Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus 470

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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Ay, there is the main marvel. How he moved
From hence, thou knowest, for thou too wert here,
And saw’st that of his friends none guided him,
But he they loved was leader to them all.
Now, when he came to the steep pavement, rooted
With adamant foundation deep in Earth,
1590
On one of many paths he took his stand
Near the stone basin, where Peirithoüs
And Theseus graved their everlasting league.
There, opposite the mass of Laurian ore,
Turned from the hollow pear-tree and the tomb
1595
Of marble, he sate down, and straight undid
His travel-soiled attire, then called aloud
On both his children, and bade some one fetch
Pure water from a running stream. And they,
Hasting together to the neighbouring hill
1600
Of green Demeter, goddess of the Spring,
Brought back their sire’s commission speedily,
And bathed, and clothed him with the sacred robe.
When he was satisfied, and nothing now
Remained undone of all he bade them do,
1605
The God of darkness thundered, and the maids
Stood horror-stricken on hearing; then together
Fell at their father’s knees and wept and wailed
Loudly and long with beating of the breast.
He, when that sound of sorrow pierced his ear,
1610
Caressed them in his arms and said:—‘My daughters,
From this day forth you have no more a father.
All that was mine is ended, and no longer
Shall ye continue your hard ministry
Of labour for my life.—And yet, though hard,
Not unendurable, since all the toil
1615
Was rendered light through love, which ye can never
Receive on earth so richly, as from him
Bereaved of whom ye now shall live forlorn.’
Such was the talk, mingled with sobs and crying,
1620
As each clung fast to each. But when they came
1620
To an end of weeping and those sounds were stilled,
First all was silent; then a sudden voice
Hurried him onward, making each man’s hair
Bristle on end with force of instant fear.
Now here, now there, not once but oftentimes,
1625
A God called loudly, ‘Oedipus, Oedipus!
Why thus delay our going? This long while
We are stayed for and thou tarriest. Come away!’
He, when he knew the summons of the God,
Gave word for royal Theseus to go near;
1630
And when he came, said: ‘Friend for ever kind,
Reach thy right hand, I pray thee (that first pledge)
To these my children:—daughters, yours to him!—
And give thy sacred word that thou wilt never
Betray these willingly: but still perform
1635
All that thou mayest with true thought for their good.’
He, with grand calmness like his noble self,
Promised on oath to keep this friendly bond.
And when he had done so, Oedipus forthwith
Stroking his children with his helpless hands
1640
Spake thus:—‘My daughters, you must steel your hearts
1640
To noble firmness, and depart from hence,
Nor ask to see or hear forbidden things.
Go, go at once! Theseus alone must stay
Sole rightful witness of these mysteries.’
Those accents were the last we all might hear.
1645
Then, following the two maids, with checkless tears
And groans we took our way. But by and by,
At distance looking round, we saw,—not him,
Who was not there,—but Theseus all alone
Holding his hand before his eyes, as if
1650
Some apparition unendurable
Had dazed his vision. In a little while,
We marked him making reverence in one prayer
To the Earth, and to the home of Gods on high.
But by what fate He perished, mortal man,
1655
Save Theseus, none can say. No lightning-flash
From heaven, no tempest rising from the deep,
Caused his departure in that hour, but either
Some messenger from heaven, or, from beneath,
The lower part of Earth, where comes no pain,
1660
Opening kindly to receive him in.
Not to be mourned, nor with a tearful end
Of sickness was he taken from the Earth,
But wondrously, beyond recorded fate.
If any deem my words unwise, I care not
1665
In that man’s judgement to be counted wise.

