Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus 362

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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THE
897
Then one of you run to the altar-foot
Hard by, and haste the people from the rite,
Horsemen and footmen at the height of speed
To race unto the parting of the roads
Where travellers from both gorges wont to meet.
900
Lest there the maidens pass beyond our reach
And I be worsted by this stranger’s might
And let him laugh at me. Be swift! Away!
—For him, were I as wroth as he deserves,
He should not go unpunished from my hand.
905
But now he shall be ruled by the same law
He thought to enforce. Thou goest not from this ground
Till thou hast set these maids in presence here;
Since by thine act thou hast disgraced both me
And thine own lineage and thy native land,
910
Who with unlicensed inroad hast assailed
An ancient city, that hath still observed
Justice and equity, and apart from law
Ratifies nothing; and, being here, hast cast
Authority to the winds, and made thine own
915
Whate’er thou wouldst, bearing it off perforce,—
Deeming of me forsooth as nothing worth,
And of my city as one enslaved to foes
Or void of manhood. Not of Thebe’s will
Come such wild courses. It is not her way
920
To foster men in sin, nor would she praise
Thy doing, if she knew that thou hast robbed
Me and the gods, dragging poor suppliant wights
From their last refuge at thy will—I would not,
Had I perchance set foot within thy land,
925
Even were my cause most righteous, have presumed,
Without consent of him who bore chief sway,
To seize on any man, but would have known
How men should act who tread on foreign soil.
Thou bring’st disgrace on thine own mother state
930
All undeservedly, and the lapse of years
Hath left thee aged, but not wise—Again
I bid those maids now to be brought with speed,
Unless thou would’st be made a sojourner
In Athens by compulsion. This I speak
935
Not with my lips alone, but from my will.

Oedipus at Colonus. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 362 focus
ζητοῦσα τὴν σὴν ποῦ κατοικοίης τροφήν,
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 254-509 focus
Translations (4)
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 385 focus
Du hattest Hoffnung also, daß die Götter mein
380
Gedenken werden, daß mir Rettung einst erscheint?
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 362 focus
Messenger
Oh ! 'twas a scene of wonder. How he left
This place, and, self-conducted, led us on,
Blind as he was, ye all remember well.
Soon as he came to where the craggy steep
With brazen steps leads to the hollow gulf,
1590
Where various paths unite, a place renowned
For the famed league of Theseus and his friend,
Between Acherdus and the Thracian rock,
On a sepulchral stone he sat him down ;
1595
Pulled off the lilthy weeds he long had worn,
And bade his daughters instantly prepare
The bath and splendid garb ; with hasty steps
To Ceres' neighbouring altar they repair
1600
Obedient, bring the vessel, and the robe
Funereal. All things done as custom bids
For dying men, sudden a dreadful clap
Of thunder shook the ground ; the virgins trembled,
And clinging fearful round their father's knees
Beat their sad breasts, and wept. Soon as he heard
The sound portentous, he embraced his daughters :
" Children," he cried, " your father is no more;
No longer shall you lead a life of pain.
1610
No longer toil for QEdipus, Alas !
'Twas dreadful to you, but this day, my children,
Shall end your sorrows and my life together.
Never did father love his daughters more
1615
Than I have loved ; but henceforth you must live
Without your Qlldipus. Farewell for ever ! "
He spake, and long, in sad embraces joined,
1620
They wept aloud ; at length did clamorous grief
1620
To silent sorrow yield, and all was still ;
When suddenly we heard a voice that oft
Repeated, " CEdipus, why this delay?
Where art thou, (Edipus? " The wretched king,
Attentive to the call of Heaven, desired
That Theseus might be sent for ; Theseus came.
When thus the dying exile : "0 my friend !
Give me thy hand, my daughters give him yours;
Let this, my dearest Theseus, be the pledge
1630
Of amity between you ; promise here
That you will ne'er forsake my hapless children,
But henceforth cherish, comfort, and protect them."
The generous king, in pity to their woes,
1635
Vowed to perform what (Edipus desired.
The father threw his feeble arms around
Tlis weeping children. "You," he cried, "must learn
To bear your sutterings with an equal mind,
1640
And leave this place ; for not to mortal eye
Is given to see my future fate. Away !
Theseus alone must stay, and know it all."
This did we hear him utter as we stood
Attentive ; when his duteous daughters left him,
And went their way, we wept, and followed them.
Soon we returned, but CEdipus was gone ;
The king alone remaining, as if struck
With terror at some dreadful spectacle,
1650
Had with his hand o'er- veiled his downcast eye ;
A little after, we beheld him bend
In humble adoration to the earth,
And then to heaven prefer his ardent prayer.
1655
How the poor exile perished none can tell
But Theseus ; nor the fiery blast of Jove
Destroyed, nor sea o'erwhelmed him, but from heaven
Some messenger divine did snatch him hence,
Or power infernal bade the pitying earth
Open her peaceful bosom to receive him ;
Without a groan, disease, or pain he fell.
'Twas wondrous all ; to those who credit not
This strange report, I answer, 'Tis most true.
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 362 focus
Oedipus
His voice, O king, is to a father's ear
Most hateful: urge me not perforce to yield.
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 254-507 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-669-1 οὔκουν τις … ἀναγκάσει 1

