 60

mvp-comment-1110-1 οὐκ οἴκτου μέτα 61

mvp-comment-1111-1 ὅρκιος 62

mvp-comment-1112-1 ἀμαυραῖς 63

mvp-comment-1113-1 τλάσας … τὸ γενναῖον φρενὶ 64

mvp-comment-1113-2 φρενὶ 65

mvp-comment-1114-1 ἃ μὴ 66

mvp-comment-1114-2 φωνούντων 67

mvp-comment-1115-1 ὁ κύριος 68

mvp-comment-1116-1 εἰσηκούσαμεν 69

mvp-comment-1116-2 ξύμπαντες 70

mvp-comment-1116-3 ἀστακτὶ 71

mvp-comment-1117-1 ἐξαπείδομεν 72

mvp-comment-1117-2 τὸν ἄνδρα τὸν μὲν 73

mvp-comment-1118-1 αὐτὸν 74

mvp-comment-1118-2 ὀμμ 75

mvp-comment-1118-3 ἐπίσκιον 76

mvp-comment-1119-1 ἀντέχοντα 77

mvp-comment-1120-1 γῆν τε … καὶ … Ὄλυμπον 78

mvp-comment-1120-2 ἐν ταὐτῷ λόγῳ 79

mvp-comment-1121-1 ἐξέπραξεν 80

mvp-comment-1121-2 ποντία θύελλα κινηθεῖσα 81

mvp-comment-1122-1 πομπός 83

mvp-comment-1122-2 ἢ τὸ νερτέρων γῆς βάθρον 84

mvp-comment-1122-3 ἀλύπητον 85

mvp-comment-1122-4 ἀλάμπετον 86

mvp-comment-1123-1 οὐ στενακτὸς 87

mvp-comment-1123-2 σὺν νόσοις 88

mvp-comment-1123-3 ἀλγεινὸς 89

mvp-comment-1124-1 εἰ δὲ μὴ δοκῶ 90

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

1586. mvp-comment-847-1 τοῦτ᾽, the reading of Par. A, is preferred to ταῦτ', the reading of L, because the pronoun appears from its position to be the subject of ἐστίν ..

1586. mvp-comment-847-2 πρέπον, and not merely the object of ἀποθαυμάσαι.

1586. mvp-comment-847-3 κἀποθαυμάσαι καί, belonging to the whole clause, emphasizes the manner of the death of Oedipus as distinguished from the fact, which has been already told, and the previous circumstances, which are known to all. Ay, this it is which may well move your wonder.

1587. mvp-comment-848-1 παρών Having witnessed it. Essay on Language § 32. p. 55.

1588. mvp-comment-849-1 ὑφηγητῆρος Sc. ὄντος, Essay on Language § 9. p. 14.

1589. mvp-comment-850-1 ἐξηγούμενος Leading the way. Cp. supra 1520, χώρον.. έξηγησομαι.

1590. mvp-comment-851-1 τὸν καταρράκτην ὀδόν The precipitous threshold, rooted in earth with foundations of brass. The ὀδός (supra 57) is probably the entrance to a cleft in the native rock, and is called καταρράκτης because supposed to lead directly down to Tartarus. The χαλκά βάθρα are probably not a literal staircase, but, like the epithet χαλκόπους, supr. 57, recal the σιδηρεῖαί τε πύλαι καὶ χαλκέος οὐδός of Homer's description. See Introduction. For this meaning of βάθρα in the plural, cp. Eur. Tro. 47, ὦ .. πόλις.. ἦσθ᾽ ἂν ἐν βάθροις ἔτι, and for γῆθεν ἐρριζωμένον, cp. Od. 13. 163. of the ship changed by Poseidon to an islet, λᾶαν ἔθηκε καὶ ἐρρίζωσεν ἔνερθεν.

1592. mvp-comment-852-1 *πολυσχίστων This conjecture of Heath's has been universally accepted. Cp. Plato. Phaed. 168 A. The word was no doubt descriptive of the paths actually converging towards the χαλκοῦς ὀδός, and the language indicates the precision with which the blind Oedipus followed the guidance of the God.