Oedipus at Colonus. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 470 focus
κρήνης ἐνεγκοῦ, διʼ ὁσίων χειρῶν θιγών.
470
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 510-548 focus
Translations (2)
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 461 focus
Wohl werth des Mitleids, Dedipus, erscheinst du selbst
Und deine Töchter! Aber da du meinem Land
Dich jezt zum Helfer selbst erbeutst mit diesem Wort:
So will ich treulich rathen, was dir frommen kann.
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 510-546c focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-1079-1 ὑφηγητῆρος 1

mvp-comment-1080-1 καταρράκτην 2

mvp-comment-1081-1 χαλκοῖς βάθροισι 3

mvp-comment-1081-2 γῆθεν 5

mvp-comment-1082-1 πολυσχίστων 6

mvp-comment-1083-1 κοίλου … κρατῆρος 7

mvp-comment-1083-2 Θησέως 8

mvp-comment-1084-1 Περίθου 9

mvp-comment-1084-2 κεῖται … ξυνθήματα 10

mvp-comment-1084-3 Others understand:

"where the compact has been made "
( κεῖται =pf. pass. of
τίθημι
),—a lively way of saying,
"was made,"
ἐτέθη
: but this is improbable.— Wecklein conjectures Περίθῳ καλεῖται :
"where men say that the compact of Th. with P. was made"
: the dat. as Tr. 668
τῶν σῶν Ἡρακλεῖ δωρημάτων
: the verb as Simonides fr. 107
ἔνθα καλεῖται...Ἀρτέμιδος...τέμενος
. (Cp. on O. T. 1451 .) This idiom, however, elsewhere always refers to places , not to acts.

mvp-comment-1085-1 (1) With L's

ἐφ’ οὗ
:
" At which (the
κρατήρ"
) he halted, midway between
the other objects. Cp. Il. 22.153
ἔνθα δ’ ἐπ’ αὐτάων πλυνοὶ εὐρέες ἐγγὺς ἔασιν
, at the springs. With
ἐφ’
, L's μέσου is possible;
"at which, midway as it is."
(2) With Brunck's
ἀφ’ οὗ
, it becomes necessary to read μέσος . The
κρατήρ
is then one of four points from which the point denoted by
μέσος
is measured. The second ἀπό may be taken with
ἀχέρδου
also: cp. O.T. 734, 761.

mvp-comment-1085-2 μέσος 11

mvp-comment-1085-3 τοῦ τε Θορικίου πέτρου 12

mvp-comment-1086-1 κοίλης τ’ ἀχέρδου 13

mvp-comment-1086-2 κἀπὸ λαΐνου τάφου 14

mvp-comment-1086-3 The power and beauty of this passage are in no way lessened for us because we know nothing of the basin or the stone, the tree or the tomb. Rather it might be said that the very fact of our ignorance illustrates the spirit in which these details are introduced. Their significance is essentially local:

ταῦτα γνώριμα τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις
(schol.). They show us how the blind man, who had never been at Colonus before, placed himself at precisely the due point in the midst of its complex sanctities. The god made him as one who had the most intimate and minute knowledge of the ground.

mvp-comment-1087-1 ἔλυσε 15

mvp-comment-1087-2 δυσπινεῖς 16

mvp-comment-1088-1 ῥυτῶν 17

mvp-comment-1089-1 They go to a hillock a little way off, on which was a shrine of Demeter Euchloös. See map in Introd.