mvp-comment-669-2 τούσδε βωμοὺς 2

mvp-comment-670-1 Join σπεύδειν ἀπὸ θυμάτων, ἄνιππον, ἱππότην τε ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος 3

mvp-comment-670-2 ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος 4

mvp-comment-670-3 δίστομοι … ὁδοί 5

mvp-comment-670-4 μάλιστα 6 ἔνθα 7

mvp-comment-671-1 ἴθ’ 8

mvp-comment-672-1 δῑ ὀργῆς ἧκον 9

mvp-comment-673-1 μεθῆκ’ 10

mvp-comment-674-1 οὕσπερ … τοὺς νόμους 11

mvp-comment-675-1 τούτοισι 12

mvp-comment-675-2 ἁρμοσθήσεται 13

mvp-comment-676-1 ἐναργεῖς 14

mvp-comment-676-2 ἄγων 15

mvp-comment-677-1 κατάξια δρᾶν 16

mvp-comment-678-1 ὧν 17

mvp-comment-679-1 Athens

"practises justice,"
i.e. respects the rights of other states; and
"determines (
κραίνουσαν"
) nothing without law,
i.e.admits no claim which the laws do not sanction. Oedipus had placed himself and his daughters under the protection of Attic law. Creon should have sought legal warrant for their removal. Instead of doing so, he has used violence.

mvp-comment-680-1 εἶτ’ 18

mvp-comment-680-2 ἀφεὶς 19

mvp-comment-681-1 τὰ … κύρια 20

mvp-comment-681-2 ἐπεισπεσὼν 21

mvp-comment-682-1 ἄγεις 22

mvp-comment-682-2 παρίστασαι 23

mvp-comment-683-1 κένανδρον … ἢ δούλην τινὰ 24

mvp-comment-684-1 τῷ μηδενί 25

mvp-comment-685-1 Θῆβαι 26

mvp-comment-685-2 ἐπαίδευσαν 27

mvp-comment-686-1 πυθοίατο 28

mvp-comment-687-1 συλῶντα 29

mvp-comment-687-2 φωτῶν ἀθλίων ἱκτήρια 30

mvp-comment-688-1 ἐπεμβαίνων 31

mvp-comment-689-1 εἶχον 32

mvp-comment-690-1 ἄνευ γε τοῦ κραίνοντος 33

mvp-comment-690-2 χθονὸς 34

mvp-comment-690-3 ὅστις ἦν 35

mvp-comment-691-1 οὔθ’ εἷλκον οὔτ’ ἂν ἦγον 36

mvp-comment-692-1 ξένον 37

mvp-comment-693-1 ἀξίαν οὐκ οὖσαν 38

mvp-comment-694-1 τὴν αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ 39

mvp-comment-694-2 ὁ πληθύων χρόνος 40

mvp-comment-694-3 τοῦ νοῦ 41

mvp-comment-695-1 τινα 42

mvp-comment-696-1 The essence of the notion conveyed by μέτοικος 43

mvp-comment-697-1 βίᾳ τε κοὐχ ἑκ 44

mvp-comment-697-2 κοὐχ ἑκών 45

mvp-comment-698-1 The words τῷ νῷ have been suspected by recent criticism. They seem to me sound. The sense is,

"these things, which I say to you, are purposed by my mind as really as they are uttered by my tongue."
With τῷ νῷ a verb meaning
"I intend"
( e.g.
διανοοῦμαι
) should strictly have been used; but the verb appropriate to ἀπὸ γλώσσης is made to serve for both. For a similar zeugma cp. O. T. 116
οὐδ’ ἄγγελός τις οὐδὲ συμπράκτωρ ὁδοῦ | κατεῖδ’
, where the verb appropriate to
ἄγγελος
, viz.
ἦλθε
, has to be supplied from
κατεῖδ’
. To Meineke's τοῦ νοῦ (governed by
ἀπό
) it may be objected that
ἐκ
would be the right prep., as in
ἐκ θυμοῦ, ἐκ ψυχῆς.
ἀπὸ γλώσσης 46

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

897. mvp-comment-483-1 The readiness of Theseus in comprehending the situation, and his promptitude, are traits which assist the action while they excite the admiration of the spectators. Cp. supra 569, 631.

