Sophocles, Electra, Lewis Campbell (Translator), 83

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EL

Not unashamed, assure thee, I stand here,

Little as thou mayest deem it. Well I feel

My acts untimely and my words unmeet.

But your hostility and treatment force me

Against my disposition to this course.
620

Harsh ways are taught by harshness.

Electra. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)

Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 83 focus

ἥκιστα, μηδὲν πρόσθεν ἢ τὰ Λοξίου

Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 121-250 focus

Χορός

ὦ παῖ, παῖ δυστανοτάτας

Ἠλέκτρα ματρός, τίνʼ ἀεὶ

τάκεις ὧδʼ ἀκόρεστον οἰμωγὰν

τὸν πάλαι ἐκ δολερᾶς ἀθεώτατα

ματρὸς ἁλόντʼ ἀπάταις Ἀγαμέμνονα
125

κακᾷ τε χειρὶ πρόδοτον; ὡς ὁ τάδε πορὼν

ὄλοιτʼ, εἴ μοι θέμις τάδʼ αὐδᾶν.

Ἠλέκτρα

ὦ γενέθλα γενναίων,

ἥκετʼ ἐμῶν καμάτων παραμύθιον.
130

οἶδά τε καὶ ξυνίημι τάδʼ, οὔ τί με

φυγγάνει, οὐδʼ ἐθέλω προλιπεῖν τόδε,

μὴ οὐ τὸν ἐμὸν στενάχειν πατέρʼ ἄθλιον.

ἀλλʼ ὦ παντοίας φιλότητος ἀμειβόμεναι χάριν,

ἐᾶτέ μʼ ὧδʼ ἀλύειν,
135

αἰαῖ, ἱκνοῦμαι.

137

Χορός

ἀλλʼ οὔτοι τόν γʼ ἐξ Ἀΐδα

παγκοίνου λίμνας πατέρʼ ἀν-

στάσεις οὔτε γόοισιν οὔτʼ εὐχαῖς.

ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ τῶν μετρίων ἐπʼ ἀμήχανον
140

ἄλγος ἀεὶ στενάχουσα διόλλυσαι,

ἐν οἷς ἀνάλυσίς ἐστιν οὐδεμία κακῶν.

τί μοι τῶν δυσφόρων ἐφίει;

Ἠλέκτρα

νήπιος ὃς τῶν οἰκτρῶς

οἰχομένων γονέων ἐπιλάθεται.
145

ἀλλʼ ἐμέ γʼ ἁ στονόεσσʼ ἄραρεν φρένας,

ἃ Ἴτυν, αἰὲν Ἴτυν ὀλοφύρεται,

ὄρνις ἀτυζομένα, Διὸς ἄγγελος.

ἰὼ παντλάμων Νιόβα, σὲ δʼ ἔγωγε νέμω θεόν,
150

ἅτʼ ἐν τάφῳ πετραίῳ

αἰεὶ δακρύεις.

154

Χορός

οὔτοι σοὶ μούνᾳ, τέκνον,

ἄχος ἐφάνη βροτῶν,
155

πρὸς ὅ τι σὺ τῶν ἔνδον εἶ περισσά,

οἷς ὁμόθεν εἶ καὶ γονᾷ ξύναιμος,

οἵα Χρυσόθεμις ζώει καὶ Ἰφιάνασσα,

κρυπτᾷ τʼ ἀχέων ἐν ἥβᾳ,

ὄλβιος, ὃν ἁ κλεινὰ
160

γᾶ ποτε Μυκηναίων

δέξεται εὐπατρίδαν, Διὸς εὔφρονι

βήματι μολόντα τάνδε γᾶν Ὀρέσταν.

Ἠλέκτρα

ὅν γʼ ἐγὼ ἀκάματα προσμένουσʼ, ἄτεκνος,

τάλαινʼ, ἀνύμφευτος αἰὲν οἰχνῶ,
165

δάκρυσι μυδαλέα, τὸν ἀνήνυτον

οἶτον ἔχουσα κακῶν· ὁ δὲ λάθεται

ὧν τʼ ἔπαθʼ ὧν τʼ ἐδάη. τί γὰρ οὐκ ἐμοὶ

ἔρχεται ἀγγελίας ἀπατώμενον;
170

ἀεὶ μὲν γὰρ ποθεῖ,

ποθῶν δʼ οὐκ ἀξιοῖ φανῆναι.