mvp-comment-1089-2 εὐχλόου 18

mvp-comment-1089-3 προσόψιον 19

mvp-comment-1090-1 )πόρευσαν 20

mvp-comment-1090-2 ταχεῖ σὺν χρ 21

mvp-comment-1090-3 λουτροῖς 22

mvp-comment-1091-1 ᾗ νομίζεται 23

mvp-comment-1092-1 παντὸς … δρῶντος 24

mvp-comment-1093-1 ἀργὸν 25

mvp-comment-1094-1 κτύπησε 26

mvp-comment-1094-2 Ζεὺς χθ 27

mvp-comment-1095-1 οὐδ’ ἀνίεσαν 28

mvp-comment-1095-2 pammh/keis 29

mvp-comment-1096-1 ἐξαίφνης 30

mvp-comment-1097-1 πάντα τἀμά 31

mvp-comment-1098-1 τὴν δυσπόν 32

mvp-comment-1098-2 ἀμφ’ ἐμοὶ 33

mvp-comment-1098-3 τροφήν 34

mvp-comment-1098-4 σκληρὰν 35

mvp-comment-1098-5 ἀλλὰ … γὰρ 36

mvp-comment-1098-6 ἕν … ἔπος 37

mvp-comment-1098-7 λύει 38

mvp-comment-1099-1 τητώμεναι 39

mvp-comment-1100-1 ἐπ’ ἀλλήλ. ἀμφικ. 40

mvp-comment-1100-2 λύγδην 41

mvp-comment-1101-1 σιωπή 42

mvp-comment-1101-2 τινὸς 43

mvp-comment-1102-1 θώϋξεν αὐτόν 44

mvp-comment-1102-2 πάντας 45

mvp-comment-1102-3 φόβῳ 46

mvp-comment-1102-4 ἐξαίφνης 47

mvp-comment-1103-1 πολλὰ πολλαχῇ 48

mvp-comment-1103-2 It is strange that a modern critic should have thought this

"alienissimum a divina maiestate"
(Schaefer). He must have forgotten that a divine summons had already been thrice repeated when
"the LORD came, and stood, and called as at other times, Samuel, Samuel."

mvp-comment-1104-1 ὦ οὗτος 49

mvp-comment-1104-2 οὗτος 50

mvp-comment-1105-1 χωρεῖν 51

mvp-comment-1105-2 τἀπὸ σοῦ 52 βραδύνεται 53

mvp-comment-1106-1 οἱ 54

mvp-comment-1107-1 ὁρκίαν 55

mvp-comment-1107-2 ἀρχαίαν 56

mvp-comment-1107-3 (1) Two other conjectures claim notice. ἀρθμίαν (Wecklein)=

"in a friendly compact."
Cp. Od. 16.427
οἱ δ’ ἡμῖν ἄρθμιοι ἦσαν
,
"they were in amity with us."
In Ph. 1132 Erfurdt has restored
ἄρθμιον
(as =
"trusty comrade"
) for
ἄθλιον
. But this epithet does not strengthen
πίστιν
. (2) ἀρκίαν (L. Schmidt)=
"sure."
The only support for this is the epic phrase
μισθὸς ἄρκιος
( Il. 10.304 , Od. 18.358 , Hes. Op. 368 ).