898. mvp-comment-484-1 τούσδε βωμούς This neighbouring altar.

899. mvp-comment-485-1 ἄνιππον ἱππότην τε Cp. Ant. 1104, οἱ τ' ὄντες οἱ τ᾽ ἀπόντες. If, as suggested by the writer of the 1st ὑπόθεσις (see Introd. p. 259), Colonus was a place where horses stood for hire, the presence of horsemen at the sacrifice is easily accounted for.

900. mvp-comment-486-1 σπεύδειν ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος The testimony of the grammarians (Phryn. ap. Bekker. p. 24, ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος τρέχειν ἵππον : οἷον ἀπὸ χαλίνου ἢ ἄνευ χαλίνου : Pollux l. 214, καὶ ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος ἀνεῖναι τὸν ἵππον), and the passages in Diodorus Sic. (19. 26), and Dion. Hal. (11. 40), leave no doubt that ῥυτήρ in this expression is not a trace but a rein, and that the use of ἀπό is emphatic. τρέχειν ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος, of a horse, would then mean, to gallop away from (i. e. without check from, without the effect of) the rein,' and in σπεύδειν ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος the notion is transferred from the horse to the rider = to ride at full gallop. The phrase is immediately connected with ἱππότην, but the notion of full speed is extended to the whole sentence. It is singular that the ancient Scholiasts should have lost the key to this expression as they seem to have done. If ῥυτήρ were a trace' as elsewhere (Il. 16.475 etc.), the meaning would be ⚫ without putting to,' i. e. riding, not driving.

900-901. mvp-comment-487-1 ἔνθα .. ὁδοί ‘Το just where the two hollow ways of travellers meet.' μάλιστα belongs in meaning to the antecedent clause, like the superlative in ἐπεὶ τάχιστα. δίστομοι suggests the appearance of the roads in a hill-country, each opening out of a narrow gorge of its own. Cp. Hom. h. Dem. 177, κοίλην κατ' ἀμαξιτόν.

900-901. mvp-comment-487-2 συμβάλλουσιν As rivers are said συμβάλλειν ῥοάς, or as persons are said συμβλῆσθαι ἀλλήλοιν, Hom. Il. 14. 27, etc. For the absolute use (on which see Essay on Language § 53. p. 98, c), cp. Eur. Or. 335, δάκρυα δάκρυσι συμβάλλει: Plat. Pol. 273 Α. ὁ δὲ μεταστρεφόμενος καὶ ξυμβάλλων. The two roads appear from 1047 to be those from Daphne and Phyle.

902. mvp-comment-488-1 The reason for so much haste is to prevent uncertainty as to the route taken by the enemy.

902-903. mvp-comment-489-1 γέλως δ᾽ ἐγὼ .. βίᾳ ·And I be vanquished and become a laughingstock to this foreigner; i. e. to Creon. The dative, though governed chiefly by γέλως . γένωμαι, also depends slightly ση χειρωθεὶς βίᾳ: cp. Plut. Dion. p. 199. Theseus angrily speaks of the success of Creon's exploit as a conquest over himself (supra 842, note). Cp. Ant. 485, εἰ ταῦτ᾽ ἀνατεὶ τῇδε κείσεται κράτη: ib. 525, ἐμοῦ δὲ ζῶντος οὐκ ἄρξει γυνή. 905 ff. Cp. Eur Suppl. 581 ff. (the whole speech reads like an echo of this), οὔτοι μ' ἐπαίρεις ὥστε θυμῶσαι φρένας | τοῖς σοῖσι κόμποις· ἀλλ᾽ ἀποστέλλου χθονός, | λόγους ματαίους οὔσπερ ἠνέγκω λαβών.

907. mvp-comment-490-1 * οὔσπερ .. ἔχων The MS. reading ὥσπερ κ.τ.λ has been explained, As he himself came hither under the protection of the laws, so he shall be corrected by the laws, (and not by violence). This makes a strong antithesis to 11. 904-906. But αὐτός is without point, and the reference to the laws without further qualification is un-Greek. Cp. Eur. Heracl. 1010, τοῖσιν Ἑλλήνων νόμοις. Either the correction οὔσπερ must be adopted, as in the text, or there is a slight inexactness of correspondence between the clauses. ('Etenim non τούτοισιν referendum est ad ὥσπερ, sed intelligendum οὕτω,' Herm. 1841. Rectius Reisigius, τούτοισι κοὐκ ἄλλοισι idem esse quod τοῖς αὐτοῖσι, quod minus infrequens est cum ὥσπερ compositum. Ellendt.). In any case the meaning is: (instead of being roughly handled) he shall be reduced to order according to those very rules of conduct which he brought with him in coming hither. i. e. As he has taken by compulsion so by compulsion he shall be checked in return.' Cp. infr. 916, supr. 832. For the meaning ning of vouos, see Essay on Language p. 88. And for the combination of the article and relative pronoun, cp. Ant. 404, ὃν σὺ τὸν νέκρον | ἀπεῖπας : Aesch. S. c. Τ. 553, τῷδ', ὃν λέγεις τὸν Ἀρκάδα.