174

Χορός

θάρσει μοι, θάρσει, τέκνον.

ἔτι μέγας οὐρανῷ
175

Ζεύς, ὃς ἐφορᾷ πάντα καὶ κρατύνει·

ᾧ τὸν ὑπεραλγῆ χόλον νέμουσα

μήθʼ οἷς ἐχθαίρεις ὑπεράχθεο μήτʼ ἐπιλάθου·

χρόνος γὰρ εὐμαρὴς θεός.

οὔτε γὰρ ὁ τὰν Κρῖσαν
180

βούνομον ἔχων ἀκτὰν

παῖς Ἀγαμεμνονίδας ἀπερίτροπος

οὔθʼ ὁ παρὰ τὸν Ἀχέροντα θεὸς ἀνάσσων.

Ἠλέκτρα

ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ μὲν ὁ πολὺς ἀπολέλοιπεν ἤδη
185

βίοτος ἀνέλπιστος, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἀρκῶ·

ἅτις ἄνευ τεκέων κατατάκομαι,

ἇς φίλος οὔτις ἀνὴρ ὑπερίσταται,

ἀλλʼ ἁπερεί τις ἔποικος ἀναξία

οἰκονομῶ θαλάμους πατρός, ὧδε μὲν
190

ἀεικεῖ σὺν στολᾷ,

κεναῖς δʼ ἀμφίσταμαι τραπέζαις.

193

Χορός

οἰκτρὰ μὲν νόστοις αὐδά,

οἰκτρὰ δʼ ἐν κοίταις πατρῴαις

ὅτε οἱ παγχάλκων ἀνταία
195

γενύων ὡρμάθη πλαγά.

δόλος ἦν ὁ φράσας, ἔρος ὁ κτείνας,

δεινὰν δεινῶς προφυτεύσαντες

μορφάν, εἴτʼ οὖν θεὸς εἴτε βροτῶν

ἦν ὁ ταῦτα πράσσων.
200

Ἠλέκτρα

ὦ πασᾶν κείνα πλέον ἁμέρα

ἐλθοῦσʼ ἐχθίστα δή μοι·

ὦ νύξ, ὦ δείπνων ἀρρήτων

ἔκπαγλʼ ἄχθη,

τοὺς ἐμὸς ἴδε πατὴρ
205

θανάτους αἰκεῖς διδύμαιν χειροῖν,

αἳ τὸν ἐμὸν εἷλον βίον πρόδοτον, αἵ μʼ ἀπώλεσαν·

οἷς θεὸς ὁ μέγας Ὀλύμπιος

ποίνιμα πάθεα παθεῖν πόροι,
210

μηδέ ποτʼ ἀγλαΐας ἀποναίατο

τοιάδʼ ἀνύσαντες ἔργα.

213

Χορός

φράζου μὴ πόρσω φωνεῖν.

οὐ γνώμαν ἴσχεις ἐξ οἵων

τὰ παρόντʼ οἰκείας εἰς ἄτας
215

ἐμπίπτεις οὕτως αἰκῶς;

πολὺ γάρ τι κακῶν ὑπερεκτήσω,

σᾷ δυσθύμῳ τίκτουσʼ ἀεὶ

ψυχᾷ πολέμους· τὰ δὲ τοῖς δυνατοῖς

οὐκ ἐριστὰ πλάθειν.
220

Ἠλέκτρα

δεινοῖς ἠναγκάσθην, δεινοῖς·

ἔξοιδʼ, οὐ λάθει μʼ ὀργά.

ἀλλʼ ἐν γὰρ δεινοῖς οὐ σχήσω

ταύτας ἄτας,

ὄφρα με βίος ἔχῃ.
225

τίνι γάρ ποτʼ ἄν, ὦ φιλία γενέθλα,

πρόσφορον ἀκούσαιμʼ ἔπος, τίνι φρονοῦντι καίρια;

ἄνετέ μʼ ἄνετε, παράγοροι·

τάδε γὰρ ἄλυτα κεκλήσεται,

οὐδέ ποτʼ ἐκ καμάτων ἀποπαύσομαι
230

ἀνάριθμος ὧδε θρήνων.