mvp-comment-1108-1 ἑκών 57

mvp-comment-1109-1 μέλλῃς 58

mvp-comment-1109-2 φρονῶν εὖ 59

mvp-comment-1109-3 εὖ φρονῶν 60

mvp-comment-1110-1 οὐκ οἴκτου μέτα 61

mvp-comment-1111-1 ὅρκιος 62

mvp-comment-1112-1 ἀμαυραῖς 63

mvp-comment-1113-1 τλάσας … τὸ γενναῖον φρενὶ 64

mvp-comment-1113-2 φρενὶ 65

mvp-comment-1114-1 ἃ μὴ 66

mvp-comment-1114-2 φωνούντων 67

mvp-comment-1115-1 ὁ κύριος 68

mvp-comment-1116-1 εἰσηκούσαμεν 69

mvp-comment-1116-2 ξύμπαντες 70

mvp-comment-1116-3 ἀστακτὶ 71

mvp-comment-1117-1 ἐξαπείδομεν 72

mvp-comment-1117-2 τὸν ἄνδρα τὸν μὲν 73

mvp-comment-1118-1 αὐτὸν 74

mvp-comment-1118-2 ὀμμ 75

mvp-comment-1118-3 ἐπίσκιον 76

mvp-comment-1119-1 ἀντέχοντα 77

mvp-comment-1120-1 γῆν τε … καὶ … Ὄλυμπον 78

mvp-comment-1120-2 ἐν ταὐτῷ λόγῳ 79

mvp-comment-1121-1 ἐξέπραξεν 80

mvp-comment-1121-2 ποντία θύελλα κινηθεῖσα 81

mvp-comment-1122-1 πομπός 83

mvp-comment-1122-2 ἢ τὸ νερτέρων γῆς βάθρον 84

mvp-comment-1122-3 ἀλύπητον 85

mvp-comment-1122-4 ἀλάμπετον 86

mvp-comment-1123-1 οὐ στενακτὸς 87

mvp-comment-1123-2 σὺν νόσοις 88

mvp-comment-1123-3 ἀλγεινὸς 89

mvp-comment-1124-1 εἰ δὲ μὴ δοκῶ 90

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

1586. mvp-comment-847-1 τοῦτ᾽, the reading of Par. A, is preferred to ταῦτ', the reading of L, because the pronoun appears from its position to be the subject of ἐστίν ..

1586. mvp-comment-847-2 πρέπον, and not merely the object of ἀποθαυμάσαι.

1586. mvp-comment-847-3 κἀποθαυμάσαι καί, belonging to the whole clause, emphasizes the manner of the death of Oedipus as distinguished from the fact, which has been already told, and the previous circumstances, which are known to all. Ay, this it is which may well move your wonder.

1587. mvp-comment-848-1 παρών Having witnessed it. Essay on Language § 32. p. 55.

1588. mvp-comment-849-1 ὑφηγητῆρος Sc. ὄντος, Essay on Language § 9. p. 14.

1589. mvp-comment-850-1 ἐξηγούμενος Leading the way. Cp. supra 1520, χώρον.. έξηγησομαι.

1590. mvp-comment-851-1 τὸν καταρράκτην ὀδόν The precipitous threshold, rooted in earth with foundations of brass. The ὀδός (supra 57) is probably the entrance to a cleft in the native rock, and is called καταρράκτης because supposed to lead directly down to Tartarus. The χαλκά βάθρα are probably not a literal staircase, but, like the epithet χαλκόπους, supr. 57, recal the σιδηρεῖαί τε πύλαι καὶ χαλκέος οὐδός of Homer's description. See Introduction. For this meaning of βάθρα in the plural, cp. Eur. Tro. 47, ὦ .. πόλις.. ἦσθ᾽ ἂν ἐν βάθροις ἔτι, and for γῆθεν ἐρριζωμένον, cp. Od. 13. 163. of the ship changed by Poseidon to an islet, λᾶαν ἔθηκε καὶ ἐρρίζωσεν ἔνερθεν.

1592. mvp-comment-852-1 *πολυσχίστων This conjecture of Heath's has been universally accepted. Cp. Plato. Phaed. 168 A. The word was no doubt descriptive of the paths actually converging towards the χαλκοῦς ὀδός, and the language indicates the precision with which the blind Oedipus followed the guidance of the God.

1593. mvp-comment-853-1 κρατῆροs Elmsley is probably right in saying, Crater, de quo nunc agitur, lapideus fuisse videtur, ἀνδρὸς εὔχειρος τέχνη, ut illi, quorum mentio fit v. 472. It may have been fabled that this bowl received the blood of the sacrifice which confirmed the league of Theseus and Pirithous, and some record of their agreement may have been engraven on it. Cp. Eur. Suppl. 1202, ἔγγραψον ὅρκους τρίποδος ἐν κοίλῳ κύτει. Where the compact of Theseus and Pirithous is registered, never to be annulled. The bowl was probably at the entrance to one of the cavities in the rock.

1595. mvp-comment-854-1 6. Midway between this and the fragment of rock from Thoricus, and the hollow pear-tree and the sarcophagus of stone.' The traditional text may mean, Right opposite to this and the Thorician rock, away from the hollow pear-tree and stone tomb. But Brunck's easy correction makes a better context. The object is to define accurately the exact position of Oedipus when last seen, corresponding probably to the place where rites were since performed in his honour. Cp. supr. 1532 and note, and 477.