1593. mvp-comment-853-1 κρατῆροs Elmsley is probably right in saying, Crater, de quo nunc agitur, lapideus fuisse videtur, ἀνδρὸς εὔχειρος τέχνη, ut illi, quorum mentio fit v. 472. It may have been fabled that this bowl received the blood of the sacrifice which confirmed the league of Theseus and Pirithous, and some record of their agreement may have been engraven on it. Cp. Eur. Suppl. 1202, ἔγγραψον ὅρκους τρίποδος ἐν κοίλῳ κύτει. Where the compact of Theseus and Pirithous is registered, never to be annulled. The bowl was probably at the entrance to one of the cavities in the rock.

1595. mvp-comment-854-1 6. Midway between this and the fragment of rock from Thoricus, and the hollow pear-tree and the sarcophagus of stone.' The traditional text may mean, Right opposite to this and the Thorician rock, away from the hollow pear-tree and stone tomb. But Brunck's easy correction makes a better context. The object is to define accurately the exact position of Oedipus when last seen, corresponding probably to the place where rites were since performed in his honour. Cp. supr. 1532 and note, and 477.

1600-1601. mvp-comment-855-1 There does not appear to be sufficient reason for construing these words with Hermann, 'The hill which commands a view of the temple of Demeter Chloe. Although the temple near the Acropolis, mentioned by Pausanias and the Scholiast, cannot be meant, there may well have been other places in the neighbourhood sacred to the same Goddess. Transl. The eminence, full in view, of Demeter, who makes the tender blade to grow. The knoll, a quarter of a mile to the east of Colonus, has some remains of buildings, and is plentifully supplied with water at the present day. See Introd. p. 283.

1601. mvp-comment-856-1 τάσδ᾽ ἐπιστολάς Abstract for concrete, Brought these commands,' i.e. The things thus commanded.

1602. mvp-comment-857-1 ταχεῖ .. σὺν χρόνῳ With time that quickly passed, i. e. With despatch. Cp. supr. 7 and note.

1603. mvp-comment-858-1 ᾗ νομίζεται (1) As is customary, sc. in immediate prospect of death. Cp. Eur. Alc. 158. ἐπεὶ γὰρ ᾔσθεθ᾽ ἡμέραν τὴν κυρίαν | ἥκουσαν, ὕδασι ποταμίοις λευκὸν χρόα | ἐλούσατ᾽, ἐκ δ᾽ ἑλοῦσα κεδρίνων δόμων | ἐσθῆτα κόσμον τ᾽ εὐπρεπῶς ἠσκήσατο. Or (2) Such raiment as is customary, viz. at the shrine of the Eumenides. The ἔποικος would supply what was necessary: supra 506.

1604. mvp-comment-859-1 'And when all was doing to his heart's content, and no part of his desire was now neglected.' δρῶντος is a singular instance of the abstract use of the active participle, noticed in the Essay on Language $ 30. p. 51. Cp. supra 1220, τοῦ θέλοντος, etc. This is the only satisfactory explanation of the passage. As often happens, the second line, κοὐκ ἦν, κ.τ.λ., states negatively what is affirmed in the first.

1605. mvp-comment-860-1 For ἀργόν, cp. Ο. Τ. 287 and n.

1606. mvp-comment-861-1 Ζεὺς χθόνιος The rumbling noise beneath the earth accompanying an earthquake is attributed to Hades, as the thunder to Zeus. For this name of Hades, cp. Hom. Il. 9. 457, Ζεύς τε καταχθόνιος καὶ ἐπαινὴ Περσεφόνεια : Hes. Op. 465: Aesch. Suppl. 157. And for χθόνιος βροντή, Aesch. Prom. 993, 4, Eur. Hipp. 1201, Phoen. 1181-1182, ἐκτύπησε δὲ | χθών, ὥστε δεῖσαι πάντας.

1607. mvp-comment-862-1 ῥίγησαν Homeric word: Il. 12.208, Τρώες δ᾽ ἐρρίγησαν, ὅπως ἴδον αἰόλον ὄφιν.