233

Χορός

ἀλλʼ οὖν εὐνοίᾳ γʼ αὐδῶ,

μάτηρ ὡσεί τις πιστά,

μὴ τίκτειν σʼ ἄταν ἄταις.
235

Ἠλέκτρα

καὶ τί μέτρον κακότατος ἔφυ; φέρε,

πῶς ἐπὶ τοῖς φθιμένοις ἀμελεῖν καλόν;

ἐν τίνι τοῦτʼ ἔβλαστʼ ἀνθρώπων;

μήτʼ εἴην ἔντιμος τούτοις

μήτʼ, εἴ τῳ πρόσκειμαι χρηστῷ,
240

ξυνναίοιμʼ εὔκηλος, γονέων

ἐκτίμους ἴσχουσα πτέρυγας

ὀξυτόνων γόων.

εἰ γὰρ ὁ μὲν θανὼν γᾶ τε καὶ οὐδὲν ὢν
245

κείσεται τάλας,

οἱ δὲ μὴ πάλιν

δώσουσʼ ἀντιφόνους δίκας,

ἔρροι τʼ ἂν αἰδὼς

ἁπάντων τʼ εὐσέβεια θνατῶν.
250

Translations (4)

German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 86 focus

Oheiliges Licht¹

(Sie gehen ab. Elektra tritt aus dem Palaste.) (allein)

Elektra.

Und erdumströmende Luft, o wie oft

Habt ihr mein gramvoll Klaglied,

Wie oft es gehört, da verzweifelnd

Ich die blutende Brust mit den Händen zerschlug,
90

Wenn finstere Nacht von der Erde verschwand!

Und den nächtlichen Gram dann, ach, ihn kennt

Mein düstres Gemach in dem Unglückshaus,

Sieht weinen mich oft um des Vaters Geschick,

Dem nicht in des Fremdlings fernem Gebiet
95

Gott Ares erschloß sein blutiges Haus,

Nein, dem sein Weib und der Buhle mit ihr,

Aegisthos, so wie Holzhauer den Baum,

Mit mordendem Beil hier spalten das Haupt.

Und Klagen erhebt kein anderes Weib,
100

Als ich, mein Vater, um dich, der so

Schmachvoll und kläglich dahinstarb.

English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 83 focus

Electra

Then what am I?

I too am nothing.

Disturb us not — most welcome messenger !

Go on, I beg thee, let me hear it all !

Say how he died, tell every circumstance.

English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 83 focus

Attendant

If they portend me good, Lycæan king,

Bring thou to good effect: if ill, avert

That ill from me, and turn it on my foes!

From this high state if treacherous malice works
635

To sink me, crush, oh crush the close design,
635

Protect me always in this life of bliss,
635

To sway the sceptre, and to rule the house

Of the Atridæ, happy in those friends

Whose pleasing converse daily I enjoy,

And in those children, who ne'er grieve my heart

With wayward clamours and malignant hate.

Hear me, Lycæan Phœbus, favouring hear,

Grant to us all, as we implore thy grace:

All other things, though silence chains my tongue,

Thou, as a god, my soul confides, must know:

Nought from the sons of Jove can be conceal'd.

English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 121-250 focus

Chorus

Ah, Electra, child of a most wretched mother, why are you always wasting away in this unsated mourning for Agamemnon, who long ago was godlessly

ensnared in your false mother’s wiles and betrayed by her corrupt hand? May the one who did that perish, if I may speak such a curse without breaking the gods’ laws.
125

Electra

Ah, noble-hearted girls,

you have come to relieve me in my troubles. I know and feel it: it does not escape me. Still I cannot leave this task undone, nor abandon this mourning for my poor father. Ah, friends whose love responds to mine in every mood,
130

allow me to rave as I am, oh, please, I beg you!
135

137

Chorus

But never by weeping nor by prayer will you resurrect your father from the pool of Hades which receives all men.