1600-1601. mvp-comment-855-1 There does not appear to be sufficient reason for construing these words with Hermann, 'The hill which commands a view of the temple of Demeter Chloe. Although the temple near the Acropolis, mentioned by Pausanias and the Scholiast, cannot be meant, there may well have been other places in the neighbourhood sacred to the same Goddess. Transl. The eminence, full in view, of Demeter, who makes the tender blade to grow. The knoll, a quarter of a mile to the east of Colonus, has some remains of buildings, and is plentifully supplied with water at the present day. See Introd. p. 283.

1601. mvp-comment-856-1 τάσδ᾽ ἐπιστολάς Abstract for concrete, Brought these commands,' i.e. The things thus commanded.

1602. mvp-comment-857-1 ταχεῖ .. σὺν χρόνῳ With time that quickly passed, i. e. With despatch. Cp. supr. 7 and note.

1603. mvp-comment-858-1 ᾗ νομίζεται (1) As is customary, sc. in immediate prospect of death. Cp. Eur. Alc. 158. ἐπεὶ γὰρ ᾔσθεθ᾽ ἡμέραν τὴν κυρίαν | ἥκουσαν, ὕδασι ποταμίοις λευκὸν χρόα | ἐλούσατ᾽, ἐκ δ᾽ ἑλοῦσα κεδρίνων δόμων | ἐσθῆτα κόσμον τ᾽ εὐπρεπῶς ἠσκήσατο. Or (2) Such raiment as is customary, viz. at the shrine of the Eumenides. The ἔποικος would supply what was necessary: supra 506.

1604. mvp-comment-859-1 'And when all was doing to his heart's content, and no part of his desire was now neglected.' δρῶντος is a singular instance of the abstract use of the active participle, noticed in the Essay on Language $ 30. p. 51. Cp. supra 1220, τοῦ θέλοντος, etc. This is the only satisfactory explanation of the passage. As often happens, the second line, κοὐκ ἦν, κ.τ.λ., states negatively what is affirmed in the first.

1605. mvp-comment-860-1 For ἀργόν, cp. Ο. Τ. 287 and n.

1606. mvp-comment-861-1 Ζεὺς χθόνιος The rumbling noise beneath the earth accompanying an earthquake is attributed to Hades, as the thunder to Zeus. For this name of Hades, cp. Hom. Il. 9. 457, Ζεύς τε καταχθόνιος καὶ ἐπαινὴ Περσεφόνεια : Hes. Op. 465: Aesch. Suppl. 157. And for χθόνιος βροντή, Aesch. Prom. 993, 4, Eur. Hipp. 1201, Phoen. 1181-1182, ἐκτύπησε δὲ | χθών, ὥστε δεῖσαι πάντας.

1607. mvp-comment-862-1 ῥίγησαν Homeric word: Il. 12.208, Τρώες δ᾽ ἐρρίγησαν, ὅπως ἴδον αἰόλον ὄφιν.

1608. mvp-comment-863-1 οὐδ᾽ ἀνίεσαν And ceased not from. Cp. 1. 1610. Mr. Palmer takes the words differently. In his note on l. 1636, he says, It was unbecoming in a man of any nobleness of spirit to give way to loud lamentation; therefore it is said even of the daughters, οὐδ᾽ ἀνίεσαν, κ.τ.λ. But the moment for silence and reserve is not yet come, and the natural feelings are for the time unchecked (cp. 1620, foll.). Compare Hom. Od. 16. 213, foll. "Ως ἄρα φωνήσας κατ᾿ ἄρ᾽ ἔζετο, Τηλέμαχος δὲ | ἀμφιχυθεὶς πατέρ᾽ ἐσθλὸν ὀδύρετο, δάκρυα λείβων. | ἀμφοτέροισι δὲ τοῖσιν ὑφ᾽ ἵμερος ὥρτο γόοιο. | κλαῖον δὲ λιγέως, ἀδινώτερον ἤ τ' οἰωνοί, | φῆναι ἡ αἰγυπιοὶ γαμψώνυχες, οἷσί τε τέκνα | ἀγροταὶ ἐξείλοντο πάρος πετεηνὰ γενέσθαι. | ὡς ἄρα τοίγ᾽ ἐλεεινὸν ὑπ᾿ ὀφρύσι δάκρυον εἶβον. It is to be remembered, too, that this scene is only reported, not represented on the stage. That οὐδ' ἀνίεσαν has probably a different meaning in O. T. 1277, is no objection to the above rendering.