1608. mvp-comment-863-1 οὐδ᾽ ἀνίεσαν And ceased not from. Cp. 1. 1610. Mr. Palmer takes the words differently. In his note on l. 1636, he says, It was unbecoming in a man of any nobleness of spirit to give way to loud lamentation; therefore it is said even of the daughters, οὐδ᾽ ἀνίεσαν, κ.τ.λ. But the moment for silence and reserve is not yet come, and the natural feelings are for the time unchecked (cp. 1620, foll.). Compare Hom. Od. 16. 213, foll. "Ως ἄρα φωνήσας κατ᾿ ἄρ᾽ ἔζετο, Τηλέμαχος δὲ | ἀμφιχυθεὶς πατέρ᾽ ἐσθλὸν ὀδύρετο, δάκρυα λείβων. | ἀμφοτέροισι δὲ τοῖσιν ὑφ᾽ ἵμερος ὥρτο γόοιο. | κλαῖον δὲ λιγέως, ἀδινώτερον ἤ τ' οἰωνοί, | φῆναι ἡ αἰγυπιοὶ γαμψώνυχες, οἷσί τε τέκνα | ἀγροταὶ ἐξείλοντο πάρος πετεηνὰ γενέσθαι. | ὡς ἄρα τοίγ᾽ ἐλεεινὸν ὑπ᾿ ὀφρύσι δάκρυον εἶβον. It is to be remembered, too, that this scene is only reported, not represented on the stage. That οὐδ' ἀνίεσαν has probably a different meaning in O. T. 1277, is no objection to the above rendering.

1609. mvp-comment-864-1 παμμήκεις Long and loud. μακρός has continually the meaning of loud, in connection with sounds. But here there is probably also the further association, Prolonged.'

1610. mvp-comment-865-1 ὡς ἀκούει .. ἐξαίφνης When all at once he hears....' φθόγγον . . πικρόν] • The piteous sound.' Ant. 423-424, κἀνακωκύει πικρᾶς | ὄρνιθος ὀξὺν φθόγγον.

1611. mvp-comment-866-1 πτύξας ἐπ᾿ αὐταῖς χεῖρας Folding his arms about them. For χεῖρες in this sense, cp. El. 1226.

1613. mvp-comment-867-1 All that was mine is at an end,' and therefore also my dependence on your filial care.

1614. mvp-comment-868-1 τὴν δυσπόνητον τροφήν] The sad laborious nursing ye have spent on me.' τροφή is here used actively, as in Εl. 1143, οἴμοι τάλαινα τῆς ἐμῆς πάλαι τροφῆς | ἀνωφελήτου, τὴν ἐγὼ θάμ᾿ ἀμφὶ σοὶ | πόνῳ γλυκεῖ παρέσχον.

1615. mvp-comment-869-1 σκληρὰν μέν σκληράν is added in apposition, and is then opposed with μέν to what follows. It has been troublesome, that I know well, my daughters: but then the one word "love" has power to cancel all this trouble. And love ye have had from none in greater measure than from me, of whom bereft ye will pass what now remains to you of life.

1620-1621. mvp-comment-870-1 τοιαῦτ᾽ .. ἔκλαιον i. e. τοιαῦτα .. κλαίοντες ἔλεγον.

1622. mvp-comment-871-1 ὠρώρει βοή Homeric expression. Il. 18. 498, ἔνθα δὲ νεῖκος | ὠρώρει.

1624. mvp-comment-872-1 θώϋξεν Urged him with shouting. The omission of the augment in this case with a consonant preceding makes it probable that in the other cases in this speech, e. g. 1606, κτύπησε, 1607, ῥίγησαν, 1608, κλαῖον, the augment is dropped Epicè and not elided after the preceding vowel. The MSS. omit the augments very frequently. Cp. supr. 438 and v. rr. For the construction, cp. supra 1598, ἀΰσας παῖδας.

1624-1625. mvp-comment-873-1 ὥστε .. τρίχας So that the hair of all stood up in the alarm of sudden fear. ἐξαίφνης belongs both to the participle and the verb, and the dative φόβῳ is in construction with both. Cp. Tr. 175-176, ἐκπηδᾷν ἐμὲ φόβῳ ταρβοῦσαν.

1625. mvp-comment-874-1 στῆσαι.. τρίχας is said, as in φῦσαι ὀδύντας and the like language, at- tributing to the subject, as the ἀρχή of his actions, even mechanical and unconscious processes. Cp. supr. 149, and note. Essay on Language § 30. p. 52.