No, by grieving without end and beyond due limits you will find cureless misery and your own ruin; in these actions there is no deliverance from evils. Tell us, why do you pursue such suffering?
140

Electra

Foolish is the child who forgets a parent’s piteous death. No, closer to my heart is the mourner who eternally wails, Itys, Itys, that bird mad with grief, the messenger of Zeus.
145

Ah, all-suffering Niobe, you I count divine, since you weep forever in your rocky tomb!
150

154

Chorus

Not to you alone of mortals, my daughter, has sorrow come,

though you face it with less restraint than those girls inside, Chrysothemis and Iphianassa, whose parents and blood you share. They still live, as he, too, lives, sorrowing in his secluded youth,
155

yet happy in that this famous realm of the Mycenaeans shall one day receive him as a noble lord, if with the blessing of Zeus’s escort he, Orestes, returns to this land.
160

Electra

Yes, I await him with unwearied longing,

as I walk my sad path from day to day childless and unwed, bathed in tears, bearing that endless doom of evils. But he forgets all that he has suffered and learned.
165

What message comes to me that is not proven false? He constantly desires to be with us, but though he desires it, he does not choose to appear.
170

174

Chorus

Courage, my daughter, courage; Zeus in the sky

is still mighty, and he sees and rules all. Leave your oversharp anger to him; be neither excessively hostile to those you hate, nor forgetful of them, since Time is a god who brings ease.
175

Neither the son of Agamemnon, who dwells by Crisa ’s cattle-feeding shore nor the god who reigns beside Acheron is unmindful of you.
180

Electra

But the best part of life has passed away leaving me in hopelessness, and I have no strength left. I waste away without children and have no loving husband to champion me, but like some despised foreign slave,
185

I serve in the halls of my father, wrapped in shabby garments and standing to eat scanty meals.
190

193

Chorus

Mournful was the voice heard at his return, and mournful the voice amidst your father’s reclining banquet

when the straight, swift blow of the bronze-jawed axe was sped against him. Deceit was the plotter, Lust the slayer, two dread parents of a dreadful
195

phantom, whether it was god or mortal that did this deed.
200

Electra

O that hated day, hated beyond all that have come to me; O that night, the terrible grief of that unutterable feast, the shameless death-strokes

my father saw from their twin hands, hands which took my life captive by treachery, which cast me to ruin! May the great god of Olympus
205

create for them sufferings in penalty, and may they never have enjoyment of their splendor since they have committed such crimes!
210

213

Chorus

Be advised to say no more; do you not see by what actions

under the present circumstances you plunge so shamefully into self-made miseries? You have far excelled in achieving misfortune, ever breeding wars in your hardhearted soul. But such strife
215

should not be pushed into a conflict with the powerful.
220

Electra

I have been forced to it, forced by a terrible compulsion. I know my own passion; it does not escape me; but, under such terrible compulsion, I will not restrain these disastrous cries of frenzy,

so long as life is in me. Who indeed, my noble friends, who that keeps what is appropriate in mind, would think any word of comfort right for my ears? Let me be, let me be, my comforters!
225

For these ills will be reckoned with those which have no cure; I will never know a respite from my pains, or the sum of this wailing.
230

233

Chorus

It is nevertheless with goodwill, like a true-hearted mother,

that I dissuade you from begetting misery upon miseries.
235

Electra

But what limit has nature begot for my affliction? Tell me, how can it be right to neglect the dead? Has such a seed been sown in any mortal? May I never have such men’s esteem;

never, when I am close to prosperity, may I dwell in ease, hindering the wings of shrill lamentation so as to deprive my begetter of his honors!
For if the dead is to lie a wretch, merely dust and nothingness,
240

while his slayers do not pay back to him blood for blood in penalty,
245

then shame and reverence will vanish from all humanity.
250

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-359-1 εὖ νυν ἐπίστω ¹

mvp-comment-359-2 ἔξωρα ²

mvp-comment-359-3 προσεικότα ³

mvp-comment-360-1 ἀλλὰ … γὰρ ⁴

mvp-comment-360-2 ἡ … ἐκ σοῦ δυσμένεια ⁵

mvp-comment-360-3 ἐξαναγκάζει ⁶ αἰσχροῖς ⁷

mvp-comment-360-4 622 f. The word θρέμμα ⁸

mvp-comment-360-5 ἦ σ’ ἐγὼ ⁹

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

616-619. mvp-comment-276-1 The harshness of Electra is not native to her character, but superinduced, and she is painfully conscious of this.