1609. mvp-comment-864-1 παμμήκεις Long and loud. μακρός has continually the meaning of loud, in connection with sounds. But here there is probably also the further association, Prolonged.'

1610. mvp-comment-865-1 ὡς ἀκούει .. ἐξαίφνης When all at once he hears....' φθόγγον . . πικρόν] • The piteous sound.' Ant. 423-424, κἀνακωκύει πικρᾶς | ὄρνιθος ὀξὺν φθόγγον.

1611. mvp-comment-866-1 πτύξας ἐπ᾿ αὐταῖς χεῖρας Folding his arms about them. For χεῖρες in this sense, cp. El. 1226.

1613. mvp-comment-867-1 All that was mine is at an end,' and therefore also my dependence on your filial care.

1614. mvp-comment-868-1 τὴν δυσπόνητον τροφήν] The sad laborious nursing ye have spent on me.' τροφή is here used actively, as in Εl. 1143, οἴμοι τάλαινα τῆς ἐμῆς πάλαι τροφῆς | ἀνωφελήτου, τὴν ἐγὼ θάμ᾿ ἀμφὶ σοὶ | πόνῳ γλυκεῖ παρέσχον.

1615. mvp-comment-869-1 σκληρὰν μέν σκληράν is added in apposition, and is then opposed with μέν to what follows. It has been troublesome, that I know well, my daughters: but then the one word "love" has power to cancel all this trouble. And love ye have had from none in greater measure than from me, of whom bereft ye will pass what now remains to you of life.

1620-1621. mvp-comment-870-1 τοιαῦτ᾽ .. ἔκλαιον i. e. τοιαῦτα .. κλαίοντες ἔλεγον.

1622. mvp-comment-871-1 ὠρώρει βοή Homeric expression. Il. 18. 498, ἔνθα δὲ νεῖκος | ὠρώρει.

1624. mvp-comment-872-1 θώϋξεν Urged him with shouting. The omission of the augment in this case with a consonant preceding makes it probable that in the other cases in this speech, e. g. 1606, κτύπησε, 1607, ῥίγησαν, 1608, κλαῖον, the augment is dropped Epicè and not elided after the preceding vowel. The MSS. omit the augments very frequently. Cp. supr. 438 and v. rr. For the construction, cp. supra 1598, ἀΰσας παῖδας.

1624-1625. mvp-comment-873-1 ὥστε .. τρίχας So that the hair of all stood up in the alarm of sudden fear. ἐξαίφνης belongs both to the participle and the verb, and the dative φόβῳ is in construction with both. Cp. Tr. 175-176, ἐκπηδᾷν ἐμὲ φόβῳ ταρβοῦσαν.

1625. mvp-comment-874-1 στῆσαι.. τρίχας is said, as in φῦσαι ὀδύντας and the like language, at- tributing to the subject, as the ἀρχή of his actions, even mechanical and unconscious processes. Cp. supr. 149, and note. Essay on Language § 30. p. 52.

1626. mvp-comment-875-1 πολλὰ πολλαχή Shak. Ham. 1.5, Hic et ubique? then we ll shift our ground. 1627, foll. Cp. Eur. Alc. 253, Χάρων μ᾽ ἤδη καλεῖ· τί μέλλεις; ἐπείγου· σὺ κατείργεις τάδε. τοῖα σπερχόμενος ταχύνει : Ar. Lys. 606, ὁ Χάρων σε καλεῖ, σὺ δὲ κωλύεις ἀνάγεσθαι. In the present case not Charon but Hermes, cp. supr. 1548, or the δαίμων of Oedipus, is probably meant. The absence of any name, as in several of the concludiug passages of this play, adds to the solemnity of the effect.