907. mvp-comment-490-2 τούς has the force of a possessive pronoun: those principles of his.'

908. mvp-comment-491-1 κοὐκ ἄλλοισιν And these alone. ἄλλοισιν follows the construction of τούτοισι, without νόμοις or any other substantive being consciously supplied.

910. mvp-comment-492-1 Until you bring those maidens hither and set them before my face.' ἐναργεῖς] · Without possibility of mis- take.' Tr. 223, τάδε σοι βλέπειν πάρεστ᾽ ἐναργῆ : Ε1. 878, ἐναργῶς, ὥσπερ εἰσορᾶς ἐμέ.

911. mvp-comment-493-1 ἐπεὶ δέδρακας οὔτ᾽ ἐμοῦ καταξίως Since what thou hast done is unworthy alike of me and thine own lineage, and thy land.' The conjecture οὔτε σοῦ takes away the point from αὐτός in l. 912. Cp. infra 914, 915, 926.

912. mvp-comment-494-1 οὔθ᾽ ὧν πέφυκας αὐτός The royal house of Thebes. Cp. O. T. 1235, θεῖον Ἰοκάστης κάρα.

912. mvp-comment-494-2 Γκουσαν 913 δίκαι᾿ ἀσκοῦσαν] Cp. Hdt. 1.96, 1.90, (of Deioces), δικαιοσύνην ἐπιθέμενος ἤσκεε,

914. mvp-comment-495-1 κραίνουσαν Used here in the Homeric sense of accomplishing, perfecting, and so = determining.

914. mvp-comment-495-2 15. ἀφεὶς .. κύρια Casting off the authorities of this land. Cp. infra 1537, τὰ θεῖ ἀφείς.

916. mvp-comment-496-1 ἄγεις παρίστασαι βίᾳ Carry off and forcibly make subject to you what you will. Cp. Hdt. 3. 45, εἴπερ αὐτοὶ ἱκανοὶ ἦσαν Πολυκράτεα παραστήσασθαι. ἄγειν as in λείαν ἄγειν-originally of cattle.

917. mvp-comment-497-1 κένανδρον Spiritless. Aesch. Pers. 118, 121, uses κένανδρος and γυναικοπληθής of the city whose fighting men are slain. Cp. infra 939, ἄνανδρον, in the reply of Creon.

920. mvp-comment-498-1 It is not her wont to rear unrighteous men.

922. mvp-comment-499-1 3. βίᾳ | ἄγοντα Added in explanation of the preceding clause.

923. mvp-comment-500-1 φωτῶν ἀθλίων ἱκτήρια Poor suppliant mortals. The periphrasis (for which see Essay on Language § 10. p. 17) adds pathetic emphasis to both parts of the expression.

924. mvp-comment-501-1 οὔκουν And I would not. οὖν marks the accordance of what Theseus lays down as the rule of his own conduct with the claim he makes on Thebes. Cp. γοῦν.

927. mvp-comment-502-1 οὔθ᾽ εἰλκον .. ἦγον Would neither have dragged away nor carried off. εἶλκον expresses a greater degree of violence.

929. mvp-comment-503-1 ἀξίαν οὐκ οὖσαν, sc. αἰσχύνεσθαι. For τὴν αὐτὸς αὐτοῦ, cp. infr. 1356.

930-931. mvp-comment-504-1 καί σ'.. κενόν And length of years gives folly to be the companion of thine age. Lit. In making thee old makes thee at the same time void of wisdom. Cp. Ant. 281, μὴ 'φευρεθῇς ἄνους τε καὶ γέρων ἅμα.

933. mvp-comment-505-1 τὰς παῖδας .. τινά That the maidens be brought hither. The impersonal form of expression is here more dignified than if σε were repeated.

934. mvp-comment-506-1 μέτοικος The Schol. observes that this word is used in the general sense of ἔνοικος, and not in its ordinary special meaning. See Essay on Language § 52. P. 97. § 54. p. 99.

936. mvp-comment-507-1 These words come from my mind as truly as from my tongue.'