1626. mvp-comment-875-1 πολλὰ πολλαχή Shak. Ham. 1.5, Hic et ubique? then we ll shift our ground. 1627, foll. Cp. Eur. Alc. 253, Χάρων μ᾽ ἤδη καλεῖ· τί μέλλεις; ἐπείγου· σὺ κατείργεις τάδε. τοῖα σπερχόμενος ταχύνει : Ar. Lys. 606, ὁ Χάρων σε καλεῖ, σὺ δὲ κωλύεις ἀνάγεσθαι. In the present case not Charon but Hermes, cp. supr. 1548, or the δαίμων of Oedipus, is probably meant. The absence of any name, as in several of the concludiug passages of this play, adds to the solemnity of the effect.

1628. mvp-comment-876-1 πάλαι.. βραδύνεται • You are already much to blame for our delay.' 1632. δός μοι χερὸς σῆς πίστιν ἀρχαίαν τέκνοις] I pray thee give to my children thy right hand, that time-honoured pledge. Various meanings have been given to ἀρχαίαν.

Πίστιν ἀρχαίαν dicit, quae firma maneat, olim antiqua futura. Sic Aeschylus, Agam. 578, θεοῖς λάφυρα ταῦτα τοῖς καθ' Ἑλλάδα δόμοις ἐπασσάλευσαν ἀρχαῖον γάνος.
(Herm.)
Πίστιν ἀρχαίαν] Antiquam, spectatam.
(Dind.) 'ἀρχαίαν, die alte, bisher bewiesene (nach 632 f.). (Schneidewin) It is simpler and better to explain the epithet as a general one; i. e. The right hand, which from time immemorial has been a solemn pledge amongst mankind. Cp. Eur. Med. 21, 2. ἀνακαλεῖ δὲ δεξιᾶς | πίστιν μεγίστην: Plat. Legg. 7,793 B. See also Tr. 1181-1182.

1633. mvp-comment-877-1 ὑμεῖς τε, παῖδες, τῷδε Haec verba διὰ μέσου esse ostendunt imperativi δóς et καταίνεσον, quae ad eandem personam spectant. (Herm.) Cp. Thuc. 5.17, ὤμοσαν, ἐκεῖνοί τε πρὸς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους, τάδε.

1634-1635. mvp-comment-878-1 τελεῖν.. ἀεί ‘But that in all that it lies in you to do, you will act with kindly care for their best good." Cp. infr. 1773.

1636. mvp-comment-879-1 οὐκ οἴκτου μέτα Without giving way to grief; i. e. With no weak expression of feeling, which would have been of evil omen for Athens. Aesch. S. c. Τ. 51, οἶκτος δ᾽ οὔτις ἦν διὰ στόμα· σιδηρόφρων γὰρ θυμὸς ἀνδρείᾳ φλέγων ἔπνει, λεόντων ὡς Ἄρη δεδορκότων. Οἱ the conjectures (which are quite unnecessary) ὄγκου (Musgr.) is preferable to ὄκνου.

1640. mvp-comment-880-1 Cp. the action of Socrates in Plat. Phaedo, 116 Β, τὰς μὲν γυναῖκας καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἀπιέναι ἐκέλευσεν, αὐτὸς δὲ ἦκε παρ᾿ ἡμᾶς.

1640. mvp-comment-880-2

τλάσας .. τὸ γενναῖον
With noble fortitude. Cp Eur. Med. 393, τόλμης δ' εἶμι πρὸς τὸ κάρτερον. Similar adverbial expressions occur in later poets; e g. Theocr. Idyll. 1. 41, κάμνοντι τὸ κάρτερον ἀνδρὶ ἔοικας: 3. 18, ὦ τὸ καλὸν ποθορῶσα.

1642. mvp-comment-881-1 μηδὲ φωνούντων κλύειν Sc. ἃ μὴ θέμις ἐστὶ κλύειν. For μή, see Essay on Language § 29. p. 48, and cp. Ant. 546, μηδ' ἃ μὴ θιγες, κ.τ.λ.

1643. mvp-comment-882-1 ὁ κύριος κύριος here. as in l. 288 supra, has the general sense of sovereign, and also a particular reference to the case in point = Whose right herein is perfect.'

1644. mvp-comment-883-1 μανθάνων Being cognisant of.