1628. mvp-comment-876-1 πάλαι.. βραδύνεται • You are already much to blame for our delay.' 1632. δός μοι χερὸς σῆς πίστιν ἀρχαίαν τέκνοις] I pray thee give to my children thy right hand, that time-honoured pledge. Various meanings have been given to ἀρχαίαν.

Πίστιν ἀρχαίαν dicit, quae firma maneat, olim antiqua futura. Sic Aeschylus, Agam. 578, θεοῖς λάφυρα ταῦτα τοῖς καθ' Ἑλλάδα δόμοις ἐπασσάλευσαν ἀρχαῖον γάνος.
(Herm.)
Πίστιν ἀρχαίαν] Antiquam, spectatam.
(Dind.) 'ἀρχαίαν, die alte, bisher bewiesene (nach 632 f.). (Schneidewin) It is simpler and better to explain the epithet as a general one; i. e. The right hand, which from time immemorial has been a solemn pledge amongst mankind. Cp. Eur. Med. 21, 2. ἀνακαλεῖ δὲ δεξιᾶς | πίστιν μεγίστην: Plat. Legg. 7,793 B. See also Tr. 1181-1182.

1633. mvp-comment-877-1 ὑμεῖς τε, παῖδες, τῷδε Haec verba διὰ μέσου esse ostendunt imperativi δóς et καταίνεσον, quae ad eandem personam spectant. (Herm.) Cp. Thuc. 5.17, ὤμοσαν, ἐκεῖνοί τε πρὸς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους, τάδε.

1634-1635. mvp-comment-878-1 τελεῖν.. ἀεί ‘But that in all that it lies in you to do, you will act with kindly care for their best good." Cp. infr. 1773.

1636. mvp-comment-879-1 οὐκ οἴκτου μέτα Without giving way to grief; i. e. With no weak expression of feeling, which would have been of evil omen for Athens. Aesch. S. c. Τ. 51, οἶκτος δ᾽ οὔτις ἦν διὰ στόμα· σιδηρόφρων γὰρ θυμὸς ἀνδρείᾳ φλέγων ἔπνει, λεόντων ὡς Ἄρη δεδορκότων. Οἱ the conjectures (which are quite unnecessary) ὄγκου (Musgr.) is preferable to ὄκνου.

1640. mvp-comment-880-1 Cp. the action of Socrates in Plat. Phaedo, 116 Β, τὰς μὲν γυναῖκας καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἀπιέναι ἐκέλευσεν, αὐτὸς δὲ ἦκε παρ᾿ ἡμᾶς.

1640. mvp-comment-880-2

τλάσας .. τὸ γενναῖον
With noble fortitude. Cp Eur. Med. 393, τόλμης δ' εἶμι πρὸς τὸ κάρτερον. Similar adverbial expressions occur in later poets; e g. Theocr. Idyll. 1. 41, κάμνοντι τὸ κάρτερον ἀνδρὶ ἔοικας: 3. 18, ὦ τὸ καλὸν ποθορῶσα.

1642. mvp-comment-881-1 μηδὲ φωνούντων κλύειν Sc. ἃ μὴ θέμις ἐστὶ κλύειν. For μή, see Essay on Language § 29. p. 48, and cp. Ant. 546, μηδ' ἃ μὴ θιγες, κ.τ.λ.

1643. mvp-comment-882-1 ὁ κύριος κύριος here. as in l. 288 supra, has the general sense of sovereign, and also a particular reference to the case in point = Whose right herein is perfect.'

1644. mvp-comment-883-1 μανθάνων Being cognisant of.

1646. mvp-comment-884-1 ἀστακτί i. e. ἀστακτὶ λείβοντες δάκρυα For this condensation, see Essay on Language § 43. p. 82.

1648. mvp-comment-885-1 στραφέντες i. e. 'Returning towards the spot.'