Sophocles Electra 83

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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EL

Not unashamed, assure thee, I stand here,

Little as thou mayest deem it. Well I feel

My acts untimely and my words unmeet.

But your hostility and treatment force me

Against my disposition to this course.
620

Harsh ways are taught by harshness.

Current edition Experimental

Χορός

ἀλλʼ οὖν εὐνοίᾳ γʼ αὐδῶ,

μάτηρ ὡσεί τις πιστά,

μὴ τίκτειν σʼ ἄταν ἄταις.
235

Oheiliges Licht¹

(Sie gehen ab. Elektra tritt aus dem Palaste.) (allein)

Electra

Then what am I?

I too am nothing.

Disturb us not — most welcome messenger !

Go on, I beg thee, let me hear it all !

Say how he died, tell every circumstance.

Electra

Foolish is the child who forgets a parent’s piteous death. No, closer to my heart is the mourner who eternally wails, Itys, Itys, that bird mad with grief, the messenger of Zeus.
145

Ah, all-suffering Niobe, you I count divine, since you weep forever in your rocky tomb!
150

Chorus

It is nevertheless with goodwill, like a true-hearted mother,

that I dissuade you from begetting misery upon miseries.
235

Commentary

Stable identifiers

Search the Perseus Catalog for:

Search the Perseus Catalog for:

EL Not unashamed, assure thee, I stand here, Little as thou mayest deem it. Well I feel My acts untimely and my words unmeet. But your hostility and treatment force me Against my disposition to this course. 620 Harsh ways are taught by harshness.

Current edition Experimental

Χορός ἀλλʼ οὖν εὐνοίᾳ γʼ αὐδῶ, μάτηρ ὡσεί τις πιστά, μὴ τίκτειν σʼ ἄταν ἄταις. 235

Oheiliges Licht 1 (Sie gehen ab. Elektra tritt aus dem Palaste.) (allein)

Electra Then what am I? I too am nothing. Disturb us not — most welcome messenger ! Go on, I beg thee, let me hear it all ! Say how he died, tell every circumstance.

Electra Foolish is the child who forgets a parent’s piteous death. No, closer to my heart is the mourner who eternally wails, Itys, Itys, that bird mad with grief, the messenger of Zeus. 145 Ah, all-suffering Niobe, you I count divine, since you weep forever in your rocky tomb! 150

Chorus It is nevertheless with goodwill, like a true-hearted mother, that I dissuade you from begetting misery upon miseries. 235

Commentary

Stable identifiers

EL

Not unashamed, assure thee, I stand here,

Little as thou mayest deem it. Well I feel

My acts untimely and my words unmeet.

But your hostility and treatment force me

Against my disposition to this course.
620

Harsh ways are taught by harshness.

Χορός

ἀλλʼ οὖν εὐνοίᾳ γʼ αὐδῶ,

μάτηρ ὡσεί τις πιστά,

μὴ τίκτειν σʼ ἄταν ἄταις.
235

Oheiliges Licht¹

(Sie gehen ab. Elektra tritt aus dem Palaste.) (allein)

Electra

Then what am I?

I too am nothing.

Disturb us not — most welcome messenger !

Go on, I beg thee, let me hear it all !

Say how he died, tell every circumstance.

Electra

Foolish is the child who forgets a parent’s piteous death. No, closer to my heart is the mourner who eternally wails, Itys, Itys, that bird mad with grief, the messenger of Zeus.
145

Ah, all-suffering Niobe, you I count divine, since you weep forever in your rocky tomb!
150

Chorus

It is nevertheless with goodwill, like a true-hearted mother,

that I dissuade you from begetting misery upon miseries.
235