1646. mvp-comment-884-1 ἀστακτί i. e. ἀστακτὶ λείβοντες δάκρυα For this condensation, see Essay on Language § 43. p. 82.

1648. mvp-comment-885-1 στραφέντες i. e. 'Returning towards the spot.'

1648. mvp-comment-885-2 ἐξαπείδομεν "We saw, as from afar off.' Schol. ἴδιον αὐτοῦ τὸ πολλαῖς κεχρῆσθαι προθέσεσι· παραφυλακτέον δὲ πῶς καὶ τὰ ἄρρητα ὑπ᾿ ὄψιν ἤγαγεν ὁ ἄγγελος ἐκ τῶν σχημάτων μηνύων.

1649. mvp-comment-886-1 τὸν ἄνδρα, κ.τ.λ. The anacoluthon helps to mark the suddenness of the disappearance. The messenger begins as if he were speaking of Oedipus, he then corrects himself to say that Oedipus was no more seen, but Theseus only, who was holding his hand before his eyes. For a similar turn of sentence, cp Hom. Od. 5. 265, fol., ἐν δὲ οἱ ἀσκὸν ἔθηκε θεὰ μέλανος οἴνοιο | τὸν ἕτερον, ἕτερον δ᾽ ὕδατος μέγαν.

1653. mvp-comment-887-1 ἔπειτα.. βαιόν A little afterwards, like βαιὸν. ἔνερθεν, Phil. 20. 1654-1655. Shak. Ham. 1. 5, O all ye host of heaven! O earth! what else? And shall I couple hell?'

1655. mvp-comment-888-1 τὸν θεῶν Ὄλυμπον Cp. О. Т. 867, and note.

1659. mvp-comment-889-1 So the prayer of the chorus is fulfilled: supra 1561.

1659. mvp-comment-889-2 ἐξέπραξεν Eur. Hec. 515, πῶς καί νιν ἐξεπράξατ'; 1661-1662. But either a guardian from the gods, or the lower part of earth that holds the dead, opening kindly for him, where there is no more pain.

1659. mvp-comment-889-3 ἀλύπητον has been generally taken causatively to mean Without giving him pain; but even if this meaning were admissible, which is doubtful, there would be an awkwardness in having two secondary predicates, εὔνουν and ἀλύπητον. The position of the word indicates that it is to be taken as attributive. ἀλάμπετον, unillumined, the marginal reading of L, may possibly be right. Elmsley, who was doubtful on this point, gives the above meaning, Free from pain,' to ἀλύπητον, ὅπου μὴ λυπεῖταί Cp. supra 955, θανόντων δ᾽ οὐδὲν ἄλγος ἅπτεται.

1662-1663. mvp-comment-890-1 στενακτός and ἀλγεινός have been explained to mean Groaning and Suffering pain. But the more usual meaning gives a better and more consistent sense. An object of mourning. Giving pain to others. Cp. O.Τ. 1237, 8, τῶν δὲ πραχθέντων τὰ μὲν | ἄλγιστ᾽ ἄπεστιν. His departure was not accompanied with mourning, nor with sickness, so as to be a spectacle of pain, but it was a spectacle of admiration, unsurpassed. Cp. Plato, Phaedo, 59 Α, οὐδὲν πάνυ μοι ἐλεεινὸν εἰσῄει, ὡς εἰκὸς ἂν δόξειεν εἶναι παρόντι πένθει ..

1662-1663. mvp-comment-890-2 ἀλλ᾽ ἀτέχνως ἄτοπόν τί μοι πάθος παμῆν.

1666. mvp-comment-891-1 οὐκ ἂν παρείμην I do not care to gain the assent of those who think me unwise in this; i. e. I am contented to hold my own opinion. Cp. Aj. 1038-1039, ὅτῳ δὲ μὴ τάδ᾽ ἐστὶν ἐν γνώμῃ φίλα, | κεῖνος τ᾽ ἐκεῖνα στεργέτω, κἀγὼ τάδε. And for παρίεμαι, with accusative, meaning To obtain the consent of,' cp. Plat. Legg. 742 Β, παρέμενος τοὺς ἄρχοντας : 951 Α, τοὺς νομοφυλάκας παρέμενος.