1648. mvp-comment-885-2 ἐξαπείδομεν "We saw, as from afar off.' Schol. ἴδιον αὐτοῦ τὸ πολλαῖς κεχρῆσθαι προθέσεσι· παραφυλακτέον δὲ πῶς καὶ τὰ ἄρρητα ὑπ᾿ ὄψιν ἤγαγεν ὁ ἄγγελος ἐκ τῶν σχημάτων μηνύων.

1649. mvp-comment-886-1 τὸν ἄνδρα, κ.τ.λ. The anacoluthon helps to mark the suddenness of the disappearance. The messenger begins as if he were speaking of Oedipus, he then corrects himself to say that Oedipus was no more seen, but Theseus only, who was holding his hand before his eyes. For a similar turn of sentence, cp Hom. Od. 5. 265, fol., ἐν δὲ οἱ ἀσκὸν ἔθηκε θεὰ μέλανος οἴνοιο | τὸν ἕτερον, ἕτερον δ᾽ ὕδατος μέγαν.

1653. mvp-comment-887-1 ἔπειτα.. βαιόν A little afterwards, like βαιὸν. ἔνερθεν, Phil. 20. 1654-1655. Shak. Ham. 1. 5, O all ye host of heaven! O earth! what else? And shall I couple hell?'

1655. mvp-comment-888-1 τὸν θεῶν Ὄλυμπον Cp. О. Т. 867, and note.

1659. mvp-comment-889-1 So the prayer of the chorus is fulfilled: supra 1561.

1659. mvp-comment-889-2 ἐξέπραξεν Eur. Hec. 515, πῶς καί νιν ἐξεπράξατ'; 1661-1662. But either a guardian from the gods, or the lower part of earth that holds the dead, opening kindly for him, where there is no more pain.

1659. mvp-comment-889-3 ἀλύπητον has been generally taken causatively to mean Without giving him pain; but even if this meaning were admissible, which is doubtful, there would be an awkwardness in having two secondary predicates, εὔνουν and ἀλύπητον. The position of the word indicates that it is to be taken as attributive. ἀλάμπετον, unillumined, the marginal reading of L, may possibly be right. Elmsley, who was doubtful on this point, gives the above meaning, Free from pain,' to ἀλύπητον, ὅπου μὴ λυπεῖταί Cp. supra 955, θανόντων δ᾽ οὐδὲν ἄλγος ἅπτεται.

1662-1663. mvp-comment-890-1 στενακτός and ἀλγεινός have been explained to mean Groaning and Suffering pain. But the more usual meaning gives a better and more consistent sense. An object of mourning. Giving pain to others. Cp. O.Τ. 1237, 8, τῶν δὲ πραχθέντων τὰ μὲν | ἄλγιστ᾽ ἄπεστιν. His departure was not accompanied with mourning, nor with sickness, so as to be a spectacle of pain, but it was a spectacle of admiration, unsurpassed. Cp. Plato, Phaedo, 59 Α, οὐδὲν πάνυ μοι ἐλεεινὸν εἰσῄει, ὡς εἰκὸς ἂν δόξειεν εἶναι παρόντι πένθει ..

1662-1663. mvp-comment-890-2 ἀλλ᾽ ἀτέχνως ἄτοπόν τί μοι πάθος παμῆν.

1666. mvp-comment-891-1 οὐκ ἂν παρείμην I do not care to gain the assent of those who think me unwise in this; i. e. I am contented to hold my own opinion. Cp. Aj. 1038-1039, ὅτῳ δὲ μὴ τάδ᾽ ἐστὶν ἐν γνώμῃ φίλα, | κεῖνος τ᾽ ἐκεῖνα στεργέτω, κἀγὼ τάδε. And for παρίεμαι, with accusative, meaning To obtain the consent of,' cp. Plat. Legg. 742 Β, παρέμενος τοὺς ἄρχοντας : 951 Α, τοὺς νομοφυλάκας παρέμενος.